Significant Difference In Pre-test Research Articles

A survey of the effect of an information-motivation-behavioral model-based intervention on university students’ osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, and self-efficacy

ABSTRACT This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of a Healthy Living Awareness Program for the Prevention of Osteoporosis based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model (HLAPPO-IMB) in university students [intervention group (n = 43), control group (n = 44)]. The intervention group completed the online training to prevent osteoporosis in the information stage of the IMB. In the motivation stage, the researchers texted (WhatsApp) the intervention group spot and reminder notifications concerning the prevention of osteoporosis. They also provided them with telephone counseling. In the final stage, the researchers evaluated whether the intervention group participants developed target behavioral skills. The intervention group had significantly higher mean posttest and follow-up Osteoporosis Knowledge Test scores than the control group (respectively, r = .519, r = .513, p < .001), indicating a large effect size in the posttest and follow-up test. There was no significant difference in pretest and follow-up Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, Osteoporosis Self-Effective Scale, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form scores between the groups (p > .05). The results showed that the HLAPPO-IMB helped the intervention group participants expand their knowledge of osteoporosis. However, it did not improve their self-efficacy in doing weight-bearing exercises, taking calcium, and engaging in physical activity.

Enhancing Students' Performance in Biology through Blended Learning with Collaborative Tools and Interactive Online Activities

The study focused on the assessment of the technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) of graduate students enrolled in the Master of Arts in Science Education (MASE) program and tested the effectiveness of a blended learning approach using online collaborative tools, a learning management system, and interactive resources in Biology. The specific objectives of the study included describing the profile of MASE students in terms of computer and internet resources and skills, measuring their confidence levels in the four TPACK constructs, finding significant differences in pretest and posttest scores, and obtaining student feedback on the use of Edmodo as a Learning Management System. The study employed a one-shot pretest-posttest experimental design using a combination of online resources and face-to-face interactions. Based on the results, there was an increase in the median values before and after the intervention, as shown by the difference between the pre-median and post-median. Pre-implementation, the TPACK confidence level of the students was rated fairly confident (FC), but it increased after to completely confident (CC). This suggests that the students' TPACK confidence level improved positively using the BL approach. Likewise, the t-stat value of 10.68 indicates a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores after implementing the blended learning approach. This suggests that the blended learning approach had a positive and noteworthy impact on the student's performance, as seen in the improved test scores. The study's results highlighted the benefits of Edmodo as well as the use of interactive online activities in their performance and TPACK as reported by the students.

Development of Mobile Media Based on Problem-Based Learning in Basic Computer Network Engineering and Communication Subjects

This research aims to develop mobile learning media specifically designed for basic subjects in Computer Network Engineering and Telecommunications to enhance student motivation and learning outcomes. Utilizing the RD (Research and Development) method, the ASSURE model was employed for development. This model includes analyzing learners, stating objectives, selecting instructional methods, media, and materials, utilizing media and materials, requiring learner participation, and evaluating and reinforcing. The mobile media was tested with 36 students from TJKT Vocational High School in Padang. Data collection instruments included validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, student evaluation questions, and student response questionnaires. Results showed a material expert validity of 0.89 and a media expert validity of 0.94, both indicating high validity. Teacher-assessed practicality scored 90.67, while student assessments scored 86.19, both in the very practical category. Effectiveness was determined by student evaluations, with 88.89% of students achieving competency, indicating high effectiveness. The increase in student learning outcomes was significant, with a gain score of 0.74% in the high category. The T-test revealed a significant difference in pretest and posttest learning outcomes (p-value 0.005). In conclusion, the problem-based learning mobile media developed for basic computer network engineering and telecommunications subjects has been validated, deemed practical, and proven effective for learning. Its implementation is expected to boost student engagement, creativity, and learning outcomes, thereby potentially improving the overall quality of education.

Chemture Gamification to Improve Learners' Cognitive Ability on Acid-Base Material

This study aims to obtain learning media in the form of games that meet the appropriate category in improving the cognitive abilities of students on acid-base material. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&amp;D) with reference to Thiagarajan's 4D development model and limited to the Development stage. The instruments used include validation sheets, student response questionnaires, student activity observation sheets, and pretest-posttest sheets. The results obtained showed that the validity of the media received a score ≥ 3 with valid criteria, the practicality of the media obtained from the results of the response questionnaire and the observation sheet of students' activities for the response questionnaire obtained a percentage of 92.50% with very practical criteria, while the results of the observation of students' activities at meeting 1 were 91.1% while meeting 2 was 94.4% with very practical criteria. The effectiveness results were obtained from the pretest-posttest results which were analyzed using the classical test and T-test, the analysis results using the classical test obtained a value of 97.06% for the test of students' cognitive learning outcomes with the effective category. The Wilcoxon test results showed that the learning outcomes obtained a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 which indicated that there was a significant difference in pretest and posttest learning outcomes. So, it can be concluded that the Chemture game has met the feasible category as a learning media to improve students' cognitive abilities.

Developing Supplementary Books on Mangroves in Aceh Tamiang for Biology Students

This study aimed to produce supplementary books on mangroves in Aceh Tamiang for undergraduate students in the Ecology course. Research and Development (R&amp;D) adapted from the Thiagarajan (4D) model consisting of defining, designing, developing and disseminating stages were used. Field research was employed to develop the product. Material expert lecturers, learning design experts, and layout design experts validated the supplement book developed. Ecology lecturers and students of the Biology department at the State University of Medan assessed it. The results of the assessment by the material experts had a mean score of 86.6% in the very good/feasible category. Meanwhile, learning design experts had a mean score of 93.2% in the very good/feasible category. Likewise, the layout design experts had a mean score of 91.3% in the very good/feasible category. Responses towards the books by lecturers had a high very good/feasible category with an overall percentage of 90.26%. The students’ results based on individual, small group and limited field tests obtained the mean scores of 97.9%, 89% and 90.95%, respectively, in the very good/feasible category. These results indicated that the supplementary books that have been developed were very good/feasible. This product’s effectiveness could be seen from the gain score of 0.52 in the moderate category and the results of the Wilcoxon test t-count 0.000 &lt; t-table 0.05. It can be concluded that using the supplement books effectively increases students’ knowledge of mangrove ecosystems with significant differences in pretest and posttest scores so that supplement books can be used as additional teaching materials for lecturers, students and readers.&#x0D; Keywords: supplementary books, mangroves, ecology course

Effect of Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Programme on Playfulness in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: To investigate the effect of cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) programme on playfulness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Material and Methods: Seventy Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder participants (N=70), aged between 6-8 years were recruited from a local community-based setting. The children were divided into an experimental (n=35) and a control group (n=35). The experimental group participants received CO-OP and the control group participants received the conventional occupational therapy programme; for 12 weeks. The test on playfulness was used to measure playfulness in children.Results: There were statistically significant differences between pretest and post-test scores of the test of playfulness (TOP) in the experimental group (p-value≤0.05) components of: Extent, Intensity and Skillfulness, and there were statistically significant differences between pretest and post-test group of TOP in the control group (p-value≤0.05) in Intensity and Skillfulness. There was no statistically significant difference in pretest and post-test scores of TOP in the component of Extent. Further analysis revealed that clinically there was significant differences in the post-test scores of TOP between the control and experimental group components of Extent, Intensity and Skillfulness.Conclusion: CO-OP was effective in improving playfulness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

EDUKASI PENGETAHUAN SWAMEDIKASI PENYAKIT KULIT SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN DI LINGKUNGAN PANTI ASUHAN WILAYAH KARTASURA

Skin is the outer layer of the human body that is directly adjacent to the environment and has a function as protection from several pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses and functions in defense. One of the problems that can arise even though the manifestation is not severe is skin disease. If skin diseases are not treated properly, they can become chronic diseases that are very disturbing to health. This community service aims to increase knowledge about self-medication of skin diseases in the environment of Santri Wisma Asuhan Yatim Nurul Huda Kartasura. This community service consists of activity survey stages, licensing, preparation, implementation and evaluation of activities. There is a pretest and posttest to measure the ability of students to knowledge of self-medication of skin diseases. Then a quantitative analysis was carried out which included a data normality test and a t-test for pretest and posttest. The results of community service showed that there were 33 students who participated in community service activities. With most participants having a high school education and all students have never received education about skin diseases. The average knowledge of students for pretest scores is 64.03 ± 13.04, while the average posttest score is 81.61 ± 7.99. There is a significant difference in pretest and posttest knowledge (p = 0.000).

Body weight circuit: does it affect fat percentage, muscle and cardiovascular fitness in adult women in singcronous?

Purpose. The study’s goal was to determine the relationship between fat percentage and muscle and cardiovascular fitness, as well as the effect of the circuit body weight training method on muscle and cardiovascular fitness. Methods. Fitness requires effective and efficient methods, one of which is the circuit body weight training method. Some women’s perspectives on weight training have not been prioritized; there is still a lack of understanding on the regulation of exercise doses; and inconsistent studies of the relationship between fat percentage and physical fitness need seeking out the most recent data. A sample of 20 adult women aged 30-50 years was employed in this correlational and experimental study. The instruments used are a hand grip dynamometer, a leg and hand dynamometer, a rockpot, and an Omron body fat monitor. Techniques for collecting data from tests and measurements. The Spearman Rho test was used to analyze the data, along with Wilcoxon which assisted by SPSS 23. Results. The correlation results revealed a significant relationship between body fat percentage and hand, leg, back, and cardiovascular fitness, with a sig value of 0.05. The comparison revealed significant differences in pretest and posttest percentage of fat, back muscle fitness, limbs, and cardiovascular with a sig 0.05, but not in hand squeeze. It was determined that as the percentage of fat in the body decreased, fitness increased and vice versa. Circuit body weight training boosts cardiovascular fitness, lowers body fat percentage, and improves muscle fitness. Conclusions. Even though the power of hand squeezing is insignificant, it produces positive results. It is hoped that this study will provide information and a better understanding of weight training. The research is limited to adult women, the sample size is small, and there is no control group. This study can be improved through additional research.

Acute effects of repeated isoinertial lunges on jump and sprint parameters

Background and Study Aim. Understanding the relationship between repeated isoinertial lunges and jump and sprint parameters is an important factor in achieving success in sports requiring explosive strength and speed. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of repeated isoinertial lunges on jump and sprint parameters. Material and Methods. Volunteered 42 students from Sports Sciences Faculty were participated to the study. They were randomly divided into experimental group (EG) (n=22, age=22.8±1.1year, height=180.6±7.1cm, body weight=77.5±8.8kg) and control group (CG) (n=20, age=23.0±2.1year, height=173.1±5.6 cm, body weight=71.3±8.4 kg). As pre- and post-tests, each participant performed squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and 30m sprint on a non-motorized treadmill. Isoinertial lunges were included in 8 reps with dominant leg (DL), 1 min rest, and 8 reps with non-dominant leg (NDL). As a statistical analysis, pre- and post-test differences were analyzed with independent t test between groups and paired t test within groups. The level of significance was taken as p≤0.05. Results. There were pre-test and also post-test differences between groups in SJ (p&lt;0.05) but there were no differences within groups. Both groups had significant pre- and post-test time, velocity, and power differences [for EG: p&lt;0.01, p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.01; for CG: p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.01, respectively]. EG had significant pre- and post-test differences in stride frequency (SF) (p&lt;0.01). There was a post-test SF difference between two groups (p&lt;0.05). There were no statistically significant pre-test differences between the groups in 30m sprint parameters of NDL and DL. There were only significant post-test differences between the groups in SFDL (p&lt;0.005) and NDL horizontal force (HFNDL) (p&lt;0.01). EG had only significant pre- and post-test differences in SFDL and PNDL (p&lt;0.005 and p&lt;0.05). Conclusions. Detailed studies in SF and SFDL increases result by repeated isoinertial lunges should be beneficial focus on DL neuromuscular activation. Furthermore, incorporating repeated isoinertial lunges into training regimens could be a valuable strategy for enhancing specific aspects of athletic performance in sports that demand high levels of speed and explosive power.

Pengaruh Booklet PEMANTIK dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Kader Pemantau Jentik Sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sako Palembang

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus, transmitted through the bite of a mosquito vector of the species Aedes egypti or Aedes albopictus. The incidence of DHF increases during the rainy season when there are many stagnant waters which are breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Integrated Vector Control is an effective risk management as an effort to eradicate mosquito nests continuously and continuously with the 1 house 1 jumantik movement program. One of the efforts made to optimize community participation in DHF control is empowering school children to become Jumantik-PSN School cadres by increasing students' knowledge and attitudes through the jumantik booklet. The research objective was to determine the effect of booklets in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of Cadres in controlling Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The research method uses a pre-experiment with a one group pre-post test design, data collection techniques by filling out a knowledge and attitude questionnaire. This research was conducted in March-May 2023. The study population was all school jumantik_PSN cadres in the working area of ​​the Sako Health Center, with a total sample of 57 respondents obtained using the stratified random sampling technique. The results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon Test showed significant differences in pretest and posttest values after being educated using the Jumantik booklet with p (0.000), it can be concluded that the booklet media is an effective and informative medium in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of Jumantik-PSN cadres for school children as an effort to control dengue hemorrhagic fever in schools.

Effect of yoga on stress, hyperactivity and inattention of government school students in Andhra Pradesh

Introduction: School days are memorable one, where young people will be prepared to face the adult world with education of morals and attitudes. So many students put their wellness to achieve good marks, ranks and degree, hence stressed. Yoga is an exercise that can be performed by balancing the elements of the body. In this study we examined the impact of yoga and meditation on stress, hyperactivity and inattention of engineering college students.&#x0D; Method: A total of 100 students are randomly selected whosr age limit is between 13-15 years. These subjects were divided into two groups, yoga group and control group. The data is collected with the questionnaires and analysed.&#x0D; Results: There were no significant differences in pre test of perceived stress, hyperactivity and inattention between the two groups. The interaction of group and time was not significant in predicting the slope of change in perceived distress. Pairwise t-tests did not show a significant reduction in perceived distress for either group. There was no significant interaction in hyperactivity and significant interaction in inattention of group and time. Pairwise t-tests demonstrated a significant reduction in hyperactivity and inattention for the yoga group but not the control group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Yoga may improve attention and hyperactivity for the students of government school.

Acute responses to repeated sprints on a non-motorized treadmill on dominant- and non-dominant leg sprint parameters

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the acute responses to repeated sprints on a non-motorized treadmill on dominant leg (DL) and non-dominant leg (NDL) sprint parameters. Material and Methods. Volunteered students from Sports Sciences Faculty were randomly divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). As pre- and post-tests, each participant performed 30m sprint test on a non-motorized treadmill. There were 6x20m with 1min on a non-motorized treadmill as repetitive sprints. As a statistical analysis, whether there is pre-test and post-test differences were analysed with independent t test between the groups and paired t test within the groups. The level of significance was taken as p≤0.05. Results. In comparisons within the groups, both groups had significant pre- and post-test differences in parameters of time (t), velocity (V), and power (P) [for EG, p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001, and p&lt;0.001; for CG, p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001, and p&lt;0.01, respectively]. CG had significant pre- and post-test differences in parameters of stride length (SL) and horizontal force (HF) (p&lt;0.05). There were no statistically significant pre-test differences in 30m sprint parameters of NDL and DL. In post-tests, there were only significant differences in SLDL, HFDL, PNDL, and PDL (p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.05, and p&lt;0.01, respectively). CG had only significant pre- and post-test differences in SLNDL and SLDL within the group’s comparisons (p&lt;0.05). Either EG or CG had significant pre- and post-test differences in PDL (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions. In conclusion, repeated sprints may exhibit shorter strides to overcome horizontal resistance and fatigue, resulting in reduced SL and greater P exerted in the DL.

Pilot of an early intervention programme for low-risk persons who use drugs in the Philippines

Objective: The aim of this study was to pilot and evaluate the feasibility of an early intervention programme for low-risk drug users in the Philippines. Design: The early intervention consists of three sessions delivered by paraprofessionals focusing on stress, wellbeing, substance use, family and drug use and communication skills. The study was conducted in two phases. In the pilot phase, a randomised controlled trial design was used. In the second phase, a larger field cohort evaluation study design was implemented. Setting: The randomised controlled trial in the first phase was undertaken in four local government units (LGUs). The second phase took place in 13 LGUs in three island clusters in the Philippines. Methods: In the first phase, 42 low-risk users from three urban and one rural community were randomly assigned to treatment and wait-control groups. In the second phase, 744 low-risk users undertook the programme. In both phases, the pretest and posttest measured recovery skills, life skills, quality of life, perceived family support, wellbeing and intent to use drugs. Results: In the first phase, analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed significant differences in pretest and posttest scores in recovery skills and quality of life of participants compared to those who did not participate in the programmes. In the second phase, paired-sample t-test revealed significant improvements in terms of recovery skills, life skills, quality of life, perceived family support, wellbeing and intent to use drugs. Path analysis provided support for the programme’s theory of change. Facilitators perceived the programme to be effective and easy to implement. Conclusions: The study suggests that an early intervention focusing on mental health and substance use delivered by paraprofessionals may be a viable means to reduce drug use and improve mental health in countries such as the Philippines that have little resources and scarce mental health professionals.

Portfolio Assessment Strategy as Authentic Evidence of Writing Skills Performance in Grade 8 English

Writing is an important part of communication. It allows one to communicate with a wider audience with greater understanding and simplicity. However, poor writing skills have a significant impact on a student's ability to communicate with others. The writing process itself interferes with learning for a student who is struggling with a writing problem. The purpose of the study was to find out if using the portfolio assessment strategy in terms of reflective journal writing and picture series will be an effective writing strategy in improving writing skills performance in Grade 8 English. Specifically, it was geared towards answering the following questions: 1. What is the frequency and percent distribution of the students’ scores in English Writing? 2. What is the mean pretest score of the respondents before utilizing the portfolio assessment strategy in writing? 3. What is the mean posttest score of the respondents after using the portfolio assessment strategy in writing? and 4. Is there a significant difference in the pretest and posttest of the students in writing before and after using the portfolio assessment strategy in writing? Results revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean pretest and posttest scores of the respondents in writing activities using the portfolio assessment strategy.

Development of guided inquiry-oriented e-worksheets to improve students' science process skills in acid-base material

This study aims to describe the feasibility of guided inquiry-oriented E-worksheets to improve students' science process skills on acid-base material. The research method is Research and Development (R&amp;D), using the 4D development model, which is limited to the development stage and limited trials on 38 eleventh grades at Al-Islam Krian senior high school. The results showed the feasibility of E-worksheets as follows : (1) The validity of E-worksheets based on the criteria of content, presentation, language, and graphics, obtained the mode in E-worksheets 1 and E-worksheets 2, respectively: content criteria 5 and 5; presentation criteria 4.5 and 4.5; language criteria 4 and 4; graphic criteria 5 and 5 with valid and very valid categories, so that the developed E-worksheets are feasible based on the validity criteria. (2) The practicality of the E-worksheets is reviewed from the responses and activities of students. Learner responses based on content, presentation, language, and graphic criteria obtained a percentage of 96.42%; 96.70%; 99.12%; and 100% with a very practical category. Relevant learner activities at meeting 1 and meeting 2 received a percentage of 95.02% and 96.56% in the very practical category. (3) E-worksheets' effectiveness is based on improving science process skills. A normality test showed a significant score on the pretest and posttest of 0.004 and 0.000, respectively, so the significance &lt; 0.05 showed that its data was not distributed normally. Furthermore, pretest and posttest data are analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, with a significance score of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, showing a significant difference in pretest and posttest results. Data pretest and posttest then also analyze using N-gain with a score from 0.70 to 1.00 with a high category, so students' science process skills are said to increase. E-worksheets effectively improve science process skills.

Effectiveness of unified protocols for online transdiagnostic treatment on social-emotional skills and parent-child interaction in school-aged children with cochlear implants

Children with cochlear implants have limitations in emotional and cognitive social maturity which impact on their future emotional, social, and cognitive development. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a unified protocol for online transdiagnostic treatment program on social-emotional skills (self-regulation, social competence, responsibility, sympathy) and parent-child interaction (conflict, dependence, closeness) in children with cochlear implant. The present study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up. Mothers of 18 children with cochlear implant aged from 8 to 11 years were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. 10 weeks of semi-weekly sessions for a total of 20 sessions around 90min for children and 30min for their parents were selected. Social-emotional assets, resilience scale (SEARS) and children parent relationship scale (CPRS) were selected to evaluate social-emotional skills and parent-child interaction respectively. We used Cronbach alpha, Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and univariate ANOVA for statistical analyses. Behavioral tests had relatively high internal reliability. Means scores in self-regulation was statistically different in pre-test and post-test conditions (p-value=0.005) and pre-test and follow-up conditions (p-value=0.024). Total means scores were showed a significant difference in pretest and post-test (p-value=0.007) not in follow-up (p>0.05). The interventional program could improve the parent-child relationship only in conflict and dependence (p<0.05), and it was constant with time (p<0.05). Our study demonstrated an effect of online transdiagnostic treatment program on social-emotional skills of children with cochlear implants, especially in self-regulation and total score which were stable after three months in self-regulation. Moreover, this program could impact on the parent-child interaction only in conflict and dependence which was stable with time.

Exploring The Attitude Of College Students Towards Tai Chi: A Quasi Experiment Of A Short Tai Chi Course (Stcc)

Background: Attitude is critical to exercise; various studies have involved in attitude to physical education but not Tai Chi. However, Tai Chi is a compulsory course in many universities in China, some students may have negative attitude to it.&#x0D; Purpose: To improve college students’ attitude to Tai Chi via the Short Tai Chi Course (STCC).&#x0D; Methods: A quasi-experiment was conducted to assess it. The instrument for attitude is a questionnaire which consist of 15 items. STCC is a 5 weeks course for teaching both theoretical knowledge and practical skill. 325 freshmen were enrolled for the trial and finally 289 students (72.3% female, 86.9% come from countryside) finished it. Results: In the baseline, more than three fourth students showed a neutral attitude to Tai Chi, around one fifth students had negative attitude toward Tai Chi, and less than 10% participants hold the positive attitude to Tai Chi. In the post-test, there is a clear increase of mean for each item but not item 6 and item 15, this change highlights the improve of positive attitude and reduce of negative for college students to Tai Chi. The P value of paired t test for each item (exclude item 14) is 0.000 &lt;.0.001 which indicate those items has an extremely significant difference in pretest and post-test.&#x0D; Conclusion: Although around half college students still hold the neutral attitude to Tai Chi, they already have a significantly improve on positive attitude and considerate reduce on negative attitude.

The Sexual Development: Examining Communication between Parents and Their Children

The research aimed to improve parents’ communication language while talking to 3-6 years old children about sexual development. The research was carried out using the experimental model, one of the quantitative research methods. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control groups. Seventy-six parents voluntarily participated in the study, thirty-eight were in the experimental group, and thirty-eight were in the control group. A personal information form and a Sexual Communication Scale for Parents were used as data collection tools. The Online Child Sexual Education and Communication Program were applied to improve the communication language of the parents in the experimental group. The study results showed that the communication language used by the parents while talking to children about sexual development improved after the program. There was a significant difference between the parents' communication language pretest and posttest scores in the experimental group. However, no significant difference was found between the communication language pretest and posttest scores of the parents in the control group. There was a significant difference in pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group parents’ communication language for sexual education.

A preliminary study of further attempt at the development, testing and application of an independent primary screening stool card

Stool characteristics are of great value to assess diseases, but patients knew little. E-learning applied in health popularization and patient education is booming. In China, WeChat applets has advantages of abundant users, convenient access and low cost, which may be a great media in patient education on stool. This preliminary study aims to develop and evaluate a stool card WeChat applet. We collected stools images during 2020 to 2022 in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, constructed a stool card applet named the Doctor Friend Primary Screening Stool Card (DFPSSC) and evaluated it. Eligible participants were divided into the applet, traditional paper media and control group. We implement a series of tests to evaluate the effectiveness. 20 clinicians and participants using the DFPSSC completed a questionnaire to evaluate the usability. We developed the DFPSSC for an E-learning approach. Of 108 volunteers, 97 completed the DFPSSC learning. No significant pretest differences were found among the three groups (P = 0.303). Applet group had significantly higher posttest scores than pretest scores in intervention (P < 0.001, d = 1.68) and simulation (P = 0.006) test, and it had higher scores than other two group (P < 0.001). 63% participants and 59% clinicians strongly agree or agree to the usability of DFSSC. This preliminary study verified that the DFPSSC can effectively improve participants’ knowledge of feces, making it an effective clinical tool for patient education and the avoidance of treatment delay.

The Level of Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviour of Women in Reproductive Age (WRA) with Online Class BSE

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of malignancy among women in Indonesia. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is one way of early detection to determine the presence of a mass in the breast. But in reality, the awareness to do BSE is still lacking among women. This study aims to determine changes in the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of women of childbearing age (WUS) after attending BSE online classes. This study uses a one-group pretest-posttest . The population in this study were women of childbearing age who came to the integrated service post. Subjects were selected using a purposive sampling technique according to the inclusion criteria of as many as 25 respondents. Based on the results of the research conducted, there are differences in scores before and after the online class on BSE. Before counseling the average score was 53.8 after counseling the average score was 63. The results of the bivariate analysis the average behavioral pretest score was 2.76 while the post-test average was 5.64 with a p-value of 0.01 &lt;0.005 so it was concluded that there was a significant difference in the average pretest and post-test behavior scores. The average pretest knowledge score is 17.48 while the post-test average score is 22.96 with a p-value of 0.01 &lt;0.005 there is a significant difference in the pretest and post-test knowledge scores. The pretest attitude score was 53.8 while the post-test score was 63 with a p-vale value of 0.01 &lt;0.005, indicating that there was a significant difference between the pretest and post-test attitude scores. This shows that online classes have a positive influence on WRA's behavior to do BSE. As a comparison tool for the world of science in enriching information about BSE behavior, it is necessary to conduct research using other methods that further explore the activity of respondents, for example through video media.