Significant Differences In Knowledge Research Articles

Are Internal Medicine Residents Meeting the Bar? Comparing Resident Knowledge and Self-Efficacy to Published Palliative Care Competencies.

There is a need for improved primary palliative care (PC) education and resident comfort with providing end-of-life care. Utilize a new instrument derived from published PC competencies to assess baseline Internal Medicine (IM) resident knowledge and self-efficacy in PC to identify educational gaps and create new PC curricula. We created a 2-part instrument including a Knowledge Test (KT) and a Self-Efficacy Inventory (SEI) addressing 18 PC resident competencies across 5 domains: Pain and Symptom Management (PSM), Communication (COMM), Psychosocial, Spiritual, and Cultural Aspects of Care (PSC), Terminal Care and Bereavement (TCB), and Palliative Care Principles and Practice (PCPP). The instrument was emailed to IM residents at our institution during academic years 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Basic descriptive statistics were performed for the KT and SEI. Mean Rank Analysis and One-way ANOVA were utilized for the KT and SEI, respectively. Congruence was calculated between knowledge and self-efficacy. The mean score on the KT was 73% (range 33-80%). There was no significant difference in knowledge among post-graduate year cohorts. Self-efficacy scores were lower for interns overall and in PCPP, TCB, and COMM domains. Knowledge was concordant with self-efficacy in 42% of participants, higher than self-efficacy in 10% of participants, and lower than self-efficacy in 48% of participants. For approximately half of respondents, high self-efficacy in PC did not correlate with high PC knowledge. A more focused curriculum is needed to help IM residents facilitate mastery of PC competencies by graduation.

Impact of Nursing Intervention Protocol about Polytrauma Care during the Golden Hour on Nurses’ Performance

Background: The golden hour following a traumatic event is characterized by the need for rapid assessment and immediate resuscitation treatment, which represent the fundamental principles of Advanced Trauma Life Support. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of nursing intervention protocol about polytrauma care during the golden hour on nurses‟ performance. Research hypothesis: This study was hypothesized that the nurses‟ knowledge and practice will be significantly improved after implementing nursing intervention protocol. Research Design: A quasi-experimental design study with one group pre-test post-test approach was used to achieve the aim of the present study. Setting: it was conducted at Emergency departments affiliated to Ain Shams university hospitals. Subjects: A Convenient sample of all available nurses (thirty) working in Emergency departments. Tools: I- Self-administered nurses‟ polytrauma care knowledge questionnaire, it was used to assess nurses‟ knowledge regarding management of patient with polytrauma during the golden hour and II- Nurses‟ polytrauma care practice observational checklist: to assess nurses‟ practice regarding management of patients with polytrauma during the golden hours. Results: it was found that two thirds of the nurses were between twenty five to forty years, and less than half of them were graduated from nursing institute. There were highly statistically significant differences in knowledge and practice regarding care of patients with polytrauma during the golden hour with marked improvement post implementation among studied nurses. There was a significant relation between studied nurses' knowledge & practice and gender & education. Conclusion: there was an improvement in knowledge and practice post nursing intervention protocol implementation among studied nurses with statistically significant differences between pre- and post- knowledge, and practice. Recommendations: Replication of the study on a large probability sample for results generalization and Improve and update nurses‟ knowledge and skills about management of patients with polytrauma during the golden hour.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP KADER POSYANDU DALAM DETEKSI DINI FAKTOR RESIKO KEHAMILAN

Abstract: Early detection of high risk of pregnancy can reduce maternal mortality. The introduction of risk factors in pregnant women is carried out proactively by health workers or trained personnel in the community such as cadres. Padang Community Health Center has 9 posyandu with the total number of active cadres 43 people, coverage coverage of high risk pregnant women by 2015 cadres is 2 people (2.50%). This study aims to determine the effect of efforts to increase knowledge and attitude of posyandu cadres in early detection of pregnancy risk factors. This research uses quasy experimental method with one group pre-post test design. The sample of this research is all posyandu cadres in working area of Padang Serai Community Health Center is 43 people. The result of bivariate analysis with paired t-test showed significant difference of knowledge and attitude of respondent before and after intervention. Ie on pretest-posttest1 knowledge p = 0.000 <0.05, pretest-posttest2 p = 0,000 <0.05, on posttest-posttest2 p = 0.007 <0.05. On the attitude of pretest-posttest1 value p = 0.000 <0,05, pretest-posttest2 p = 0,000 <0,05, on posttest-posttest2 p = 0.000 <0,05, indicate that there is influence of effort to increase knowledge and attitude of posyandu cadre in detection Early pregnancy risk factors.Keywords : knowledge, attitudes, early detection of risk factors for pregnancy.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Health Workers Toward Cervical Cancer Screening

Background and Objectives: Reassuring women to take part in screening program for cervical cancer cause early diagnosis and declining complication of this cancer. The aim of this study is determining knowledge and attitude of health providers, worked in healthcare centers of Mianeh, a city in north west of Iran. Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study included 117 health providers providing primary health services in the Mianeh healthcare facility centers. Data collected by using a 27‐items questionnaire that its validity and reliability had been confirmed. Data analysis performed by an Independent Samples t Test in SPSS Results: This study included a total of 187 health providers. Among them, 117 health providers completed the questionnaire (response rates 63 percent). The majority of participants were women (75 percent). The mean knowledge and attitude scores were 10.06 ± 2.31 (the range from zero to 14) and 8.03 ± 3.17(the range from zero to 13), respectively. More than half of participated women, who all were married, had done twice or more screening test for cervical cancer (55.67 percent). There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge and attitude of health providers' score with respect to age, gender, education, marital status and work experience. The knowledge and attitudes score of the female health providers who had done twice or more screening test for cervical cancer were statistically significant higher than others (p value > 0.05). The negative attitude considering cervical screening was caused by experiencing pain (67 percent), ulcer and hemorrhage (53 percent). Conclusion: Though health workers have partially suitable knowledge, attitude and practice toward cervical screening test, appropriate interventions are required to improve them.

A Study on Knowledge Towards Brain Death among Residents in Indonesia

This research was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and diagnosis of brain death among resident in Indonesia. This study used an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design using a questionnaire. The research subjects consisted of 132 level 2 (after 2 years of residency) and level 3 (after 4 years of residency) residents, the total sampling for which was taken from the departments of Neurosurgery, Anesthesiology, and Neurology at Dr. Soetomo Academic Medical Center Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were taken from November 2018 to January 2019. A total of 132 residents of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Anesthesiology participated in this study. From the series of studies, residents’ knowledge of the concept of brain death was in the sufficient category (41.7%), residents’ knowledge of the technical diagnosis of brain death was in the good category (40.2%), residents’ knowledge of brain death examination was in the less category (43.2%), and finally, it was found that the resident's knowledge of brain death was in a good category (35.6%). There were also significant differences in knowledge of brain death between Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Anesthesiologist Resident (P <0.001) and knowledge of brain death between level 2 and level 3 residents (P=0.032). In general, the Indonesian resident doctors’ knowledge of brain death is adequate, but knowledge of the clinical examination of brain death is still lacking. Further research must be carried out to promote knowledge of brain death in residents as well as professional doctors/specialists, so that the number of organ transplants, especially in Indonesia, will increase.

THE INFLUENCE OF SNAKES AND LADDERS GAME TO IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT STOP BABS IN BANDUNG CITY

Increased knowledge and attitude on students can be done by using interesting, convenient, and simple health promotion method or media such as snake and ladder game. This study is aimed to measure and analyze the effectivenes of snake and ladder game and Triggering stop BABS on elementary school students’ knowledge and attitude. The research method used is true experiment approach to the design of two group pre-test post-test design. The samples were 62 respondents, 31 for triggering group and 31 for snake and ladder game group. The research instrument was questionnaire. Analyzing data used R Commander program. The result indicated that There were significant differences improvement of knowledge and attitude of students before and after snake and ladder game stop BABS (p=0.0001 for knowledge, P=0.0001 for attitude). There were significant differences in knowledge and attitude level of students before and after the triggering (p=0.0001 for knowledge, p=0.0001 for attitude). There were no Effectiveness difference between triggering and snake ladder game (p=0,556) (p=0,226).The result of analysis also indicated that provision health education through both snake and ladder game and Triggering Method have impact to improvement knowledge and attitude of elementary schools students. Snake and ladder game can be used as alternative health education media in school.Keywords: Snack and Ladder Game, Triggering, Knowledge, Attitude

Knowledge and attitude regarding COVID 19 among healthcare workers in India

Aim Covid-19 has engulfed the world and involved the healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. So, they should have the most updated knowledge and good attitude towards the disease. Hardly there is any study which evaluates the knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals regarding Covid-19. This study assesses knowledge and attitude toward Covid-19 among HCWs across the country. Methods This was a multicentric cross-sectional study. It was performed from 10th-20th April, 2020. Convenient random sampling was used. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire of knowledge and attitude of HCWs regarding Covid-19. Data was analysed to describe: demographic, mean knowledge and attitude score. Pearson correlation, Kruskal Wallis-H test and one way ANOVA were carried out to evaluate the relationship between study variables. Wherever required, post-hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s HSD method. Results Total 458 HCWs (56.8% were senior residents/postgraduate trainee) had mean knowledge score of 14.2±1.65 and mean attitude score of 3.80±0.52. 69.4% had sufficient knowledge but lack of knowledge was seen when Covid-19 infection rate and fatality rate was compared with seasonal flu. Nearly 85% didn’t know when to screen a patient and the components of Personal Protective Equipment. Significant difference in knowledge was seen between the junior residents/MBBS and senior resident/Postgraduate trainee, between nursing/allied sciences and consultants, and between nursing/allied sciences and senior resident/postgraduate (p-value <0.001). There was positive correlation between knowledge and attitude score (r =0.111, p =0.019). Conclusion Most HCWs had good knowledge and positive attitude but there were few lacunas. More frequent educational training programmes are required to overcome this chasm. Keywords Covid 19, Knowledge and attitude, Pandemic

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY UNTUK MENGETAHUI KETERAMPILAN DASAR BEKERJA ILMIAH MAHASISWA IAIN PALU

This study aims to determine the differences in knowledge of basic scientific work skills in students in the classroom. This research uses the Quasi Experiment method with The Non Equivalent, Pretest-Postest Design research design. The research sample consisted of 30 PGMI IAIN Palu students. The sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling. Data collection techniques are using observation sheets. Data analysis techniques using the Normality test, Homogeneity test, and t test using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and Microsoft Excel programs. The results showed the significance value of Sig (2-Tailed) was 0.00 &lt;0.05 which means that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Obtained from data on differences in knowledge of basic scientific work skills for students who use the conventional learning model and for students who use the Discovery Learning learning model. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in knowledge between students who use conventional learning models and students who use Discovery Learning learning models in the Science Concept Basic courses.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY UNTUK MENGETAHUI KETERAMPILAN DASAR BEKERJA ILMIAH MAHASISWA IAIN PALU

This study aims to determine the differences in knowledge of basic scientific work skills in students in the classroom. This research uses the Quasi Experiment method with The Non Equivalent, Pretest-Postest Design research design. The research sample consisted of 30 PGMI IAIN Palu students. The sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling. Data collection techniques are using observation sheets. Data analysis techniques using the Normality test, Homogeneity test, and t test using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and Microsoft Excel programs. The results showed the significance value of Sig (2-Tailed) was 0.00 &lt;0.05 which means that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Obtained from data on differences in knowledge of basic scientific work skills for students who use the conventional learning model and for students who use the Discovery Learning learning model. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in knowledge between students who use conventional learning models and students who use Discovery Learning learning models in the Science Concept Basic courses.

Rapid Training in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for a Large Health System.

Background: Despite the rapid integration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) into intensive care units over the past decade, established programs for training critical care clinicians to provide ECMO are lacking.Objective: To evaluate the development and implementation of a multidisciplinary ECMO training program for the rapid deployment of ECMO training for a high volume of critical care clinicians.Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study examining a program for rapid training of multiple disciplines of critical care clinicians to deliver ECMO during the implementation of ECMO services across the intensive care units of an academic tertiary care center between October 2018 and January 2019. The multidisciplinary ECMO training program included didactic and simulation-based teaching and emphasized new, universal clinical protocols to improve consistency of care across the institution. Pre- and post-program written examinations evaluated knowledge acquisition, and an electronically distributed program evaluation assessed perceptions of content and delivery.Results: Among the 97 clinicians who completed the program, 49 (51%) were physicians and 48 (49%) were advanced practice providers from the departments of surgery (n = 42), medicine (n = 29), and anesthesia (n = 26). There was a significant difference in knowledge about ECMO between the pre- and post-program examination score (median [interquartile range] 70% [60–80%] vs. 90% [80–90%], respectively, P < 0.001). The median (interquartile range) individual gain from pre- to post-program score was 20% (10–30%). The program was perceived as useful and applicable to safe care.Conclusion: Rapid deployment of a multidisciplinary ECMO training program across a large academic center was feasible, achieved knowledge acquisition, and was positively perceived.

Management of Cocoa Black Pod Disease by Farmers in Edo State, Nigeria: The Role of Farmer Field School

The specific objectives of the study were to find the contribution of FFS training in control of the disease; examine the role of FFS in improving farmers’ competency in management of black pod disease, and determine the proportion of farmers that benefited from FFS training on management of black pod disease. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 76 FFS farmers and 74 other farmers, and various descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to analyze data. The results showed that FFS played a major role in improving FFS farmers’ competency in the management of black pod disease. The t-tests conducted showed significant differences in knowledge between FFS farmers and other farmers.

PENGARUH PENYULUHAN HIV/AIDS TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 SEPAUK KABUPATEN SINTANG

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) was a virus that attacks the human immune system that can cause AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome). AIDS was a collection of symptoms that arise from a decrease in the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine differences between knowledge and attitudes of Senior High School Number 1 Sepauk students before and after HIV / AIDS counselling. The research’s method used was a quantitative method with the design of One Group Pre-test Post-test conducted the first observation (pre-test) that allows testing the changes that occur after the experiment (program). The research sample was taken using a convenience sample technique of 40 students. The results showed that HIV / AIDS counselling could improve students' knowledge of 2.9, namely from 90.28 (before HIV / AIDS counselling was conducted) changed to 93.18. T-test results obtained p value = 0.022 meaning that statistically there were significant differences in knowledge before and after HIV / AIDS counselling. HIV / AIDS counselling can improve students' attitudes 1.57, from 92.25 (before HIV / AIDS counselling) changes to 93.82 (after HIV / AIDS counselling). It could be concluded that counselling need to be conducted continuously to students to improve knowledge and change the attitudes of high school students 1 Sepauk Sintang Regency. Keywords: Counselling, HIV / AIDS, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Students.

Postharvest Handling Knowledge and Practices among Food Handlers on Mycotoxigenic Molds Contamination in Maize Based Diets in School Meals Program in Salima District, Malawi

Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the postharvest handling knowledge and practices among food handlers on mycotoxigenic molds contamination in maize based diets in School Meals Program in Salima District, Malawi.&#x0D; Study Design: This was cross-sectional study with qualitative and quantitative component.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Salima district, Central Malawi, between August and November, 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: The study used a structured questionnaire which was administered to 124 individual food handlers which were purposively selected from 31 primary schools. The simple random sampling technique was used to select the 31 primary schools among those implementing home-grown school meals program. The food handlers included School Meals Cooks, Food Suppliers, Food Committee members, and Stores Keepers. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (version 20.0).&#x0D; Results: The results showed that 80% of food handlers had high knowledge of causes of mycotoxigenic molds contamination in maize foods, 47% had moderate knowledge of health effects of mycotoxigenic molds, while 50% had moderate knowledge of control measures of mycotoxigenic molds in maize foods. Eighty-five percent (85%) were not aware of mycotoxins contamination in maize foods. Furthermore, the study revealed that 60% of food handlers practiced poor postharvest handling of maize foods during transporting, storage and processing in schools. There were no significant differences in knowledge of mycotoxigenic molds and postharvest handling practices of maize foods across demographic regions among food handlers (P &gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of food handlers had high knowledge of mycotoxigenic molds in maize foods, however they practiced poor postharvest handling which might influence occurrence of mycotoxigenic molds in maize based diets for school children. There is need to educate all stakeholders involved in School meals Programme on mycotoxins and postharvest handling of maize foods to prevent school children from the risk of mycotoxins exposure.

Type I Diabetes Self-management With Game-Based Interventions for Pediatric and Adolescent Patients.

Type 1 diabetes is a disease with a peak diagnosis between the ages of 10 and 14 and carries with it required intensive lifestyle changes. Disease self-management is essential for adequate metabolic control to prevent acute and long-term complications. Yet common methods of diabetes self-management education, such as lectures or pamphlets, lead to low knowledge, engagement, and clinical outcomes. Game-based learning has led to increased motivation, engagement, and productivity overall with substantial increases in self-management of chronic diseases in children. The purpose of this article is to review and synthesize literature on the impact on self-management knowledge, behavior, and engagement of the game-based interventions of serious games and gamification for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nine studies were reviewed. Results showed statistically significant differences in knowledge, behavior, and engagement in response to the game-based interventions. Knowledge outcomes were found most significant in serious game interventions, while behavioral outcomes were predominantly found in gamification/serious game combination interventions. Findings also reveal there was inconsistent use of theories for game development and moderate to low quality of evidence across studies. While the nine studies reviewed strongly demonstrate the potential of game-based tools to significantly improve type 1 diabetes self-management care, further studies with expanded and more rigorous study parameters are recommended before an outright change in practice may be applied. The potential impact of the clinical nurse leader in the use and research of game-based interventions is also discussed.

Conocimiento en la prescripción de ejercicio físico en los profesionales de atención primaria de la región de Murcia

ObjectiveTo determine if the Primary Health care professionals prescribe physical exercise (PE) using adequate knowledge criteria. Material and methodA comparative cross-sectional descriptive and observational study carried out in 32 health centres in the Region of Murcia. A total of 476 doctors and 327 nurses were included. A questionnaire was administered to all of them, in which the variables analysed were: Level of overall and specific knowledge by blocks of pathologies (lipids, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and generalities) on the prescribing of PE to patients with cardiovascular risk, as well as related variables associated with the quality of prescribing PE. ResultsStatistically significant differences in knowledge were found in the group that recommends heart rate measurement in «30% to 70%» of their patients. Differences in the subgroups were observed in the sections on diabetes (P < 0.05), obesity (P < 0.05), and hypertension (P <0.05). When analysing the knowledge values obtained according to the proportion of patients to whom «very rarely» PE time is specified, significant differences are observed (P <0.05), showing doctors with a higher level of knowledge. The differences were accentuated between both professional groups in the group of respondents who specify time to «less than 30%» of their patients (P <0.01). There are no differences between those professionals who specify time to «more than 31%» of their patients, although the trend shows higher knowledge values among doctors. ConclusionsThe prescription of physical exercise among Primary Care professionals is not carried out using adequate knowledge criteria.

PENGARUH EDUKASI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KONSUMSI TABLET FE DAN KADAR HB PADA IBU HAMIL

Anemia mempunyai efek negatif terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin. Anemia dapat menyebabkan penyulit dalam kehamilan, persalinan, bahkan kematian ibu dan anak. Konsumsi tablet Fe memberikan efek positif terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh edukasi terhadap efektivitas konsumsi tablet Fe dan kadar Hb pada ibu hamil. Metode yang digunakan quasi eksperimental, rancangan non-equivalent-control group design. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 22 orang kelompok intervensi dan 22 orang kelompok kontrol. Analisis data dengan Mc.Nemar, Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon dan t test. Hasil: ada perbedaan yang bermakna pengetahuan subjek penelitian sebelum dan setelah intervensi pada kelompok intervensi, namun pada kelompok kontrol sebaliknya, ada perbedaan yang bermakna pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol setelah intervensi, ada perbedaan bermakna kepatuhan minum tablet besi antara kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol, terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar hb sebelum dan setelah intervensi, baik pada kelompok intervensi maupun kelompok kontrol, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kadar hb ibu hamil kelompok intervensi dengan kontrol. Kesimpulan: terdapat pengaruh edukasi terhadap kepatuhan minum tablet besi dan peningkatan kadar Hb ibu hamil.

Knowledge and Perception Towards Universal Safety Precautions During Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Nepal.

The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and perception of COVID-19 and relevant universal safety measures among the Nepalese population. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Nepalese adults from March 29 to April 07, 2020. A 13- and 15- items structured questionnaire assessed the COVID-19 related knowledge and perception of the universal safety measure. Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test evaluated the differences in knowledge between the groups. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21.0 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA). Of the 884 surveys accessed, a total of 871 consented (electronically) and completed the online survey (response rate 98.52%). The median knowledge score of the participants was 10.0 (± 3.0 IQR). Although participants’ overall knowledge score was high, only about half of the participants knew about the concept of quarantine and the ideal distance to be maintained between individuals to prevent the transmission. Though the majority of the participants had positive perception towards universal safety measure of COVID-19, about 18% perceived that coronavirus infected only older people, 11% opined that the infection was highly fatal with no chances of survival and 70% considered that limiting consumptions of poultry and meat would prevent the spread of COVID-19. A statistically significant difference in knowledge was noted by participants’ age, educational status, occupational type, and household monthly income. This study found optimal knowledge and perception of universal safety measures of COVID-19 among the Nepalese population, but misinformation and misunderstanding prevailed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10900-020-00839-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Effectiveness of educational intervention on breastfeeding among primi pregnant women- a longitudinal study

BackgroundBreast milk is a unique source of nutrition. All mothers can adequately and appropriately breastfeed when they have accurate information and skilled practical help. Objectives1. To assess the knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding among primi Pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. 2. To assess the effect of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice among women after delivery. Materials and methodsa prospective intervention study was conducted involving 70 primigravidae women attending the antenatal clinic of JSS Hospital, Mysuru. Baseline knowledge and attitude towards Breastfeeding was assessed, and socio-demographic details were collected. Breastfeeding Education was given through a printed booklet in local language for this study purpose. The women were followed up for three times post-delivery, within one week, at the end of 3rd month and 6th month of delivery. ResultsPre-intervention knowledge was found to be poor in all the participants; the statistically significant difference in knowledge and attitude level was found between three follow up. After the delivery, 58.6% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within 1 h, 17.1% gave prelacteals and 90% of mothers fed colostrum. At six month exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding and bottle feeding was followed by 45.7%, 48.6% and 35.7% of mothers respectively. Conclusionknowledge of breastfeeding benefits and correct method has to be given to the women during pregnancy itself to empower and encourage them to follow the exclusive Breastfeeding and proper infant feeding practices.

Identification and Management of Perinatal Depression: Differences between Healthcare Providers

Objective: Pilot data was collected to examine providers’ beliefs, knowledge, self-efficacy, barriers, and practices related to perinatal depression and how they may differ across provider types. Background: High prevalence and detrimental impact of depression during pregnancy and the first year postpartum (i.e. perinatal period) on maternal and child health outcomes highlights the need for improving diagnosis and treatment during this critical period. Healthcare providers play a significant role in helping to identify and manage perinatal depression. Methods: Ninety-nine providers (e.g. physicians, nurses, mental health workers, public health practitioners) who provide care to pregnant women in Colorado completed a 64-item online survey. Results: Although 94% of providers reported it was their responsibility to recognize perinatal depression, variations across specialties with regards to responsibility to treat were found. Most providers (91%) reported use of a screening tool for depression, 60% of providers provide counseling on perinatal depression, and 80% of providers refer patients for treatment of perinatal depression on at least a monthly basis. Significant differences in knowledge, self-efficacy, current practices, and perceived patient barriers were found across provider specialties. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for expansion of online training programs to increase awareness of mental health resources in the community, improve confidence related to diagnosis and treatment of perinatal mood disorders, and to enhance communication between mental health specialists and healthcare providers in order to effectively identify and manage maternal depression.

Effectiveness of community empowerment in waste management program to create sustainable tourism in Karawang, West Java

This research aims at evaluating the effectiveness of Karawang community empowerment program in order to create sustainable tourism. The innovation of the community development and empowerment program is direct training for those who can improve the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the community in realizing sustainable tourism in Karawang. This research is experimental research with the cross-sectional approach because of the data obtained through treatment in a short time to compare differences in knowledge before and after treatment (counseling and training). The research subjects of this study were productive age housewives consisting of 30 people. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that the results of the questionnaire showed that most participants had a very positive reaction to this community development and empowerment activity. The results of the analysis by the Wilcoxon test showed that negative ranks were 0, positive ranks were 25, and ties were 2. From the results of tests given to participants, it was known that in general, the participants experienced an increase in waste management value by 24%. This shows that community development and empowerment carried out in Segaran Village, Karawang, West Java showed a positive impact. There are significant differences in knowledge and skills between before training and after training. This results can be applied to the development and empowerment of communities in various other aspects, especially in increasing the potential of a region to support sustainable tourism.