Significant Difference In Total Score Research Articles

Palliative care knowledge and self-efficacy: a comparative study between intensive care units and general units nurses

Background and objectivesThe growing number of terminally ill patients has underscored the importance of equipping healthcare workers with adequate palliative care knowledge and self-efficacy. This study aimed to compare the palliative care knowledge and self-efficacy of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) with those in general wards at hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2023.MethodsThis descriptive-comparative cross-sectional study involved nurses from intensive care units and general wards of three hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences, for a total sample size of 300 nurses (150 in each group). The samples were selected using convenience sampling. The data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire, the Palliative Care Knowledge Test (PCKT), and the Palliative Care Self-Efficacy Scale (PCSES). Convenience Sampling method was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and multivariate stepwise regression) were employed. Statistical significance was determined by a p-value of ≤ 0.05.FindingsThe mean score for palliative care knowledge was 10.59 (± 2.10) for nurses in intensive care units and 10.43 (± 2.33) for nurses in general wards, with no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.53). Similarly, the mean score for palliative care self-efficacy was 28.01 (± 10.29) for nurses in intensive care units and 27.98 (± 10.33) for nurses in general wards, with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.98). Variables such as the history of caring for dying patients in the hospital (P = 0.004) or at home (P = 0.01), workplace (P = 0.002), and work experience (P = 0.03) were identified as the main predictors of palliative care knowledge and palliative care self-efficacy was affected by age (P < 0.001), history of participation in palliative care training courses (P = 0.008), and palliative care knowledge score (P = 0.01).Discussion and conclusionThis study revealed no significant difference in total scores of palliative care knowledge or self-efficacy between nurses in intensive care units and general wards It is suggested that more efforts be made to increase the knowledge and self-efficacy of all nurses, especially nurses in ICU departments, till providing a standard palliative care setting.

Evaluating ChatGPT-4’s correctness in patient-focused informing and awareness for atrial fibrillation

BackgroundAs artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, their application in healthcare is expanding. OpenAI’s Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer – version 4 (GPT-4) represents the latest advancement in this technology, capable of engaging in complex dialogues and providing information. ObjectiveThis study explores the correctness of GPT-4 in informing patients about atrial fibrillation. MethodsThis cross-sectional, observational study involved GPT-4 in responding to a structured set of 108 questions across 10 categories related to atrial fibrillation. These categories included basic information, treatment options, lifestyle adjustments, and more, reflecting common patient inquiries. The model's responses were evaluated by a panel of three cardiologists based on accuracy, comprehensiveness, clarity, relevance to clinical practice, and patient safety. The total correctness of GPT-4 was quantitatively assessed through scores assigned in each category, and statistical analysis was conducted to identify significant differences in performance across categories. ResultsGPT-4 provided correct and relevant answers with considerable variability across categories. It excelled in "Lifestyle Adjustments" and "Daily Life and Management" with perfect and near-perfect scores but struggled with "Miscellaneous Concerns" scoring lower. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in total scores across categories (p=0.020). ConclusionOur results suggest that, while GPT-4 is reliable in categories with structured and direct queries, it shows limitations when handling complex medical queries that require in-depth explanations or clinical judgment. GPT-4 demonstrates promising potential as a tool for patient informing in atrial fibrillation, particularly in straightforward informing content.

A cooperative learning intervention for improving a simulation-based paediatric nursing course: A quasi-experimental study

AimThis study aimed to examine if a cooperative intervention improved outcomes for a simulation-based paediatric nursing course. BackgroundFostering cooperative learning can enhance student engagement and improve learning. Simulation-based courses provide nursing students an opportunity to practice and hone nursing skills when hands-on experiences are limited. Providing instruction in cooperative learning could improve course outcomes. DesignA quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test assessments. MethodsThird-year nursing students enrolled in an 18-week paediatric simulation-based nursing course were purposively recruited (N = 110). One class (n = 55) received a researcher-developed cooperative learning program, which encouraged student support during class activities and simulations. The second class (control) received usual class instruction and simulations. The efficacy of the intervention was assessed by comparing mean scores at class enrolment (pre-test) and completion (post-test) for self-perceived problem-solving attitude, cooperative learning experience and knowledge of paediatric nursing. Paired t-tests compared pre-test with post-test scores for the two groups. ANCOVA examined differences in mean scores between groups. Correlations between differences in mean pre-test and post-test subscale scores for problem-solving attitude and cooperative learning experience were also examined. ResultsThere was no significant difference in age or gender between groups. Mean post-test scores on the final exam were significantly higher for students who received the intervention (85.26, 95 % CI 84.19, 86.33) compared with controls (83.61, 95 % CI 82.52, 84.69; F = 4.63, p = 0.034). There were no significant differences in total scores for problem-solving attitude or cooperative learning experience or between groups. For the intervention group, two problem solving subscales were correlated with two cooperative learning subscales: problem solving confidence with learning motivation, respectively (r = 0.302, p = 0.025) and personal control with classroom learning, respectively (r = 0.389, p = 0.003). For the control group, approach-avoidance problem solving was negatively correlated with cooperative learning efficacy (r = −0.343, p = 0.01). ConclusionsCompared with the control group, nursing students who received the cooperative learning intervention had higher scores for knowledge of paediatric nursing, as well as learning motivation and attitude and problem-solving confidence, suggesting that the researcher-designed intervention facilitated simulation-based learning as well as confidence in problem-solving. Nurse educators could easily integrate the intervention into simulation-based paediatric nursing courses to enhance students' problem-solving abilities.

Validation of Serbian version of the LittlEARS® Early Speech Production Questionnaire for the assessment of early language development in typically developing children.

The LittlEARS® Early Speech Production Questionnaire (LEESPQ) was developed to provide professionals with valuable information about children's earliest language development and has been successfully validated in several languages. This study aimed to validate the Serbian version of the LEESPQ in typically developing children and compare the results with validation studies in other languages. The English version of the LEESPQ was back-translated into Serbian. Parents completed the questionnaire in paper or electronic form either during the visit to the paediatric clinic or through personal contact. A total of 206 completed questionnaires were collected. Standardized expected values were calculated using a second-order polynomial model for children up to 18 months of age to create a norm curve for the Serbian language. The results were then used to determine confidence intervals, with the lower limit being the critical limit for typical speech-language development. Finally, the results were compared with German and Canadian English developmental norms. The Serbian LEESPQ version showed high homogeneity (r = .622) and internal consistency (α = .882), indicating that it almost exclusively measures speech production ability. No significant difference in total score was found between male and female infants (U = 4429.500, p = .090), so it can be considered a gender-independent questionnaire. The results of the comparison between Serbian and German (U = 645.500, p = .673) and Serbian and English norm curves (U = 652.000, p = .725) show that the LEESPQ can be applied to different population groups, regardless of linguistic, cultural or sociological differences. The LEESPQ is a valid, age-dependent and gender-independent questionnaire suitable for assessing early speech development in children aged from birth to 18 months.

Evaluation of Clinical Correlation between Insulin Resistance and Antipsychotic Drug Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Treatment with different antipsychotics can lead to various metabolic side effects in patients with psychosis, impacting long-term prognosis. This study aimed to compare the changes and clinical efficacy of insulin resistance in patients treated with olanzapine and ziprasidone. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 patients with schizophrenia. The patients were divided into olanzapine treatment group and ziprasidone treatment group. Parameters including body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), insulin resistance index, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were recorded and compared before and after treatment. BMI, FPG, FPI, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), CHO, TG and LDL in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment (p < 0.05). These parameters were significantly higher in the olanzapine group than in the ziprasidone group (p < 0.05). The level of HDL in both groups was significantly decreased after treatment, and the level of HDL in the olanzapine group was significantly lower than that in the ziprasidone group after treatment (p < 0.05). After treatment, the total score and score of PANSS in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment (p < 0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in total score and PANSS score between both groups (p > 0.05). The incidence of insulin resistance (IR) was significantly higher in the olanzapine group compared to the ziprasidone group (χ2 = 4.021, p < 0.05). In the IR group, BMI, FPG, FPI, TG, and LDL levels were higher than in the non-IR group (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that BMI, FPG, FPI, TG, and LDL were independent risk factors for IR (odd ratio (OR) >1, p < 0.05). Treatment with olanzapine and ziprasidone improves clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, but increases the risk of insulin resistance. The metabolic side effects of olanzapine are more pronounced.

A Study on Phubbing, Differentiation of Self and Contribution in Adolescents

The present study examined the phenomenon of "phubbing" in adolescents and its potential impact on the development of self-concept. The study was conducted with 436 individuals using a convenience sampling method. The results of the analyses indicated that there was a significant difference in the contribution to self and community and the total score of participants who were engaged in voluntary activities, and a significant difference in the family, community and total scores of participants who were engaged in activities with their families. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the total scores of emotional reactivity, self-position, differentiation of self and total scores of self-abstraction, contribution to self, contribution to community and contribution, depending on whether the participants were engaged in an activity that they found enjoyable. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that there was a significant difference in emotional reactivity, family, community and contribution total scores in participants who were engaged in an activity to feel good. This study revealed a partial mediation effect of phubbing between differentiation of self and contribution. The findings of the research were discussed in the context of previous studies and suggestions were made.

(199) The Impact of Body Weight on Sexual Function on Woman

Abstract Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a complex disorder which has an impact on women regardless of their age and race, and related to a variety of biological, psychological, and social determinants. Sexuality impact quality of life through effects on the emotional and psychological health of a woman. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of body weight on sexual function in women. The associations of sexual function with demographic and clinical variables were evaluated. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of comparing female sexual function index in normal weight and obese women. Patients with a diagnosis of benign gynecologic disease who admitted for gynecological surgery at our institution from January 2012 to December 2015 were evaluated. Total 349 women were enrolled in this study and complete the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires. 264 women in normal weight group (body mass index, BMI &amp;lt;25 kg/m2) and 85 women in obese group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) participated. Risk factors for female sexual function were examined using logistic regression models. We used a two-sample t-test and chi-square test for the categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables Results The mean BMIs were 21.6±1.95 (mean±SD, kg/m2) in normal weight group and 27.6±2.56 in obese group (p &amp;lt; 0.001). There were also significant differences in age (mean±SD, 43.3±10.17 vs. 46.9±8.70 years, p = 0.002), parity (mean±SD, 1.5±0.99 vs. 1.9±1.19, p = 0.001), vaginal parity (mean±SD, 1.1±1.06 vs. 1.5±1.38, p = 0.043), marriage status (80.7% vs. 89.4%, p = 0.046) and hypertension (6.1% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.012). There were no differences in postmenopausal status, prior history of pelvic reconstructive surgery and urinary symptoms. In comparison of FSFI scores, there were significant differences in total score and all 6 domain scores (Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, Orgasm, Satisfaction and pain) between normal weight and obese group (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression model for female sexual dysfunction, BMI, menopause and marriage were significantly different. Conclusions This study suggests that obesity has some impact on female sexual function. And menopause and marriage status are also associated with female sexual dysfunction. As obese woman population is increasing, the further study will be needed in a larger subgroup of women with long-term follow up period Disclosure No.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the problem areas in diabetes–pediatric version (PAID-Peds) survey

BackgroundMetabolic control and psychological management of paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can be challenging over time. Development of an instrument to assess the youth-reported burden could aid in preventing T1DM-associated diseases.MethodsThe aim of this study was to translate and validate the Spanish version of the Problem Area in Diabetes Survey–Pediatric version (PAID-Peds). A multicentre, cross-sectional translation and linguistic validation study was performed on a sample of 30 participants aged 8–17 years with a minimum 1-year history of T1DM diagnosed at the Miguel Servet University Hospital in Zaragoza (Aragon, Spain), Ramón y Cajal University Clinical Hospital in Madrid (Spain), and Sant Joan de Déu Hospital in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). The qualitative validation consisted of translation into Spanish and back-translation into English of the Paid-Peds survey and subsequent administration to the sample population. Data were gathered on parameters related to sociodemographic characteristics and metabolic control. Validity, feasibility, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability by means of interclass correlation, and paired samples using the Wilcoxon W-test. The study was approved by the ethics and research committees at each participating centre.ResultsThe study assessed 30 children (46.7% female) with an average age of 13.33 ± 2.98 years; mean age at onset was 5.70 ± 3.62 years, and the mean disease duration was 7.63 ± 4.36 years. The mean score on the PAID-Peds survey was 42.88 ± 17.85. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.90. Test-retest reliability measured by interclass correlation coefficient was 0.8 (95% CI: 0.63–0.90). No significant differences in total scores were found between test and retest (Wilcoxon W-test: 289; p = 0.051).ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the PAID-Peds survey is a feasible, valid, and reliable instrument to assess the youth-perceived burden of T1DM.

The influence of cognitive ability in Chinese reading comprehension: can working memory updating change Chinese primary school students' reading comprehension performance?

With the development of educational cognitive neuroscience, language instruction is no longer perceived as mechanical teaching and learning. Individual cognitive proficiency has been found to play a crucial role in language acquisition, particularly in the realm of reading comprehension. The primary objective of this study was to investigate two key aspects: firstly, to assess the predictive effects of the central executive (CE) on the Chinese reading comprehension scores of Chinese primary school students, and secondly, to explore the influence of CE training on the Chinese reading comprehension performance of Chinese primary school students. Chinese primary school students were recruited as participants. Experiment 1 used a Chinese N-back task, a Chinese Stroop task, and a number-pinyin conversion task to investigate the predictive effect of the CE components on Chinese reading comprehension. Experiment 2, based on the results of Experiment 1, used the Chinese character N-back training to explore the influence of updating training on Chinese reading comprehension. The findings from Experiment 1 underscored that CE had a predictive effect on Chinese reading comprehension scores. And updating had a prominent role in it. Experiment 2 revealed that the experimental group exhibited an enhancement in their updating performance following N-back training. Although the reading comprehension performance of the two groups after training did not produce significant differences in total scores, the experimental group showed maintained and higher microscopic reading comprehension scores than the control group in the more difficult post-test. In summary, this study yields two primary conclusions: (1) CE was able to predict Chinese reading comprehension scores. Updating has an important role in prediction. (2) Updating training enhances students' updating performance and positively influences students' Chinese microscopic reading comprehension performance.

Malay Language Translation and Validation of the Seven-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire [ETDQ-7(M)

INTRODUCTION: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is commonly left unidentified, and clinicians often had to deal with its consequences. Hence, ETD symptoms should be routinely explored to unmask the diagnosis. The seven-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) is a user-friendly and disease-specific instrument introduced by McCoul et al. to assess the severity of ETD symptoms and treatment effectiveness. However, there is no Malay version of ETDQ-7 [ETDQ-7(M)] available for local population. This study aims to translate and validate the ETDQ-7 in Malay language. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ETDQ-7 was translated and culturally adapted into Malay language. 68 adult patients with ETD and 68 healthy patients who served as control completed ETDQ-7(M). It was repeated on patients with ETD after two weeks. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the psychometric properties of ETDQ-7(M). RESULTS: ETDQ-7(M) displayed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.93) which is comparable to the original questionnaire. There was excellent test-retest reliability (r= 0.86 – 0.99). No significant difference in total scores was observed between the first and second evaluations. The mean total score for patients with ETD and control group was 25.8 and 8.4 respectively. Discrimination between ETD and control group using a cut-off point of 13.5, yielded sensitivity and specificity of 100% respectively (area under curve=100%). CONCLUSION: ETDQ-7(M) is a validated questionnaire recommended for use in the management of ETD as a diagnostic tool and in treatment monitoring with excellent reliability and validity.

A prospective randomized controlled study comparing patient-reported scar evaluation of single-port versus multiport laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis.

This study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes and patient-surveyed scar assessments of single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (SPLA) with the outcomes of multiport laparoscopic appendectomy (MPLA). Between August 2014 and November 2017, the prospective randomized study comprised 98 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis and indicated for surgery. Fifty-one patients had MPLA and 47 patients received SPLA. The primary endpoint was the total score of Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) administered to patients 6 weeks after surgery. SPLA involved a shorter median operative time than MPLA (47.5 minutes vs. 60.0 minutes, p = 0.02). There were no apparent differences in the time before diet tolerance, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complication. SPLA patients had shorter total incision length (2.0 cm vs. 2.5 cm, p < 0.01) and required fewer analgesics on the day of surgery than MPLA patients (p = 0.011). The PSAQ favored the SPLA approach, revealing significant differences in total score (48 vs. 55, p = 0.026), appearance (15 vs. 18, p = 0.002), and consciousness (8 vs. 10, p = 0.005), while satisfaction with appearance and symptoms scale did not (p = 0.162 and p = 0.690, respectively). The postoperative scar evaluated by the patient was better with SPLA than with MPLA, and patient satisfaction with the scar was comparable between the two techniques.

The Effects of Project-Based Learning on Students' Scientific Reasoning Abilities and Credibility : A Teachers' Perspective

The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the impact of project-based learning on students' scientific reasoning skills and credence. The study's pre-exam and post-exam model was single group. 40 students from a public-school 8th grade students participated in the study during the spring 2021-2022 school year. The "Scientific Reasoning Exam Skills - SRES" was used to gauge the scientific reasoning abilities of the students before “Life science and Physical Science” course was taught using the research-project based learning approach and the SRES as a final progress check results. The 26 elements in this test are divided into 6 sub-categories Project-based learning is a student-centred approach that promotes active learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving through the exploration of scientific phenomena. This was accomplished in order to have a very solid result which will help schools to re-think in their curriculum design to make it more student-centered rand pee to peer rather than teacher centered. The results of the study's sub-problems can be summarized as follows: according to the sub-categories of proportional thinking, Hypothetical thinking, Probabilistic thinking and correlative thinking a significant difference was found between the SRES pre-exam total scores and post-exam total scores in favor of the pre-exam total scores. According to the sub-dimensions controlling variables and combinational thinking, there was no statistically significant difference in the pre-exam total scores. Between the SRES pre-exam and post-exam total scores of boys and girls students, there was no discernible difference. Only the combinational Thinking and correlative thinking sub-dimension showed a significant difference in the total scores of the SRES sub-dimensions.

Comprehension of fundamental knowledge about pediatric endoscopic surgery: a cross-sectional study in Japan.

Pediatric endoscopic surgery has become an alternative to conventional techniques with the development of medical equipment. However, there is no formal, standardized curriculum for pediatric endoscopic surgery, and its requirement remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to determine the baseline knowledge of pediatric surgeons that is considered essential for pediatric laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery. Sixteen web-based multiple-choice questions based on the fundamental cognitive knowledge of pediatric endoscopic surgery were administered. The questions were created based on the fields covered by the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery ™ (FLS) certification examination blueprints and eight specific diseases of pediatric surgery. Pediatric surgeons and pediatric surgical trainees participated in this study voluntarily. A total of 122 surgeons participated through the Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons. The response rate was 95% (122/128). The total mean examination score of all participants was 79.4% (77.3-81.4%). There were no significant differences in total scores between the board-certified pediatric surgeons without an endoscopic surgical skill qualification and the non-board-certified pediatric surgeons (80.4% vs. 77.1%, p = 0.12). The endoscopic surgical skill-qualified surgeons had significantly higher percentages of correct responses in specific subjects than board-certified pediatric surgeons and surgeons without pediatric board certification (94.3% vs. 82.9%, p = 0.02; 94.3% vs. 77.5%, p = 0.0002). The FLS original subjects' scores were not significantly different among them. The mean score of surgeons who had experienced more than 200 cases of endoscopic surgery, including adult cases, was 83.2% (80.4-85.9%). A knowledge gap exists between surgeons, board-certified pediatric surgeons, and endoscopic surgical skill-qualified surgeons in Japan. In the field of pediatric surgery, an effective formal curriculum, such as FLS, is required to help address this vast knowledge gap for the safe conduct of endoscopic surgeries.

Development and psychometric properties of a measurement to ascertain the impact of genitourinary symptoms on health-related quality of life in menopausal women: the Cervantes-GSM questionnaire.

The Cervantes-GSM questionnaire is a novel tool currently being developed to examine the impact of genitourinary symptoms on health-related quality of life in adult women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). A literature review and cognitive debriefing were conducted in women with GSM, which provided the basis for creating a draft questionnaire. This draft version was pilot-tested to check participant comprehension and ease of completion. The initial draft was then refined to obtain a 15-item version with five domains whose initial psychometric properties were analyzed in 130 adult women with GSM. The psychometric properties tested in this study were factorial structure, feasibility, reliability, and construct validity. The Cervantes-GSM 15-item questionnaire consists of five domains: vulvovaginal symptoms, urinary symptoms, psychological (emotions), interference with daily activities, and sexuality. The instrument was shown to be feasible and easy to complete, regardless of age or educational level. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach α = 0.88). Construct validity was supported by convergent-divergent validity showing higher correlation coefficients between items in their own domain (>0.70) than with the other items and domains in the questionnaire. Cervantes-GSM also showed known group validity with significant differences in total score and most domains (13-20 points, P < 0.01) regardless of whether women chose local treatment of their genitourinary symptoms. This study presents a novel questionnaire capable of assessing health-related quality of life in menopausal women with GSM. The tool has shown acceptable preliminary psychometric properties, including feasibility, factor structure, construct validity, and internal consistency.

Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the sleep-related breathing disorder scale of the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ-SRBD)

Background/objectivesThe incidence of sleep-related breathing disorders is underestimated because polysomnography is required to confirm its diagnosis. The pediatric sleep questionnaire-sleep-related breathing disorder (PSQ-SRBD) scale is a self-reported questionnaire completed by a patient's guardian. There is no validated Arabic version of the PSQ-SRBD that can be used in the Arabic-speaking population. Therefore, we aimed to translate, validate, and culturally adapt the PSQ-SRBD scale. We also aimed to evaluate its psychometric properties for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MethodsThe cross-cultural adaptation method consisted of the following steps: forward-backward translation, appraisal of a sample of 72 children (aged between 2 and 16 years) by an expert group, and performing Cronbach's alpha coefficient testing, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient testing, Wilcoxon signed-rank testing, and sign testing. The reliability of the Arabic version of the PSQ-SRBD scale was assessed using a test-retest comparison, and a factor analysis of the items was used to verify construct validity. For statistical purposes, p-values <0.05 were considered to indicate significance. ResultsAll subscales had adequate internal consistency: 0.799 for snoring and breathing, 0.69 for sleepiness, 0.711 for behavioral problems, and 0.805 for the entire questionnaire. Comparing questionnaire responses administered 2 weeks apart revealed no statistically significant difference in total scores between the two groups (p-values >0.05 by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test for all domains) and also no statistical difference among 20 out of 22 questions independently (p-value >0.05 by sign test). A factor analysis conducted to assess the structure of the Arabic-SRBD scale revealed good correlational patterns. The mean score before surgery was 0.464 ± 0.166, and this changed to 0.185 ± 0.142 after surgery with a reduction of 0.278 ± 0.184 which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). ConclusionThe Arabic version of the PSQ-SRBD scale is a valid tool for the assessment of pediatric OSA patients and can be used to follow-up patients after surgery. Future research will determine this translated questionnaire's applicability.

Juvenile depression as at-risk state for psychotic disorders

To establish the risk of psychotic disorders in juvenile depression and to study the role of negative symptoms in its formation. Seventy-four in-patients (19.6±2.3 years old), who were hospitalized for the first time in the clinic for a depressive episode, were examined. Psychometric scales HDRS, SOPS, SANS were used. The risk of manifestation of psychotic disorders was established in the presence of attenuated positive symptoms (APS) with values of at least one of the points P1, P2, P3 and P4 of the corresponding SOPS subscale more or equal to 3. The overall risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was established in the presence of attenuated negative symptoms (ANS) with values of at least one of the points H1-H6 of the negative SOPS subscale is more than or equal to 5. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 12 program. During the psychometric assessment of patients at admission, four groups were identified based on the presence of APS and ANS: group 1 (APS+ANS), group 2 (APS), group 3 (ANS) and a comparison group without APS/ANS. It was found that the presence of APS and ANS in the structure of depression increased its severity (U=109.0; p=0.009). Assessment of the ANS severity on the negative subscale of SOPS and on the SANS demonstrated quantitative differences with the highest representation of negative symptoms in the corresponding groups (APS+ANS and ANS) with significant differences in total scores in the comparison group (U=93.0; p=0.004 and U=85.0; p=0.002). When studying the structure of negative symptoms according to the SANS subscales, patients with APS differed in a lower degree of severity of negative symptoms only according to the «Avolition-Apathy» subscale (U=141.5; p=0.028). Patients from the comparison group, despite significant differences in other psychopathological symptoms, showed lower values only for the SANS subscales «Affective flattening» (U=112.0; p=0.02) and, to a greater extent, «Avolition-Apathy» (U=84.0; p=0.002). Based on the presence of prodromal symptoms in the structure of juvenile depression and their dynamics during therapy, one can assume not only a different degree of risk of endogenous psychoses, but also their nosological affiliation.

Online Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Critical care Teaching: A Pilot Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of online objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in critical care teaching. Methods: This is a self-controlled prospective study performed in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from 2020 to 2021. Consecutive students came from various surgical departments. Online tests were conducted for each student pre-and post-ICU round. There were three spots in online OSCE including clinical case, electrocardiography and chest X-ray. Results: Twenty-four students completed the tests. The median age is 27 years (24-28) in the cohort. There are 18 males and 6 females. Of twenty-four students, 7 came from department of neurologic or head-neck surgery, 3 from department of thoracic surgery, 12 from department of abdominal surgery, and 2 from others. There was significant difference in scores between pre-round and post-round ICU test in the chest X-ray spot, which was 3.33±4.81 and 6.67±4.81 respectively (P = 0.029). Scores in the postround ICU test in the electrocardiography spot was higher than that in the pre-round test (5.85±5.05 vs. 8.33±3.80)however no significance was reached (P = 0.056). There was no significant difference in the scores between pre-round and post-round ICU test in the clinical case spot (63.33±18.33 vs 71.67 ± 13.07, P = 0.116). Lastly, there were significant differences in total scores between pre-round and post-round ICU test (72.50±19.83 vs 86.67±13.40, P = 0.019). Conclusions: Online OSCE was feasible in the teaching evaluation of surgical rotation residents in ICU. Surgery rotation residents in ICU should receive more training in electrocardiography and chest X-ray.

A double blinded trial to compare the patient satisfaction and crown accuracy of two different intraoral scanners for the fabrication of monolithic lithium disilicate single crowns

Background/PurposeThe digital impression is a promising technique in prosthodontic treatment. However, the influencing factors of patient comfort is lacking, and the evidence of crown quality is mostly based on in vitro studies. The purpose of this double-blinded clinical trial was to compare the patient satisfaction and crown accuracy of two different intraoral scanners (IOSs) for the fabrication of all-ceramic single crowns (SCs). Materials and methodsParticipants in need of posterior tooth-supported SCs were enrolled. Each patient received quadrant scan by both the Metal Industries Research and Development Centre (MIRDC) IOS and Carestream CS3500 in a random sequence. After scanning, participants had to fill in a 6-item perception questionnaire that based on 5-point Likert scale for two IOSs. Both data were sent to a dental laboratory to fabricate the monolithic lithium disilicate SCs. The crown accuracy including marginal fit, proximal contact, occlusal contact, and general satisfaction were accessed based on 5-point scale. ResultsA total of 15 participants with 40 crowns (20 SCs in each group) were investigated. Regarding to patient satisfaction, there was no statistically significant difference in total score between MIRDC and Carestream IOSs (23.6 ± 3.79 vs 23.1 ± 4.28, P = 0.36). In terms of crown accuracy, there was significantly different in total score and all the evaluated parameters between MIRDC and Carestream groups (6.1 ± 1.41 vs 13.3 ± 3.75, P < 0.001). ConclusionBoth MIRDC and Carestream IOSs can provide good patient satisfaction during intraoral scanning. The Carestream IOS obtains better accuracy for the fabrication of all-ceramic SCs.

The Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Instrument (School Version): Development and Initial Psychometrics of a New Interdisciplinary Scale.

This article presents the psychometric properties of the evidence-based practice (EBP) instrument (School Version), a new interdisciplinary measure for understanding and measuring EBP use that can be understood and used across the three professions who provide the most mental health services in schools. The instrument was developed based on theory, review of the literature, expert review (N = 12), pilot study (N = 20), and national study (N = 303). While the measure may have applicability for other groups of mental health providers in other settings, this study focused on the perspectives of mental health providers in schools, specifically school psychologists, school counselors, and social workers. Initial psychometric examination resulted in a 13-item, one factor model and indicated preliminary evidence for strong validity and internal reliability. No significant difference in total score among groups of mental health professionals was found, suggesting similarities of comprehension and application of EBP regardless of professional discipline. This instrument is the only one of its kind and provides a helpful first step towards common language and common goals when conceptualizing what it means for mental health providers to use best practice. Implications for school professionals and future research are offered.

Temporal evolution in quality of life following melphalan percutaneous hepatic perfusion for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.

e21520 Background: Recent studies have demonstrated a clear survival benefit of melphalan percutaneous hepatic perfusion (M-PHP) for liver metastases from ocular melanoma (mUM). Importantly, the survival benefit relating to each treatment cycle must be carefully balanced with changes in patient Quality of Life. We contribute our single centre findings on the temporal change in the quality of life after M-PHP therapy. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the change in quality of life (QoL) using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) with mUM patients receiving M‐PHP at our institutions (n = 13). The FACT-G score which comprises physical (PWB), social (SWB), emotional (EWB) and functional (FWB) wellbeing were measured pre-procedure and at day 1, day of discharge, 7, 14 and 28 days after M-PHP therapy. Paired t-test was used to assess for any significant change in each QoL domain. Results: The baseline FACT-G score was 93.4 out of 108 +/- 14.7 (mean +/- std). Quality of life scoring significantly decreased immediately after the procedure (day 1; 84.8 +/- 13.1, p = 0.01) and gradually improved over time, with no significant difference in total score by the day of discharge; 88.7 +/- 13.7, c.f baseline p = 0.22). By day 28, there was a trend for overall improved QoL (96.6 +/-9.3, p = 0.25). Sub-score analysis revealed that by day 28 there was a statistically significant improvement in EWB (p = 0.02), a trend towards improved scores in PWB and SWB domains. FWB was slightly below baseline by day 28 (23.8 vs 23.2). Conclusions: Quality of life following M-PHP decreases immediately after therapy and is not significantly different from baseline by the day of discharge. By day 28 there is a trend towards improved overall quality of life. This study could provide the basis for determining the optimal time between treatment cycles.