Significant Decrease In Oxidative Stress Research Articles

Potential toxicological effects of amines used for carbon capture and storage and their degradation products

With the increasing use of amine solvents for carbon capture, there is a critical need to characterize the potential health effects of these materials and their degradation products formed within the capture system or downwind of release. This study evaluated the acute inhalation health risk of exposure to degraded mixtures of monoethanolamine (MEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and piperazine (PIP). Degradation was achieved in a heated (150C) and pressurized (approximately 15 psi) stainless steel vessel by adding NO2 and purified air over approximately 75 days. Laboratory mice were exposed to the degraded mixture (as well as the neat amines in separate experiments) 6hrs/day for 7 consecutive days in a whole-body inhalation chamber. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was carried out 18 to 24hours post-exposure and inflammatory cells were counted in lavage fluid. Cytokine expression and oxidative stress were measured in lung tissue. We found that exposure to degraded MEA resulted in significant increases in total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, and the strongest cytokine response compared to control mice and compared to MEA-exposed mice. Neither MDEA nor PIP, or their degradant mixtures, caused increased inflammatory cells in BAL fluid. The degraded MEA atmosphere also caused a statistically significant decrease in oxidative stress in mouse lung. The degraded MDEA atmosphere caused the strongest cytokine response of the amines tested, producing statistically significant increases in cytokine growth-related oncogene (GRO-KC), monocyte chemotactic protein -1 (MCP-1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) expression compared to the control and to MDEA alone. The degraded PIP atmosphere showed a statistically significant increase in GMCSF expression. This investigation represents a hazard evaluation and not a dose-response assessment; however, the results suggest that our approach can be used successfully to screen potential solvents for carbon capture for acute human health impacts.

Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction resulting from trimethyltin in mice

The present study was an attempt to investigate the neuromodulatory potential of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) against hippocamapal structural and functional damages induced by trimethyltin (TMT) a potent neurotoxicant. Male Balb/C mice were administered with Ginkgo biloba extract for 14 days at a dose of 70mg/kg body weight interperitoneally and on 11-day of treatment animals were exposed to Trimethyltin (2.5mg/kg b.w) single intraperitoneal injection. The co-administered of TMT with GBE showed marked improvement in memory and aggressive behavior. Which were in turn reflected in the levels of serotonin and acetylcholine esterase. The conjunctive treatment also showed significant decrease in oxidative stress as assessed by MDA levels and the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, GSSH, GPX, total glutathione, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase) which were depressed by TMT treatment was significantly improved by GBE. Correspondingly, induction of Bcl-2 mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by trimethyltin was down regulated by Ginkgo biloba treatment. The structural analysis of dentate gyrus revealed improvement in degenerating neurons by treatment with GBE. Therefore, it is suggested that prophylactic treatment of Ginkgo biloba extract protects against the trimethyltin induced neurodegenration by multiple mechanism involved in its antioxidant effects and may be useful in developing therapies against neurodegenration.

Effect of CPAP on Oxidative Stress and Circulating Progenitor Cell Levels in Sleep Patients With Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

The sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is associated with elevated oxidative stress, which is associated with reduced levels and functional impairment of progenitor cells. To evaluate whether one month of CPAP treatment affects circulating-progenitor-cell levels and oxidative stress in patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. We enrolled 13 patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome who required nasal CPAP. We evaluated white-blood-cell oxidative stress and CD45-, CD34+, KDR+, and CD133+ cell levels via flow-cytometry, before and one month after CPAP treatment. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were reduced, and markers of protection against oxidative stress were increased after CPAP. Progenitor-cell levels increased significantly after CPAP. There was a significant negative correlation between CD45-, CD34+, KDR+, and CD133+ cell levels and the severity of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and superoxide anion. CD45-, CD34+, KDR+, and CD133+ cell levels rose significantly and reached values close to those in the control group after one month of CPAP. This change was accompanied by a significant decrease in oxidative stress, and no change in anthropometric or metabolic variables, including insulin resistance, weight, blood pressure, or lipid levels; consequently, the increase in progenitor-cell levels might be attributable to reduced oxidative stress.

Anti-proliferative effects of the novel squamosamide derivative (FLZ) on HepG2 human hepatoma cells by regulating the cell cycle-related proteins are associated with decreased Ca 2+/ROS levels

FLZ is a synthetic novel squamosamide derivative and has previously been proved to be a potential drug for Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. FLZ has strong antioxidant activity, which implies that FLZ could eliminate excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells and induce a pathway related to low cellular ROS levels, thereby inhibiting tumor cells proliferation. However, few reports have focused on the antitumor effects of FLZ. In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of FLZ in HepG2 cells and the mechanism of cell growth inhibition. FLZ effectively inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner; meanwhile, it was minimally toxic to normal cells. FLZ induced a significant decrease in oxidative stress through elimination of excessive intracellular ROS and strengthening of the glutathione antioxidant system. In addition, FLZ can effectively attenuate redundant [Ca 2+] i, thereby avoiding uncontrolled amplification by Ca 2+/ROS positive feedback. Furthermore, Western blot showed that FLZ inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and retinoblastoma protein (Rb), down-regulated the expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and enhanced the expression of CDK inhibitor p27 kip1, while did not affect CDK4 expression. These results suggest that FLZ has potent anti-proliferative activity against malignant human hepatoma cells via modulation of the expression or activation of cell-cycle regulatory proteins, which are associated with decreased Ca 2+/ROS levels, and indicate that FLZ is a potential liver cancer drug worthy of further research and development.

Antioxidant Supplementation Improves Platelet Membrane Fluidity in Idiopathic Retinal Periphlebitis (Eales' Disease)

Oxidative damage to cellular membranes plays an important role in the pathobiology of tissue injury. Retinal photoreceptors and platelets are an easy target of oxidants because of high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A tertiary-care center-based prospective study was undertaken to study the effect of antioxidant supplementation over membrane fluidity in platelets in idiopathic retinal periphlebitis (Eales' disease) for the first time. Assay of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels was done following a standard protocol and membrane fluidity in platelets was estimated using a fluorescent probe, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrience, in 15 cases and 12 healthy controls. Prednisolone (1 mg/kg) in a weekly tapering dose for 6 weeks and a commercially available antioxidant preparation [lutein 3.2 mg (containing zeaxanthin 256 mcg), L-glutathione 5 mg, vitamin E 15 IU, vitamin C 150 mg, zinc 40 mg, copper 2 mg, selenium 40 mcg, and manganese 5 mg] was administered once a day for 3 months to all the cases. Pre- and postantioxidant supplementation platelet TBARS and membrane fluidity levels were assessed in all the cases. Significant increase was observed in TBARS levels in the cases when compared with controls (P = 0.01). Platelet fluorescence polarization was significantly higher in cases, indicating decreased membrane fluidity, when compared with controls (P = 0.005). Antioxidant supplementation led to marked decrease in TBARS levels (P = 0.01) and improved levels of platelet membrane fluidity (P = 0.001). Antioxidant supplementation leads to significant decrease in oxidative stress and a significant improvement in platelet membrane fluidity, thereby helping to prevent retinal photoreceptor dysfunction.

Neuroglobin Overexpression in Cultured Human Neuronal Cells Protects Against Hydrogen Peroxide InsultviaActivating Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase and Opening the Mitochondrial KATPChannel

Cultured neurons tolerate low H(2)O(2) concentrations (< or =50 microM) through the activity of constitutive antioxidant response elements (ARE). At H(2)O(2) levels (> or =100 microM), neurons increase expression of the gene encoding for inducible hemoxygenase-1 while superoxide dismutase-2 and catalase remain unchanged. Despite this adaptive response, the endogenous antioxidant systems are overwhelmed, leading to decreased viability. Elevating the neuronal cell content of human neuroglobin (Ngb) prior to insult with 100 or 200 microM H(2)O(2) enhanced cell viability and this resulted in a significant decrease in oxidative stress and an increase in the intracellular ATP concentration, whereas in parental cells exposed to the same H(2)O(2)-insult, oxidative stress and ATP increased and decreased, respectively. The mechanism for this increase in ATP involves sustained activation of the mito-K(ATP) channel and an increase in phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt. Pharmacological inhibitors directed toward PI3K (wortmannin and LY294002), or the mito-K(ATP) channel (glybenclamide) inhibited the H(2)O(2)-mediated increase in ATP in cells overexpressing human Ngb and consequently cell viability decreased. Neuroglobin's ability to bolster the intracellular pool of ATP in response to added H(2)O(2) is central to the preservation of cytoskeletal integrity and cell viability.

Preventive effect of the flavonoid, quercetin, on hepatic cancer in rats via oxidant/antioxidant activity: molecular and histological evidences

BackgroundThe incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing in many countries. The estimated number of new cases annually is over 500,000, and the yearly incidence comprises between 2.5 and 7% of patients with liver cirrhosis. The incidence varies between different geographic areas, being higher in developing areas; males are predominantly affected, with a 2:3 male/female ratioMethodsExperiments were designed to examine the effect of N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) as cancer-inducer compound and to confirm the preventive effect of the flavonoid quercetin on hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Briefly, thirty six male albino rats of Wistar strain were divided into 3 groups: the 1st group was administered NDEA alone (NDEA-treated), the 2nd group was treated simultaneously with NDEA and quercetin (NDEA+Q) and the 3rd group was used as control (CON). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) as well as p53-specifi PCR assays were employed to determine genomic difference between treated, and control animals. Histological confirmation as well as oxidant/antioxidant status of the liver tissue was done.ResultsRAPD analysis of liver samples generated 8 monomorphic bands and 22 polymorphic bands in a total of 30-banded RAPD patterns. Cluster analysis and statistical analyses of RAPD data resulted in grouping control and NDEA+Q samples in the same group with 80% similarity cut-off value. NDEA-treated samples were clustered in a separate group. Specific PCR assay for polymorphism of P53 gene revealed a uniform pattern of allele separation in both control and NDEA+Q samples. Quercetin anticancer effect was exhibited in significant decrease of oxidative stress and significant decrease of antioxidant activity. Histopathological studies showed normal liver histology of the NDEA+Q samples. Meanwhile, several cancer-induced features were clearly observable in NDEA-treated samples.ConclusionThis paper demonstrated that preventive effect of quercetin on hepatocarcinoma in rats by RAPD-PCR, tracing the effect on p53 gene and by histopathological evidence. Hereby, it was proved that quercetin exerted its preventive effect via decreased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant activity.

Improvement of cardiovascular risk by functional nutrition with plant-derived bioactive ingredients

Introduction The metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance, high oxidative stress and increased cardiovascular risk. We have developed functional foods with vegetal bioactive ingredients to test the reversibility of this condition in cardiovascular prevention. Methods The ANTIATERO-ALIM study is a randomized, parallel design nutritional trial testing a functional food diet given 3 months versus control. Functional meals included balsamic vinegar from apples and honey, grape juice enriched with mono- and polyphenols from seeds and skins of red grapes, bread enriched with microelements and tomato juice with rosemary and basil extracts. In total, 200 patients with metabolic syndrome and high cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE chart for Eastern Europe were randomized into 4 groups: gr. 1: functional foods+Ω-3 supplements; gr. 2: functional foods; gr. 3: Ω-3 supplements; and gr. 4: control. The follow-up of the metabolic syndrome was made at inclusion and at 3 months. In all, 181 patients completed the study. We assessed the SCORE risk, HOMA-IR index for insulin resistance, lipidic profile, and oxidative stress. Results The mean age of the patients included in the study was 54.24±10.6, 79 M, 102F, BMI=33.74±4.44 kg/m 2 , waist circumference=108.9±9.95 cm, TGL=182.5±91.86 mg/dl, HDL=44.26±14.18 mg/dl, HOMA-IR=4.88±3.4, and FORMox=322.08±84.75 uFORT. After 3 months the paired t test revealed a significant decrease of oxidative stress in gr. 1, from 308.76±84.16 to 266.97±78.16 uFORT ( p =0.001) and in gr. 3, from 322.78±73.63 to 264.54±80.55 FORT( p =0.001). HOMA-IR decreased significantly in gr. 1 from 5.34±4.09 to 4.38±2.38 ( p =0.011), TGL decreased significantly in gr. 1 from 188.86±96.25 to 160.58±125.51 mg/dl ( p =0.018). HDL increased significantly in gr.2 from 44.44±12.40 to 51.97±9.41 mg/dl ( p p p =0.001) in gr. 1. The improvements by functional nutrition in the parameters defining the metabolic syndrome led to a significant improvement of the SCORE risk in gr. 2 from 5.30 to 4.13 ( p =0.016). Conclusion The long-term effects of this diet could lead to promising results in the reversibility of the metabolic syndrome, improving the risk scores in cardiovascular prevention. Funding Grant CEEX 44/2006 funded by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Program AGRAL.

The ANTIATERO-ALIM Study: Effects of functional foods with vegetal bioactive ingredients in the metabolic syndrome

Introduction The metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance, high oxidative stress and increase of visceral fat. We have developed functional foods with vegetal bioactive ingredients to test the reversibility of this condition. Methods The ANTIATERO-ALIM study is a randomized, parallel design nutritional trial testing a functional food diet given 3 months against a normal Western diet. Functional meals included balsamic vinegar from apples and honey, grape juice enriched with mono- and polyphenols from seeds and skins of red grapes, bread enriched with microelements and tomato juice with rosemary and basil extracts. 180 pts with metabolic syndrome were randomized into 4 groups: gr 1: functional foods + Ω-3 supplements, gr 2: functional foods, gr 3: Ω-3 supplements, gr 4: control. The follow-up of the metabolic syndrome was made at inclusion and at 3 months. We assessed VFA (visceral fat area) by bioimpedance, HOMA-IR score for insulin resistance, lipidic profile, adiponectin, oxidative stress. Results The mean age of the patients included in the study was 55.75±9.03, 120M, 60F, BMI=35.24±5.15kg/m2. Mean SBP was 147.23±18.25mmHg, DBP was 87.98±12.65mmHg, TGL=176.16±92.58mg/dl, HDL=48.37±11.98mg/dl, glycemia=109.72±33.9mg/dl, waist circumference=112.34±9.94cm. HOMA-IR was increased in 63.6% patients (mean 4.02±3.08) and radicalic activity was &gt;310uFORT in 68% patients. After 3 months the paired t-test revealed a significant decrease of oxidative stress in gr 1, from 329.06±65.58 to 271.27±90.49 FORT units (p=0.02) and a significant increase of adiponectin in gr 1 from 10.94±7.56 to 17.57±13.69 microg/ml (p=0.03). Discussion The long-term effects of this diet, still under study, could lead to promising results in the reversibility of the pathogenetic links of the metabolic syndrome.

Prevention of amyloid β-induced memory impairment by fluvastatin, associated with the decrease in amyloid β accumulation and oxidative stressin amyloid β injection mouse model

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is characterized by amyloid beta (Abeta)-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic and neuronal loss, along with progressive cognitive impairment. Although growing evidence suggests the beneficial effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) on AD, this notion is still controversial. To evaluate the efficacy of statins for Abeta-induced cognitive impairment, we employed an Abeta injection model. Using this model, the present study demonstrated that pretreatment with fluvastatin, but not post-treatment just after Abeta exposure, prevented Abeta-induced memory impairment. We also observed that fluvastatin significantly decreased Abeta accumulation and oxidative stress after Abeta injection. Mice treated with simvastatin, but not fluvastatin, did not demonstrate the prevention of Abeta-induced memory impairment, and showed no significant decrease in oxidative stress. More importantly, fluvastatin significantly prevented the loss of neurons in the basal forebrain induced by Abeta. Overall, the present study demonstrated that fluvastatin significantly prevented memory impairment induced by Abeta. The beneficial effects of fluvastatin might be explained by the preservation of neurons through a significant decrease in Abeta accumulation and oxidative stress. In clinical practice, the timing of the start of fluvastatin treatment might be critical in achieving a beneficial effect on cognitive function.

Alleviation of Aβ-induced cognitive impairment by ultrasound-mediated gene transfer of HGF in a mouse model

A new therapeutic approach to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) is needed, and the use of growth factors is considered to be a candidate. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a unique multifunctional growth factor, which has the potential effect to exert neurotrophic action and induce angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the effects of overexpression of human HGF plasmid DNA using ultrasound-mediated gene transfer into the brain in an Abeta-infused cognitive dysfunction mouse model. We demonstrated that HGF gene transfer significantly alleviated Abeta-induced cognitive impairment in mice in behavioral tests. These beneficial effects of HGF might be due to (1) significant recovery of the vessel density in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, (2) upregulation of BDNF, (3) a significant decrease in oxidative stress and (4) synaptic enhancement. A pharmacological approach including gene therapy to increase the HGF level in combination with anti-Abeta therapy might be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of AD.

The Effect of Garlic on Nitric Oxide Level in Diabetic Rats

The increase in number of diabetic patients motivated scientists to find new methods to control such disease. In the present study, the action of Garlic [Allium sativum] was studied on normal and sterptozocin [STZ]-induced diabetic rats. Experimental group included 60 male albino rats divided equally into control group, control group given oral daily dose of garlic [100 mg/kg B.wt] for 16 weeks, STZ-induced diabetic untreated group, and diabetic garlic-treated group included STZ-induced diabetic rats given the daily oral dose of the garlic for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected for determination of blood glucose, nitric oxide [NO], malondialdehyde [MDA], and lipid profile [triglycerides [TG], cholesterol [C], high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C], and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C]].Supplementation of garlic to non-diabetic rats had produced no significant differences as regards any of the parameters including glucose, lipid profile, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde [MDA] levels when compared with the control group. The diabetic rats showed significant elevation in serum glucose, NO, MDA, TG, C, and LDL-C. Concomitantly significant decrease in HDL-C was detected when compared with their corresponding values of controls. However, supplementation of garlic to the diabetic rats had shown a significant decrease in serum glucose, TG, C, LDL-C, NO, [and MDA] levels, while elevation in HDL-C level was detected. Thus, from the present study it is assumed that garlic treatment decrease the blood glucose level. Antioxidant garlic may protect B cells against toxic effect of ROS [reactive oxygen species] provoked due to hyperglycemia. This was indicated by the significant decrease of oxidative stress after garlic treatment in the studied group. It is concluded that garlic supplementation improves blood lipid profiles, strengthens blood oxidant potential, and causes significant reduction in blood glucose; NO; and MDA levels. These results suggest that garlic exerted antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects.

Effect of Lipoprotein Apheresis on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is an established and highly effective therapy for the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) not adequately responding to diet and drug therapy alone. This study was designed to measure the effect of lipid apheresis on oxidant and antioxidant status in a patient with FH. The levels of plasma lipid peroxidation were determined as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were established in one subject with FH before and after lipid apheresis. The pre- and post lipid apheresis procedures witness a significant decrease in oxidative stress (p&lt;0.05) but the erythrocyte levels of CAT, SOD and GPx were unchanged.

Effect of Lipoprotein Apheresis on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is an established and highly effective therapy for the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) not adequately responding to diet and drug therapy alone. This study was designed to measure the effect of lipid apheresis on oxidant and antioxidant status in a patient with FH. The levels of plasma lipid peroxidation were determined as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were established in one subject with FH before and after lipid apheresis. The pre- and post lipid apheresis procedures witness a significant decrease in oxidative stress (p < 0.05) but the erythrocyte levels of CAT, SOD and GPx were unchanged.

Effect of iron supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in iron-deficiency anemia.

This study was designed to measure the effect of iron supplementation on antioxidant status in iron-deficient anemia, including the time for hemoglobin normalization and at the time of filling of iron body stores. The extent of plasma lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in 63 patients with iron-deficiency anemia before and after 6 wk of iron supplementation and at the time when body iron stores are saturated. After 6 wk of iron supplementation, a significant decrease of oxidative stress was observed in the treated subjects relative to controls (p<0.05). No significant differences existed between treated patients at 6 wk and at the end of the study. The erythrocyte levels of catalase, SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly lower in treated patients relative to controls (p<0.05). These levels increased after 6 wk of supplementation (p<0.05) and showed no significant differences with those at the end of the study.

Lycopene - tomato's secret weapon against oxidative stress

Back ground: Lycopene, 40 carbon acyclic carotenoid containing 11 conjugated double bonds, is a phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits. Oxygen derived free radicals are the most reactive species and as an antioxidant lycopene has a singlet oxygen quenching ability twice as high as that of ?-carotene and 10 times higher that of ?-tocoferol, lycopene participate in a host of chemical reactions to protect critical cellular biomolecules including lipid, proteins and DNA. Materials and Methods: The present study include 30 subjects having oxidative stress, age between 40-60 years, nonsmoker, with no history of chronic systemic illness and no medication were taken as patients.30 patients matched healthy subjects were taken as control. All subjects were selected from outpatient department of NSCB Medical College Jabalpur M.P. After estimation of base line antioxidant enzyme and vitamins, we supplement 180 gm of tomato (products like soup, paste. ketchup) contain 12 mg of lycopene to the patient group. After 60 days of lycopene supplementation oxidative stress biomarkers like SOD, GPX, GR, GSH, lipid peroxidation product MDA and other antioxidant vitamins A, vitamin C, vitamin E were estimated in patient's blood sample. Results: The main result of the study revealed that lipid per oxidation product MDA was found to be decreased significantly but after lycopene supplementation levels were improved. The results of SOD , GPX, GR, GSH,Vitamin A ,Vitamin E and Vitamin C were significantly increased after lycopene supplementation, it indicates the improved antioxidant profile after the supplementation of lycopene. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in oxidative stress after the supplementation of lycopene therefore the study suggest that body's internal production of antioxidant is not enough to neutralize all free radicals, so increased dietary intake of antioxidant lycopene in the form of tomato products is beneficial, which is easily available in developing country like India. Key Words: Oxidative stress; Lycopene; MDA; GSH; SOD; Vitamin C; Vitamin E DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9500 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 275-279