Significant Difference In Diameters Research Articles

Influence of significant difference in diameters of ureters on the possibility and effectiveness of ureteroureterostomy in the treatment of obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy is increasingly used as a surgical correction method for obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney. A complicating factor for this technique may be a significant difference between the diameters of the ureters. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy in patients with obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney with a twofold or more difference in ureter diameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 14 children who underwent laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy for obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney at Almazov National Medical Research Centre between 2021 and 2023, in 10 patients (71.4%), the diameter of the “donor” ureter exceeded the diameter of the “recipient” ureter two times or more. RESULTS: In most patients, the indication for surgery was obstructive megaureter of the segment. All patients underwent laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy, proximal in 90% of cases and distal in one child. One of five patients underwent transurethral resection of the ureterocele as the first stage of operative treatment. The only complication observed in the postoperative period in the presented patients was a stent-associated urinary tract infection, which was treated conservatively. One child (10%) required ureter reimplantation with stump resection after ureteroureterostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy is a safe and effective method for surgical correction of obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney although a significant difference is noted between the diameters of the “donor” and “recipient” ureters. This factor does not reduce the effectiveness of ureteroureterostomy and does not lead to an increased risk of postoperative complications and reoperations. Thus, laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy can be used in patients with obstructive uropathies of the duplicated kidney.

Dynamics of two unequal micron-sized viscous emulsion drops flowing in a two-dimensional constricted microcapillary channel: A numerical study

Emulsions containing unequal-sized droplets are ubiquitous. Compared to the equal-sized emulsion droplet coalescence process in porous media, unequal-sized emulsion droplets show distinctly different dynamics and features when flowing through the capillary channel. In this paper, we numerically studied the flow of two unequal small micron-size emulsion drops flowing in a two-dimensional (2D) half-sine pulse shape constricted tube. The finite element method solves the momentum, continuity, and level set equations. The oil–water interface is tracked using the level set method. Effects of drop size, capillary number (interfacial tension), viscosity ratio, and geometrical shape constriction effects on the droplets' flow behavior across the throat, its flow velocities, and average viscous pressure across the tube were investigated. It is found when there is a significant difference in diameters of the two un-equalized droplets, they will flow separately through the throat, whereas when the two un-equalized droplets’ size is close to each other, they coalescence with each other after passing through the constriction. Higher interfacial tension leads unequal-sized droplets to coalescence more readily while droplets pass without coalescence at low interfacial tension cases. The highest pressure drop is recorded at the critical point where the two unequal-sized droplets begin to merge in the constriction throat. Increasing droplet viscosity reduces the chances of coalescence and increases the average viscous pressure drop hence leading to mobility reduction. In the case of geometrical constrictions, circular-shaped contracted tubes offer the least resistance to fluid flow and are more appropriate for enhanced oil recovery processes. We hope our numerical findings will provide more information to facilitate the enhanced oil recovery process.

Comparison of Urinary Calculi Size Between Bone and Soft Tissue Window in Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography is an important technique for imaging the urinary calculi using cross sectional images. The size and site of the calculi are significant aspect that are necessary for treatment. Therefore, present study aims to compare diameters of calculi measured using bone and soft tissue window settings in CT and also determinesmost frequent site for occurrence of calculi in urinary system. This is a retrospective study including total of 126 patients (91 males, 35 females, age range: 20-50 years). The patients who had undergone non contrast enhanced computed tomography of Kidney Ureter and Bladder (NCCT KUB) and diagnosed with urinary calculi were included in study. For each calculus found on CT image, two diameters such as maximum diameter and perpendicular diameter was measured on coronal plane using soft tissue and bone window settings. Site of calculi was also noted.To compare diameters measured using soft tissue and bone window settings Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used.Mean of maximum diameter and perpendicular diameter of the calculi measured by soft tissue and bone window settings in CT was 0.74±0.5, 0.82 ±1.8 and 0.79 ± 0.5 ,0.67 ± 0.49 respectively. It was found that there was significant difference in diameters of calculi measured using soft tissue and bone window setting (p<0.0001). The study concludes that there was mean difference of0.08 cms and 0.12 cms for maximum axial diameter and perpendicular diameter respectively measured using soft tissue and bone window settings in CT. Calculi in kidneys was most common site in our study population.

A primary analysis on measuring repeatability of the maximum diameter between CT and MR imaging for lung cancers.

To investigate the measurement reproducibility of the maximum diameter on MRI routine sequence (T1WI, T2WI, DWI) and CT in peripheral and central lung cancer, and to provide reference standard for evaluating treatment responses for lung cancer. 53 patients with lung cancer underwent CT and 3.0T MR scanning. The maximum diameter was measured according to the RECIST1.1 standard on images of CT (lung and enhanced mediastinal window), MRI T2-BLADE, axial T1-VIBE and DWIb0, DWIb300, DWIb800, respectively. The reproducibility of the diameters was analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the distribution of measurement points with the Bland-Altman method. The difference analysis was assessed by paired samples t-test and nonparametric rank sum test, P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Reproducibility of diameters derived from routine MRI and CT was good (ICC > 0.75). For peripheral lung cancer, there was no significant difference in diameters between CT and MRI. While for central lung cancer, there was significant difference in diameters measured between using CT and each MRI sequence. However, the diameters derived from T1-VIBE and T2-BLADE were not significantly different from all DWI sequences. For peripheral lung cancer, the measurement on CT and routine MRI sequences can potentially replace each other after comprehensive consideration of examination purposes, but for central lung cancer, alternative use of CT and MRI in evaluating treatment responses for lung cancer should needs extra attention. The diameter measurement of lung cancer on DWI is consistent with that on T1WI and T2WI, suggesting that DWI can provide functional and morphological information.

Ascending Aortic Diameter after Dissection Does Not Reflect Size before Dissection

IntroductionCurrent guidelines for prophylactic resection of ascending aortic aneurysms are based on post-dissection aortic diameter. However, this may not reflect the diameter prior to dissection.ReportPre- and post-dissection aortic diameters were compared in 34 patients with available computerised tomography scans. The median time interval between these scans was 536 days (interquartile range 354 – 1237).DiscussionThere was a statistically significant difference in diameters from the sinotubular junction to the proximal abdominal aorta, the largest was in the ascending aorta with a mean of 7.6 mm (standard deviation 4.5). This suggests that the ascending aortic diameter is a poor predictor of dissection in most patients.

EP31.11: Reference ranges for uterine vein diameters

Pelvic varicosities (PV) are said to contribute to pelvic pain, however there is no universal consensus for a dilated pelvic vein. The aim of this study was to provide a reference range for uterine vein diameters in women with normal pelvic organs. This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Exclusion criteria included age<18 years, previous hysterectomy, contraindication to/declining TVS. The largest trunk of the uterine venous plexus was identified in the transverse plane on each side. The maximum antero-posterior vessel diameter was measured and the mean of three measurements was taken as the representative value. Histograms were used to examine the shape of the distributions and normal ranges were quantified by calculating centiles. A comparison between left and right uterine veins were made using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. 486/1500 (32%) women had normal pelvic organs on ultrasound scan and were included in the final analysis. The median age and BMI were 37 years (IQR: 31 – 48) and 22.3 (IQR: 20.4 – 25.3) respectively. 227/486 were nulliparous. Then median diameter was 3.1mm (range 1.2 – 11.5). There was no significant difference in diameters between the left and right side (p = 0.37). This study provides a reference range for uterine veins in women with normal pelvic organs using TVS. The overall median diameters were equal bilaterally, with no statistical difference between the two sides. In previous studies, a diameter of 4mm would be regarded as dilated and hence women being diagnosed with PV. Our findings show that what may previously been regarded as dilated and a cause for pain, may be within the normal spectrum. EP31.11: Table 1. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Characteristics of Xanthomonas cucurbitae Isolates from Pumpkins and Survival of the Bacterium in Pumpkin Seeds.

This study was conducted to determine characteristics of Xanthomonas cucurbitae, the causal agent of bacterial spot of pumpkin, and survival of the bacterium in pumpkin seeds. Fourteen X. cucurbitae isolates from the north central region of the United States, along with the X. cucurbitae strain 23378 from the American Type Culture Collection, were included in this study. The range of minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for colony development of X. cucurbitae were 4 to 6°C, 24 to 30°C, and 34 to 36°C, respectively. Optimum pH for colony development ranged from 6.5 to 8.0. Leaves of 3-week-old pumpkins 'Howden' and 'Dickinson' were inoculated with X. cucurbitae isolates (108 CFU/ml). There was a significant difference in the postinoculation periods for appearance of bacterial lesions on the leaves among the isolates; however, there was no significant difference in diameters of the lesions on each of the pumpkin cultivar 7 days after inoculation. Four of the isolates caused significantly larger lesions on 'Dickinson' leaves than 'Howden' leaves. Naturally infected 'Howden' pumpkin and inoculated 'Dickinson' pumpkin seeds with X. cucurbitae were stored at 4 and 22°C. X. cucurbitae was isolated from both naturally infected and inoculated seeds 24 months after storage at both 4 and 22°C, and the isolated bacteria were pathogenic.

Doxorubicin induced histomorphometric changes in testes of albino rat

Anticancer drugs like doxorubicin have been found to affect male gonads thereby leading to infertility. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of doxorubicin over short, mid and long term on testes of male albino rats. Sixty male albino rats aged 6-8 weeks were taken for study. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of experimental (each group containing 10 rats) and 3 groups of control (each group containing 10 rats). The experimental groups were given a single dose of doxorubicin i.e. 10 mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneally and sacrificed after 3 different duration for each group (second week, eighth week and sixteenth week). All rats under 3 control groups were given a single intra-peritoneal dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight normal saline and sacrificed with their respective experimental groups. Significant difference in diameters (p=0.029) and cross-sectional area (p=0.028) of seminiferous tubules was observed between short term experimental and short term control rats. For both between midterm experimental and midterm control group, and between long term experimental and long term control group, a significant difference in right testis weight (p&lt;0.001 for both), left testis weight (p&lt;0.001 for both), volume of testis (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.038), diameter (p&lt;0.001 for both) and area (p&lt;0.001 for both) of seminiferous tubules was observed. As compared to short term experimental group, midterm experimental group and long term experimental group had significantly lower right testis weight (p&lt;0.001 for both), left testis weight (p&lt;0.001 for both), diameter of seminiferous tubule (p&lt;0.001 for both) and cross-sectional area of seminiferous tubule (p&lt;0.001 both). Cross-sections of the seminiferous tubules of all the control groups had normal architecture. However, there was progressive destruction of seminiferous tubules structure across the experimental groups. Doxorubicin has deleterious effect on seminiferous tubules of albino rat testis.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 10-14

High-Pitch Carbon Dioxide Contrasted CT Angiography: Pilot Study

This study was designed to evaluate CO2 computed tomography angiography (CO2-CTA) of the iliac and lower limb arteries in patients with contraindications for iodinated contrast agent (ICA). Five patients with contraindications for ICA were examined using CO2-fluoroscopic enhanced angiography (CO2-FLA) and CO2-CTA using a high-pitch examination protocol. Objective (vessel diameter) and subjective (visual score) image quality parameters were evaluated. Pathological findings in both modalities were compared. CO2-CTA was feasible in all patients without adverse side effects, except for CO2 injection-associated pain. Objective vessel analysis revealed no significant difference in diameters as determined by CO2-CTA and CO2-FLA (0.44 ± 0.4 and 0.46 ± 0.41 mm, p = 0.93). CO2-CTA had on average a higher image-quality score (2.6 ± 1.0 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0, p = 0.009). While for pelvic and upper leg CO2-CTA advantageous (3.1 ± 0.74 vs. 2.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.0014) at good quality scores, for calf vessels no significant improvement was visible (1.9 ± 1.0 vs. 1.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.49) and scores were poorer. CO2-CTA with high-pitch CT was feasible in a limited number of patients. Image-quality scores were on average higher for CO2-CTA than for CO2-FLA, while limited imaging quality in the vessels below the knee needs further work on the CT protocol. An added value of cross-sectional imaging was apparent but needs further quantification.

Design, development and performance evaluation of chapati press cum vermicelli extruder

Portable and manually operated chapati press cum vermicelli extruder device was designed and fabricated for the preparation of chapatis and vermicelli. Sensory evaluation overall quality scores of 50.15 and 48.4 for pressed chapatis and rolled chapatis respectively showed that quality of chapatis was not adversely affected as a result of mechanical pressing. The difference in chapati making time by manual rolling and machine pressing was 17s per chapati and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Combined machine produced more numbers of chapatis as machine press time per chapati was 12s compared to 29s of manual sheeting time. The observed variation in 1.5mm thickness and 173.8mm diameter from chapati to chapati was of the order of ± 0.1mm and 1.93mm respectively. Pressed chapati repeatability results indicated that there was no significant difference in diameters of the samples. Appearance quality characteristics scores of 8 and 7 for 2mm and 3mm diameter vermicelli respectively indicated smooth and uniform surface characteristics. Sensory evaluation of the cooked vermicelli indicated no significant difference (p > 0.05) between 2mm and 3mm diameter vermicelli. Cooked weight (72.8g) and water absorption (191.2%) of 2mm diameter vermicelli was more compared to 3mm diameter vermicelli (51.75g, 107%). This machine can also be used as a laboratory model as products of consistent thickness and diameter were obtained.

Morphological and physiological properties of serotonergic neurons in dissociated cultures from the postnatal rat dorsal raphe nucleus

We have developed dissociated primary cultures of the dorsal raphe nucleus from postnatal 9–12-day-old rats. The nucleus was dissected out from brain slices, dissociated, and cultured over a glial feeder layer. Serotonin immunocytochemistry revealed that 62% of cultured neurons were serotonergic. There was no significant difference in diameters between serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons. With the whole-cell patch-clamp method, cultured neurons were tested for responses to 8-hydroxydipropylaminotetraline (8-OH-DPAT, a selective agonist for 5-HT 1A), and then treated with serotonin immunocytochemistry. Ninety-two percent of neurons responding to 8-OH-DPAT were serotonergic. These results were used to identify serotonergic neurons. In most cases, serotonergic neurons did not show spontaneous firings of action potentials. Constant current depolarizations elicited trains of action potentials that usually did not show marked adaptation. Application of 8-OH-DPAT inhibited action potential firing. The current–voltage relation of the 8-OH-DPAT-induced current indicated an inward rectification with its reversal potential near E K. Serotonergic neurons were depolarized by phenylephrine, bombesin, and gastrin-releasing peptide. This culture system will serve as a useful tool for elucidating the cellular, physiological, and molecular properties of brain serotonergic neurons.

Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy: Characteristics in long-term follow-up

Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) is described as left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with the phenomenon of “apical ballooning”, rapidly resolving, without coronary artery stenoses. Methods Fifteen patients with TTC and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at their admission, were reviewed (2001 to 2006). Follow-up (F/U) TTE was performed in varying intervals. To compare diameters of posterior wall (PW), interventricular septum (IVS), left atrium (LA), LV in end-diastole (LVED) and LV in end-systole (LVES) and valve insufficiencies, patients with comparable F/U are selected. Results Fourteen patients were female (mean age 69.6 years). Angiography demonstrated LV systolic dysfunction with mean ejection fraction (EF) of 31.3%. In the acute-phase (day 0 to day 3), TTE showed a mean EF of 35.7%, not significantly different from EF obtained in angiography. Short-term F/U was performed in 9 patients after median time-interval of 20 days with an increase to a mean EF of 58.8%. F/U in 2006 has been performed in 10 patients (median time-interval 18.7 months) and showed normal EF. No significant difference in diameters of LA, LVED and LVES could be obtained comparing baseline and long-term data ( p = 0.493, p = 0.790 and p = 0.275). PW and IVS were significantly thicker at baseline compared to TTE {greater than or equal to} day 62 of F/U ( p = 0.003 and p = 0.026). At baseline mitral valve insufficiency (MI) was mild in 50.0% and moderate in 12.5%, mild and moderate tricuspid valve insufficiency (TI) was recognized in 50% (25% respectively). MI and TI were regredient in F/U. In three patients an intraventricular systolic flow acceleration could be detected in the acute phase. Conclusions Characteristics of TTC, besides transient LV apical ballooning are also a significant change in LV wall thickness and reversible valve insufficiencies.

In vivo growth suppression of rat C6 glioma transplanted in rat brain using antisense oligonucleotide for microtubule-associated protein 1A messenger ribonucleic acid

Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are essential for various cellular processes such as mitosis. The aim of this study was to verify that the suppression of MAP 1A using antisense oligonucleotide can suppress the in vivo proliferation of C6 glioma cells transplanted in rat brain. After 7 days from transplantation, antisense, sense or scramble phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide for MAP 1A mRNA was gradually delivered into the established tumours through a mini-osmotic pump. The mean diameters of the tumours from rats treated with antisense, sense and scramble phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide for MAP 1A mRNA were 2.33, 4.625 and 5.25 mm. There was statistically significant difference in diameters of tumours between rats treated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, and those treated with sense or scramble oligodeoxynucleotide. This study strongly suggests the important role of MAP 1A in cell proliferation and its suppression may serve as a novel antitumour therapy for gliomas.