Significant Differences In Average Scores Research Articles

Abstract A027: Ethnic variations in breast cancer risk factors distribution in Guam, HIPIMR study

Abstract Background: Guam has significant ethnic disparities in breast cancer incidence, with rates varying from 46.7 per 100,000 among Asian women to 137.5 per 100,000 among Micronesian women. Incidence rates for Filipino, CHamoru (indigenous people), and White women are 59.8, 94.0, and 121.9 per 100,000, respectively (2013-2017). The Hawai‘i and Pacific Island Mammography Registry (HIPIMR), a collaborative effort between the University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center and the University of Guam Cancer Research Center, collects health and breast imaging data to enhance early cancer detection tailored to the unique ethnic profiles of women in Hawai‘i and Guam. This study aims to identify the distribution of breast cancer risk factors among different ethnic groups in women undergoing screening in Guam. Differences in the prevalence of risk factors may explain variations in incidence patterns. Methods: This study included 1,413 women undergoing mammography screening at FHP Health Center in Guam, from November 2023 to May 2024. The risk factors were classified as follows: BMI (≥25), age of menarche (≤13), age of first pregnancy (≥30), number of live births (≤1), age of menopause (≥55), and family history of first-degree relatives. The robust Poisson method was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) of risk factors among ethnic groups, adjusted for age and education. Asians were used as the reference group due to their lowest incidence rates. Furthermore, the total risk score was calculated by summing all the risk factors. ANOVA was used to test the differences in average risk scores among different ethnic groups. Results: All ethnic groups had significantly higher prevalence of being overweight or obese compared to Asian women. The prevalence ratios were highest for Micronesians (PR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.13) and CHamoru (PR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.90). CHamoru women had the highest rates of breast cancer family history (PR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.54). However, CHamoru women had a lower prevalence of having a small number of live births (PR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.65) and an older age at first birth (PR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.96) when compared to Asian women. There was a significant difference in average score among ethnic groups (P<.001). CHamoru women had significantly higher score (2.35) than Filipino (2.08) and Asian (2.00) women. Conclusion: Our study reveals disparities in risk factors across ethnic groups, consistent with the Guam Cancer Registry's reports of high breast cancer rates among Micronesian and CHamoru women. This project is ongoing, with the aim of linking our data with the Guam Cancer Registry. This linkage will enable us to identify breast cancer cases among participants and compare risk factors across different ethnic groups for women with and without breast cancer. Acknowledgement: This research was funded by the National Cancer Institute: The University of Guam/University of Hawaii Cancer Center Partnership to Advance Cancer Health Equity, Grant U54CA143728 (University of Guam, YCP)/Grant U54CA143727 (University of Hawaii Cancer Center). Citation Format: Gian Paras, Su Bin Jin, Rose Grino, Cabrini Aguon, John Shepherd, Grazyna Badowski. Ethnic variations in breast cancer risk factors distribution in Guam, HIPIMR study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A027.

Predictors of cochlear implant outcomes in pediatric auditory neuropathy: A matched case-control study.

Current evidence supports the benefits of cochlear implants (CIs) in children with hearing loss, including those with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). However, there is limited evidence regarding factors that hold predictive value for intervention outcomes. This retrospective case-control study consisted of 66 children with CIs, including 22 with ANSD and 44 with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) matched on sex, age, age at CI activation, and the length of follow-up with CIs (1:2 ratio). The case and control groups were compared in the results of five open-set speech perception tests, and a Forward Linear Regression Model was used to identify factors that can predict the post-CI outcomes. There was no significant difference in average scores between the two groups across five outcome measures, ranging from 88.40% to 95.65%. The correlation matrix revealed that younger ages at hearing aid fitting and CI activation positively influenced improvements in speech perception test scores. Furthermore, among the variables incorporated in the regression model, the duration of follow-up with CIs, age at CI activation, and the utilization of two CIs demonstrated prognostic significance for improved post-CI speech perception outcomes. Children with ANSD can achieve similar open-set speech perception outcomes as children with SNHL. A longer CI follow-up, a lower age at CI activation, and the use of two CIs are predictive for optimal CI outcome.

Central and peripheral contrast sensitivity in thyroid eye disease.

Assessment of central and peripheral contrast sensitivity (CS) in thyroid eye disease (TED) with and without dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). This cross-sectional study enrolled 33 eyes of 18 treatment-naïve TED patients and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for comparative analysis. A detailed ophthalmic examination included visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and CS testing (central and four peripheral regions) using Spaeth-Richman Contrast Sensitivity test was done. The average age of TED patients was 47.17 ± 13.99 years and a female preponderance was noted (66.66%, n = 12). Twenty-five eyes (75.8%) were diagnosed as TED without DON, while eight eyes (24.2%) had DON. Nine eyes (27.2%) were in the active stage of disease and 29 eyes (87.8%) had proptosis. The difference in mean logMAR visual acuities between TED patients and controls was statistically insignificant (P = 0.189), but a significant difference was noted in central and total CS score (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). On CS comparison between DON and non-DON eyes, a significant difference in average scores was noted in central and all peripheral areas (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). With increasing clinical activity score, a statistically significant reduction was noted in CS in three out of four peripheral regions (Spearman correlation, P < 0.05). Visual function compromise can be detected in TED in the presence of intact VA, by testing CS. Peripheral CS deteriorates with increasing inflammation and in DON. Serial monitoring of both central and peripheral CS may help in diagnosing DON early.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Northern Maharashtra

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) contribute significantly among underlying reasons of morbidity and mortality in the health-care system. ADR reporting is the core of pharmacovigilance program but still insufficient reporting by health professionals exists in various part of our country. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of undergraduate medical students about ADR and pharmacovigilance. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Questionnaire was comprising 21 questions to evaluate the KAP of pharmacovigilance among undergraduate medical students. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and analysis of variance test was applied for statistical difference between the groups. Results: One hundred and eighty-six students participated in the study. The average score of 2nd year, 3rd year, and 4th year for knowledge was (4.50, 5.15, and 4.59) and for attitude was (5.37, 5.70, and 5.59) and for practice was (1.14, 1.78, and 1.36). There is a significant difference in average score between groups for knowledge and attitude, but not for practice. They have higher attitude and knowledge, but poor practice regarding pharmacovigilance. Conclusion: Respondent of the study was not completely aware of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. There is an increased need to create awareness and to train students about pharmacovigilance.

Effects of lavender oil on odor elimination, ostomy adjustment and quality of life in patients with permanent colostomy: A randomized controlled trial

PurposeThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of lavender oil on odor elimination, ostomy adjustment and quality of life outcomes in patients with permanent colostomy. Specifically, the study aims to compare the outcomes of an experimental group receiving lavender oil intervention with those of a control group. MethodsA randomized controlled trial design was employed, including an experimental group receiving lavender oil intervention and a control group receiving standard care. The study participants were patients with permanent colostomy. Various variables were assessed, including odor scale, work and social functioning, sexuality and body image, stoma function, financial concerns, acceptance, anxiety/preoccupation, social engagement and anger. ResultsThe post-scores assessment showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in all variables. The experimental group exhibited significantly more positive outcomes concerning the reduction of odor (p<0.001), performance in the workplace (p<0.001), body image connected to sexuality (p<0.001), stoma functionality (p<0.001), financial worries (p=0.005), acceptance levels (p<0.001), anxiety levels (p<0.001), social involvement (p<0.001), and irritability (p<0.001). Effect sizes were substantial (=0.88-0.98 in all variables but one), indicating significant differences in average scores before and after the intervention. ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that lavender oil intervention effectively improved odor elimination, ostomy adjustment and quality of life outcomes in patients with permanent colostomy.

Penerapan metode running dictation untuk meningkatkan penguasaan kosa kata Bahasa Arab di MI Mambaul Huda

Mufrodat learning is crucial for student understanding. If students comprehend and grasp the meanings of mufrodat within a chapter, it is almost guaranteed that subsequent learning will become more manageable. However, in practice, many students face challenges when learning Arabic due to their incomplete mastery of mufrodat. One of the reasons for this is the suboptimal and often unengaging methods used to teach mufrodat, which can lead to student boredom and hinder their ability to grasp the meanings of mufrodat. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how the application of the running dictation method can enhance the mastery of Arabic language vocabulary among students at MI Mambaul Huda Turen, Malang. This research follows a quantitative approach and employs the pre-experimental One Group Pre-test-Post-test Design method. The selected sample consists of all students in the third-grade class, who make up the experimental group. The data collection instrument used comprises multiple-choice test sheets administered through both pre-tests and post-tests. Based on the results of the Paired Samples Test, it is evident that the two-tailed significance value is 0.000. Since 0.00 is less than 0.05, we can conclude that there exists a significant difference in average scores between pre-test learning outcomes and post-test learning outcomes when using the running dictation method to improve vocabulary mastery (mufrodat) among third-grade students at MI Mambaul Huda Turen, Malang. This research paves the way for future investigations to further develop the running dictation method in Arabic language learning, extending its utility beyond mufrodat to other linguistic skills. Keywords: Improvement of Arabic Vocabulary Mastery, Running Dictation Method

Meningkatkan Jiwa Wirausaha Melalui Pengembangan Pembelajaran Berbasis Produk Pada Siswa SMK

This research and development aim to evaluate the learning of creative products and entrepreneurship at Muhammadiyah 1 Vocational High School in Surakarta, develop product-based learning, and assess its suitability in fostering entrepreneurial spirit. The development method used is ADDIE, with 30 students from Class XII A as the experimental group, and 25 students from Class XII B as the control group. The research design adopts a quasi-experimental design known as the non-equivalent control group design. Data were collected through validation, observation, and questionnaires. The study results indicate that the current learning approach in this school is teacher-centered. However, the implementation of product-based learning using the ADDIE model effectively enhances students' entrepreneurial spirit. The T-test shows a significant difference in average scores between the experimental group (27.22) and the control group (2.944). Additionally, the N-Gain test indicates higher effectiveness (64.7450) for product-based learning compared to traditional methods (7.0428). Overall, this research proposes a highly suitable model for the development of product-based learning at Muhammadiyah 1 Vocational High School in Surakarta, with an emphasis on fostering entrepreneurial spirit

Survey on the awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge among residents aged 18-64 in Shanghai in 2021

To analyze the nutrition and health knowledge of residents aged 18-64 in Shanghai, and to understand the level of nutrition and health knowledge and its influencing factors. The total of 6518 residents aged 18-64 years old in Shanghai were selected by stratified random sampling in 2021. The subjects were grouped by gender, age, education levels, occupations, and regions. The awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge and its influencing factors were investigated using the questionnaire and scoring standard designed by National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Household survey, face-to-face questioning by surveyors and help to fill in the options. The score of nutrition and health knowledge of residents aged 18-64 in Shanghai was 68.43±12.82, and the awareness rate was 35.78%. The average score(t=-5.04, P&lt;0.01) and awareness rate(χ~2=14.06, P&lt;0.01) of women were significantly higher than men. Significant differences in average scores and awareness rates were found among different groups of ages(F=15.02, P&lt;0.01;χ~2=23.46, P&lt;0.01), education levels(F=191.45, P&lt;0.01;χ~2=210.29, P&lt;0.01), occupations(F=99.17, P&lt;0.01;χ~2=224.12, P&lt;0.01) and regions(F=22.11, P&lt;0.01;χ~2=44.61, P&lt;0.01). The female(OR=1.13, 95%CI 1.02-1.25), high school education and above(OR=1.68-2.85) had better knowledge of nutrition and health. While 18-34 years(OR=0.69-0.74), people engaged in non-medical health institutions(OR=0.46-0.70) and living in non-urban central areas(OR=0.74-0.81) had poorer awareness of nutrition and health knowledge. The awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge among residents aged 18-64 in Shanghai is still upside potential.

The Impact of Lymphedema on Patient-Reported Outcomes After Breast Reconstruction: A Preliminary Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Studies on the impact of secondary lymphedema on patient-reported satisfaction and quality of life following postmastectomy breast reconstruction are limited by their heterogeneity. We aimed to reduce heterogeneity in study sample populations and compare BREAST-Q Reconstruction Module scores of patients with lymphedema matched to patients without lymphedema. We identified patients who underwent postmastectomy breast reconstruction from 2009 to 2017 and performed a propensity score-matched analysis to compare patient-reported outcomes of patients who developed lymphedema with those who did not. Matched covariates included age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, smoking history, radiation or chemotherapy exposure, postoperative infection, and reconstruction modality and laterality. Outcomes of interest were pre- and postoperative BREAST-Q scores for Satisfaction with Breasts, Physical Well-being of the Chest, Sexual Well-Being, and Psychosocial Well-Being; the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was four points. Matched cohorts included 322 patients per group. Preoperative BREAST-Q scores did not differ between lymphedema and non-lymphedema matched cohorts. PostoperativeBREAST-Q scores were significantly lower in lymphedema patients: Physical Well-Being of the Chest (all time points), Satisfaction with Breast (at 1and 2 years),Sexual Well-Being (at 2 years),and Psychosocial Well-Being (at 2 and 3 years).All significant differences in average scores were greater thanthe MCID. Patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema reported significantly lower Physical Well-Being of the Chest, Satisfaction with Breasts,Sexual Well-Being,and Psychosocial Well-Beingat various time points.Our findings may prove useful for patient counseling and justify the need for further research on the prevention and treatment of this devastating disease.

SP2.1.1Continuous Monitoring and Assessment of Surgical Technical Skills Using Deep Learning

Abstract Aims Excellent surgical technical skills are of paramount importance to perform surgical procedures, safely and efficiently. Virtual reality surgical simulators can both simulate real operations while providing standardized, risk-free surgical hands-on experience. The integration of AI (artificial intelligence) and virtual reality simulators provides opportunities to carry out comprehensive continuous assessments of surgical performance. We developed and tested a deep learning algorithm which can continuously monitor and assess surgical bimanual performance on virtual reality surgical simulators. Methods Fifty participants from four expertise levels (14 experts/neurosurgeons, 14 senior residents, 10 junior residents, 12 medical students) performed a simulated subpial tumor resection 5 times and a complex simulated brain tumor operation once on the NeuroVR platform. Participants were asked to remove the tumors completely while minimizing bleeding and damage to surrounding tissues employing a simulated ultrasonic aspirator and bipolar forceps. A deep neural network continually tracked the surgical performance utilizing 16 performance metrics generated every 0.2-seconds. Results The deep neural network was successfully trained using neurosurgeons and medical students’ data, learning the composites of expertise comparing high and lower skill levels. The trained algorithm was able to score the technical skills of individuals continuously at 0.2-second intervals. Statistically significant differences in average scores were identified between the 4 groups. Conclusions AI-powered surgical simulators provide continuous assessment of bimanual technical skills during surgery which may further define the composites necessary to train surgical expertise. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt in surgery to continuously assess surgical technical skills using deep learning.

Isolating steps instead of learners: Use of deliberate practice and validity evidence in coronavirus disease (COVID)–era procedural assessment

BackgroundIn surgical training, assessment tools based on strong validity evidence allow for standardized evaluation despite changing external circumstances. At a large academic institution, surgical interns undergo a multimodal curriculum for central line placement that uses a 31-item binary assessment at the start of each academic year. This study evaluated this practice within increased in-person learning restrictions. We hypothesized that external constraints would not affect resident performance nor assessment due to a robust curriculum and assessment checklist. MethodsFrom 2018 to 2020, 81 residents completed central line training and assessment. In 2020, this curriculum was modified to conform to in-person restrictions and social distancing guidelines. Resident score reports were analyzed using multivariate analyses to compare performance, objective scoring parameters, and subjective assessments among “precoronavirus disease” years (2018 and 2019) and 2020. ResultsThere were no significant differences in average scores or objective pass rates over 3 years. Significant differences between 2020 and precoronavirus disease years occurred in subjective pass rates and in first-time success for 4 checklist items: patient positioning, draping, sterile ultrasound probe cover placement, and needle positioning before venipuncture. ConclusionModifications to procedural training within current restrictions did not adversely affect residents’ overall performance. However, our data suggest that in 2020, expert trainers may not have ensured learner acquisition of automated procedural steps. Additionally, although 2020 raters could have been influenced by logistical barriers leading to more lenient grading, the assessment tool ensured training and assessment integrity.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CO-OP CO-OP & MAKE A MATCH COMBINATION MODELS IN ONLINE LEARNING

Combining Cooperation-Cooperative (Co-op Co-op) and Make a Match model can stimulate students to be active in online learning. Students were able to construct their knowledge independently by using the Co-op Co-op model. Learning atmosphere became attractive with finding the partner games during the class used the Make a Match model. This combination model made students more active and did not quickly feel bored. This research aimed to know the effectiveness of the Co-op Co-op and Make a Match model in online learning for based competency in operating survey tools and mapping to improve students’ achievement. The current research used quasi-experiment research. The experiment class consists of 35 ten grade students of Building Information Modeling (DPIB) one, while the control class consists of 36 ten grade students of Building Information Modeling (DPIB) two. Pre-test and post-test were given by using Google form to both groups. The average score of N-Gain achieved 75,9%, which means the implementation learning model was effective to advance students’ achievement. Independent sample T-test got T count = 4,59 > T. It can be said there was a significant difference in average score between experiment and control group. Furthermore, the students’ interest questionnaire achieved 84,5. In conclusion, Co-op Co-op and Make a Match model in online learning by using supporting tools (Google Meet, WhatApp group, etc.) not only effective to improve students’ achievement but also got positive responses from the participants. The teacher can use this combination model to improve students’ interest and achievement in online learning.

Occupational safety and health in China: junior college students' knowledge from a large cross-sectional survey in Jiangsu Province.

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is important for safeguarding workers during industrialization and pursuing economic benefits. We asked 123,943 junior college students from years 1-5 to complete an online questionnaire about their knowledge of occupational safety and health. A total of 101,577 students responded, with a response rate of 81.96%. The average score and pass rate for all valid respondents were 44.99 ± 12.53 and 75.2%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in average scores and pass rates among students of different genders, levels, number of family members, and school locations. Government departments should increase investment in Occupational Safety and Health education for students in poverty-stricken areas, and should conduct regular assessments of students' knowledge. Junior colleges should also strengthen learning in occupational health education.

Brief counseling by pharmacists enhances the knowledge, perceptions, and compliance of first and second-trimester pregnant women consuming ferrous fumarate at Jetis Community Health Center of Yogyakarta

In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy increased from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. It plays a significant part in elevated maternal mortality and perinatal rates. This research aimed to determine the influence of a brief counseling intervention by pharmacists based on the ‘5A’ strategy that had been modified to include the knowledge, perceptions, and compliance of pregnant women with the recommended consumption of ferrous fumarate as anemia treatment and prevention. It is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The data were collected prospectively from December 2018 to February 2019. The sample consisted of 26 respondents, divided into a control group and an intervention group. Each group comprised 13 pregnant women in their first and second trimester (ranging from 12 to 27 weeks). The knowledge, perceptions, and compliance in each group were measured on the first day of visit (Day 1; pretest) and Day 31 (posttest) after the intervention. The results showed a significant difference in average scores between the pretest and posttest in the intervention group (p&lt;0.001 for knowledge, perceptions, and compliance parameters) but an insignificant difference in the control group (p=0.185, p=0.366, and p=0.111, respectively). Score difference or improvement was determined from the relative risk (RR) values of the three parameters (4.55, 4.54, and 10.29, respectively, with p&lt;0.50). As a conclusion, a brief counseling intervention based on the modified ‘5A’ strategy can enhance the knowledge, perceptions, and compliance of first and second-trimester pregnant women at Jetis Community Health Center with the proper consumption of Fe fumarate as an iron supplement.

أحلام الیقظة وعلاقتها بالتفکیر التأملی لدى الطالبات الموهوبات بمرحلتی المتوسطة والثانویة فی التعلیم بمدینة جدة Daydreams and It's Relation with Reflective Thinking of Gifted Middle and High School Students in Education in Jeddah

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين أحلام اليقظة والتفکير التأملي لدى الطالبات الموهوبات بمدينة جدة، وفيما إذا کانت تختلف تبعا لمتغيرات (نوع التعليم، والمرحلة التعليمية). ووفقا لذلک، تم بناء مقياس أحلام اليقظة، واستخدام مقياس مستويات التفکير التأملي من إعداد کيمبر، وآخرون Kember et al. (2000) والمعرب من قبل ريان (2010)، وطبقت على عينة 96 طالبة تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية في مدارس التعليم بمدينة جدة. وأسفرت وجود علاقة ارتباطيه بين أحلام اليقظة الإيجابية، والتفکير التأملي لدى الطالبات الموهوبات بمدارس التعليم بجدة، کما أظهرت النتائج عن وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متوسطات الدرجات لدى الطالبات الموهوبات علي مقياس أحلام اليقظة ذات المحتوى الإيجابي تبعا لمتغير نوع التعليم، ولصالح طالبات المدارس الحکومية، في حين لم تظهر فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متوسطات الدرجات لدى الطالبات الموهوبات علي مقياس أحلام اليقظة تبعا لمتغير المرحلة التعليمية، ولم توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متوسطات الدرجات لدى الطالبات الموهوبات علي مقياس مستوى التفکير التأملي تبعا لمتغير المرحلة (متوسط- ثانوي)، کما لم توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متوسطات الدرجات لدى الطالبات الموهوبات علي مقياس مستوى التفکير التأملي تبعا لمتغير نوع التعليم. This study aimed to identify the relationship between daydream and Reflective Thinking among female students gifted in Jeddah، and whether they differ according to the variables (a type of education، educational stage). Accordingly، the measure of daydreams and the use of the measure of reflective thinking levels was developed by Kimber، et al. (2000) and by Ryan (2010)، and was applied to a sample of 96 randomly selected students in the Jeddah schools of education. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the average scores of female students gifted on the scale of daydreams with positive content according to the variable of the type of education، and in favor of female students in public schools، While there were no statistically significant differences in the average scores of female students gifted on the scale of daydreams according to the variable of the educational stage. There were no statistically significant differences in the average scores of the female students gifted on the scale of thinking level depending variable the stage (secondary- middle School)، ​​and there were no statistically significant differences in average scores among female students gifted on a scale level of reflective thinking depending variable the type of education differences

Measuring implementation in global mental health: validation of a pragmatic implementation science measure in eastern Ukraine using an experimental vignette design

BackgroundThere is mounting evidence supporting the effectiveness of task-shifted mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, there has been limited systematic scale-up or sustainability of these programs, indicating a need to study implementation. One barrier to progress is a lack of locally relevant and valid implementation measures. We adapted an existing brief dissemination and implementation (D&I) measure which includes scales for acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility and accessibility for local use and studied its validity and reliability among a sample of consumers in Ukraine.MethodsLocal qualitative data informed adaptation of the measure and development of vignettes to test the reliability and validity. Participants were veterans and internally displaced persons (IDPs) recruited as part of a separate validity study of adapted mental health instruments. We examined internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct and criterion validity for each scale on the measure. We randomly assigned half the participants to respond to a vignette depicting existing local psychiatric services which we knew were not well regarded, while the other half was randomized to a vignette describing a potentially more well-implemented mental health service. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing scores on each scale by vignette and by overall summary ratings of the programs described in the vignettes.ResultsN = 169 participated in the qualitative study and N = 153 participated in the validity study. Qualitative findings suggested the addition of several items to the measure and indicated the importance of addressing professionalism/competency of providers in both the scales and the vignettes. Internal consistency reliabilities ranged from α = 0.85 for feasibility to α = 0.91 for appropriateness. Test-rest reliabilities were acceptable to good for all scales (rho: 0.61–0.79). All scales demonstrated substantial and significant differences in average scores by vignette assignment (ORs: 2.21–5.6) and overall ratings (ORs: 5.1–14.47), supporting criterion validity.ConclusionsThis study represents an innovative mixed-methods approach to testing an implementation science measure in contexts outside the United States. Results support the reliability and validity of most scales for consumers in Ukraine. Challenges included large amounts of missing data due to participants’ difficulties responding to questions about a hypothetical program.

Feature: Writing Proficiency and Student Placement in Community College Composition Courses

Despite national efforts to accelerate students through precollegiate writing course sequences to transfer-level composition, questions persist regarding appropriate placement and the support needed for students to succeed. An analytical text-based writing assessment was administered to students across four levels of composition courses at a California community college. Differences in student writing scores between course levels and the relationship between writing score, course level, and high school GPA were examined. Key findings include (1) significant differences in average scores between the first precollegiate course and other courses in the sequence and (2) weak relationships between course level and high school GPA and assessment scores and high school GPA.

Training effect of family caregivers for disabled elderly people based on the online care knowledge and skill system

Objective To explore the application effect of online learning platform on the training of family caregivers of disabled elderly people. Methods From September 2017 to March 2018, the family caregivers of 90 disabled elderly people in a district of Changsha were selected by convenience sampling method, and divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 45 cases in each group. During the study period, the caregivers of the control group received general health education. The caregivers in the intervention group received online training on the self-developed online learning platform under the guidance of the researchers for months. Before and after the training, the family caregivers were investigated using the Family Caregivers Care Ability Scale and the Care Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire. Results Before the training, there was no statistically significant difference in average score of care knowledge, and the total score and the five dimensions' scores of the Family Caregivers Care Ability Scale between the two groups (P > 0.05) . After training, the score of the care knowledge in the intervention group was (82.2±15.2) , which was higher than that in the control group (64.2±17.2) , and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.260, P<0.01) . After training, the score of Family Caregivers Care Ability Scale in the intervention group was (13.90±4.52) , which was lower than that in the control group (16.57±3.25) , and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.217, P<0.01) . The scores of the four dimension of the scale, including adjusting the role of caregiver, meeting need and providing assistance, dealing with personal mood, adjusting life in order to meet the needs to take care of elderly in the intervention gorup were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusions The training based on the online care knowledge and skill system for disability elderly can improve the family caregivers of nursing knowledge level and ability to take care of the elderly. Key words: Aged; Health education; Education, remote; Computer communication network; Home nursing (non-professional); Disabled elderly; Family caregivers

Psychiatric traits in patients with vasovagal and unexplained syncope.

PurposeSyncope is a common condition affecting almost one-third of the general population. The present study measures the prevalence of psychiatric traits in patients presenting with syncope (unexplained and vasovagal) and whether recurrent attacks have an impact on psychiatric profiles.Patients and methodsThis is a case–control study in a tertiary hospital enrolling all patients aged ≥12 years with single or recurrent syncopal attacks. A self-reporting psychometric questionnaire (The Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised) was used to screen for depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and phobia. Crude comparisons of average scores were done. Further, multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to measure the impact of syncope on each psychiatric domain. The control group were matched for age, gender, and chronic illnesses with a ratio of 1:3.ResultsThere were 43 cases and 129 control subjects, with predominance of females (67.4%) and an average age of 33.8 years (standard deviation = 16). There were no significant differences in average scores of depression (13 vs 14.53, P = 0.31), anxiety (11.3 vs 10.4, P = 0.51), or phobia (5.4 vs 5.2, P = 0.88). However, the syncope group had a higher average score for somatization disorder (18.53 vs 13.66, P = 0.002). Binary logistic regression model showed that the association between syncope and somatization disorder was independent of competing confounders (odds ratio = 3.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.72, 8.15, P = 0.001). A sub-analysis of the case group showed that patients with multiple syncopal attacks (six or more) had higher average scores of depression, anxiety, phobia, and somatization disorder compared to those who had less than six attacks.ConclusionSyncope was independently associated with somatization disorder traits. Further, recurrent syncope resulted in greater deterioration of patients’ psychiatric profiles. Thus, taking into account the psychiatric status in the management of such patients is crucial.

Relación entre perfil motivacional y rendimiento académico en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

This study analyzes the differences of academic goals in students of Compulsory Secondary Education depending on the course, and identifies the motivational profiles and their relationship with academic achievement in the subjects of Spanish Language and Mathematics. A sample of 596 students were selected by random sampling clusters, which were in public schools. The results showed the existence of significant differences in average scores of the academic goals depending of the grade. Likewise, it was found that motivation is determined by three types of motivational profiles, which are related to different levels of academic achievement in Spanish Language and Mathematics.