Significant Differences In Self-efficacy Research Articles

The differences in self-efficacy in career decision-making and decision-making styles among secondary school students with different patterns of family attachment

The decision on the choice of profession is one of the most important life decisions, which is influenced by many factors. One of them which has a very important role is the family. The aim of this study is to examine whether there are differences in self-efficacy in career decision-making and decision-making styles among secondary school students who have different patterns of family attachment, as well as to determine whether self-efficacy in making career decisions can be predicted on the basis of different decision-making styles. The study included 216 fourth-year secondary school students, 39% of boys and 61% of girls. The questionnaire PAVb, made by Brenen and associates and modified by Kamenov and Jelic, was used for the evaluation of family attachment. Decision-making styles were operationalized through the scale of General Decision Making Styles Questionnaire by Scott and Bruce, while a shortened version of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale, made by Betz et al., was used for measuring self-efficacy in making career decisions. The research results have shown that there are no significant differences in self-efficacy in making career decisions regarding the patterns of family attachment. However, there are significant differences in the styles of decision-making. The rational style is the most dominant among the students who have a secure form of family attachment, the avoidant style is characteristic of those with the occupied form, while the spontaneous style is most commonly used by the students who have the fearful form of family attachment. The results suggest that 31% of the variance of self-efficacy in making career decisions can be explained based on decision-making styles. The rational and intuitive styles of decision-making are positive predictors, while the dependent and avoidant styles are negative predictors of self-efficacy in making career decisions.

시뮬레이션 후 구조화된 자가 디브리핑이 간호대학생의 임상수행능력, 자기효능감 및 교육 만족도에 미치는 효과

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of structured self-debriefing using 3S models on the clinical competency, self-efficacy, and educational satisfaction in nursing students after simulation. Methods:For this study, 76 third-year undergraduate nursing students from S university were invited. They were divided into two groups, which consisted of a self-debriefing (SDG=41) group and an instructor-led debriefing group (ILDG=35). Collected data was analyzed using Chi-square, t-test, and an independent t-test with the PASW statistics 18.0 for Windows Program. Results Clinical competency was generally high in the SDG, and statistically significant differences between the SDG and the ILDG occurred after simulations 3, 4, and 5. There were no statistically significant differences in self-efficacy and educational satisfaction between the SDG and the ILDG. However, educational satisfaction in the SDG was slightly higher, while self-efficacy was low compared to the ILDG. Conclusion The results indicate that the method of structured self-debriefing using a 3S model can be effective in improving clinical competency. Further studies need to be investigated. Keywords: Patient simulation, Nursing students, Competency, Self-efficacy, Satisfaction 주요어: ì‹œë®¬ë ˆì´ì ˜, 간호대학생, ìž„ìƒìˆ˜í–‰ëŠ¥ë ¥, 자기효능감, 만족도

Comparing effects in regular practice of e-communication and Web-based self-management support among breast cancer patients: preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundWhile Web-based interventions have been shown to assist a wide range of patients successfully in managing their illness, few studies have examined the relative contribution of different Web-based components to improve outcomes. Further efficacy trials are needed to test the effects of Web support when offered as a part of routine care.ObjectiveOur aim was to compare in regular care the effects of (1) an Internet-based patient provider communication service (IPPC), (2) WebChoice, a Web-based illness management system for breast cancer patients (IPPC included), and (3) usual care on symptom distress, anxiety, depression, (primary outcomes), and self-efficacy (secondary outcome). This study reports preliminary findings from 6 months’ follow-up data in a 12-month trial.MethodsWe recruited 167 patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing treatment from three Norwegian hospitals. The nurse-administered IPPC allowed patients to send secure e-messages to and receive e-messages from health care personnel at the hospital where they were treated. In addition to the IPPC, WebChoice contains components for symptom monitoring, tailored information and self-management support, a diary, and communication with other patients. A total of 20 care providers (11 nurses, 6 physicians, and 3 social workers) were trained to answer questions from patients. Outcomes were measured with questionnaires at study entry and at study months 2, 4, and 6. Linear mixed models for repeated measures were fitted to compare effects on outcomes over time.ResultsPatients were randomly assigned to the WebChoice group (n=64), the IPPC group (n=45), or the usual care group (n=58). Response rates to questionnaires were 73.7% (123/167) at 2 months, 65.9 (110/167) at 4 months, and 62.3% (104/167) at 6 months. Attrition was similar in all study groups. Among those with access to WebChoice, 64% (41/64) logged on more than once and 39% (25/64) sent e-messages to care providers. In the IPPC group, 40% (18/45) sent e-messages. Linear mixed models analyses revealed that the WebChoice group reported significantly lower symptom distress (mean difference 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.25, P=.001), anxiety (mean difference 0.79, 95% CI 0.09-1.49, P=.03), and depression (mean difference 0.79, 95% CI 0.09-1.49, P=.03) compared with the usual care group. The IPPC group reported significant lower depression scores compared with the usual care group (mean difference 0.69, 95% CI 0.05-1.32, P=.03), but no differences were observed for symptom distress or anxiety. No significant differences in self-efficacy were found among the study groups.ConclusionsIn spite of practice variations and moderate use of the interventions, our results suggest that offering Web support as part of regular care can be a powerful tool to help patients manage their illness. Our finding that a nurse-administered IPPC alone can significantly reduce depression is particularly promising. However, the multicomponent intervention WebChoice had additional positive effects.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov:NCT00971009; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00971009 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6USKezP0Y).

Correlation analysis of the early maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and social support in Yanbian area

Objective To describe the general demographic characteristics of the breastfeeding self -efficacy, the differences in social support and study their correlation .Methods Convenience selection method was adopted from August to December , 2012 , and 154 cases joined the study .Research tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire , the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale , and the Social Support Scale . SPSS 17.0 was used for data analysis .Results The new mothers in different general demographic characteristics had no significant differences in self-efficacy （P>0.05）.The scores of social support of new mothers with middle school education background , junior college background and university background were （39.34 ±177;4.17）, （42.16 ±177;5.55） and （46.85 ±177;4.96）, respectively.The difference was significant （F=13.940, P<0.01）.The scores of social support of new mothers with different working situations was significant different （ t =2.253, P <0.05）.The mean score of breastfeeding self-efficacy and social support of new mothers were （110.71 ±177;19.53） and （42.73 ±177;5.73）, respectively, with a positive correlation （r=0.235, P<0.01）.The total score of social support and the score of skills and mental activity , and the scores of subjective feeling of social support and self-efficacy and the score of mental activity had a positive correlation （r=0.231, 0.243, 0.244, 0.230, respectively; P<0.01）.Conclusions The early maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scores are high and the social support is in good condition .Both the Han and the Korean new mothers have gained an excellent self-efficacy. Key words: New mother; Breastfeeding; Self-efficacy; Social support

The Effectiveness of Hyperlipidemia Prevention Intervention Designed to Affect Behavior Change: Focus on Changes in Health Behavior

Hyperlipidemia prevention intervention for behavior change was conducted on subjects in their 30s and 40s to evaluate changes in health behavior and investigate the effectiveness of these changes, with respect to early prevention and improvement of disease. Subjects were middle-aged individuals aged 30 - 49, suffering from serum lipid abnormalities. Intervention designed to affect behavior change was implemented for 3 weeks in 11 employees (nine males, two females) at five workplaces. Intervention mainly consisted of improving self-efficacy. The study’s purpose was explained and the written consent was obtained from subjects. Subjects filled questionnaires (characteristics, history of present illness, health behavior, self-efficacy scale for prevention of hyperlipidemia, etc.) both before and after intervention. Subjects recorded their physical activity using accelerometers and dietary intake photographically. Each subject created realistic behavior goals and recorded their progress using self-monitoring charts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; therefore, pre- and post-intervention data were compared. Physical activity and achievement rate of goals during the first week and over the next 2 - 3 weeks were compared. Health behavior scores showed modification of behavior in a desirable direction after intervention compared with those before intervention. No significant difference in self-efficacy before and after intervention was observed. However, the subscale for diet was significantly higher after intervention compared with that before intervention. Steps, total calories, and activity calories were increased in the second and third weeks compared with those in the first week. Three weeks of intervention resulted in health behavior changing in a desirable direction. We infer that intervention in the form of self-monitoring using accelerometers that make physical activity visible was effective in leading to behavior change.

Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy of School Teachers

Emotional intelligence is important in schools and organizations in which group work is required. Emotional intelligence enables individuals to understand and control their feelings and emotions, understand others’ feelings and emotions have empathy, raise motivation and self confidence. Self-efficacy is a belief that one has the capabilities to execute the courses of actions required to manage prospective situations. The present study explored the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of school teachers. 260 teachers from different schools in Kerala District were selected through stratified random sampling. Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of teachers were assessed using appropriate tools. The result showed that there is a significant difference between government and private school teachers in certain dimensions of emotional intelligence. There is no significant difference in self-efficacy of teachers. Also, it is found that emotional intelligence and self efficacy are significantly related to each other. The findings and implications are discussed in this article.

The effect of home-based cardiac rehabilitation program on self efficacy of patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation center

BackgroundThe prevalence of coronary heart disease is increasing worldwide contributing to mortality and morbidity of millions of people. Cardiac rehabilitation is an interdisciplinary activity with the aim of facilitating and improving the physical, psychological and emotional state of the patients with cardiac complications. This study aimed to evaluate the probable positive effects of continuing cardiac rehabilitation programs at home on self-efficacy of the patients with cardiac complications.MethodIn a randomized controlled trial, 80 patients referred to rehabilitation center from Feb 2009 to Jan 2010 were randomly divided into case and control groups. Both groups received routine cardiac rehabilitation programs in the rehabilitation center. In addition, the case group received education and practical training in various rehabilitation measures along with home visits of a community health nurse throughout the follow-up period. General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) was used to assess self-efficacy between two groups at baseline and follow-up periods. Collected data from GSES questionnaires were analyzed using Minitab software and repeated measurement analysis model.ResultsNo first time (before beginning of rehabilitation program) GESE differences were observed between case (26.36 ± 0.84) and control (28.53 ± 0.54) groups (P = 0.44). In the final measurement, GESE in case group was 36.59 ± 5.65 vs. 26.5 ± 0.91 in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in self-efficacy between two groups and in different measurements (P = 0.000).ConclusionHome-based cardiac rehabilitation has a positive effect on patients’ self-efficacy and therefore it is recommended for the patients suffering from heart diseases.Trial registrationRCT registration number: IRCT201106086747N1.

Assessing Self-efficacy and Self-help Methods in Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women strongly associated with obesity and psychological dysfunction. It is crucial to assess the contributions of psychological parameters to obesity and weight management. This survey based cross-sectional study assessed self-efficacy, health attitudes and beliefs, response to illness and adult health history in women with (n = 74) and without PCOS (n = 90). There were no significant differences in self-efficacy, health attitudes and beliefs between groups. Women with PCOS reported less engagement in self-help methods compared to women without (p = 0.003). Women with PCOS reported poorer overall (p < 0.001) and recent health history (p = 0.02), greater prevalence (p < 0.001) and impact of a chronic illness (p < 0.001). It is crucial that women recognize that PCOS is a chronic condition requiring on-going lifestyle management; to encourage active engagement in their management, enhance participation in screening for complications and uptake of lifestyle recommendations.

대학생의 외모관리태도 유형에 따른 자기효능감과 신체만족

The purpose of this study was to classify appearance management attitudes into groups and analyze the difference of self-efficacy and body satisfaction by the groups. Questionnaires were administered to 255 college students living in Deagu Metropolitan City and Kyungbook province. The data collected were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, t-test, and <TEX>${\chi}^2$</TEX>-test. The findings were as follows. Appearance management attitudes of college students were classified into three groups such as group health body, low body interest group, emphasizes collective body. The appearance management attitudes showed significant correlation with the sub-variables of self-efficacy and body satisfaction. Male students showed no significant difference in self-efficacy by the groups while female students showed a significant one in task performance which was a sub-variable of self-efficacy. Both of the male and female students showed a significance of difference in the gap between actual and ideal weight which was a sub-variable of body satisfaction by the groups. Gender of college students showed distinction between the sub-variables of self-efficacy factors such as task performance, and anxiety and body satisfaction such as BMI, the difference between current height and ideal height, the difference between current weight and ideal weight.

The Relationship between EFL Learners’ Self-efficacy Beliefs and Their Language Learning Strategy Use

The focus of education has changed from teacher-directed to learner-oriented instruction in previous years. Majority of studies in the field of EFL/ESL learning involves issues relevant to learners and their individual differences. Therefore, the present study focused on some of these individual variables; namely self-efficacy and language learning strategies. This study aimed at exploring the relationship between EFL learner's self-efficacy and language learning strategy use. Also, frequently language learning strategies by EFL learners and the existence of a significant difference in their self-efficacy beliefs and strategy use due to gender and years of English study are investigated. A group of 130 first year university students consented to participate in the present study. The results of statistical analyses indicated that there was no relationship between self-efficacy and language learning strategy use. Moreover, metacognitive strategies are frequently used language learning strategies by EFL learners. In addition, there were no significant differences in both self-efficacy and strategy use due to gender. But, there were significant differences in self-efficacy beliefs and only in metacognitive strategies due to years of English study.

투석실 간호사의 전문직 자아개념, 자기효능감과 직무만족도

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the level of professional self-concept, self-efficacy and job satisfaction among nurses who work at hemodialysis units. Methods: With convenience sampling, 128 nurses working at hemodialysis settings in Chungcheong Province were participated in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 14.0 with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean scores were 2.68 for professional self-concept, 3.65 for self efficacy and 3.14 for job satisfaction. There were significant differences in professional self-concept according to age, religion, position and clinical experience. There was statistically significant difference in self-efficacy according to age. Also, there was statistically significant difference in job satisfaction according to age, marital status, hospital type, position, clinical experience, and the number of patients per nurse. Job satisfaction was positively correlated with professional self-concept and self-efficacy. Conclusion: These findings provided that interventions to enhance professional self-concept as well as the strategies to improve self-efficacy are very important.

Medida de autoeficacia en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine if the factors of sex or age affect the self-efficacy of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Self-efficacy was considered to be an indirect measure of motivation in this study. It was postulated that young female patients would obtain a higher score than their masculine counterparts as well as higher ones on the modified self-efficacy questionnaire in accordance with the scientific literature reviewed. Materials and methodsA total of 40 surveys were collected in a 3-month period. The instrument used in this study was the Modified version of the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GPSEQ). The original GPSEQ consisted of 10 questions; a modified version of the questionnaire was used, including 5 additional questions related to motivation. A convenience sampling method was used. Patients with PD were identified in clinical settings located in Southwest Florida (USA). Both the research protocol and modified questionnaire were approved by the Florida Gulf Coast University Institutional Review Board. ResultsThe modified version of the GPSEQ was found to have excellent internal reliability between the original questionnaire and the modified version, with a high Cronbach's alpha (R=.936). There were no significant differences among sex or age groups in self-efficacy scores (P=.356 and .578, respectively). Discussion and conclusionGPSEQ was proposed as an assessment alternative for self-efficacy in this population. This study found no significant differences in self-efficacy in either sex or age groups.

스마트폰 헬스케어 애플리케이션 수용을 위한 주요 영향요인

최근 스마트폰 사용자가 증가됨에 따라 스마트폰에 관한 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 스마트폰의 주요 특징 중 하나인 애플리케이션, 특히 헬스케어 애플리케이션 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 기존의 기술수용모형과 혁신확신이론 연구를 분석하여 헬스케어 애플리케이션 수용에 영향을 줄 것으로 판단되는 변수를 선정하고 연구 모형을 개발하였다. 연구 모형 검증을 위해 수도권지역의 성인 220명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문결과를 이용하여 인구통계학적 특성 및 헬스케어 애플리케이션 사용 특성에 따른 사용의도 차이를 분석하였다. 또한 애플리케이션 사용자 집단과 비사용자 집단을 나누어 영향변수를 비교한 결과 자기효능감과 개인의 혁신정도와 같은 개인적 성향 변수들에 있어 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 사용하기 쉬운 시스템을 기반으로 얼리어답터의 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 새롭고 유용한 건강 콘텐츠를 제공하는 것이 헬스케어 애플리케이션 확산에 도움이 될 것임을 보여준다. With increasing of smartphone users various smartphone studies have been carried out. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing the usage intention of smartphone healthcare application. The influencing factors found from literature reviews on Technology Acceptance Model and the diffusion of innovations theory are user interface design, self-efficacy, innovativeness, and entertainment. Survey is conducted to 220 people in Seoul metropolitan area. The survey results are analyzed regarding the difference for the intention of healthcare application in accordance with respondents' demographic and application usage characteristics. We also examine the difference among four influencing factors by users and non-users. As a result there are significant differences in self-efficacy and innovativeness. This gives some implications to application developers: the system should be easy to use and provide new and useful health contents that can attract early-adopters' attention in order to increase the number of application users.

SELF‐EFFICACY IN RELATION TO LIMITED FLUID INTAKE AMONGST PORTUGUESE HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Self-efficacy is a temporary and influenceable characteristic, related to situations and tasks, mediating health-promoting behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the Fluid Intake Appraisal Inventory, and to describe self-efficacy in relation to limited fluid intake amongst Portuguese haemodialysis patients. Respondents were recruited from three dialysis units, and 113 of 155 eligible patients gave their informed consent. The translated scale was distributed and collected by the head nurses. Interdialytic weight gain was calculated as percentage of dry weight. Satisfactory psychometric properties were estimated in the Portuguese context. The participants' self-efficacy in relation to low fluid intake was asymmetrically distributed; the majority had moderately to high self-efficacy while some patients had very low self-efficacy to limited fluid intake. There was a significant difference in self-efficacy to fluid restrictions; patients with a weight gain of 3.5% or less presented higher self-efficacy scores than did patients exceeding the cutoff point.

Examining the role of language on students achievement: a study on the use of second language as a medium of instruction in teaching science subject in Malaysia

This study aimed to identify the role of second language (English) through the examination of relationship between students self efficacy and achievement motivation with their achievement. Results of the study found significant relationship between self efficacy in English language and achievement motivation with students’ achievement in science which is taught in English. The study also found significant differences in self efficacy and achievement motivation according to socio-economic status (SES). Results of the study supported the importance of language and the need to address the influence of SES level to students’ self efficacy in the language, achievement motivation and performance.

Application of Dental Health Program for Elementary School Children

Purpose: In this study an analysis was done of participants who were educated using a dental health program as compared to a control group who only used a booklet on the subject. The participants were elementary school children and the education focused on dental health knowledge, behavior, health belief, and self-efficacy. Methods: Sixth grade students from two different schools in D-city were assigned to an experimental group which was educated using a dental health program over five weeks and a control group which was educated with a dental care booklet. Results: The experimental group showed significant increases in knowledge, behavior, sensitivity, severity, benefit, belief, and self-efficacy indicating that the program was effective, but there were no significant differences in self-efficacy, sensitivity, severity, importance, or disability between the two groups. Significant differences between the groups were found for knowledge, behavior, and benefits regarding dental health. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a dental health program for elementary school students is effective in increasing their knowledge and behavior regarding dental health but the lack of significant differences in several of the variables in this study may be related to the education provided to the control group using a booklet.

I vantaggi del mentoring in organizzazione: alcune differenze tra mentee e non-mentee

- Organizational literature has described the advantages of mentoring for mentors and, above all, for mentees. A survey of 200 respondents employed in three organizations in northwestern Italy shows that mentees have higher mean scores for job satisfaction, self-efficacy on the job and positive emotions at work than non-mentees. Mentees also show lower mean scores for negative emotions at work than non-mentees. This last result, however, is not confirmed by the regression analysis. Mentees reporting different degrees of satisfaction with the mentoring experience show significant differences in selfefficacy on the job and in variables that investigate mentoring perceptions.Keywords: mentoring, mentoring advantages, developmental relationships.Parole chiave: mentoring, vantaggi del mentoring, relazioni di sviluppo.

PENGARUH PELATIHAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP EFIKASI DIRI SEBAGAI PELATIH PADA MAHASISWA

This experiment examines the influence of interpersonal communication training in improving self efficacy as a trainer among college students. The hypothesis was that there is a significant difference in self efficacy of a trainer between the experimental and control group. There is also significant difference in self efficacy of a trainer among participants in experimental group between pre and post experiment. The participants of this experiment are college students with age ranging from 21 to 23 years old. The design of this experiment was Pretest Posttest with Control Group Design. A measure of self efficacy was developed by using aspect from Bandura (1997). The training module was developed on the basis ofHardjana Theory (2003). Data were analyzed using gain score method. The result shows that there is a difference in self efficacy of a trainer between experimental and control group (t= 16.989; p<0.01). This means that the interpersonal communication training show influences in increasing self efficacy of a trainer. An experiment group data analysis shows that there is a difference in self efficacy phor and after the training (t= -16.819; p<0.01). The result of this experiment confirmed the hypothesis. Keywords: interpersonal communication, self efficacy, trainer.

Auto-eficácia para atividades ocupacionais e interesses profissionais em estudantes do ensino médio

A auto-eficácia para as atividades ocupacionais e os interesses profissionais descrevem, respectivamente, atividades que os jovens possuem confiança de que podem desempenhar e ações que gostariam de executar. Os objetivos deste artigo foram analisar diferenças de média na auto-eficácia e suas fontes e nos interesses em função das variáveis gênero, tipo de escola e série escolar. Participaram 333 alunos do ensino médio, com média de idade de 15,9 anos, sendo 182 mulheres, que responderam a EAAOc e o SDS, que avaliam auto-eficácia e interesses. A auto-eficácia, classificada de acordo com os tipos de Holland, apresentou padrão IRSAEC, e os interesses, ESIACR. Houve diferenças significativas em função do gênero para os interesses, a auto-eficácia e suas fontes. Não houve diferenças significativas para a auto-eficácia pela série escolar ou tipo de escola. Algumas fontes de auto-eficácia apresentaram diferenças pelo tipo de escola e série escolar, tendo o mesmo ocorrido com alguns perfis de interesse.

Comparing Incarcerated and Community-Dwelling Older Men's Health

The purpose of this study is to compare incarcerated and community-dwelling older men's self-efficacy for health management, health-promotion behaviors, and health status. Social cognitive theory was the guiding framework. A sample of 51 incarcerated and 33 community men (age 50 and older) were surveyed. Frequencies and independent samples t tests were computed. Inmates reported significantly less participation in health-promotion behaviors (p < .01) and attended fewer programs (p < .05). The two groups did not demonstrate significant differences in self-efficacy or health status. The latter finding is important because the community men were on average 15 years older. Finding that prisoners attended significantly fewer programs and engaged less often in health-promoting behaviors may be because of lack of availability or awareness of programs to build self-care skills, perceptions that there is not much they can do about their health, a knowledge deficit in regard to health, or insufficient motivation.