Significant Decrease In Hb Research Articles

Incidence of Subclinical Deep Vein Thrombosis after Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Is Not Correlated with Number of Tranexamic Acid Doses.

Background: Recent studies increasingly highlight the efficacy of tranexamic acid administration in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the optimal dosage of tranexamic acid is still controversial. Methods: The current study analyzes the efficiency of tranexamic acid dosage and the number of administrations in THA and TKA. The objective of this study is to compare the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) based on the number of dosages. We divided the patients into two groups; one group received a single dosage, and the other group received two dosages. Doppler ultrasound examinations were conducted on the lower limbs of all patients at both six and thirty days postoperatively. The second objective is to compare the decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) in the two groups. Results: The results show that there is no difference in DVT incidence between the patients with different TXA numbers of dosages. There is no statistically significant decrease in Hb between the two groups at day one and day five postoperatively. Day one shows a statistically higher average in the two-dose group, approximately 0.06 g/dL, and day five shows a slightly elevated average in the single-dose group, approximately 0.06 g/dL. Blood transfusion requirements show no significant differences in the groups; one patient in the single-dose tranexamic acid group needed transfusion at day five postoperatively, while two patients in each group required immediate postoperative transfusion. Conclusion: There was no increase in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis among patients receiving two dosages of tranexamic acid.

An Investigation of Canine Hepatic Dysfunction Using Different Diagnostic Methods

The present investigation was executed at Department of Veterinary Medicine and Dr. I. P. Singh Veterinary Clinical Complex and Trauma Centre, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B.P.U.A. & T, Pantnagar U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India during the period of September, 2021 to April, 2022. The present study aimed to diagnose hepatic dysfunction in dogs presented to Dr. I.P. Singh Veterinary Clinical Complex and Trauma Centre, Pantnagar. Eighteen dogs presented with varied symptoms of hepatic dysfunction such as fever, anorexia, vomition, emaciation, polydipsia, polyuria, dullness, diarrhoea, icterus and nervous signs indicating hepatic affections were selected irrespective of their age breed, sex and were subjected to haematological, biochemical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. Alterations in hematobiochemical parameters of dogs with hepatic dysfunction were compared with healthy dogs. Findings of haematological examination revealed significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, platelets, lymphocytes whereas there was significant increase in neutrophils in dogs with hepatic dysfunction as compared to healthy dogs. Findings of biochemical parameter revealed significant increase in total bilirubin ALT, AST, GGT, ALP whereas there was significant decrease in total protein, albumin, A:G ratio, blood glucose of dogs with hepatic dysfunction as compared to healthy dogs. Radiography and ultrasonography were found useful in diagnosis of canine hepatic dysfunction. Ultrasonography offers additional advantages over radiography by allowing for the evaluation of echogenicity, echotexture, size, shape, and margins of the liver. From the study it was concluded that combination of diagnostic test is reliable to diagnose hepatic dysfunction in dogs and single diagnostic test can be misleading.

Investigation Few Biomarkers for Pantoea Infection with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease known as systemic lupus erythematosus. SLE is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, leading to extensive tissue damage and inflammation in other organs. One of the most frequent causes of death and morbidity in SLE patients is infection. Patients with SLE may contract a genus of gram-negative bacteria called Pantoea. This study aims to find biomarkers for Pantoea infection in SLE patients in Iraq’s Najaf Governorate. Methods: About 60 individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus from Al-Sader Medical City in Al-Najaf Province had blood samples taken at a specialized rheumatology and nephrology center between September 2022 and February 2023. Some bio-markers has been evaluated. Results: The results of microbiological analyses indicate that 26/60 samples contain bacteria. Pantoea was discovered in 3 (11.6%) of the 26 specimens. Despite SLE, increased autoantibody levels in patients. The results of this analysis indicate a significant decrease in Hb, WBC, and platelet levels. In contrast to the control group, the serum levels of CD69, IL-21, and IL-35 increased significantly. Conclusion: Pantoea produces elevated diagnostic and immunological parameters in SLE patients. Consequently, it is necessary to conduct assays to identify bacterial infections in patients, with a significant increase in CD69, IL-21, and IL-35 in the event that SLE patients are infected with bacteria.

Isolation and extraction of gallic acid from Hylocereus undatus and a biochemical and histological study on laboratory Wistar albino rats with induced rheumatoid arthritis

The herb Hylocereus undatus, which is rich in phytochemicals and thought to contain antioxidants comparable to those in its peel, has a lot of promise for use in the food field. The presented study aimed to study the protective effect of the aqueous extrac and the active compounds (gallic acid) isolated from the dragon fruit (H. undates) to lessen the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA)) by studying some of the changes in biochemical and histochemical parameters. The Wistar albino rats (male) were divided into four groups viz., Group I : A negative control group, dosed only with plain water orally, Group II : Induced for RA by CFA, a positive control group; Group III: dosed with aqueous extract of the fruit of H. undatus (kg/500 mg); and Group IV: dosed with gallic acid isolated from this fruit (kg/mg20). The results showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), platelet, interleukin 6 ( IL-6), and RF in rats treated with CFA and a significant decrease in Hb compared to the negative control group. There was a significant decrease of MDA, Platelet, IL-6, and RF in the groups treated with aqueous extract and a significant increase in Hb compared with the positive control group while there was a significant decrease in each of MDA, platelets, IL-6, and RF. Based on a histological analysis, the study group's liver and kidneys had smaller lesions and different abnormalities than the control . Thus, the fruit plant's gallic acid extracts were protective in reducing RA damage caused by CFA and improving kidney and liver tissue.

THE INFLUENCE OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF THE EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATOR CIRCUIT ON THE DEGREE OF HEMOLYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF OXYGEN STATUS IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING

Introduction. A distinctive feature of cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the significantly longer perfusion time, involving active blood drainage from the vein to the cardiotomy reservoir, which carries the risk of hemolysis development. In this context, mechanical hemolysis disrupts the gas transport function of the blood.
 The aim of the research. Reducing hemolysis and optimizing oxygen status of patients during minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries.
 Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients, who underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under moderate hypothermia. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 individuals each. To improve the biocompatibility of the oxygenator, the circuit in Group 1 (Gr1) was treated with an adaptive composition, while in Group 2 (Gr2), the oxygenator circuit remained untreated. The following parameters were examined: hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell count (RBC), oxygen delivery index (DO2I), oxygen consumption index (VO2I), oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER%), oxygen extraction index (O2EI%), venous (SpvO2), and arterial (SpaO2) oxygen saturation, oxygen tension in arterial (PaO2) and venous blood (PvO2), acid-base status of the blood (pH, pCO2,HCO3ˉ, BE), and the degree of hemolysis.
 Results. Before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), an insignificant increase in O2IE% was observed in Gr1 (26.07±1.57) and Gr2 (27.11±0.81); p=0.875, indicating an increase in tissue oxygen consumption. At the hypothermic stage CPB, both Gr1 and Gr2 demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in Hb, Ht, and RBC levels (p<0.05) due to hemodilution, accompanied by a decrease in IDO2, IVO2, O2IE%, and O2ER% in both groups due to hypothermia. After rewarming, O2ER% in Gr1 (22.91±2.68) and Gr2 (24.59±2.02); p=0.191, and O2EI% in Gr1 (22.92±2.44) and Gr2 (24.61±2.01); p=0.215, were in the normal range. After weaning off cardiopulmonary bypassin Gr2, O2EI% was 27.34±1.97, indicating an increase in oxygen consumption and oxygen extraction. Upon separation from CPB, Gr2 showed a tendency to mild compensated metabolic acidosis, mainly due to HCO3ˉ 21.9±0.3. During the rewarming stage, the hemolysis value was 0.36±0.09in Gr1 and 0.45±0.17 in Gr2 (p<0.001). After CPB, hemolysis was 0.41±0.15 in Gr1 and 0.61±0.22 in Gr2 (p<0.001).
 Conclusions. Improving the biocompatibility of the extracorporeal oxygenatorcircuit makes it possible to reduce hemolysis and optimise the patient's oxygen status after cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.

Assessment of variations in the haematological and hepatorenal biomarkers alongside oxidant‐antioxidant imbalance in exotic and indigenous horses infected with Theileria equi

SummaryBackgroundTheileria equi latently infected horses remain under oxidative stress which can be easily determined by evaluating the concerned biomarkers. Until now, very limited data are available regarding study of oxidative stress alongside hepatorenal biomarker alterations in carrier equids.ObjectivesThis study was aimed to investigate oxidative stress and hepato‐renal alterations in respective biomarkers in latently T. equi‐infected exotic and indigenous horses.Study designThe study involved 24 (n = 24) T. equi latently infected horses (11 exotic and 13 indigenous) while 50 horses (n = 50) served as the non‐infected group. Haematological, hepato‐renal and oxidative stress biomarkers analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of latent T. equi infection on these parameters.ResultsIn the T. equi‐infected exotic horse group, significant decreases in Hb, PCV, TLC and eosinophils were observed in comparison with the T. equi‐infected indigenous horse group. Blood glucose and SOD levels were significantly lower while serum MDA levels were significantly increased in T. equi‐infected horses than the noninfected groups. Higher MDA levels are suggestive of biochemical changes in parasitised erythrocytes making their membrane rigid and liable to erythrolysis. Decreased SOD levels were indicative of a disturbance in anti‐oxidative mechanisms leading to accumulation of free radicals attributing to oxidative injuries to T. equi‐infected erythrocytes.Main limitationsLatently infected animals with very low parasitaemia which are unable to damage host cells may lead to false negative results. Another limitation is the difficulty in ruling out other similar disease‐causing oxidative stresses.ConclusionThese observations indicated that T. equi naturally latently infected exotic horses were more liable to develop a condition in comparison to indigenous infected horses. From the above results, we can conclude that T. equi infection exerts a marked effect on the hepato‐renal biomarkers and significantly affects the key antioxidant defence mechanisms of infected erythrocytes, leading to oxidative damage to the erythrocytes membrane and ultimately its haemolysis.

Evaluation of Serum Cystatin-C and Netrin-1 as Predictive Biomarkers for Renal Injury in Children with Beta-thalassemia Major

BACKGROUND: Despite optimal transfusion and chelation therapy, beta-thalassemia patients still commonly experience various complications, including renal complications, which may affect their survival. This case–control study involved pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia major (β-TM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case–control study involved pediatric patients with β-TM, a total of 60 patient samples were randomly collected from the Genetic Hematology Center at the Dhi-Qar Health Directorate, with an age range of 1–14 years. In addition, 60 samples were collected from healthy children in the same age range as the control group. In this study, the glomerular injury was predicted by measuring the concentration of serum cystatin-C (Cys-C), and the tubular injury was predicted by measuring the concentration of serum netrin-1 (NTN-1). Routine markers, such as hemoglobin (Hb) level, ferritin, serum albumin, and creatinine, were also examined for the patients and the control group. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant increase in serum Cys-C in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.001) and a significant increase of serum NTN-1 in β-TM patients compared to the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, the study showed a statistically significant decrease in Hb, serum albumin, and creatinine and a significant increase in serum ferritin in the patients group compared to the control group. In conclusion, from the results of this study, we can conclude that the serum Cys-C and NTN-1 measurements can be used as predictive biomarkers for glomerular and tubular injury and increase with age. CONCLUSION: Predicting glomerular and tubular injury using the measurement of serum Cys-C and NTN-1 has improved significantly and advanced with age.

ANÁLISE DE HEMOGLOBINA APÓS TREINAMENTO DE SOBRECARGA EM ATLETAS

ABSTRACT Introduction: The cardiovascular system provides athletes with the proper conditions for blood circulation, ensuring the stability and normal metabolism of the body's internal environment during exercise. Objective: Investigate the effect of overload training on the hemoglobin of male taekwondo athletes. Methods: Twenty-one male taekwondo athletes (level 2 or higher) were selected and trained for four weeks, five days per week, with an initial load intensity of 60% of the maximum heart rate and a weekly intensity increase of 10%. Before training and on every weekend during training, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), reticulocyte count (Ret) were checked, RBC volume distribution width (RDW), hemoglobin content distribution width (HDW), mean reticulocyte volume (MCVr), mean reticulocyte hemoglobin concentration (CHCMr), serum iron (Fe) and ferritin (Fer). Results: After four weeks of increasing load training, athletes showed a progressive and significant decrease in Hb (P<0.01), manifested as exercise-induced hypohemoglobin, and MCV, MCH, MCHC, CHCMr, HDW, and serum ferritin were significantly or extremely decreased(P<0.) 05, P<0.01); RDW increased significantly (P<0.05); Changes in Ret and serum iron showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Correlation analysis found that hemoglobin concentration had the highest correlation with MCHC and CHCMr. Conclusion: Four-week incremental load training can induce exercise-induced hypohemoglobin in male taekwondo athletes, its changes being most correlated with MCHC and CHCMr, but without significant correlation with serum Fe, RDW, HDW, and MCV. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Studies -Investigation of Outcomes.

Clinico-hematological and Biochemical Studies on Naturally Infected Buffaloes with Trypanosomiasis in Deepor Beel Area of Assam

Background: Trypanosomiasis, an arthropod-borne blood protozoan disease commonly known as Surra, has an adverse influence on the health and working capability of infected animals. Monitoring and identification of blood-borne parasitic infections in dairy animals are of vital importance to get the optimum production. There was a lake of the scientific report of incidence of trypanosomiasis in buffalo in the northeast region. Methods: In the present study, a total of 100 buffalo was screened in the Deepor Beel area of Assam and 25 animals were suspected of trypanosomiasis based on clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination and formol gel slide test which was further confirmed by PCR. The blood from twenty-one buffalo tested positive for the presence of Trypanosoma evansi was evaluated for clinico-haemato-biochemical alterations. Result: The outbreak in the affected animals exhibiting high fever (105±1.0°F), hyperemic mucosa of eyes, corneal opacity, incoordination of the hindquarter, wasting condition of body and death, was confirmed based on examination of Wright-Giemsa stained blood smears, formol gel slide test and by polymerase chain reaction by using T. evansi specific primers yielding species-specific 227 bp PCR product. The infected bovines showed marked anaemic tendency as revealed by a significant decrease in Hb, PCV, RBC, Lymphocytopenia and leukocytosis along with marked thrombocytopenia. There is a marked increase in BUN, creatinine and total bilirubin level while random blood sugar shows a decreased level.

Haematobiochemical alterations by lead acetate toxicity and its amelioration with Andrographis paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles in mice

Toxicity of lead acetate and its amelioration with Andrographis paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles on hematobiochemical parameters in mice was studied. Total 32 male Swiss Albino mice were divided into 4 equal groups. Group T1 was served as control, while T2 group was treated with lead acetate @ 20 mg/kg b. wt. T3 group was treated with Andrographis paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles @ 5mg/kg b.wt and T4 group was treated with lead acetate @ 20mg/kg b.wt + Andrographis paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles @ 5mg/kg b.wt. The treatment was given for 28 days. T2 group given lead acetate revealed a significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, and lymphocyte count whereas neutrophil count was significantly increased. Serum total protein and albumin were significantly decreased while serum AST, ALT, creatinine, and BUN were significantly increased in group T2. However, the haematobiochemical values from T4 group showed non significant alteration when compared with control group except Hb. Thus A. paniculata mediated selenium nanoparticles supplementation along with lead acetate showed protective beneficial effect on hematobiochemical parameters during lead toxicity in mice.

Role of Proangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase with Immunoglobulin and Endothelial Growth Factor Homology Domains 2 Expressing Monocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Background: Globally, highest hematologic malignancy in prevalence is considered chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and endothelial growth factor homology domains (Tie1), two critical components of the Ang-Tie2 pro-angiogenic pathway, in CLL cells has been demonstrated. Objective: Clarification of Tie2-expressing monocytes’ (TEMs) involvement in the pathophysiology of CLL is the goal of this study. Patients and Methods: The study was case control, which was performed on 21 CLL patients; their age ranged from 46 to 71 with a mean of 58.2 ± 6.9, in addition to 21 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Full medical histories, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests were conducted on all individuals. The percentage of TEMs in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry and their phenotypic characteristics defined as CD14+/CD16+/Tie-2+ cells. Results: Compared to the control group, there was a statistically significant increase in TEMs in the cases group. Among the cases group there was a statistical significant increase in LDH, uric acid, WBCs, reticulocyte, CD 38 β2 microglobulin and TEMS and statistical significant decrease in Hb with increase Binet stage. There was a statistical significant +ve correlation between TEMs and LDH, WBCs, reticulocytes, CD38 and β2 microglobulin. Also, there was a statistical significant negative correlation between TEMs and Hb and platelets count among the cases group. TEMs percentage had sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (100%) in diagnosis of leukemia at cut off > 20.95%. Conclusion: TEMs could be a part of CLL pathogenesis which can be a predictor of disease progression alongside with other prognostic indicators.

English

This study was done to determine the impact of monieziosis infection combined with hypomicroelementosis on some hematological, biochemical and hormonal parameters of Soviet Merino sheep in the Astrakhan region. 20 sheep, aging 3 years old and average 43±1.6 kg body weight were used. Sheep were divided into two groups. First group contained 10 sheep and these sheep were naturally infected with monieziosis and clinically were suffered from hypomicroelementosis, emaciation, reduced growth rate, anemia, diarrhea and pale mucosa. Second group contained 10 sheep were apparently healthy and free from internal parasites and they were used as a control group. The first group was given Praziver (praziquantel and ivermectin) for treatment monieziosis, while they intramuscularly injected with Sedimin (selenium, iodine and iron) and were introduced daily into the feed with CoCl2. Faecal and blood samples from both groups were collected, before and 30 days after treatment, and analyzed for some hematological, biochemical and hormonal parameters. Our results revealed that there was a significant decrease in Hb and RBCs values, while total WBCs and eosinophils were significantly increased in the diseased group than in healthy one. Biochemical analysis showed a significant decrease in serum antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GSH-Px) and a significant increase in serum DC and MDA in the diseased group as compared with the control group. Hormonal analysis showed a significant increase in ACTH, TSH, Cortisol and a significant decrease in serum T4 and T3. After treatment with Praziver, Sedemin and CoCl2, there was a significant effectiveness to maintain blood parameters within normal levels in the experimental group and increase reproductive outcome from these sheep

Effect of Cadmium and Spirulina platensis Administration on Hematological Parameters in Chickensa

One hundred chickens of one day of age were divided randomly into five groups of 20 birds each. After two weeks of adaptation, group I was kept in control, group II was fed with 0.2% Spirulina platensis powder till 90th day post treatment (DPT). Group III was administered 1.6 ppm cadmium as cadmium chloride monohydrate (CdCl2.H2O) in triple glass distilled water. Groups IV and V were administered 1.61 ppm cadmium in triple glass distilled water along with Spirulina platensis powder orally in standard recommended feed at the rate of 0.2% concentration. However, in Group V Spirulina platensis powder was given from 60th DPT till 90th DPT. For hematological studies, blood samples were collected from each group at 0, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th, 75th and 90th DPT. There was a significant treatment dependent decrease in values of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), whereas a significant increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in cadmium treated groups III and V as compared to group I. In groups III and V, significant increase in total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and absolute heterophil count (AHC) were recorded. In group IV, significant decrease in Hb, PCV, TEC, MCH, MCHC, lymphocytes and significant increase in TLC, MCV, heterophils was observed as compared to groups III and V. It was concluded from the present study that cadmium fed at NOEL (1.61 ppm) levels for 90 days is toxic. Spirulina platensis fed concurrently with cadmium at NOAEL dose nullified the toxic effects of cadmium. However, Spirulina fed after accumulation of cadmium at NOEL dose is not able to reverse the adverse effects.

Clinical and laboratory investigations on Cystitis in Dogs

Cystitis is a common problem in companion animal practice, and common cause of morbidity in dog population. The present work was conducted to evaluate Clinical, haematological and biochemical analysis in dogs suffered from cystitis. The study was carried out in small animal internal medicine teaching hospital, faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University. About 56 dogs of different ages, sex, and breeds were enrolled in this study. Fourteen (14) of dogs used as control group and 42 cases dogs suffered from cystitis (acute and chronic), All dogs were subjected for through clinical (case history, physical examination, ultrasonography, urinalysis and urine culture), hematological and biochemical investigation. Clinical examination reveal red discoloration of urine ,dysuria with painful attempt to micturate, pollakuria, stranguria, periuria ,painful belly palpation with distended urinary bladder , significant increase in pulse rate, and non significant increase in temperature and respiratory rate. Hematological analysis revealed significant decrease in Hb, RBCs and MCHC, significant increase in total leukocytic count (TLC) with significant decrease in segmented neutrophils. Biochemical analysis revealed no change in urea, creatinine and uric acid. Macroscopic Urinalysis showed blood, leucocytes, protein, while increased numbers of WBCs, RBCs, bacteria and crystals of uric acid and triple phosphate were detected in microscopical examination. Urine culture revealed isolates of E-coli, Proteus and Staphylococcus. Ultrasonography of urinary bladder of dogs suffered from cystitis show thickening in the wall of the bladder with hyper echoic layers. So we conclude that alteration in clinical (physical examination, Ultrasonography and urinalysis) and hematological result may be indicative for the diagnosis of cystitis in dogs, but biochemical result reveal non significant change.

Mean platelet volume in children with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Platelets are heterogeneous in size, density, metabolic, functional, and biochemical properties. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of the average size of platelet in a blood sample. We aimed to evaluate the mean platelet volume as a marker for disease activity in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. This was a prospective case-control study, which included 50 patients with SLE and 50 age and sex, matched healthy controls. All subjects were subjected to history taking, physical examination and laboratory parameters in active and remission phases of the diseases. The MPV value in the SLE group was significantly higher than control group (9.6 ± 1.3 fL, 9.1 ± 0.57 fL, respectively, p = 0.04). There was a significant increase of weight, blood pressure, urea, creatinine, proteinuria, CRP, ESR, cholestrol, MPV values, SLEDAI-2K scores and significant decrease of HB, albumin, C3, mean platelet volume (MPC) in the active stage than in the remission stage. There was a significant negative correlation between MPV and MPC in active stage of the disease but the correlation was insignificant in remission stage. MPV increased in active phase of patients with SLE and can be an easy, rapid, inexpensive and simple method to assess disease activity in children with SLE.

English

A total of 230 patients receiving HAART for the first time and followed regularly were retained and their information gotten using a questionnaire. Of this number, 146 (63.5%) were on Stavudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine (Regimen 1). 84(36.5%) while the remaining were on zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine (Regimen 5). The distribution was 75(32.6%) males and 155(67.4%) females. Blood was collected from each patient and analyzed (Baseline) using the Sysmex KX-21N for haematological parameters which include Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Total White Blood Cell count (WBC), Red blood Cell count (RBC), Platelet count, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Mixed count. All the values were repeated after 3 months treatment. The data were analysed using Graph pad InStat version 3. All patients had appreciable increase in CD4 levels, patients on regimen 1 had a significant increase in Hb, PCV and Lymphocyte count with P-value (<0.05). Patients on regimen 5 on the other hand had significant decrease in HB, PCV and Lymphocyte count with P-value (<0.05). In this study, haematological response is better in regimen 1 than regimen 5. Key words: HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), haematological parameters, anti-retroviral therapy, Zaria.

Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): A prospective study of two urology centers

Background and objectives:Recently, using of bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate has challenged the for- mal monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bipolar transurethral resection of prostate versus monopolar transurethral resection of prostate in the treatment of prostate enlargement. Methods: From September 2018 to April 2019, appropriate sample of 44 patients with symp- tomatic benign prostate hyperplasia randomly assigned to two groups, first group (n=21) operated on by monopolar transurethral resection of prostate, second group (n=23) operated on by bipolar transurethral resection of prostate in Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Zheen International Hospital, all patients were fully assessed preoperatively and postop- eratively by serum electrolyte, hemoglobin, operative time. Results: Mean resection time was 56.7 ± 5.8 minutes (mo- nopolar) and 63.1 ± 4.7 minutes (bipolar). The mean volume of irrigant was 17.6±1.6 liter (monopolar) and 20.4±1.8 liter (bipolar). The monopolar group showed a greater decrease in serum Sodium (5.7mEq/L) in contrast to the bipolar group (1.4 mEq/L), a statistically significant difference was detected. The monopolar group showed a statistically significant decrease in Hb (2.5 gm/dl) in contrast to the bipolar group (0.4 gm /dl). Conclusions: T he study showed that bipolar transurethral resection of prostate was superior to monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate with regards to less reduction in serum Sodium level and less decline in hemoglobin level as well as less hospital stay and catheterization days.

Preoperative autologous blood donation in adult bone marrow donors: reappraisal of a single-centre experience.

To avoid risk for allogeneic transfusions in healthy bone marrow (BM) donors, 1-2 preoperative autologous blood donations (PAD) are usually collected before the BM harvest. We analysed the haematological parameters in BM donors before and after the harvest, to assess the efficacy of this practice in limiting the postharvest anaemia. Overall, 102 consecutive donors underwent BM harvest preceded by one (26 cases) or two PAD (76 cases), which were infused during BM collection. We analysed the parameters related to donors, PAD timing and BM graft characteristics. PAD induced a significant decrease in Hb (from 14·6g/dl, IQ range 13·3-15·5 to12·9g/dl, IQ range 11·8-13·9; P<0·0001) in all donors, with a median Hb loss at day -1 of 10·9% (IQ range 6·8-14·2). The PAD-related Hb decrease was independent of sex or number of PAD, and was inversely related to the time elapsed from first or last PAD. In comparison with values recorded at day-1, BM harvest produced an additional Hb decrease, accounting for a median Hb loss of 18·9% (IQ range 14·9-24·4). Overall, in comparison with pre-PAD values, Hb levels at day +1 were reduced of 28·9% (IQ range 23·6-32·2), independently if donors had 1 or 2 PAD reinfused. In conclusion, these data show that two PAD do not carry any advantage over one PAD. An eventual benefit of PAD can be achieved only if an adequate interval between PAD and BM harvest elapses. Prospective randomized studies could be worth to establish if any role for PAD does exist in BM donors.

TMPRSS6 Gene Polymorphism and Serum Hepcidin in Iron Deficiency Anemia

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health problem and common medical condition seen in everyday clinical practice. Hepcidin which is the key regulator of iron homeostasis, that down-regulates iron export by binding to ferroportin which is expressed on the surface of iron-releasing cells, leading to its degradation thus reducing plasma iron levels. Overexpression of hepcidin leads to iron deficiency anemia. Matriptase-2 (MT-2) which is encoded by transmembrane protease serine 6 (TMPRSS6) gene regulates hepcidin expression. Objective: Was to evaluate the role of TMPRSS6 gene polymorphisms and serum hepcidin level in IDA patients. Subjects and methods: This study was carried out on 30 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 30 age and sex matched individuals as control group. Patients were subdivided into (group 1) 14 patients with acquired iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and (group 2)16 patients with iron refractory iron deficiency anemia(IRIDA).TMPRSS6 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPS), (rs4820268)and(rs855791)were evaluated using real time – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) while serum hepcidin level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There was a significant increase in frequency of the TMPRSS6 SNPs rs855791 and rs 4820268 separately in IRIDA group compared to IDA group,(P=0.003),(P=0.007) respectivelyand to control group(P=0.000) and (P=0.000) respectively.Also, there was highly significant increase in frequency of both mutations together in IRIDA group compared to IDA group (P=0.000) and to control group (P=0.000). In IDA group there was a significant increase in the frequency of TMPRSS6 SNPs rs 855791 when compared to control group (P=0.013), and a non-significant difference in frequency of SNPs rs 4820268 when compared to control group (P=0.092).Also, there was a non-significant difference in frequency of both mutations together in IDA group in comparison to control group (P> 0.05).There was a highly significant decrease in serum hepcidin level in IDA group and highly significant increase in hepcidin levels in IRIDA group compared to control group (P=0.000).In IRIDA patients group only there was highly significant increase in hepcidin level in those with mutation in both SNPs together (rs4820268 and rs855791) than patients with one mutation or with wild type(P=0.000).There was a significant decrease in Hb and iron and highly significant decrease in MCV, MCH and ferritin in IRIDA patients with mutation of both SNPs together (rs 4820268 and rs855791) compared to one mutation or wild type (P=0.015,0.016,0.002 ,0.000, 0.006 respectively).Also, there was highly significant decrease in Hb, MCV, MCH and ferritin in IDA patients with mutation of both SNPs together(rs 4820268 and rs 855791) compared to one mutation or wild type (P= 0.002,0.002 ,0.004, 0.009 respectively). In IDA patients there was a significant positive correlation between hepcidin and ferritin (P =0.034, r = 0.279),while there was a significant negative correlation between hepcidin and MCH in IRIDA group (P =0.032, r = - 0.536).Conclusion: In IRIDA the rs4820268 and rs855791 mutations separately or in combination lack inhibitory effect on hepcidin and consequently iron profile and hemoglobin while in IDA although there was significant increase in frequency of rs855791 mutations, there was no effect on hepcidin which suggests that the rs 4820268 mutation is necessary for affecting hepcidin either alone or in combination with rs 855791 mutation. In IDA, there may be other mechanisms or mutations causing anemia.

Study of some of the physiological and biochemical effects of the moon face drug in male and female rabbits

Objective: The aim of this study is to know the negative effects of the moon face drug in some the physiological and biochemical parameters and weight of the Rabbits. Methods: The rabbits (1467 ±13 gm – male and 1000 ±50 gm - female) were divided into three groups according to the gender , (6 rabbits in each group): the first group (F.G.) was treated with 1mL normal saline (control group), the second group (S.G.) was treated with 5mg/kg/body weight (B.W.) of drug, While the third group (T.G.) was treated with 10 mg/kg/body weight (B.W.) of drug . All animals were treated orally for 28 days. Results: The results of the current study showed some changes in the animal weight during the duration of the experiment between the three groups of the male rabbits . However, at the end of the experiment period, there were no significant differences in weight between these groups. When comparing the weight within the same group, the results showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the F.G. on the 28th day compared with the first day and no significant differences were observed in the S. and the T.Gs. when compared the first day with the last day of the experiment, as well as for females except a significant decrease in the second group compared with the first and the third groups at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, the results showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the R.B.C. count and Hb in the S. and T.Gs compared with the F.G., a significant decrease in the Hct in the T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs. and a significant increase in M.C.V.in the T.G. compared with the F and the S.G. in the males rabbits. As for females, the results appeared a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in R.B.C. count , Hct rat and MCV in the T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs., as well as a significant decrease in Hb and MCHC in S. and the T.Gs. compared with the F.G., In addition to the a significant increase in the total count of W.B.C. and platelets in the S. and the T.Gs. compared to the F.G. , a significant increase in neutrophil rate in the T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs. and a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in lymphocytes rate in the T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs. in the males rabbits, and a significant increase in the total count of W.B.C., lymphocytes rate and platelet in the T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs., and a significant decrease in the neutrophil rate in the T.G. compared with F. and the S.Gs.in females rabbits. As the results showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in GOT, GPT and ALP value in the S. and the T. Gs. when compared with the F.G. and a significant increase in the value of GPT and ALP in the T.G. when compared with the S.G., While the Females groups showed a significant increase in the value of GPT and ALP in the T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs. The results showed a significant increase(p≤0.05) in the concentration of urea in the S.G. compared with the F.G. and in the T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs. in the males and females rabbits and a significant increase in the concentration of Creatinine in the T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs. in the males rabbits, On the other hand, there is a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the concentration of glucose and bilirubin in males and females in T.G. compared with the F. and the S.Gs., as well as the total protein in the females, but in males, there was a significant increase in the T.G. when compared with the F.G