Significant Differences In Body Temperature Research Articles

Application of a new temporary intravascular shunt device in limb injury of dogs

To explore the effectiveness and safety of a new temporary intravascular shunt (TIVS) device for limb injury in dogs. Eighteen adult beagle dogs, male or female, weighing (20±2) kg, were taken for experiment. A semi-amputated limb model was made by circular amputating the knee joint of one hindlimb, which retained only skin, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve, and femur. Then the femoral artery was clamped for 2 hours in all animals, resulting in the ischemic environment of the distal limbs. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=6). In group A, the bypass was started by using a new TIVS device and replenishing saline through the infusion port; In group B, after intravenous injection of heparin sodium solution, the bypass was started by using a new TIVS device and replenishing 3% heparin sodium solution through the infusion port; In group C, the bypass was started by using the self-made bypass tube. The bypass was end after 12 hours. The general vital signs (body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure) before and after bypass were measured, and the time required for the insertion of the bypass tube, the patency during the bypass, shedding, and thrombosis were recorded. Routine blood test and blood coagulation indicators [white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (HGB), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib)] and biochemical indicators [lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK)] were recorded before bypass and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours of bypass, respectively. The gastrocnemius muscles on the surgical side before and after bypass were harvested and the muscle necrosis, the wet-to-dry weight ratio, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. In addition, the gastrocnemius muscle and femoral artery were observed after bypass by HE staining. There was no significant difference in body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure between groups before and after bypass ( P>0.05). Compared with groups A and B, the time required for the insertion of the bypass tube in group C was significantly longer ( P<0.05), and the number of thrombus in the bypass tube, the blockage time significantly increased ( P<0.05). Shedding and sliding of bypass tube occurred in 3 cases of group C, but no shedding or sliding of bypass tube occurred in groups A and B; there was no significant difference in the incidence of shedding between groups ( P=1.000). There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in routine blood test, blood coagulation indicators, LDH, CK, MPO, MDA, and wet-to-dry weight ratio between groups before bypass. After bypass, the routine blood test and blood coagulation indicators of the 3 groups did not change significantly, and the differences between groups was not significant ( P>0.05); LDH and CK gradually increased ( P<0.05), and group C significantly higher than groups A and B at 12 hours ( P<0.05). After bypass, thrombosis was seen in the bypass tube, the distal gastrocnemius muscle necrosis occurred in group C, and the femoral artery injury was slightly heavier than that in groups A and B. The new TIVS device is safe and effective and has the advantages of convenient implantation, lower thrombosis rate, and less limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Effects of topically applied diclofenac and ketoprofen on prostaglandin E2 and Stat3 sera levels and body temperature in two different acute inflammation models in rats.

IntroductionCytokines exert biological function through signal transducer and activator of transcription factors. Prostaglandins have function as promotors, where play a key role in generation of the inflammatory response and as ones that solve inflammatory process.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis but the existence of additional mechanisms is present. Thus, we aimed to explore effects of topically applied NSAIDs on the levels of PGE2 and Stat3 in the setting of two in vivo induced acute inflammation models.MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomized into five equal groups: 4 treated and a control group. Diclofenac or ketoprofen patches were applied in two different doses, i.e. equivalent to human therapeutic dose, and three times higher dose. Three hours later either model of inflammation (with 20% yeast, or with 1% carrageenan) was induced.Blood samples were taken 3 hours after and concentration levels of PGE 2 and Stat3 were determined using ELISA. Body temperature was measured at 0. 1st, 3rd and 5th hour after inflammation induction and presented in Celsius degrees. Shapiro-Wilk, Leven’s, Welch’s One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and adjustment by Bonferroni correction were applied.ResultsIn both inflammation models, no differences in the mean values of PGE 2 between control, low and high dose groups treated by either diclofenac or ketoprofen were found. In yeast inflammation, the mean value of Stat3 was significantly higher in both dose ketoprofen groups compared to control group. After ketoprofen application, no significant differences in body temperature between groups at hour 0 and 5 in either model of inflammation induced, while at 1st hour after carrageenan inflammation, significant differences were found with significantly higher values in low dose ketoprofen group compared to control group. In yeast application, significant differences in body temperature were found at hour 3 after inducing inflammation and post hoc pairwise comparison test revealed significant higher values in low dose ketoprofen group compared to control.ConclusionElevated Stat3 values post ketoprofen application in yeast model of induced inflammation were detected. Further investigation of cytokine microenvironment as well as the mechanisms of ketoprofen influence on inflammation are needed.

Analysis on the Anesthesia Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

To compare the anesthesia effects of propofol and sevoflurane in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 60 patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was given total intravenous anesthesia (continuous infusion of propofol 6-8 mg/kg/h during operation), while the observation group was given intravenous inhalation combined anesthesia (continuous inhalation of 1-2.5 % sevoflurane during operation). The vital signs, anesthesia time, recovery time and extubation time of the two groups after induction and at the end of operation were compared and the occurrence of agitation during anesthesia recovery period was recorded The changes of heart rate and blood pressure before and after agitation were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in anesthesia time, recovery time and extubation time between the two groups (p>0.05); there was no significant difference in body temperature, oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure and heart rate between the two groups after induction and at the end of operation (p>0.05); compared with the control group, the average agitation score of the observation group was significantly higher and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There were 6 cases of restlessness in the control group (6/30) and 14 cases of restlessness in the observation group (14/30), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05); before and after the emergence of restlessness, the blood pressure fluctuation rate and heart rate fluctuation rate changed significantly and the blood oxygen saturation decreased, with significant difference (p<0.05). Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia is more prone to emergence agitation than propofol intravenous infusion anesthesia. Intravenous anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia have their own advantages. If we fully grasp and make use of their characteristics in our work, we will make the patients wake up more smoothly and the anesthesia work more efficiently.

Persons Living With Primary Immunodeficiency Act as Citizen Scientists and Launch Prospective Cohort Body Temperature Study.

BackgroundAlthough fever is considered a sign of infection, many individuals with primary immunodeficiency (PI) anecdotally report a lower-than-normal average body temperature on online forums sponsored by the Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF). There is limited knowledge about the average body temperature and fever response in PI.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare median body temperatures between adults with and without PI diagnoses living in the same household and to engage individuals living with PI throughout the research process.MethodsPatients with PI designed and launched a prospective cohort comparison study as citizen scientists. A multidisciplinary team designed and implemented a patient-informed study with continuous patient-driven input. Median body temperatures were compared between the 2 cohorts using the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction. The IDF conducted a post-study patient experience survey.ResultsData from 254 households were analyzed (254/350, 72.6% participation rate). The PI population was predominantly female (218/254, 85.8%), White (248/254, 97.6%), and with a median age of 49 years. The non-PI population was largely male (170/254, 66.9%), White (236/254, 92.9%), and with a median age of 53 years. Common variable immunodeficiency was the most common PI diagnosis (190/254, 74.8%). Of the 254 individuals with PI, 123 (48.4%) reported a lower-than-normal nonsick body temperature, whereas 108 (42.5%) reported a normal (between 97°F and 99°F) nonsick body temperature. Among individuals with PI, when infected, 67.7% (172/254) reported the absence of fever, whereas 19.7% (50/254) reported a normal fever response. The recorded median body temperature was minimally but statistically significantly higher for patients with PI in the morning. Although 22.4% (57/254) of patients with PI self-reported illness, a fever of 100.4°F or higher was uncommon; 77.2% (196/254) had a normal temperature (between 97°F and 99°F), and 16.2% (41/254) had a lower-than-normal temperature (between 95.0°F and 96.9°F) when sick. For these sick patients with PI, the median body temperature was minimally but statistically significantly higher for patients in the morning and early evening. Overall, 90.9% (231/254) of participants would be very likely to participate in future IDF studies, although 94.1% (239/254) participants had never taken part in previous studies.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate average body temperature in individuals with PI. Although there were small statistically significant differences in body temperatures between PI and non-PI subjects, the clinical significance is unclear and should be interpreted with caution, given the methodological issues associated with our small convenience sample and study design. As PIs are heterogeneous, more research is needed about how the fever response differs among diverse PIs compared with healthy controls. This study highlights that individuals with PI are knowledgeable about their health and can offer unique insights and direction to researchers and clinicians.

The Association Between Very Premature Infant Body Temperatures Over Time and Respiratory Care.

Due to global immaturity, very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (<1,500 g) require auxiliary thermal and respiratory care. However, the impact of respiratory care on infant thermal stability remains unclear. Examine the association between VLBW infant body temperatures over time and respiratory support type (mechanical ventilation (MV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), room air (RA)), respiratory care interventions, and nursing care. Exploratory, longitudinal, and correlational design. 12 infants <29 weeks' gestation (median = 27.1, 25.9-27.9) and <1,200 g (median = 865 g, 660-1,050 g). Minute-to-minute body temperatures and continuous video data were collected over the first 5 days of life. Video data was coded with Noldus Observer®XT software. Respiratory support was retrieved from the electronic health record. Hierarchical multi-level, mixed-effects models for intensive longitudinal data examined the associations. Body temperatures were associated with respiratory support type, respiratory care, and care events (all p < .0001). Pairwise comparison found significant differences in body temperatures between all respiratory support types (all p < .0001). The covariate-adjusted risk of hypothermia (<36.5 °C) was significantly greater during MV vs. RA (aOR = 2.6); CPAP vs. MV (aOR = 1.2); CPAP vs RA (aOR = 3.1); respiratory care vs. other types of care (aOR = 1.5); care event vs. closed portholes (aOR = 2.6). Our results found an association between VLBW infant thermal instability and respiratory support type, respiratory care, and care events. Larger studies with advanced longitudinal analysis are needed to assess the causal impact of these interventions on infant temperatures over time, as well as the implications of longitudinal thermal instability on infant outcomes.

Mechanical stimulation of the scalp improves the extra- and intracranial blood circulation in humans and mice

Scalp combing, as an ancient method of health care, has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine. Although this method is considered to be beneficial for the blood circulation of the head, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Both human participants and mice were used in this study. In participants, the scalp was stimulated by combing continuously for 5 min, and the temperature was measured using infrared thermal imaging before and after stimulation. In mice, the temperature was determined before and at 5, 15, and 30 min after a 5-min scalp mechanical stimulation (SMS). Additionally, the vasculature of the mice was labeled with retro-orbital fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran injection, and the capillaries were observed directly under a confocal microscope. Using in vivo CLARITY imaging and the spectrofluorometric detection of Evans Blue dye extravasation, the blood–brain barrier permeability was assessed. SMS increased the temperature of the left ear significantly in human ( P = .0247) while can slightly increase the temperature of the right ear and the face without significant difference ( P > .05). Moreover, SMS can significantly slow the decrease in the temperature of the external auditory canal at 5 min ( P = .0153) and in body temperature at 15 min ( P = .0295) after SMS whereas no significant difference in body temperature at 30 min ( P > .05) compared with control mice. Furthermore, capillaries of the ear with a diameter of less than 8 μm were significantly dilated ( P = .0006) following SMS and the number of dextran dots was higher at 15 min ( P > .05) and 30 min ( F = 10.98, P = .037) after SMS intervention compared with control mice. Our study provides strong evidence to support the notion that scalp combing can improve extra- and intracranial blood circulation under healthy conditions.

0518 Sleep Facilitation by Artificial Carbonated Bathing in Healthy Elderly; EEG, Core, Proximal, and Distal Temperature Evaluations

Abstract Introduction Bathing, especially with hot spring with various mineral compositions, is known to facilitate / improve sleep by warming the body. Artificial carbonated bathing (ACB) is known to keep the body warm too. Previous our study examined that ACB before sleep more specifically affected body temperature and sleep on healthy young subjects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of usual (plain hot water; PH) and artificial carbonated bathing, on sleep using clinical thermometers and EEG in healthy elderly subjects. Methods Nine healthy elderly women (average age 71.3 years old) were divided into 2 groups ACB (858 ppm, Awacomachi, Danrei Co.) and PH with a week interval. Subjects soaked in the bath (38 C degree) deep enough their chests touched the water for 10 min. From the time they finished bathing to the next morning, we measured their distal skin temperature (top side of the foot), proximal skin temperature (lower part of the clavicle) and EEG using a single channel portable device (Brain wave sensor, Proassist Co.). Subjects were told to sleep from 23:00-6:00. As the same time, subjects were examined with visual analog scale (VAS) and clinical flicker fusion test (CFF). Results There was no significant difference in body temperature (proximal, distal, distal-proximal temperature gradient: DPG) before and during sleep between ACB and PH. The condition of the ACB tended to have less light sleep compared to PH (150min vs 201min, p=0.08), but there was no significant difference in the SWS (44.1min vs 39.1min, ns), EEG delta power analysis, VAS and CFF. In the previous study, bathing was performed for 15 min at a water temperature of 40 C degree, but this condition was considered to be a high risk for the elderly. The reason why there was no significant difference in body temperature. The effects of ACB were not fully demonstrated due to changes in hot water temperature and bathing time. Conclusion The effect of ACB on the body temperature of healthy elderly people could not be confirmed. However, a tendency to reduce light sleep was observed. Support This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K11294

Effects of warming carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the prognosis of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy by Da Vinci robot

Objective To study the effect of heated carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the prognosis of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy by Da Vinci robot. Methods A total of 307 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy by Da Vinci robot from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected as subjects. 140 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy from January 2016 to April 2017 were selected as the control group, and room temperature carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum was used. From May 2017 to December 2018, 167 patients were set as the intervention group, and heated carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum was used. Body temperature, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation of the two groups were compared after entering the operating room, before anesthesia, before the establishment of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and after the closure of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, and the duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative anesthesia recovery time, hospitalization time and postoperative complication rate were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in body temperature after entering the operating room, before the establishment of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum between the two groups (P>0.05). After the closure of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, the decline range of the body temperature of the control group was(1.24±2.36) ℃, which was significantly higher than that of the intervention group (0.60±0.25) ℃, and the difference was statistically significant (t value was 6.892, P 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, resuscitation time, drainage time was (291.08±265.42) ml, (27.04±10.89) min, (8.69±6.64) d in the intervention group and (364.29±309.28) ml, (32.60±12.17) min, (10.76±6.25) d in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t value was 2.232, 7.294, 2.789, P<0.05 or 0.01). There was statistically significant difference in The incidence of pancreatic fistula and biliary fistula, and length of hospital stay was 20 cases, 7 cases, (27.62±17.30) d in the intervention group, and 31 cases, 15 cases, (32.38±12.22) d in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 value was 4.653, 4.870, t value was 6.284, P<0.05). Conclusions Warming carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum can reduce the incidence of perioperative hypothermia and improve the prognosis of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy by Da Vinci robot. Key words: Warming carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum; Da Vinci robot; Pancreaticod-uodenectomy; Prognosis; Hypothermia

Hyaluronic acid versus dexamethasone for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in children: efficacy and safety analysis.

The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of 0.2% hyaluronic acid (HA) topical gel and dexamethasone topical ointment in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) in children. This retrospective observational study included 104 patients who had more than two episodes of oral aphthous ulcers per year and were treated with HA (n=52) or dexamethasone (n=52) from August 15, 2014 to September 3, 2018. Therapy efficacy was evaluated based on the ulcer size and pain score before versus 7 days after either therapy. The paired t-test, chi-squared test, and independent t-test were utilized for statistical analyses. There was no significant difference in ulcer size or pain score between the HA and dexamethasone groups, on day 1 or day 7. Both treatments were tolerated well and no side effects were reported. No significant differences in body temperature, respiration rate, pulse, or systolic/diastolic blood pressure were observed between the start (day 1) and end of treatment (day 7), for either treatment. HA and dexamethasone showed similar efficacy in reducing ulcer size and pain scores, and were tolerated equally well in children with RAU. Future high-quality studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm our findings.

140 The relationship between morphometric characteristics and semen parameters in Bapedi rams

Bapedi is a fat-tailed, hardy, and disease-tolerant breed of sheep that is indigenous to South Africa. The Bapedi sheep breed is facing genetic degradation due to nonselective cross-breeding and irregular mating; therefore, breeding strategies for urgent conservation of Bapedi sheep are crucial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body measurements and semen traits of Bapedi rams conserved in situ (conserved in their natural habitat) and ex situ invivo (live animals conserved outside their natural habitat). Semen was collected twice per week from 33 rams aged 2-4 years (four ejaculates per ram) using an electroejaculator. Body measurements (rump height, body length, scrotum circumference (SC), scrotal width, and scrotum length (cm)), body condition score (BCS; scale of 1-5), bodyweight (BW; kg), rectal temperature (°C), semen volume (mL), spermatozoa concentration (billionsmL−1), and motility parameters were measured using a computer-aided semen analysis system. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and the general linear models of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). The Pearson correlation coefficient in SAS was used to determine the relationship among variables. There was uniformity in all body measurements of Bapedi sheep regardless of the conservation method (P&amp;gt;0.05). There were no significant differences in body temperature during semen collection, SC, semen volume, semen pH, semen concentration, spermatozoa total motility, and kinematics in Bapedi rams between methods of conservation (P&amp;gt;0.05). Pearson correlation revealed moderate significant relationships between semen volume and BW, BCS, and SC (r=0.315, 0.638, and 0.381, respectively). Rump length had a moderate correlation (0.566) with normal spermatozoa (P&amp;lt;0.05). It was concluded that Bapedi sheep are still a uniform breed regardless of their decreasing numbers. The BW, BCS, and SC must be considered in the selection criteria for improving the reproductive performance of Bapedi breeding rams because they were positively correlated with semen volume. It is recommended that more studies be done to correlate body measurements, testicular morphometry, and semen parameters in this breed.

The Effects of the HHBC Applied on Body Temperature, Shivering, Pain in the Elderly Patient Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

본 연구는 전신마취 하에 복강경 담낭절제술을 시행하는 만 65세 이상 노인 환자를 대상으로 수술 중 가온가습호흡회로를 적용한 후 수술 중 체온과 수술 후 회복실에서의 체온과 전율, 통증에 미치는 효과를 파악하기 위한 무작위 대조군 전후 설계의 유사 실험연구이다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 23.0 Program을 이용하여 기술통계와 카이제곱검정, t-검정, 피셔의 정확도 검정, 시점에 따른 집단 간 교호작용효과를 측정하기 위해 반복측정분산분석으로 통계 처리하였다. 연구결과 수술 중 가온가습호흡회로를 적용한 가온요법은 수술 중 체온(F=5.284, p<.001), 수술 후 체온(F=9.432, p<.001), 전율(F=5.253, p=.042), 통증(F=4.851, p=.032)에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 가온가습호흡회로를 적용한 가온요법은 수술 중 저체온 예방과 수술 후 정상체온 유지 및 전율 감소에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었으며, 수술 후 통증을 완화할 수 있는 비약물적 중재라는 객관적인 근거를 제시하였다. 아울러 최근 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 복강경 담낭절제술 노인 대상자의 체온관리를 위한 근거기반 실무 가이드라인에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of HHBC (heated-humidified breathing circuit) applied for general anesthesia on body temperature, shivering and pain in the elderly patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Research design was randomized, double-blinded controlled trial. The subjects were assigned equally to either an experimental group (35 patients) to which HHBC intervention was applied or a control group (35 patients) to which ordinary circuit was applied. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using SPSS version 23.0. The statistical method included the chi-square test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. There were significant differences in body temperatures (F=5.284, p<.001, F=9.432, p<.001), shivering (F=5.253, p=.042), pain (F=4.851, p=.032) between the experimental group and the control group. According to the results of the present study, core body temperature was more effectively maintained, reducing the shivering and pain in the experimental group than in the control group, showing that the intervention is effective for laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients with elderly.

Effect of comprehensive thermal insulation measures on body tempreture and stress index in patients with low body mass index of thoracic surgery

Objective To investigate the changes of body temperature and the effect of nursing intervention in patients with low body mass index (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) during thoracic surgery. Methods Sixty patients with low BMI who underwent thoracic surgery in the Operating Department of the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2016 to December 2018 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. In addition, 30 patients with normal BMI (18.5-23.0 kg/m2) who underwent thoracic surgery in the same period were selected as the normal group. The observation group adopted comprehensive thermal insulation measures during the operation, and the control group and the normal group adopted routine insulation measures. The patient's body temperature of three groups was compared at each time point: entering operation room, disinfection, body cavity exploration , cutting specimens, closing the chest, suture skin and exiting operation time. the occurrence of adverse reactions during surgery, the blood coagulation index and lactic acid in the peripheral blood before and at the end of surgery, and the peripheral blood inflammatory factor levels were also compared. Results There were no significant differences in body temperature between the three groups (P>0.05) . During the operation, the body temperature of the three groups decreased, and the recovery from the chest was restored. There were significant differences in body temperature between the three groups (P 0.05) . The coagulation and stress indexes of the observation group and the control group were significantly different from those of the normal group (P 0.05) . The coagulation, lactic acid and stress indexes of the three groups were significantly different before and after surgery (P<0.05) . There was a statistically significant difference in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels before and after surgery (F=134.241, P< 0.001) ; there was an interaction between the intervention and the time, and the difference was statistically significant (Finteraction=12.202, P<0.001) . There were significant differences between the three groups in the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level group (between group F=7.792, P < 0.001) ; the difference of IL-10 levels before and after surgery was statistically significant (Ftime=112.121, P< 0.001) ; There was an interaction between the intervention and the time, and the difference was not statistically significant (Finteraction=2.990, P=0.055) . Conclusions Compared with patients with normal BMI thoracic surgery, patients with low BMI have abnormal blood coagulation and stress indicators before surgery, and are more likely to have intraoperative blood pressure drop and adverse reactions. Comprehensive intraoperative warming measures can effectively prevent hypothermia in patients with low BMI. Key words: Body mass index; Thoracic surgery; Body temperature; Coagulation function; Stress index

Physiological response of premature infants due to the administration of pseudostem banana nest innovation to the incubator

In this study, innovation of banana pseudostem nest was conducted to assess the physiological response of premature infants due to the provision of pseudostem banana nest innovation in the incubator. This innovation is needed because premature babies need conditions that promote physiological response functions to increase body temperature, gain weight and assess changes in oxygen saturation. Unfortunately, so far there is no temperature stabilizer in the incubator, the incubator is made of electric and heating elements only so that some physical parameters cannot be accommodated with the incubator. Therefore, this paper proposes the innovation of pseudostem banana nest because it has a 400% water absorption level, a higher temperature stabilization on the fibers in commonly used materials. This study measures physiological responses. The research procedure begins with the manufacture of dried banana pseudostem ingredients, making pseudostem banana nest from banana midribs and coated with a cloth shaped like a hand containment. This research uses a quasi-experimental design method with pre-post test control group design. The sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling by consecutive sampling. A sample of 30 preterm infants was divided into 15 control group samples, 15 intervention group samples. Action procedure, the researcher treated the intervention group by placing nest pseudostem banana in the incubator until it surrounded the premature baby for three consecutive days. Measurements were made on parameters of body temperature, weight, oxygen saturation before and after intervention in the control group and intervention group for three consecutive days. The results of this study were obtained significant differences in body temperature, oxygen saturation before and after given nest pseudostem banana with a p-value of 0.001; 0.003. In this study, there were no significant differences in body weight before and after being given nest pseudostem banana with a p-value of 0.837.

Gastrostomy tube placement via a laparotomic procedure in growing conventional piglets to perform multi-dose preclinical paediatric drug studies.

The use of juvenile conventional pigs as a preclinical animal model to perform pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) and safety studies for the paediatric population is increasing. Repetitive oral administration of drugs to juvenile pigs is however challenging. A representative method which can be used from birth till adulthood is necessary. The current study presents the placement and use of a gastrostomy button in pigs with a weight ranging from 2.4 to 161 kg. The surgical placement was performed via a laparotomic procedure on, each time, 12 pigs (six male, six female) of 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6-7 months old. For every age category, eight pigs were part of a PK study with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and four pigs served as a control group. No severe complications were observed during surgery. The button remained functional for 10 days in 40 out of 48 pigs. No significant differences in body temperature or white blood cell count were observed during the trial. Three control pigs showed signs of inflammation indicating a NSAID might be warranted. Autopsy revealed minimal signs of major inflammation in the abdominal cavity or the stomach. A limited number of pigs showed mucosal inflammation, ulcers or abscesses in the stomach or around the fistula. These results indicate that the laparotomic placement of a gastrostomy button might be considered safe and easy in growing pigs to perform repetitive oral dosing preclinical studies. However, the method is not advised in pigs weighing more than 100 kg.

Ocular and Systemic Diurnal Rhythms in Emmetropic and Myopic Adults.

PurposeTo investigate ocular and systemic diurnal rhythms in emmetropic and myopic adults and examine relationships with light exposure.MethodsAdult subjects (n = 42, 22–41 years) underwent measurements every 4 hours for 24 hours, including blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular biometry, and optical coherence tomography imaging. Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) was calculated. Saliva was collected for melatonin and cortisol analysis. Acrophase and amplitude for each parameter were compared between refractive error groups. Subjects wore a light, sleep, and activity monitor for 1 week before measurements.ResultsAll parameters exhibited significant diurnal rhythm (ANOVA, P < 0.05 for all). Choroidal thickness peaked at 2.42 hours, with a diurnal variation of 25.8 ± 13.44 μm. Axial length peaked at 12.96 hours, with a variation of 35.71 ± 6.6 μm. Melatonin peaked at 3.19 hours during the dark period, while cortisol peaked after light onset at 8.86 hours. IOP peaked at 11.24 hours, with a variation of 4.92 ± 1.57 mm Hg, in antiphase with MOPP, which peaked at 22.02 hours. Amplitudes of daily variations were not correlated with light exposure, and rhythms were not significantly different between emmetropes and myopes, except for body temperature and MOPP.ConclusionsDiurnal variations in ocular and systemic parameters were observed in young adults; however, these variations were not associated with habitual light exposure. Emmetropic and myopic refractive error groups showed small but significant differences in body temperature and MOPP, while other ocular and systemic patterns were similar.

Endogenous genetic risk factor for serious heatstroke: the thermolabile phenotype of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II variant.

AimIn serious heatstroke, elevated body temperature (>40°C) is considered the main cause of illness. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) plays an important role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation from long‐chain fatty acids, and its thermolabile phenotype of CPT2 polymorphisms leads to ATP production loss under high fever. Whether by heatstroke or influenza, high fever suppresses mitochondrial ATP production in patients with the thermolabile phenotype of CPT2 polymorphisms. We investigated the relation between CPT2 polymorphism and severity of heatstroke with a body temperature of over 40°C.MethodsWe analyzed blood chemistry test results, Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (JAAM DIC), Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and CPT2 polymorphisms in 24 consecutive patients with severe heatstroke at two university hospitals.ResultsEleven patients carried thermolabile CPT II variants (rs2229291; c.1055T˃G [p.Phe352Cys]) (F352C), and the genotype frequency was greater in heatstroke patients than in healthy volunteers. There was no significant difference in body temperature or blood chemistry data at emergency room arrival between patients with and without the CPT II variants. However, hospital days were longer and initial antithrombin activity was significantly lower in the variant group, suggesting a possible link with early phase vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. The JAAM DIC diagnostic criteria and SOFA scores were also higher in the group. There were no differences in the serum albumin, serum creatine kinase, and fibrin degradation product levels, and platelet counts.ConclusionsIn addition to known risks (e.g., environmental temperature and old age), the CPT II polymorphism [F352C] can be a predisposing genetic risk factor for serious heatstroke with organ disfunction, and lower antithrombin activity.

PLASTIC BAG WRAP FOR PREVENTION OF HYPOTHERMIA IN PRETERM AND LOW-BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Introduction. Hypothermia is low-body temperature (less than 36,5°C) that can caused morbidity and mortality in premature newborn and or low-birth weight newborn. Plastic has often been used to prevent the heat loss in newborn.The aim of study was to measure the effectiveness of plastic bag wrap to prevent hypothermia in preterm and low-birth weight infant. Method. The study design was quasy expertment non randomized pretest-posttest with control group. In intervention group, there were five premature and or low-birth weight newborns that were being wrapped with special design plastic bag from neck to toe after been given neonatal standard care protocol. While, in control group, there were six newborns with the same baseline criteria as intervention group without plastic bag wrap. The measurement of body temperature used digital thermometer on babies’ axilla before and after one-hour intervention. Data analysis used t test. Result. The result showed there was almost significant difference in body temperature in newborn before and after intervention (pvalue 0.056). Discussion. Plastic bag wrap is effective to prevent hypothermia in premature and or low-birth weight newborn as much as 60% with body temperatur changes +0.4°C. Keywords: Plastic Bag Wrap, Hypothermia, Preterm, Low-Birth weight

ALOE VERA BARBADENSIS MILLER AS AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH FEVER

Background: Applying a cooling treatment from outside the body is one way to lower fever in children. Midwives commonly perform a warm water compress in their care, but it is considered less effective. Thus, compress with Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller is proposed in this study as an alternative treatment.&#x0D; Objective: To examine the effect of Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller compress in reducing body temperature in children with fever.&#x0D; Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest with control group design. Forty children were recruited, with twenty of them assigned in each group. Purposive sampling was performed to select the sample. A digital rectal thermometer was used to measure the temperature. Independent t- test and paired test were used for data analysis.&#x0D; Results: Findings showed that the Aloe Vera compress group showed a higher decrease of body temperature compared to the warm water compress group. The difference of body temperature after 20 minutes in the experiment group was 1.435 while in the control group was only 1.085. There were statistically significant differences in body temperature between the experiment and control group (p=0.013).&#x0D; Conclusion: Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller compress is an effective alternative therapy in reducing body temperature in children with fever. It is recommended for midwives to apply this intervention to reduce body temperature significantly.

Tourniquet application after local forearm warming to improve venodilation for peripheral intravenous cannulation in young and middle-aged adults: A single-blind prospective randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLocal forearm warming before tourniquet application is often used to promote venodilation for peripheral intravenous cannulation; however, few studies have compared the effect of tourniquet application with and without local warming on vein size. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of tourniquet application after local forearm warming with that of tourniquet application alone in young and middle-aged adults. DesignA single-blind, prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. SettingA national university in Japan. ParticipantsSeventy-two volunteers aged 20–64 years. MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to one of two groups: tourniquet application for 30s after forearm application of a heat pack warmed to 40°C±2°C for 15min (active warming group; n=36) or tourniquet application for 30s after applying a non-warmed heat pack for 15min (passive warming group; n=36). The primary outcomes were vein cross-sectional area on the forearm, measured after the intervention by blinded research assistants using ultrasound. Secondary outcomes were shortest diameter, and longest diameter of vein on the forearm, forearm skin temperature, body temperature, pulse, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. All outcomes were assessed at the same site before and immediately after the intervention, once per participant. ResultsVein cross-sectional area, shortest vein diameter, and longest vein diameter were significantly increased in the active warming group compared with the passive warming group (p <0.01). Tourniquet application after local warming was superior to tourniquet application alone in increasing vein cross-sectional, shortest diameter, and longest diameter (between-group differences of 2.2mm2, 0.5mm, and 0.5mm, respectively), and in raising skin temperature (between-group difference: 5.2°C). However, there were no significant differences in body temperature, pulse, or systolic or diastolic blood pressure between the groups. There were no adverse events associated with either intervention. ConclusionTourniquet application after local warming was associated with increased forearm vein size when compared with tourniquet application alone, and was demonstrated as being safe. Thus, with demonstrable effects on vein size, we recommend local warming before tourniquet application as a safe and effective technique for improving venodilation.

Effects of microclimate and species identity on body temperature and thermal tolerance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

An increase in temperature as a result of anthropogenic climate change is likely to have a significant impact on ground foraging ants, with species closer to the tropics thought to be at greater risk. However, the use of broad scale climate data rather than data from the microclimates ants inhabit brings into question these estimates. This study assesses the effect of microclimate on the body temperature of the dominant meat ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus (Smith, 1858), and the large bull ant Myrmecia brevinoda (Forel, 1910). The body temperature of these ants was recorded on the woodland floor and on the surface of a nearby log. No significant difference in body temperature was detected between the two species or between microclimates. However, a significant interaction between season and species was detected with post hoc analysis showing that the body temperature of M. brevinoda was higher than that of I. purpureus in summer but lower in winter. In addition, the CTmin and CTmax of nine ant species found in Armidale were determined and their warming tolerance calculated. The ants displayed a wide range of thermal tolerances with Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith, 1858) having the highest CTmax of 48.52°C and Camponotus consobrinus (Erichson, 1842), which had the lowest CTmin of 0.11°C. The body temperatures recorded for deceased I. purpureus and M. brevinoda exposed to the sun exceeded their thermal tolerances, suggesting that these species utilise behavioural or physiological traits not present in deceased ant to regulate body temperature.