Significant Temperature Differences Research Articles

Design of a Thermoelectric Device for Power Generation through Waste Heat Recovery from Marine Internal Combustion Engines

Modern ships discharge large amounts of energy into the environment. More specifically, internal combustion engines (ICE) of commercial and passenger ships waste significant amounts of thermal energy at high temperature through their exhaust gases that are discharged to the atmosphere. A practical approach of recovering some amount of this energy is by using thermoelectric generator systems, which can convert thermal into electrical energy, given that there is a significant temperature difference. It is the aim of this work to propose a thermoelectric generator to recover energy from the exhaust gases of marine ICEs. The proposed thermoelectric generator uses the outside surface of the ICE manifold as the hot side of the thermoelectric module, while the cold side is maintained at a low temperature through a heat sink and induced water flow. The goal of this work is to design this thermoelectric generator and identify the configuration that produces the maximum electric power. The analysis and design are performed with the use of modeling and simulation, while commercial software is employed to study the 3-dimensional coupled fluid flow and heat transfer at a steady state. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the parameters with the highest influence on power production. In addition to a full factorial sensitivity analysis, the more efficient Latin hypercube sampling is used. The analysis shows that significant energy of the exhaust gases can be converted into electric power with the use of an optimized heatsink, which creates the highest temperature difference between the two sides of the thermoelectric module.

Research of strength and condition of cement-concrete pavement on bridges by non-destructive methods

The article presents the results of determining the strength of non-destructive methods of cement concrete pavement on bridges. According to the results of the research, a differential curve, a reliability curve and the inverse value of the accumulated frequency of compressive strength of cement concrete are constructed. It is established that the cement concrete of the investigated objects corresponds to the strength class according to the normative documents. However, the results of visual, instrumental and thermal imaging inspection of areas on the bridges revealed a number of defects in the cement-concrete pavement and pavement slabs, which can lead to loss of the pavement structure strength. In particular, it was found that the destruction of the inspected reinforced concrete slabs of bridges mainly occurs under the influence of corrosion and loss of the working part volume of the steel reinforcement, unsatisfactory condition of the compensation seams on the supports. It is determined that cracks in reinforced concrete slabs occur due to low resistance of concrete to bending loads, due to which steel reinforcement is exposed to aggressive environments. In turn, it was proved that structural cracks in concrete occurred due to excessive loading, which led to overstrain of the structure, and non-structural cracks - due to internal stresses caused by thermal loads and various linear expansions of materials. Thermal imaging study revealed a significant difference in temperature in the pavement structural elements, which in the future leads to the destruction of cement-concrete pavement. It was found that the peeling of the protective layer of metal reinforcement on the studied bridges is caused by the phenomenon of electro-chemical corrosion.
 The experience analysis of cement-concrete pavement of the studied objects allows to prepare proposals for the construction of cement-concrete pavement of bridges and overpasses using modern materials, in particular, non-metallic reinforcement.

Influences of gas permeation with adsorption effect on the transient thermal insulation performance of silica aerogel at pressure and temperature differences

Silica aerogel is a thermal protective material for an outer space launch under aerodynamic heating, significant temperature difference, and pressure gradient conditions. This paper proposes a gas permeation model by considering the gas adsorption effect for silica aerogel under pressure differences. The gas (N2) adsorption behavior of silica aerogel is simulated by the grand canonical Monte Carlo method. This simulation provides the concentration of the adsorbate gas layer and the average thickness of adsorbate gas in the nanopore. An unsteady-state heat transfer model within silica aerogel, coupling with the acquired gas diffusion effect, heat conduction, and thermal radiation, is developed to study the thermal insulation performance. The gas permeation with the gas adsorption inside silica aerogel exerts a prominent influence on the dynamic temperature response of the hot surface. At the temperature of 77–90 K, the gas adsorption has a remarkable impact on the gas permeation within silica aerogel, which would finally affect the energy migration. The order of the coefficient changes from 10−14 to 10−10 m2. In contrast, the adsorption effect is negligible at the temperature of 298–1300 K. When the gas diffusion and heat transfer directions are opposite, gas diffusion will impede heat transfer, and thus the thermal insulation performance will be improved up to 88.94% and 25.65% at unsteady- and steady-state, respectively.

Does Radial Artery Cannulation Affect the Perfusion of the Dominant Hand in Adult Patients with Normal Modified Allen's Test Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries? Data Derived from the Peripheral Perfusion Index

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of radial artery cannulation on hand perfusion in patients with normal modified Allen's test undergoing cardiac surgeries using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Prospective follow-up study. Single institution, Assiut University Cardiothoracic Hospital. Forty-nine patients who underwent cardiac surgeries using cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled. Cannulation of radial artery in the dominant hand using a 20-gauge catheter. The primary outcomes were the mean peripheral perfusion index (PPI) >60 seconds (mean PPI60) and the thumb temperature, which were measured at different times before and during the surgery. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean PPI60 between both hands (p=0.033). Before skin incision, the mean PPI60 was significantly higher in the noncannulated hand (p < 0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the thumb temperature between both hands (p=0.013). At low core body temperature, the thumb temperature was significantly lower in the noncannulated hand (p=0.017). In adult patients undergoing cardiac surgeries using CPB, even with normal modified Allen's test, radial artery cannulation may affect the perfusion of the dominant hand, especially at low arterial blood pressure or low core body temperature. Since the PPI is one of the noninvasive methods used for intraoperative assessment of the peripheral perfusion, the authors recommend the use of the noncannulated hand for this purpose to not misguide this assessment.

Simulations of DNA denaturation dynamics under constrained conditions

We study the dynamics of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) denaturation using Brownian dynamics simulations. We use a coarse-grained single nucleotide model for dsDNA which considers the helix structure. We compare the melting dynamics for free DNA of length 300 base pairs with that of a DNA of the same length but fixed from one end—mimicking DNA tethered to a substrate. We find that free DNA melts at faster rate because the entropic gain associated with denaturation is larger. Additionally, we insert the DNA in nanochannels of different widths to study the influence of the confinement on the melting dynamics. Our results suggest that there is no significant difference in the critical temperature or rate of melting when the channel width , where R g is the radius of gyration of DNA. Instead, at channel width of R g/4 we only see partial denaturation at the free DNA melting temperature. Surprisingly, this trend is reversed at higher temperature, and we find that at 110 °C tight confinement results in faster melting. This is due to the fact that confinement promotes segregation of the single-stranded segment, thereby acting as an effective entropic force aiding denaturation.

Thermal Insulation Performance of SiC-Doped Silica Aerogels under Large Temperature and Air Pressure Differences.

Silica aerogel composite is an excellent thermal insulator for spacecraft under high-temperature and complex air environments. This study intends to evaluate SiC-doped silica aerogel’s thermal insulation performance under large temperature and air pressure differences. In this paper, the hot surface’s temperature response of SiC-doped silica aerogel with different content was studied at significant temperature differences (ΔT) when pressure changes instantaneously. Their thermal insulation performance was evaluated by analyzing the influence of pressure gradients on the unsteady-state heat transfer. When the cold surface’s temperature of the specimen keeps constant at 15 °C and ΔT = 171~912 K, the results demonstrate that the correlative thermal conductivities of silica aerogel with 1% and 5.84% SiC are 0.02223~0.04077 W·m−1·K−1 at P ≈ 10 Pa and 0.03165~0.04665 W·m−1·K−1 at P = 1 atm, respectively. The aerogel composite with 0% SiC showed the best thermal insulation performance at ΔT < 200 K and P ≈ 10 Pa, while the aerogel with 5.84% SiC became the best at ΔT > 700 K and P = 1 atm. In addition, the transient pressure decreases will significantly impair the heat transfer of the gas inside the aerogel, thereby weakening the gaseous thermal conductivity and improving the thermal insulation performance.

Effects of nest-box environment on fledgling success rate and pathogen load.

Nest boxes have been used for many decades as tools for conservation and to study avian population dynamics. Plastic is increasingly used as a material for nest boxes, but no studies have investigated effects of this different material. Two consecutive studies were conducted to investigate effects of nest-box environment on nidicolous parasites, bacteria and fungi, as well as nest success, in blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus and great tits Parus major. The first compared microclimate and parasite and pathogen load in plastic and wooden nest boxes. The second tested the nest protection hypothesis – that birds naturally incorporate aromatic herbs into nests to decrease nest parasites and pathogens – by comparing parasite and pathogen load in plastic nest boxes to which aromatic or non-aromatic plant material was added. No significant difference in nest-box temperature or relative humidity was found between plastic and wooden boxes. Wooden boxes, however, contained 30-fold higher numbers of fleas and a higher total bacterial load on chicks. Fledging success for blue tit broods was significantly higher in wooden boxes. Parasites and bacteria did not decrease by the inclusion of aromatic herbs. The results increase the evidence base for nest-box design in support of plastic, which can provide an appropriate alternative nest-box material to wood, with apparently no difference in microclimate and no increase in the load of measured parasites and pathogens.

DWI-based MR thermometry: could it discriminate Alzheimer’s disease from mild cognitive impairment and healthy subjects?

The aim of this study is to compare lateral ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) temperature of the patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy subjects (HS) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry. Seventy-two patients (37 AD, 19 MCI, 16 HS) who underwent 3-T MR examination from September 2018 to August 2019 were included in this study. Smoking habits, education level, disease duration, and comorbidity status were recorded. Patients were assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score. Brain temperatures were measured using DWI-based MR thermometry. Group comparisons of brain temperature were performed using the Pearson chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Further analysis was performed using the post hoc Bonferroni test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis wasalso used. A CDR score of 0.5, 1, and 2 was 2 (5.4%), 14 (37.8%), and 21 (56.8%) in AD, respectively. The median MMSE score had significant differences among groups and also in pairwise comparisons. The median CSF temperature (°C) values showed statistically significant difference among groups (HS: 38.5°C, MCI: 38.17°C, AD: 38.0°C). The post hoc Mann-Whitney U test indicated a significant difference between AD patients and HS (p = 0.009). There were no significant CSF temperature differences in other pairwise comparisons. Lower CSF temperatures were observed in AD patients than in HS, probably due to decreased brain metabolism in AD. DWI-based MR thermometry as a noninvasive imaging method enabling the measurement of CSF temperatures may contribute to the diagnosis of AD.

Comparative studies of physico-chemical parameters and Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) of Choba and Iwofe axis of the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.

Monitoring physicochemical parameters is important in water quality management. This study examined some physicochemical parameters of the Choba and Iwofe axis of the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta relative to anthropogenic activities in the area. Both in situ and laboratory analysis of the water samples were done. Data analysis was also done using the SPSS version 25 and results compared with regulatory standards. Temperature was highest at Iwofe (stn. 4), 28.24 oC; Choba (stn. 1) was more acidic, pH 5.57; stations at Iwofe had highest electrical conductivity with a value of 613.68 µS/cm; nitrate was above permissible limits across the study area, with an average value of 15.83 mg/l; sulphate was below permissible limits across stations, with an average value of 19.24 mg/l; Iwofe (stn. 3) was the most turbid, with a value of 62.7 NTU; chloride was below permissible limits, with an average value of 47.88 mg/l; phosphate exceeded permissible limits, with an average value of 2.35 mg/l; while THC values at three stations had an average of 0.9 mg/l. The result showed a statistically significant difference in temperature, Conductivity, turbidity, nitrate and sulphate across the study area (p&lt;0.05) while values of pH, chloride and phosphate did not differ significantly (p&gt;0.05) between the stations examined. The study concluded that there was an imbalance in the levels of physicochemical parameters of the water bodies studied when compared with regulatory limits of WHO. These inconsistences were attributed to the introduction of extraneous materials into the water bodies due to human activities, emphasizing the need for proper waste management practices in these areas.

Designing Automatic Temperature Measuring Device for Covid-19

The COVID-19 virus pandemic has changed people’s daily habits. It increases public awareness of health protocol, especially in public places. One of the most common methods to detect Covid-19 is to check the body temperature. Currently, visitors are required to do a body check temperature with a thermometer gun or a thermal camera before they can enter public places. However, a thermometer gun measurement needs to be done close to the subject, therefore risking the operator from being exposed to the virus. On the other hand, a thermal camera can solve this problem, but it is quite expensive. This study aims to create an alternative for temperature measuring devices that can be connected to the wi-fi, therefore, allowing the temperature measuring devices to be used in large quantities while only monitored by one user. The product design process in this study used the quality function deployment (QFD) method. The House of Quality and parts deployment matrix were developed as the basis for making the concept. Several product concepts were made with the help of a morphological chart. The selected concept was then created and tested to ensure the product can be operated properly. After the product was tested and worked well, the product accuracy was then compared with the accuracy of a thermometer gun. The data from the test were processed with the paired t-test method using the minitab application. From the paired t-test it was found that there was no significant temperature difference between the temperature data gathered from the thermometer gun and from the product.

Climate Chamber Experiment Study on the Association of Turning off Air Conditioning with Human Thermal Sensation and Skin Temperature

To date, few attempts have been made to associate air conditioning behavior with environmental conditions and the occupants’ thermal sensations and physiological states simultaneously. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted in a climate chamber environment, representative of a typical intermittent air conditioning process in residences. For 29 participants, local skin temperatures, thermal sensation and the participants’ intention of turning off air conditioning were recorded continually. Skin temperature and thermal sensation were found to keep decreasing over time, which in turn triggered turning off air conditioning. It is also noted that participants reported different thermal sensations when they intended to turn off air conditioning. However, there was no statistically significant difference in skin temperature of exposed body parts such as foot and calf. Additionally, given the ambient set temperature, the probability of turning off air conditioning exponentially increased with the increasing air conditioning duration. Accordingly, from a physiological perspective, the occupants’ behavior of turning off air conditioning was largely dependent on the local skin temperature of exposed body parts. From an environmental perspective, air conditioning duration demonstrated influences on the air conditioner switch-off. The lower the ambient temperature or the longer the exposure to air conditioning environment, the stronger the intention of the participants to turn off air conditioning.

The distributed temperature abatement by the phase changing materials for battery in electric tools and its influence on aging

Battery thermal management system is of great importance, and there are numerous methods at present. Due to spatial efficiency, phase-change materials are particularly welcomed in applying electric tools where extremely high current (10–15 C) and temperature (40 °C) are typical. However, the C-rate and environmental temperature in many studies are not large enough to meet this need. In this study, Samsung 18,650 20R NCM batteries with wrapping storage materials are taken as the research object. This study explores the temperature distribution from the battery core to the surface at high environmental temperature (40 °C) and large discharging current (15 C). The proposed model and its predicted temperature results are validated with experimental data. The results indicate that the full-discharged battery's surface temperature decreases by 18.60 °C compared with the naked battery (103.78 °C) when 2 mm PCMs are applied (85.17 °C). In contrast, the core temperature reduction is much lower, only from 139.70 °C to 133.29 °C, causing the radical temperature difference to rise from 35.92 °C to 48.12 °C. The significant temperature difference and high internal temperature are that the heat generation rate exceeds the rate of heat conductivity at high temperatures and large currents. The study further evaluates the effects of internal high temperature on the battery lifetime at electric tools' working conditions. The single discharge capacity of batteries with 2 mm PCMs is approximately 80–100 % more than that of the naked batteries, while the capacity of the former fades 90–250 % faster than the latter.

Influence of gender, age and BMI on human physiological response and thermal sensation for transient indoor environments with displacement ventilation

Thermophysiological comfort models allow the prediction of subjective thermal sensation for transient and inhomogeneous boundary conditions for a defined validation range. However, their validation ranges are relatively limited due to only low availability of high quality experimental measurement data. The present work aims to provide a high-resolution and well-documented data set to develop and validate scalable modeling approaches. Therefore, a 300 min test study with a total of 48 subjects is conducted in the climate test bench “Aachen Comfort Cube” (ACCu). We varied the mean temperature from 18 °C to 28 °C and back to 18 °C. We use the experiments to analyze differences with regard to the physiological parameters of gender, age and body-mass-index (BMI). For this purpose, core body and skin temperatures at 25 positions are recorded and related to local and global subjective evaluations. The results show different statistical differences in skin temperature and thermal sensation depending on the subgroup parameters and boundary conditions. These findings are mostly in agreement with general findings of existing literature. However, a significant difference in local skin temperature does not consequently lead to differences for local thermal sensation. Additionally, for nearly equal local skin temperatures significant difference in local thermal sensation can be found. BMI respectively body fat percentage seems so be the most influencing parameter on physiological responses due to lower thermal conductivity of fat tissue layer. These results highlight the need for separate scaling of physiological and psychological submodels regarding individualization approaches. The available data allow such an approach.

Predicting annual illuminance and operative temperature in residential buildings using artificial neural networks

Simulation-based multi-objective optimizations is proving to be an effective approach for supporting the building design and finding a balance between daylight availability, thermal comfort and energy performance. This article investigates the potential for applying ANNs to predict both annual daylight illuminance and operative temperature, in order to reduce the overall simulation time. The main findings from deploying a simulation model is the importance of multi sensor-node calculations including long- and shortwave radiation for operative temperature. Operative temperature is usually calculated for the room center, in contrast to daylight where illuminance is calculated for a grid of sensor-nodes. The results show a significant difference in operative temperature at different locations in the room where shortwave radiation has greatest impact on the results. It is therefore important to address operative temperature in the same way as daylight illuminance, using a grid of sensor-nodes when exploring multi-objective optimization performance. However, these calculations are computational demanding and increase simulation time by 2000%. A fully connected neural network is developed with five hidden layers and five different neuron structures. In general, the ANN models are showing promising results which may be integrated in a multi-objective design workflow. The results show significant time saving potential by implementing ANNs. The overall time is reduced by 96% by using ANN models for predicting annual temperature and illuminance values.

Characterization of Baseline Temperature Characteristics Using Thermography in The Clinical Setting.

Thermography is a diagnostic method based on the ability to record infrared radiation emitted by the skin and is unique in its ability to accurately show physiological and/or pathological cutaneous temperature changes in a non-invasive way. This method can be used to indirectly assess changes or impairments in cutaneous perfusion. Significant technological advancements have allowed thermography to be more commonly utilized by clinicians, yet a basic consensus of patient characteristics that may affect temperature recordings is not established. We evaluated cutaneous temperature in a cohort of outpatients to understand what factors, including tobacco use and other high-risk characteristics, contribute to cutaneous tissue perfusion as measured by thermography. Participants were prospectively enrolled if they were a combustible cigarette smoker, an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) user, or a never smoker. Standardized thermographic images of the subject's facial profiles, forearms, and calves were taken and demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, and tobacco product use were assessed. These variables were statistically tested for associations with temperature at each anatomic site. We found that gender had a significant effect on thermographic temperature that differed by anatomic site, and we found a lack of significant difference in thermographic temperature by race. Our regression analysis did not support significant differences in thermographic temperatures across smoking groups, while there was a trend for decreased perfusion in smokers relative to non-smokers and e-cigarette users relative to non-smokers. Thermographic imaging is a useful tool for clinical and research use with consideration of sex and other perfusion-affecting characteristics.

Morpho-Physiological, Yield, and Transgenerational Seed Germination Responses of Soybean to Temperature.

Temperature is the primary factor affecting the morpho-physiological, developmental, and yield attributes of soybean. Despite several temperature and soybean studies, functional relationships between temperature and soybean physiology and yield components are limited. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum temperature for soybean gas exchange and yield components using indeterminate (Asgrow AG5332, AG) and determinate (Progeny P5333 RY, PR) growth habit cultivars. Plants grown outdoors were exposed to 5 day/night temperature treatments, 21/13, 25/17, 29/21, 33/25, and 37°C/29°C, from flowering to maturity using the sunlit plant growth chambers. Significant temperature and cultivar differences were recorded among all measured parameters. Gas exchange parameters declined with increasing temperature treatments during the mid-pod filling stage, and quadratic functions best described the response. The optimum temperature for soybean pod weight, number, and seed number was higher for AG than PR, indicating greater high-temperature tolerance. Soybean exposed to warmer parental temperature (37°C/29°C) during pod filling decreased significantly the transgenerational seed germination when incubated at 18, 28, and 38°C. Our findings suggest that the impact of temperature during soybean development is transferable. The warmer temperature has adverse transgenerational effects on seed germination ability. Thus, developing soybean genotypes tolerant to high temperatures will help growers to produce high-yielding and quality beans. The quantified temperature, soybean physiology, and yield components-dependent functional algorithms would be helpful to develop adaptation strategies to offset the impacts of extreme temperature events associated with future climate change.

Effect of Different Storage Temperatures on Degree of polymerization of Tetric Evoceram Bulk Fill Composite resin (An in vitro study)

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effects of different storage temperatures -18°C, 5°C, 23°C and 40°C on degree of conversion of bulk fill composite. Materials and Methods: The tetric evoceram was randomly allocated into four equal treatment groups (n=10/group) according to the storage temperatures: A: 23°C (control), B: 5°C, C: -18°C and D: preheated to 40°C. After the material removal from storage. The forty-disc shape specimens were prepared with 8mm diameter and 4mm thickness all specimens cure with monowave LED light (LEDition light cure). After photoactivation, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours, at 37°C for complete polymerization. The degree of conversion of the top and bottom surface of composite resin specimens were determined after 24 hours of curing using FTIR-ATR. Results: There was a significant difference in different storage temperatures on degree of conversion. As the temperature of resin composite increase, the top and bottom degree of conversion of the specimens also increased. Conclusions: The degree of conversion of bulk-fill composite resin increase as the increase of pre-cure temperatures.

Glutaraldehyde fixation of venous valve tissue: A benchmark for alternative fixation methods.

Bioprosthetic venous valves have yet to achieve long-term patency due to issues with calcification following implantation that is influenced by current xenograft fixation methods, most notably glutaraldehyde. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of glutaraldehyde fixation on the functional properties of venous tissue to establish a benchmark for the evaluation of alternative fixation methods. The degree of crosslinking was evaluated by determining shrink temperature and the stability of tissue with pronase and collagenase digestion. Glutaraldehyde fixation of venous tissue was confirmed by a significant difference in the shrink temperature between fresh and glutaraldehyde treated samples. Significant differences in the amount of tissue remaining following digestion were observed for venous versus cardiac tissue. This study demonstrates the importance of tissue-specific evaluation in the development of alternative xenograft fixation methods to improve outcomes with bioprosthetic venous valves.

Study on the applicability of asphalt concrete skeleton in the semi-flexible pavement

This study formed the semi-flexible pavement (SFP) based on five different gradation types of asphalt concrete skeleton. The basic properties of these five kinds of asphalt concrete skeletons and the volume stability, mesostructure characteristics, high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance, water stability, and strength characteristics of the formed SFP were tested and evaluated. We observed that the continuous gradation asphalt concrete skeleton with the minor air void and the most dispersed air void has better volume stability and high-temperature performance. SFP formed by single-particle size gradation asphalt concrete skeleton has better high-temperature and water stability. The low-temperature crack resistance of SFP with continuous gradation asphalt concrete skeleton is better than other SFP. The higher the cement content and the more concentrated the distribution, the more stable the strength and strength composition of SFP at different temperatures. The high-temperature stability and low-temperature crack resistance of SFP are the most affected by the average area of single aggregate (AS) on the cross-section of asphalt concrete skeleton, and the water stability of SFP is the most affected by the total area of all aggregates (AA) on the cross-section. The research results show that continuous gradation has better applicability in areas with a significant temperature difference between four seasons but less rainfall. The single-particle size gradation is suitable for the area with slight temperature difference and high temperature and rain in summer, but not for the cold area.

Physiological response of dairy goats in tropical climates: A study in Tadukan Raga Village, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra

The physiological response can be an indicator of livestock health status related to the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the physiological response of dairy goats kept in Deli Serdang Regency. A total of 93 PE goats were used and their physiological responses were assessed by measuring rectal temperature, heart, and respiration rate at different ages, body weights, and pregnancy statuses. Subsequently, statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out with T-Test using SPSS version 21.0. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in goat rectal temperature (39.0, 39.0, 38.9, and 39.0, respectively). Similarly, heart and respiration rates at various ages did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). The body weights (20-29, 30-39, and 40-50kg) did not show significant differences in heart rate (P>0.05) at 72, 69.6, and 73.2 beats/minute. The physiological response of rectal temperature and respiration rate also did not show any difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the respiratory rate of pregnant and non­pregnant goats (p>0.05), which were 42.9 and 42.9 breaths/minute, respectively. It was concluded that dairy goats in Tandukan Raga Village, Deli Serdang Regency did not show different physiological responses such as rectal temperature, heart and respiration rate despite differences in age, weight, and pregnancy status.