Significant Differences In Height Research Articles

Effects of Nitrogen Applications on Transpiration, Physiological, and Growth Characteristics of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Improving fertilizer and water use efficiencies is an important strategy in agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the daily whole-plant transpiration, growth, and physiological activities of sugarcane. The pot experiment was conducted under glass-house conditions. Five treatments of various nitrogen application rates (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16mM) were assigned in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result showed that higher nitrogen applications led to higher growth, physiological, and biomass parameters. Nevertheless, biomass nitrogen use efficiency and photosynthetic water use efficiency declined because of applying nitrogen at higher rates. During the first weeks of plant growth, no significant differences in plant height, leaf number, SPAD, and whole-plant transpiration among nitrogen treatments indicated that higher nitrogen added was not necessary during this time. Nitrogen and water use efficiencies could be improved if the remaining soil nitrogen and crop growth stage nitrogen requirements are estimated in cultivation practice.

Bjork Jarabak Analysis between Two Different Ethnic Groups: A Comparative Study

Aims: The aim of this study was to use Bjork-Jarabak analysis to evaluate and compare cranial base linear and angular measurements in Sudanese patients with skeletal Class I, II, and III relationships, and compare the results with previous reports from Jordan and other regions. Material and Method: A total of 103 pretreatment lateral cephalograms of Sudanese patients aged 18-22 years were analyzed. Results: showed that Sudanese males had significantly higher mean values for the Gonial angle and mandibular body length, while Sudanese females had significantly higher mean values for the Articulare angle. In Class I, Jordanians had significantly higher mean values for the Gonial angle and Bjork sum of angles compared to Sudanese. In Class II, only the saddle and articular angles showed significant differences. In Class III, Jordanians had significantly higher mean values for the Articulare angle, Gonial angle, Bjork sum of angles, and body of mandibular length compared to Sudanese. Additionally, Jordanian males exhibited significantly higher mean values for the Saddle angle, Bjork sum, and posterior cranial base compared to Sudanese males. However, Sudanese females exhibited an extremely statistically significant difference in ramal height, while Jordanian females showed significantly higher mean values for the Gonial angle and Bjork sum of angles compared to Sudanese females. Conclusion: These findings are important for orthodontists to make accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions for patients, considering both appearance and function.

Variable retention harvesting and climate variations influence over natural regeneration dynamics in Nothofagus pumilio forests of Southern Patagonia

Natural regeneration is a key process to sustain structure, function, and composition in harvested forests over time. Variable retention harvesting system is a strategy that maintains a high level of heterogeneity in managed stands for multiple ecosystem services, which provides different micro-environmental conditions for natural regeneration that respond differently according to climate variations. The objective was to determine the influence of remnant over story on the dynamics of Nothofagus pumilio natural regeneration in forests managed under variable retention in the medium term (0 to 16 years-after-harvesting, YAH) and its interaction with climate variables. Recruitment period, survival, seedling bank of pre- and post-harvesting periods, regeneration age and heights were determined at permanent plots under three different harvested forest conditions (1: AR = aggregated retention, 2: DRI = dispersed retention under the influence of AR, 3: DR = dispersed retention without influence of AR) and one primary forests (PF) as a control (4 treatments × 6 replicates × 3 areas × 16 YAH). Height growth rates were associated to combined occurrence of hemispheric modes (ENSO and SAM) that influence over climate variations. Results showed different regeneration dynamics according to remnant forest over story: (i) a recruitment stage occurred during the first 4 YAH; (ii) 67,000 and 33,000 individuals ha−1 for DRI and DR established respectively, with 15,000 individuals ha−1 higher than 130 cm height at 16 YAH; (iii) equal density proportion of pre- and post-harvesting saplings between treatments (DRI and DR); (iv) significant differences in regeneration heights among treatments from 3 to 16 YAH, which were higher at DRI and DR, reaching to 130 cm height at 16 ± 1 years of age. Saplings height growth reacted favourably to higher mean temperatures associated with positive SAM and ENSO. These results reflect a successful and resilient natural regeneration process for N. pumilio where variable retention system to obtain timber products is below the thresholds of no-return, reacting differently according to climatic drivers by the presence of different structures of remnant over story. This provides useful information for forest management practices in the medium term, where the maintenance of stand heterogeneity (e.g., different types of over story retention) ensures successful and resilient regeneration to recover the stand original structure within a context of climate change.

O-201 Growth of singletons born after frozen embryo transfer until early adulthood: a Finnish register study

Abstract Study question Does the growth of children born after frozen embryo transfer (FET) differ from those born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) or natural conception (NC)? Summary answer Boys born after FET have a higher risk of overweight compared to fresh ET. What is known already FET is associated with a higher mean birth weight and an increased risk of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) compared to fresh ET and NC, thus raising questions of possible growth disturbances later in life. Previous studies on early childhood growth after FET have reported partly contradictory results. Moreover, data on the adolescent growth after FET are scarce, reporting no significant differences. Study design, size, duration This observational cohort study, based on national population-based registers, includes 1825 and 2933 singletons born after FET and fresh ET in Oulu and Helsinki city areas in Finland between 1995 and 2006. A 10% sample of NC controls (n = 31 136) from the same birth years, matched for area of residence, was obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Growth data were obtained from the Register of Primary Health Care visits. Participants/materials, setting, methods Mean heights, weights, and body mass indices (BMI) were compared between the groups, stratified by sex, between ages 7 and 18, using general linear model. The proportions of overweight (age- and sex-adjusted ISO-BMI for children ≥ 25) were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for birth year, preterm birth, maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic status. Additionally, the odds for overweight were calculated for all ages combined, adjusting for multiple measurements using generalized estimating equations. Main results and the role of chance Growth measurements for each age were available for 5.9-30.6% of boys and 4.7-29.5% of girls. The mean and median number of measurements was three per child. No significant differences in height were found between FET and fresh ET. FET boys were significantly taller compared to NC between ages 11 and 14. For boys, the mean proportions of overweight for FET, fresh ET and NC were 28%, 22% and 26%, respectively (p < 0.001 for FET vs fresh ET, p = 0.014 for FET vs NC and p < 0.001 for fresh ET vs NC). For all ages combined, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of overweight was 1.14 (95% CI 1.02-1.27) for FET compared to fresh ET, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.18) for FET compared to NC. For girls, the mean proportions of overweight for FET, fresh ET and NC were 18%, 19% and 22% (p = 0.169 for FET vs fresh ET, p < 0.001 for FET vs NC and p < 0.001 for fresh ET vs NC). For all ages combined, the aOR of overweight was 0.92 (95% CI 0.81-1.06) for FET compared to fresh ET and 0.89 (95% CI 0.80-0.99) for FET compared to NC. Limitations, reasons for caution Unfortunately, we were not able to adjust for parental anthropometric characteristics. The growth data were not available for the entire cohort, and the proportion of children measured at the start and end of the follow-up was limited. Mainly cleavage stage embryos were transferred, and slow freezing was used. Wider implications of the findings The lack of significant height differences between FET and fresh ET offers reassurance of the safety and feasibility of FET. However, the risk of overweight among FET boys warrant further research as to verify the results in larger cohorts, and further investigate the mechanisms that explain this gender-specific finding. Trial registration number not applicable

P-168 Follow-up survey of deliveries derived from Day 7 blastocysts

Abstract Study question Does Day 7 blastocyst-transfer affect prognosis of babies born? Summary answer There was no effect on growth up to 3 years of age in babies from Day 7 blastocyst-derived births. What is known already Culture medium and technology have advanced, and the efficiency to culture up to the blastocyst stage in order to obtain viable embryos has increased dramatically. As a result, blastocyst transfer is associated with higher clinical pregnancy outcomes than cleavage transfer. In 1998, it was first reported that some embryos may develop into blastocysts on Day 7. However, there are few reports on neonatal outcomes from Day 7 blastocyst transfer. Therefore, the utility of Day 7 blastocysts is controversial. Study design, size, duration This was retrospective study which included 23 cases where there was a live birth after single embryo transfer of a Day 7-derived blastocyst. The incidence of birth defects, birth weight was recorded as well as a physical development survey. The height and weight were recorded in 10 children aged 18-months and 4 children aged 3 who responded to follow-up survey. The time period was from January 2013 to December 2021. Participants/materials, setting, methods Patient seeking fertility treatment at an established private IVF clinic. We compared the birth weight, and birth after 18-months and 3 years height and weight of children born to a Day 7 blastocyst with data from babies born from Day 5 and Day 6 derived blastocysts. Statistical significance was determined using Kruskal-Wallis test. Main results and the role of chance The incidence of birth defects was 2.4% (115/4828), 1.7% (16/954) and 0% (0/23) in the Day 5, Day 6 and Day 7 groups, respectively. The average birth weight of the Day 7 group was 3057+/-532 g, which was not significantly different from 3024+/-472 g and 3041+/-480 g in the Day 5 and Day 6 groups. The average height at 18-months, was 80.0+/-5.3 cm, 79.8+/-5.1 cm, 77.8+/-6.9 cm in the Day 5, Day 6 and Day 7 groups, respectively. The average weight at 18-months, was 10.5+/-1.2 kg, 10.4+/-1.1 kg, 10.5+/-1.4 kg. The average height at 3 years old, was 93.2+/-4.8 cm, 92.9+/-4.7 cm, 93.4+/-5.9 cm. The average weight at 3 years old, was 13.9+/-1.6 kg, 13.8+/-1.4 kg, 14.1+/-2.6 kg, respectively. There was no significant difference in average height and weight up-to the 3 years old follow-up survey. Limitations, reasons for caution The incidence of Day 7 blastocyst-transfer is low and the study was limited to cases of single blastocyst embryo transfer. The study was not separated by sex, because sample size was small. Wider implications of the findings There was no difference in growth up to a 3-year-old follow-up survey of the Day 7 blastocyst compared with the Day 5 and Day 6 groups. Transfer of a Day 7-derived blastocyst does not appear to affect infant development and should be considered in cases where blastocyst development is delayed. Trial registration number not applicable

P-163 Three-year follow-up of babies born derived from mono-pronuclear zygotes

Abstract Study question Are neonatal outcomes normal up to 3 years of ages from the transfer of blastocysts derived from mono-pronuclear(1PN) zygotes? Summary answer There was no effect on growth up to 3 years of ages in babies born from 1PN-implanted blastocysts. What is known already In human ART, 1PN zygotes are observed at low rates. We have previously reported that 80.7% of 1PN zygotes had a biparental chromosome using a Live-Cell imaging technique, and some of these developed to the blastocyst stage (Tokoro et al. ASRM 2013). Furthermore, we have reported that these blastocysts can result in a viable pregnancy and healthy live birth (Tsuji et al. ASRM 2020), and there was no effect on growth up to 18-months (Tsuji et al. ESHRE 2021). However, there is no information on the long-term prognosis of babies derived from1PN-zygotes. Study design, size, duration This was a retrospective study which included 86 cases where there was a live birth after single embryo transfer of a blastocyst derived from 1PN zygote. The incidence of birth defects, birth weight were recorded as well as a physical development survey of 19 children who responded to a 3-years follow-up survey. The time period was 108 months (January 2013 to December 2021). Participants/materials, setting, methods Patients seeking fertility treatment at an established private IVF clinic. We compared the birth weight, 3-years old height and weight of children born from 1PN zygotes with data from a control, 2PN group. Statistical significance was determined using the t-test (level of P < 0.05). Main results and the role of chance The incidence of birth defects in 1PN embryo-derived infants was 1.2% (1/86). The average birth weight of boys in the 1PN group was 3147.6+/-408.7 g, which was not significantly different from 3070.5+/-479.5 g in the 2PN group. In girls, the average birth weight was 3048.1+/-510.7 g in the 1PN group, which was not significantly different from the 2PN group (2966.2+/-462.7 g). The average height at 18-months, was 81.3+/-2.5 cm vs 80.9+/-3.4 cm for boys; 79.5+/-2.2 cm vs 79.5+/-3.0 cm for girls in the 1PN and 2PN groups, respectively. The average body weights of the 1PN and 2PN groups were 11.0+/-1.2 kg vs 10.8+/-1.1 kg for boys; 9.8+/-1.0 kg vs 10.2+/-1.1 kg for girls, respectively. The average height at 3-years, was 95.2+/-3.1 cm vs 93.8+/-4.5 cm for boys; 91.5+/-2.9 cm vs 92.5+/-4.9 cm for girls in the 1PN and 2PN groups, respectively. The average body weights of the 1PN and 2PN groups were 14.7+/-1.2 kg vs 14.1+/-1.5 kg for boys; 13.2+/-1.9 kg vs 13.6+/-1.5 kg for girls, respectively. There was no significant difference in average height and weight up-to the 3-years follow-up survey. Limitations, reasons for caution The incidence of 1PN- zygotes that develop to blastocysts resulting in births is low and the study was limited to cases of single blastocyst embryo transfer. Wider implications of the findings The incidence of congenital anomalies in Japan is around 1.7 to 2%, and the incidence was similar in the 1PN group. Also, there was no difference in 3-years follow-up survey of the 1PN compared with the 2PN. These data are reassuring for the clinical utility of 1PN derived embryos. Trial registration number not applicable

Epidemiological features of acute medial meniscus posterior root tears.

Untreated or overlooked medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) induce sequential knee joint degradation. We evaluated epidemiological features of acute MMPRT for its early detection and accurate diagnosis. Among 330 MMPRT patients from 2018 to 2020, those who underwent arthroscopic pullout repairs were enrolled. Patients who underwent non-operative treatment or knee arthroplasty, those with a cruciate ligament-deficient knee or advanced osteoarthritis of the knee, and those with insufficient data were excluded. Finally, we retrospectively evaluated data from 234 MMPRTs (female: 79.9%, complete tears: 92.7%, mean age: 65years). Welch's t-test and Chi-squared test were used for pairwise comparisons. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between age at surgery and body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression analysis with stepwise backward elimination was applied to the values as risk factors for painful popping events. In both sexes, there were significant differences in height, weight, and BMI. In all patients, there was a significant negative correlation between BMI and age (ρ = - 0.36, p < 0.001). The BMI cutoff value of 27.7kg/m2 had a 79.2% sensitivity and a 76.9% specificity for detecting MMPRT patients aged < 50years. A painful popping event was confirmed in 187 knees (79.9%), and the frequency was significantly reduced in partial tears as compared to complete tears (odds ratio: 0.080, p < 0.001). Higher BMI was associated with a significantly younger age of MMPRT onset. Partial MMPRTs had a low frequency of painful popping events (43.8%).

Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the growth in children with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case–control study

First-generation ABL-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib is known to retard growth in children but it is not known if the second-generation ABL-targeted TKI dasatinib has the same effect. We aimed to determine the impact of the first- or second-generation TKI on the growth of children treated for Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We evaluated the longitudinal growth changes in 140 children with Ph+ALL treated with imatinib or dasatinib in additional to intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy and 280 matched controls treated with the same intensity of cytotoxic chemotherapy without TKI on Chinese Children's Cancer Group ALL-2015 protocol between 2015 and 2019. We retrospectively reviewed the height data obtained during routine clinic visits at 4 time points: at diagnosis, the end of therapy, 1 year and 2 years off therapy. Height z Scores were derived with the aid of WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 and WHO AnthroPlus version 1.0.4, global growth monitoring tool. This study consisted only patients who have completed all treatment in continuous complete remission without major events, including 33 patients randomized to receive imatinib, 43 randomized to receive dasatinib, and 64 assigned to receive dasatinib. Similar degree of loss of height z scores from diagnosis to the end of therapy was observed for the 33 imatinib- and the 107 dasatinib-treated patients (median △=-0.84 vs.-0.88, P=0.41). Adjusting for height z score at diagnosis, puberty status, and sex, there was no significant difference in the longitudinal mean height z scores between patients treated with imatinib and those with dasatinib (0.08, 95% CI,-0.22 to 0.38, P=0.60). The degree of loss of height z scores from diagnosis to end of therapy was significantly greater in the 140 TKI-treated patients than the 280 controls (median △=-0.88 vs.-0.18, P<0.001). The longitudinal mean height z scores in the TKI-treated patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (-0.84, 95% CI,-0.98 to-0.69; P<0.001). These data suggest that dasatinib and imatinib have the similar adverse impact on the growth of children with Ph+ALL. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 81670136 [JCai and JT]), the fourth round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan (2015-2017; GWIV-25 [SS]), Shanghai Health Commission Clinical Research Project (202140161 [JCai]), the US National Cancer institute (CA21765 [C-H Pui]), and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (CC, JJY, and C-HP). The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US National Institutes of Health.

The impact of propranolol on the growth and development of children with proliferative infantile hemangioma during treatment.

Oral propranolol has not been shown to impact physical development, such as weight and height. The impact of children's intellectual development has received relatively little attention from researchers. The effects of propranolol on the growth and development of children with proliferative infantile hemangiomas during treatment were analyzed retrospectively. The children with infantile hemangioma treated with oral propranolol in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, from February 2017 to May 2022 were analyzed. A uniform therapeutic regimen was applied, including assessment, treatment, and follow-up. The assessment included physical development and intellectual development indices. The physical development indices were height and weight. Neuropsychological assessment uses developmental quotient (DQ) to assess intelligence development. The DQs on months 3, 6, and 9 posttreatment were compared to the pretreatment. Wilcoxon rank sum test of paired samples was used for height and weight. The developmental quotient was determined by paired t test. P < .05 indicated significant difference. A total of 51 patients were enrolled. All children completed the treatment successfully, without severe adverse drug reactions leading to treatment discontinuation. There was no significant difference in height and weight before and after treatment (P > .05). No significant difference was detected in DQ 3 months posttreatment and pretreatment (P = .19), while it decreased at 6 and 9 months posttreatment (P < .05). Oral propranolol does not have an impact on physical development (height and weight). No short-term effect was found on intellectual development, but a decrease was noted over 6 months, which needs to be investigated further.

A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELDS OF WHEAT AND ITS RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUCCEEDING GREEN GRAM

The sandy loam soil and gentle slope of the test plot allowed for adequate water drainage. The top fifteen centimetres of the soil in the experimental field had a slightly alkaline response, was low in organic carbon and accessible nitrogen, and was medium in available phosphorus and potassium. In both 2018 and 2019, integrated nutrition management treatments had no detectable influence on plant population (per metre of row length) at either 30 DAS or harvest. There was no significant difference in plant height at 30 DAS between the integrated nutrition management treatments in either 2018–19 or 2019–20, or in the pooled result.

Anatomical Computer Tomography Parameter Prediction of Pacemaker Requirement Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Permanent pacemaker (PPM) requirement following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a known complication with limited predictability using conventional prognosticators. Recent studies suggest a PPM requirement correlation with computed tomography (CT)-guided anatomical predictors including membranous septal length. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of CT-based anatomical markers including virtual annulus-distal membranous septum distance (vMSL) in PPM requirement prediction following TAVI. Patients undergoing TAVI in Wellington Regional Hospital between July 2017 and August 2022 were screened. Patients with pre-existing aortic valve replacement, PPM, or incomplete data were excluded. Association of PPM requirement with vMSL (primary endpoint), total membranous septal length (tMSL), and the implantation depth below the vMSL (vMSL-IH) (secondary endpoints) were evaluated. Electronic records and Canon’s Vitrea system were used for data collation. Twenty of 148 patients (14%) required PPM within 30 days (65% male, mean age 80±9 years). Patients were grouped into quartiles according to vMSL. Quartile comparison revealed a statistically significant difference in PPM rates between vMSL ≤4.8 mm vs >4.8 mm (RR 1.6; p=0.029). There were no statistically significant differences in age (p=0.096), implantation height (p=0.158), or valve oversizing percentage (p=0.812) between quartiles. There were statistically significant between-group differences in the secondary predictors tMSL (p<0.001) and vMSL-IH (p=0.001). Further quartile comparison confirmed a significant difference between vMSL-IH ≤1.7 mm vs >1.7 mm (RR 2.0; p<0.001) but no difference was appreciable in tMSL. While PPM requirement following TAVI remains difficult to predict, anatomical prognosticators such as vMSL and vMSL-IH may provide meaningful contributions to risk prediction.

Introducing New Varieties to Increase Garlic Production and Determining Its Economic Feasibility in Toba Regency

Garlic is one of the vegetable commodities whose demand is increasing in tandem with the total population. Until now, national production of this commodity is unable to meet demand. In addition to the import strategy, the local government is attempting to implement an extensification strategy (by increasing total cultivation area) to address this issue. One of the actions in this strategy is the introduction of two garlic varieties, Lumbu Hijau and Sangga Sembalum. From August to December 2020, this study was carried out in Gurgur Experimental Garden, Tampahan Sub District (Toba Regency). The goals of this study are to determine the suitability of these varieties based on their vegetative and generative performances, as well as to conduct a cost-benefit analysis. The results show that the Lumbu Hijau variety outperforms the Sangga Sembalun variety in terms of growth and production. There is a statistically insignificant difference between these varieties in terms of plant height and number of leaves, but there is a significant difference in stem height. According to the B/C ratio analysis, Lumbu Hijau variety has 1.26 more shares than Sangga Sembalun variety has 0.84, respectively. This output indicates that garlic commodity development in Toba Regency is still feasible by improving cultivation management for better production.

Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Growth and Water Relations of HLB-Affected Citrus Trees under Greenhouse Conditions

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a citrus disease that affects the growth of the fibrous roots of citrus trees. This means that HLB-affected trees may have reduced root volume and may impact water uptake. A greenhouse study was conducted from October 2019 to July 2021 at the Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) in Lake Alfred, FL, to evaluate the growth and development of HLB-affected citrus trees under a deficit irrigation system. The objective was to assess the impact of deficit irrigation on tree growth, water availability, stem water potential (SWP), sap flow, and root growth of HLB-affected “cv. Valencia” (Citrus sinensis (L.)) orange trees on ‘Kuharske citrange’ rootstock (Citrus sinensis (L.) × Poncirus trifoliata) using an evapotranspiration (ET)-based irrigation schedule. The study hypothesized that HLB-affected citrus trees require less irrigation water to complete their biological functions than healthy citrus trees because of severe fibrous root loss. A total of 20 potted trees were either HLB-positive or non-HLB-affected, and one-half of the trees were subjected to deficit irrigation (80% ET) and the other half to full irrigation (100% ET). There was no significant difference in tree height in both years between HLB-affected trees irrigated at 80% ET and 100% ET. In general, there was no difference in SWP between the HLB-affected trees subjected to deficit irrigation and full irrigation. At 80% and 100% ET, non-HLB trees had greater sap flow than HLB-affected trees. Sap flow for the periods of March–April and June–July 2021 was comparable between HLB-affected trees at all irrigation rates. Maximum sap flow occurred between 11 and 16 h for HLB-affected trees during the three measurement periods. HLB-affected trees had an average water use of 1.6 mm day−1 compared to 2.1 mm day−1 for non-HLB trees. Healthy trees (non-HLB) used about 20% more water than HLB-affected trees, equivalent to 0.5 mm day−1. Thus, irrigating at 80% ET may be appropriate for achieving water savings in controlled environments for HLB-affected trees without causing water stress. However, since these results were conducted under greenhouse conditions in pots, a follow-up study is needed to validate these results under on-farm field conditions.

Assessment of the Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) In El Multaga Area - Northern State of Sudan

A field experiment was executed during two consecutive winter seasons of the years 2020/21 and 2021/22, at the research farm of the National Institute of Desert Studies – University of Gezira, new Hamdab scheme - Northern State of Sudan to assess the effect of Urea (N46%), NPK (20-10-10) and di ammonium phosphate (DAP) (18-46) fertilizers on growth and yield of wheat. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Consisted control (untreated plots), N (Urea 100 Kg fed-1), NPK (100 Kg fed-1) and di ammonium phosphate (DAP) 100Kg fed-1. Results indicated that there were no significant (P≤0.05) differences in the numbers of plant per meter square, but there are significant (P≤0.05) differences in plant height (cm), /spike length (Cm), thousand seed weight (g), biological yield, straw yield and harvest index in both seasons and highly significant (P≤0.01) differences in grain yield) ton/ ha) in both seasons compared to the control. The best type of evaluated fertilizer which gave the highest values of growth, yield and yield components of wheat for both seasons in high terrace soil of Northern State of Sudan was N(Urea) followed by NPK and DAP.

Determination of Optimal Irrigation Using Soil Moisture Depletion on Yield and Water Productivity of Onion at Odo Shakiso District, Southern Ethiopia

Irrigation scheduling is the use of water management strategies to prevent over-application of water while minimizing yield losses due to water scarcity or drought stress. The experiment was conducted in Odo Shakiso district at a farm during the 2020/21 and 2021/22 irrigation seasons with the aim of determining the optimal irrigation schedule for yield, yield component and water productivity of onions based on the available soil moisture depletion levels. The experiment was performed in RCBD with three replicates randomly assigned to experimental plots with treatments. Five available soil moisture depletion levels (20% ASMDL, 40% ASMDL, 60% ASMDL, 80% ASMDL and FAO recommended ASMDL) were used for treatment. Results from two years of research showed that different levels of available soil moisture had a significant impact (P<0.05) on bulb diameter, bulb weight, unmarketable onion yield, marketable onion yield, and water productivity. However, different soil moisture depletion did not show a significant difference in plant height. The highest onion diameter (4.25 cm) and marketable onion yield (363.9 qt/ha) was recorded at 60% ASMDL. The highest water use efficiency at marketable onion yield (9.487 kg/m³) was also achieved at 60% ASMDL, which was statistically comparable to the FAO-recommended ASMDL treatment. On the other hand, the minimum water use efficiency (6.234 kg/m³) was recorded at 40 percent ASMDL. Therefore, based on the results of the current experiment, it is recommended to use 60% ASMDL under a furrow irrigation system for onion cultivation in areas around Shakiso and similar agro ecologies as it is the best option to increase yield and water use efficiency for onion production.

Effects of tracer position on screw placement technique in robot-assisted posterior spine surgery: a case–control study

IntroductionRobot-assisted spine surgery is increasingly used in clinical work, and the installation of tracers as a key step in robotic surgery has rarely been studied.ObjectiveTo explore the potential effects of tracers on surgical outcomes in robot-assisted posterior spine surgery.MethodsWe reviewed all patients who underwent robotic-assisted posterior spine surgery at Beijing Shijitan Hospital over a 2-year period from September 2020 to September 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the location of the tracer (iliac spine or vertebral spinous process) during robotic surgery and a case–control study was conducted to determine the potential impact of tracer location on the surgical procedure. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.25 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois).ResultsA total of 525 pedicle screws placed in 92 robot-assisted surgeries were analyzed. The rate of perfect screw positioning was 94.9% in all patients who underwent robot-assisted spine surgery (498/525). After grouping studies based on the location of tracers, we found there was no significant difference in age, sex, height and body weight between the two groups. The screw accuracy (p < 0.01)was significantly higher in the spinous process group compared to the iliac group (97.5% versus 92.6%), but the operation time (p = 0.09) was longer in comparison.ConclusionPlacing the tracer on the spinous process as opposed to the iliac spine may result in longer procedure duration or increased bleeding, but enhanced satisfaction of screw placement.

Effect of Decapitation on the Growth and Yield of Pepper (Capsicum annuum l.) in Obio Akpa, Akwa Ibom State

A screen house study was conducted at the Akwa Ibom State University Obio Akpa Campus Teaching and Research Farm, between the month of November -April 2022, to determine the effect of decapitation on the growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. The treatments were different times of decapitation (10, 20, 30, and 40 days) after transplanting (DAT) and a control (no decapitation). Data collected were plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2 ), number of branches, stem girth (cm), number of fruits, fruit circumference (cm), fruit length (cm) and fruit yield (t/ha). Results showed significant differences in plant height, number of branches per plant, and fresh fruit yield. Pepper decapitated at 10 DAT gave the highest yield (19.24 t/ha), while the least fresh fruit yield was recorded at 40 DAT (10.72 t/ha). The result of this study indicates that decapitation at 10 DAT may increase the pepper fruit yield in the Obio Akpa farming community.

Associations of Obesity With Growth and Puberty in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Fuzhou, China.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of obesity with growth and puberty in children. Methods: From November 2017 to December 2019, height, weight, and Tanner stages of 26,879 children aged 3-18years in Fuzhou, China were assessed. Results: The obese group was significantly taller than the non-obese group after age 4years for both genders, yet there was no significant difference in height between obese and non-obese group after 15.5years old for boys and 12.5years old for girls. The inflection points of significant growth deceleration in obese and non-obese groups were 14.4 and 14.6years old for boys, and 11.8 and 12.8years old for girls, respectively. The proportions of testicular development in boys with obesity and non-obesity were 7.96% and 5.08% at 8.5-8.9years old, respectively, while the proportions of breast development in girls were 17.19% and 3.22% at age 7.5-7.9years old, respectively. Conclusion: Children with obesity were taller in early childhood, earlier onset of puberty and earlier cessation of growth than children with non-obesity of the same age. However, there was sex dimorphism on the effect of obesity on the incidence of precocious puberty.

Effect of collagen sponge and flowable resin composite on pain management after free gingival graft harvesting: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the application of a flowable resin composite coating, over a collagen sponge stabilized with suture, on postoperative pain after free gingival graft harvesting. Thirty-two free gingival grafts were harvested from the palate in 32 patients, who were subsequently randomized to have only a collagen sponge stabilized with sutures applied to the palatal wound (control), or to have the collagen sponge coated with a flowable resin composite (test). Patients were observed for 14 days, and the pain level was evaluated by using a numerical rating scale. The consumption of analgesics during the postoperative period and the characteristic of the graft were also analyzed. The patients in the test group reported having experienced significantly less pain statistically than the patients in the control group throughout the study. The consumption of analgesics was lower in the test group. The dimensions of harvested grafts in the control and test groups showed no significant differences in height, width, and thickness. In conclusion, the addition of flowable resin composite coating to the hemostatic collagen sponge on the palatal wound following free gingival graft harvesting helped to minimize postoperative pain.

191 Effect of Inclusion of Hempseed Meal on Rumen Papillae Morphology And Rumen Fermentation of Boer X Spanish Intact Male Goats

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of increasing levels of hempseed meal (HSM) on the morphology of the rumen papillae and volatile fatty acids production in the rumen of intact male goats. Boer x Spanish intact male goats (n = 36), 0 to1 months of age and bodyweight of 44.1 ± 3.8 kg, were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental diets (n = 9 goats/diet): 0% (control), 0%, 20%, and 30% HSM included on an as-fed basis and fed ad-libitum for 60 days. Experimental diets were formulated as total mixed ration (TMR), and the nutrient content of each diet was formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (18% crude protein) and to meet or exceed the nutrient requirement of breeding male goats. At the end of the trial, experimental goats were humanely processed as per USDA standards. Rumen fluid and necropsy samples of rumen tissue from the ventral sac of the rumen were collected, and rumen tissue was processed for histological examination. Morphometric variables of rumen papillae; height and width of rumen papillae, and density (number of papillae/cm2) were recorded, and total absorptive surface area was calculated. The thickness of the stratum corneum (SC) and the thickness of stratum granulosum (SG) was measured from the histological slides of rumen tissue. The rumen fluid was analyzed for the volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) concentration. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and orthogonal contrast test for equally spaced treatments using R version 4.2.1. There was no significant difference (P &amp;gt; 0.05) in height of papillae, the width of papillae, papillae density, total absorptive surface area, SC thickness, and SG thickness among the goats feeding different experimental diets. The concentration of propionic acid decreased linearly (P &amp;gt; 0.01) with increasing inclusion of HSM (12.90, 9.51, 8.12 and 7.34 mmol/L for 0 %,0 %, 20 % and 30 % HSM, respectively), whereas the concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid were similar among the experimental groups (P &amp;gt; 0.05). These observed results indicate that the inclusion of HSM at least up to 30 % in the diet does not affect the rumen papillae morphology, and acetate and butyrate concentration in the rumen in intact male goats.