Significant Changes In Position Research Articles

Effect of maxillary molars distalization using clear aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances on the positional and dimensional temporomandibular joint parameters: a three-dimensional comparative study.

The use of clear aligners (CAs) for orthodontic treatment has substantially increased in recent decades. However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding their potential effects on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of maxillary molar distalization on the positional and dimensional TMJ parameters between CAs and conventional fixed orthodontic appliances (FAs) in skeletal class II malocclusion. This is a retrospective cohort study examined 70 adult patients with skeletal class II malocclusion with similar baseline characteristics based on American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) discrepancy index scores. The patients were treated by maxillary distalization movement by CAs or FAs, of which there were two equal groups of 35 patients were included in each group. CBCTs on TMJs were performed before and after treatment through Anatomage Invivo Dental 6.0. The measured parameters included inclination, position, condyle and articular fossa dimensions, and the volumetric joint spaces. In both groups, linear measurements of the maxillary molar position revealed significant improvement after treatment (P < 0.001). Regarding TMJ parameters, intra-group comparisons revealed significant changes in FA group in the anterioposterior condylar inclination and condylar position across the three planes. Additionally, the pretreatment-centric condylar position in the glenoid fossa was 45.7% and 40% in the CA and FA groups, respectively. After treatment, these percentages changed to 51.4% and 31.4%, respectively. In inter-group comparisons, significant changes were noted in the mediolateral condylar position, which was more inward in the FA group than the CA group. The FA group had more significant dimensional and positional changes in the mandibular condyle than the CA group; nevertheless, the changes are considered clinically negligible.

Lip and incisor changes in patients with different ethnicities treated with extraction versus nonextraction: A cone-beam computed tomography study

This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) via voxel-based superimposition to evaluate lip and incisor changes after orthodontic treatment with four premolar extractions (Ext) versus nonextraction (Non-Ext) among African American (AA) and White (W) patients. A total of 240 CBCTs of 120 adolescent orthodontic patients with Class I skeletal/dental relationships were included. Patients were initially divided according to treatment, and then each group was subdivided according to patients' ethnicity (Ext/W = 30, Ext/AA = 30, Non-Ext/W = 30, and Non-Ext/AA = 30). CBCTs were imported into Invivo6 for voxel-based superimposition. Lip and incisor measurements were recorded. Independent t tests and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical assessment. The Non-Ext/W group had a greater increase in all outcome variables compared with the Non-Ext/AA group, with a significant change in volume and position of upper (UL) and lower lips (LL), inclination of upper (U1) and lower incisors (L1), and position of U1. The Ext/AA group had a greater decrease in all measured outcomes compared with the Ext/W group, with significant change in inclination of U1 and L1, and position and volume of LL. W patients had more crowding than AA patients in both treatment approaches. Retraction ratios of 6.5:1 and 2.1:1 were recorded between the U1 and UL positions, and L1 and LL positions, respectively. There were no direct interaction effects between ethnicity and treatment, nor were there any significant effects of ethnicity after controlling for the covariates. Ethnicity alone has no impact on incisor and lip position after treatment. However, ethnicity in the form of initial presentation of malocclusion can have a significant influence.

Quantitative and Aesthetic Analysis of Changes in Eyebrow Position After Subbrow Blepharoplasty.

Narrowing of the distance between the eyes and eyebrows is commonly observed after subbrow blepharoplasty. The purpose of this study was to quantify the changes in brow-lid distance after subbrow blepharoplasty in Asian women. We observed and standardized the pre- and postoperative photographs of 63 patients who underwent subbrow blepharoplasty from January 2020 to October 2022. We measured the distances from the medial and lateral eyebrow to the lower lid margin on the right side of the face and then analyzed the changes in postoperative brow-lid distance using the standard iris diameter for Asian women of 11.5mm as a reference. Photographs of 63 patients were included in the study. All 63 patients were females. The average postoperative distance of the lateral eyebrow to the lower lid margin was 30.08 ± 2.74mm, a significant decrease in comparison to the preoperative distance (31.84 ± 2.65mm) (P < 0.001). The mean postoperative distance of the medial eyebrow to the lower lid margin was 25.84 ± 2.87mm, compared with that of the preoperative distance (27.59 ± 2.94mm), which was a significant decrease (P<0.001). All 63 patients (100%) had a decrease in the lateral eyebrow distance, while 59 (93.65%) had a decreased medial eyebrow distance. There was a statistically significant change in brow position, consistent with our observations. Subbrow blepharoplasty can cause a decrease in the distance between the eyebrows and eyes. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The Negative Transfer of Shanghai Dialect on English Vowel Phonology Acquisition of Shanghai High School Students

With the accerleration of globalisation, the importance of English as an international common language has become more and more prominent. This study investigated the negative transfer effect of Shanghai dialect on English vowel acquisition in Shanghai high school students. Through the analysis of formant data of English vowel pronunciation in 49 Shanghai high school students, it is found that there is no significant change in tongue position when students pronounce some long and short vowels, the overall tongue position is low, and the distinction between long and short vowels is not obvious. The results show that the specific vowel phonemes in Shanghai dialect have a negative transfer effect on English pronunciation, which affects the accuracy of students' English pronunciation. Based on this, this study puts forward a variety of methods to improve English pronunciation teaching, including strengthening tongue position and oral shape training, using multimedia technology to assist teaching and providing personalized tutoring to help students overcome pronunciation barriers caused by dialects.

A positioning approach to upper extremity sonographic evaluation and intervention.

Total supported abduction, or TSA, is a position for ultrasound evaluations and guided interventions of the upper extremity. It provides optimal access to the medial arm through the volar wrist and palmar hand for diagnostic evaluations of the median and ulnar nerves as well as procedures including injections for carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, and stenosing tenosynovitis. It enables ease of both ipsilateral and bilateral evaluations/interventions without the need for significant positional changes by the patient or physician. Incorporation of TSA may enhance clinical efficiency by reducing the amount of time, materials, and space required to provide such services.

Three-Dimensional Changes of Condylar Position After Bimaxillary Surgery to Correct Skeletal III Malocclusion: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Voxel-Based Superimposition Analysis

BackgroundThe stability of the condylar position within the first three months after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion is crucial for subsequent orthodontic treatment. PurposeThe purpose was to compare condylar positional changes three months after bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal Class III deformities, utilizing the conventional two-dimensional (2D) combined with the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) voxel-based superimposition analysis. Study design, setting, sampleThis retrospective cohort study included skeletal Class III patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery at Khon Kaen University, Thailand in 2020. Exclusion criteria were patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms, facial asymmetry prior to the surgery, or surgical complications. Exposure variableThe exposure variable was the timing, both preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. This 3-month postoperative time point was chosen because complete healing of the bimaxillary surgery is expected by then, without any potential influence of condylar changes resulting from subsequent orthodontic treatment. Main outcome variablesThe outcome variable is condylar position measurement, joint space (mm) and axial condylar angle (degrees). CovariatesDemographics (age, sex), and surgical details (direction and amount of movement) were collected as covariates. AnalysesStatistical analysis of condylar positional changes and correlations was performed using paired t-test and linear correlation (P-value < 0.05), respectively. ResultsThe sample included 11 subjects (22 condyles), with a mean age of 24±5.24 years. Both 2D measurements and voxel-based 3D superimposition showed significant changes in condylar position three months after bimaxillary surgery: inferior (0.45±0.26 mm, P < 0.001), posterior (0.46±0.39 mm, P = 0.003), lateral (0.38±0.42 mm, P = 0.01) displacement, and inward rotation (5.21±2.54°, P < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between jaw movement distance and condylar changes. Conclusions and relevanceTo our knowledge, this is the first study to report measures of condylar changes at 3 months, when complete healing of the osteotomies would be expected, using Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement combined with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for mandibular setback. These changes are small in magnitude and may be of little relevance to patient care.

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Changes in Condylar Position After Orthognathic Surgery With Different Types of Jaw Deformities

BackgroundAssessing condyle position post orthognathic surgery is pivotal for optimizing surgical accuracy, sustaining postoperative stability, and ensuring predictable treatment outcomes. PurposeThe aim of this study was to analyze the changes of condyle position after orthognathic surgery with different types of jaw deformity and to analyze whether the changes of condyle position are different. Study design, setting, sampleA retrospective cohort study was designed and conducted, involving adults who underwent orthognathic surgery for jaw deformities at the affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University between 2019 and 2022. Patients with incomplete CT data were excluded. Predictor/exposure/independent variableThe primary predictor variable was time (pre-operative and post-operative) and types of jaw deformities (skeletal Class III, skeletal Class II, and mandibular deviation). Main outcome variable(s)The main outcome variables were the 3D linear and rotational positional changes of the condyle. CovariatesEvaluated covariates included sex and age. AnalysesMIMICS 20.0 software measured all data, and SPSS 22.0 software facilitated statistical analyses. Intra- and inter-group correlation analyses employed paired t-tests and independent t-tests, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. ResultsThe study sample was composed of 32 subjects with a mean age of 22.43±1.6 and 9 were male. The analysis of changes of condylar position from virtual surgical planning to immediate postoperative period showed that the maximum condylar displacement was 1.74 mm and the maximum angular change was 3.92°. The analysis of changes in condylar position from the immediate postoperative period to 1-year postoperatively showed no statistically significant changes for the same type of jaw deformity. But patients with Class II malocclusion exhibited distinct condylar displacement and rotation patterns compared to those with Class III malocclusion and mandibular deformity. Conclusions and RelevanceThe application of virtual surgical planning in orthognathic surgery ensures a high degree of consistency in achieving the desired condylar position. Moreover, no significant change in condylar position was observed after orthognathic surgery for the same type of jaw deformity. However, patients with Class II deformities exhibited a higher susceptibility to rotational displacement of the condyles compared to those with other types of jaw deformities.

Evaluation of intra-articular injection of injectable platelet-rich fibrin, anterior repositioning splint and arthrocentesis in treatment of temporomandibular joint internal derangement

The current research paper was designed to assess the impact of an intra-articular injection of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) following arthrocentesis and the use of an anterior repositioning splint (ARS) as a proposed treatment approach for addressing symptomatic internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study comprised thirty patients who presented with bilateral disc displacement without reduction. The patients were evenly distributed into two groups: Group I underwent treatment involving ARS and arthrocentesis alone, while Group II underwent treatment with ARS, arthrocentesis, and the injection of I-PRF. Clinical assessment of all patients was done postoperatively in the following intervals; first week, first month, third month, and six months for maximum mouth opening (MMO), right and left lateral excursion, and pain score. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment for all joints was done at the sixth month postoperatively. Both groups demonstrated improvement in MMO, lateral excursion, and pain. Significant statistical differences were observed in the mean values of MMO and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), favouring the I-PRF group. MRI postoperatively showed no significant changes in disk position or morphology at the end of the sixth month. Administering an intra-articular I-PRF injection subsequent to arthrocentesis demonstrates effectiveness as a treatment approach for alleviating the signs and symptoms associated with internal derangement of the TMJ.

Improved analysis of NMR chemical shift perturbations through an error estimation method

In solution NMR, chemical shift perturbation (CSP) experiments are widely employed to study intermolecular interactions. However, excluding the nonsignificant peak shift is difficult because little is known about errors in CSP. Here, to address this issue, we introduce a method for estimating errors in CSP based on the noise level. First, we developed a technique that involves line shape fitting to estimate errors in peak position via Monte Carlo simulations. Second, this technique was applied to estimate errors in CSP. In intermolecular interaction analysis of VAP-A with SNX2, error estimation of CSP enabled the evaluation of small but significant changes in peak position and yielded detailed insights that are unattainable with conventional CSP analysis. Third, this technique was successfully applied to estimate errors in residual dipolar couplings. In conclusion, our error estimation method improves CSP analysis by excluding the nonsignificant peak shift.

Abstract PO2-22-08: Nipple areolar complex changes after breast-conserving surgical therapy and periareolar mastopexy: a three-dimensional Surface Analysis

Abstract Objectives: The position and configuration of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) have a high impact on satisfaction (objective and subjective) after breast-conserving therapy (BCT). The aim of this study is to objectively measure the changes in the NAC after breast conservation surgery by the use of the 3D whole body scanner and compare its results with the outcome reported by the patients. This will support further patients and help physicians to tailor their technique prior to breast-conserving surgery. Methods: In a unicentric pilot project 6 months after BET with periareolar mastopexy and adjuvant radiation between 2019 and 2022, 38 women were studied. The mean age was 56.3 ±11.6 and BMI was 24.6 ± 4.5 kg/m². Objective 3D parameters were collected using the Vectra Whole Body Surface Imaging System (WB360) based on breast and NAC dimensions. In addition, the patients received the BCT module and the mastopexy module items about satisfaction with the NAC from the BREAST Q questionnaire. Results: In a group of 38 women, BCT with periareolar mastopexy and irradiation showed a small but significant change in NAC position and shape (see Table 1). This small change is matched by the high satisfaction with the nipple and areola surveyed in the BREAST-Q questionnaire. More than 66% of the women were rather satisfied or very satisfied. The BREAST-Q results from the Items about satisfaction with the nipple and areola are shown in Table 2. However, 34% of participants reported being somewhat dissatisfied to very dissatisfied with the symmetry of placement. This could be due to a significant cumulative small change in nipple-sternal notch distance and nipple-midline distance. No significant difference was found when measuring the nipple-inframammary fold distance (p=0.649). The absolute difference was of 0.13 ± 1.22 mm. The change in breast diameter was of 0.55 ± 1.54 mm (relative 2,75 ± 7.95%). There was also no significance (p=0.042). This indicates that after BCT, the nipple-inframammary fold distance and breast diameter did not change significantly. Breast volume decreases insignificantly by 49.2 ± 136.1 cc (relative 12,96 ± 33.51) on the operated side (p=0.009). In particular, a difference in vertical diameter of the NAC of -4,79 mm (14,27%) was observed between the non-operated and the operated breast (p=0.005 by Wilcoxon-test). The BREAST-Q BCT Module consists of 8 domains. The higher the score, the higher the satisfaction with the questioned item. In our sample of 38 women, satisfaction with the surgeon(s) was highest (BREAST-Q score of 83,97 ± 19,12). The mean Q score for satisfaction with "psychosocial well-being" is 67,47 ± 22,03. For the item "sexual well-being", only 35 women answered sufficient questions and the mean Q score was 54,42 ± 16,43. “Satisfaction with breast” had a Q-score of 61,03 ± 19,36. The questions about "physical well-being" had a mean of 70,11 ± 16,69. The Q-score for “satisfaction with medical team”, “with office staff”, and “with information” can be seen in Table 3. Conclusions: In a nutshell, the conclusion of this study is that the Vectra XT 3D-Imaging is a useful tool to assess the cosmetic outcome in terms of NAC position and shape. Hence, it is a helpful tool to support the planning of the surgery and may have a positive impact on the outcome. Postoperatively, there was only a slight change in the NAC dimension and position compared with intraoperative planning. The 3D Surface Analysis is most useful in assessing the quality of reconstruction after BCT and additionally the NAC is therefore an important factor for patient satisfaction. Results of a multicenter study are pending. Table 1: Descriptive statistic and Wilcoxon-test Results from the measures from the Breast and from NAC Dimension and Position (n=38) The 3D Measures from the Breast and from NAC Dimension and Position Table 2: Results from the BREAST-Q mastopexy modul about satisfaction with the nipples (n=38) Satisfaction with the nipples Table 3: Results from the BREAST-Q BCT Modul after BCT and periareolar mastopexy und adjuvant radiation (n=38) BREAST-Q Scores Citation Format: Therese Peter, Konstantin Koban, Denis Ehrl, Pamina Geiger, Nadia Harbeck, Steffen Kahlert, Carolin Luczak, Johannes Schmid, Rachel Wuerstlein, Friederike Hagemann. Nipple areolar complex changes after breast-conserving surgical therapy and periareolar mastopexy: a three-dimensional Surface Analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-22-08.

Point mutations in Arf1 reveal cooperative effects of the N-terminal extension and myristate for GTPase-activating protein catalytic activity.

The ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) constitute a family of small GTPases within the Ras superfamily, with a distinguishing structural feature of a hypervariable N-terminal extension of the G domain modified with myristate. Arf proteins, including Arf1, have roles in membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics. While screening for Arf1:small molecule co-crystals, we serendipitously solved the crystal structure of the non-myristoylated engineered mutation [L8K]Arf1 in complex with a GDP analogue. Like wild-type (WT) non-myristoylated Arf1•GDP, we observed that [L8K]Arf1 exhibited an N-terminal helix that occludes the hydrophobic cavity that is occupied by the myristoyl group in the GDP-bound state of the native protein. However, the helices were offset from one another due to the L8K mutation, with a significant change in position of the hinge region connecting the N-terminus to the G domain. Hypothesizing that the observed effects on behavior of the N-terminus affects interaction with regulatory proteins, we mutated two hydrophobic residues to examine the role of the N-terminal extension for interaction with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase Activating Proteins (GAPs. Different than previous studies, all mutations were examined in the context of myristoylated Arf. Mutations had little or no effect on spontaneous or GEF-catalyzed guanine nucleotide exchange but did affect interaction with GAPs. [F13A]myrArf1 was less than 1/2500, 1/1500, and 1/200 efficient as substrate for the GAPs ASAP1, ARAP1 and AGAP1; however, [L8A/F13A]myrArf1 was similar to WT myrArf1. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the effect of the mutations on forming alpha helices adjacent to a membrane surface was examined, yet no differences were detected. The results indicate that lipid modifications of GTPases and consequent anchoring to a membrane influences protein function beyond simple membrane localization. Hypothetical mechanisms are discussed.

Comparing Video Analysis to Computerized Detection of Limb Position for the Diagnosis of Movement Control during Back Squat Exercise with Overload.

Incorrect limb position while lifting heavy weights might compromise athlete success during weightlifting performance, similar to the way that it increases the risk of muscle injuries during resistance exercises, regardless of the individual's level of experience. However, practitioners might not have the necessary background knowledge for self-supervision of limb position and adjustment of the lifting position when improper movement occurs. Therefore, the computerized analysis of movement patterns might assist people in detecting changes in limb position during exercises with different loads or enhance the analysis of an observer with expertise in weightlifting exercises. In this study, hidden Markov models (HMMs) were employed to automate the detection of joint position and barbell trajectory during back squat exercises. Ten volunteers performed three lift movements each with a 0, 50, and 75% load based on body weight. A smartphone was used to record the movements in the sagittal plane, providing information for the analysis of variance and identifying significant position changes by video analysis (p < 0.05). Data from individuals performing the same movements with no added weight load were used to train the HMMs to identify changes in the pattern. A comparison of HMMs and human experts revealed between 40% and 90% agreement, indicating the reliability of HMMs for identifying changes in the control of movements with added weight load. In addition, the results highlighted that HMMs can detect changes imperceptible to the human visual analysis.

Simultaneous standard total joint prosthesis reconstruction with SSRO and Le Fort I osteotomy in the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with jaw deformity: a case cohort study.

Unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with jaw deformity (UTMJAJD) may require simultaneous total joint prosthesis (TJP) reconstruction, sagittal split ramus (SSRO), and Le Fort I osteotomies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patients treated with these procedures. Patients diagnosed UTMJAJD between 2016 and 2018 were selected for the study. Mandible-first procedure was performed after ankylosis release with TJP on the ankylosed side and SSRO on the contralateral side. Le Fort I osteotomy with and without genioplasty was lastly performed. Maximal incisor opening (MIO), facial symmetry, and jaw and condyle stability were compared before, after operation, and during follow-ups. Seven patients were included in the study. Their average chin deviation was 9.5 ± 4.2mm, and maxillary cant was 5.1 ± 3.0°. After operation, jaw deformity significantly improved, with chin deviation corrected 7.6 ± 4.1mm (p = 0.015) and advanced 5.9 ± 2.5mm (p = 0.006). After an average follow-up of 26.6 ± 17.1months, MIO significantly increased from 11.4 ± 9.3 to 35.7 ± 2.6mm (p = 0.000). The occlusion was stable with no significant positional or rotational changes of the jaw (p > 0.05). There was no obvious condylar resorption during follow-ups. Simultaneous TJP reconstruction, SSRO, and Le Fort I osteotomy are reliable and effective methods for the treatment of UTMJAJD.

Lumbar Spine Anatomy in Supine versus Weight- Bearing Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Detecting Significant Positional Changes and Testing Reliability of Quantification.

Testing between and within group differences and assessing reliability of measurements. To study and compare lumbar spine morphology in supine and weight-bearing (WB) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Upright lumbar MRI may uncover anatomical changes that may escape detection when using conventional supine imaging. This study quantified anatomical dimensions of the lumbar spine in the supine and WB MRI, compared specific morphometric differences between them, and tested the intra-rater reliability of the measurements. Repeated measures analysis was used to compare within- and between-session measurements performed on the supine and WB images. Reliability and agreement were assessed by calculating intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. Data from 12 adults without any history of back pain were used in this study. Sagittal T2-weighted images of the lumbar spine were acquired in the supine and WB positions twice (in two separate sessions scheduled within a week). Linear, angular dimensions, and cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were measured using proprietary software. Supine and WB data acquired from the two imaging sessions were tested for intra-rater reliability. Quantified data were normalized for each session to test the significance of differences. ICC was calculated to test the reliability of the measurements. Linear, angular, and CSA measurements demonstrated strong within-position (supine and WB) correlations (r -values, 0.75-0.97). Between-position (supine vs. WB) differences were significant for all measured dimensions (p<0.05). Between-session measurements demonstrated a strong correlation (r -values, 0.64-0.83). Calculated ICC showed strong agreement among the measurements. Anatomical dimensions of the lumbar spine may demonstrate consistent and significant differences between supine and WB MRI for specific structural parameters.

Intraoperative liver deformation and organ motion caused by ventilation, laparotomy, and pneumoperitoneum in a porcine model for image-guided liver surgery

BackgroundImage-guidance promises to make complex situations in liver interventions safer. Clinical success is limited by intraoperative organ motion due to ventilation and surgical manipulation. The aim was to assess influence of different ventilatory and operative states on liver motion in an experimental model.MethodsLiver motion due to ventilation (expiration, middle, and full inspiration) and operative state (native, laparotomy, and pneumoperitoneum) was assessed in a live porcine model (n = 10). Computed tomography (CT)-scans were taken for each pig for each possible combination of factors. Liver motion was measured by the vectors between predefined landmarks along the hepatic vein tree between CT scans after image segmentation.ResultsLiver position changed significantly with ventilation. Peripheral regions of the liver showed significantly higher motion (maximal Euclidean motion 17.9 ± 2.7 mm) than central regions (maximal Euclidean motion 12.6 ± 2.1 mm, p < 0.001) across all operative states. The total average motion measured 11.6 ± 0.7 mm (p < 0.001). Between the operative states, the position of the liver changed the most from native state to pneumoperitoneum (14.6 ± 0.9 mm, p < 0.001). From native state to laparotomy comparatively, the displacement averaged 9.8 ± 1.2 mm (p < 0.001). With pneumoperitoneum, the breath-dependent liver motion was significantly reduced when compared to other modalities. Liver motion due to ventilation was 7.7 ± 0.6 mm during pneumoperitoneum, 13.9 ± 1.1 mm with laparotomy, and 13.5 ± 1.4 mm in the native state (p < 0.001 in all cases).ConclusionsVentilation and application of pneumoperitoneum caused significant changes in liver position. Liver motion was reduced but clearly measurable during pneumoperitoneum. Intraoperative guidance/navigation systems should therefore account for ventilation and intraoperative changes of liver position and peripheral deformation.

Investigation of Condyle Positions in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorder by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: The condylar position refers to the location of the mandibular condyle within the glenoid fossa when the teeth are in maximum intercuspal, and it is an important indicator of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function. This study aimed to assess the condylar position of the TMJ in patients with TMJ disorder using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The present study utilized CBCT to evaluate the condylar position of the TMJ in a sample of 56 patients. Among them, 28 patients were asymptomatic while the remaining 28 had been diagnosed with TMJ disease. To evaluate the presence of TMJ disorders, the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders was employed. This diagnostic tool is widely used in clinical and research settings to assess TMJ-related pain and dysfunction. Results: The agreement was excellent, according to the intra-observer and inter-observer correlation values obtained. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and gender distribution. The results showed that the anterior and posterior joint spaces were significantly higher in the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of superior joint space and articular eminence inclination values. Gender did not create a significant difference in any parameter. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize that CBCT images have an important role in detecting significant changes in condyle position in patients with TMJ disorders. However, further large-scale studies are necessary to validate and enhance the findings.

Assessment and Validation of Anterior Humeral Line for Diagnosing Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in the Pediatric Population.

Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are commonly evaluated using the anterior humeral line (AHL) on a lateral radiograph. Rotational variations in radiographic projection are common due to child discomfort and could lead to changes in management based on where the AHL intersects the capitellum. The purpose of this study was to establish whether rotational variations in elbow rotation leads to significant changes in AHL position and whether drawing the AHL based on the distal humerus versus shaft is more tolerant to rotation. Fifty children with nonoperative supracondylar humerus fractures were identified with sub optimally positioned injury and well positioned follow-up lateral radiographs. The proportion of the bone anterior to the intersection of the AHL and the capitellum was measured using the humeral shaft versus distal humerus to guide position of the AHL. This process was repeated on ten pediatric humerus dry cadaveric specimens which were imaged in 5-degree rotational increments along the axis of the humeral shaft from -20 to +20 degrees. AHL position correlated poorly when measured on rotated lateral radiographs of clinical patients versus non-rotated lateral radiographs when using the distal humerus as a guide (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.14), compared with when using the humeral shaft as a guide (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.81). When assessing the pediatric humerus dry cadavers between the 2 techniques, there was greater statistically significant variation in rotated positions compared with the neutral position in the distal humerus AHL measurement approach compared with the humeral shaft AHL measurement approach, with the mean AHL within the central third of the capitellum for more rotational positions when using the shaft compared with the distal humerus. With rotated lateral elbow radiographs in supracondylar humerus fractures, utilizing the humeral shaft provides more consistent AHL measurements than utilizing the distal humerus, and thus drawing the line starting at the shaft of the humerus is recommended for surgical decision making.

An integrated satellite characterization and hydrodynamic study in assessing coastal dynamics in Cirebon, West Java

Located on the northern coast of Java Island, the coastal area of Cirebon is an area with rapid population growth and extensively developed as settlement areas, industrial estates, fisheries, agriculture, and public service infrastructures. Coastal dynamics issues have been occurring in the coastal area of Cirebon, which is characterized by significant changes in shoreline position. Moreover, some critical infrastructures are not functioning properly and may cause high maintenance costs and economic loss to the related stakeholders. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of the coastal dynamics along the 73.16 km of Cirebon shoreline through remote sensing and GIS methods supported by hydrodynamic analysis. This study applied coastal characterization, coastal structure identifications, and coastal processes assessments, including erosion and accretion analysis, hydrodynamic and tidal analysis, and inundation projection. The study indicates that some areas have been subject to significant erosion and accretion during the last two decades, with the total lengths of the eroded and accreted shoreline being −21.9 km (35.6%) and ＋39.6 km (64.4%), respectively. Furthermore, the coastal structures significantly influence the coastline’s dynamic and mitigate the negative impacts of coastal floods. Jetty access channels in the west area have caused partial coastal erosion, while the breakwaters in the east area accelerated sedimentation processes and improved the growth of mangroves simultaneously. This study also simulated the potentially inundated areas by 2050 in four scenarios based on projected sea level rise, land subsidence, and extreme wave events. Policies to prevent such potential hazards are needed to avoid negative impacts on the living quality and vital economic sectors. This study provides insight into coastal characterization, potential coastal hazards, and their driving processes in time and space scale for coastal adaptation planning policies and sustainable coastal hazard management and mitigation.

Spin-Current-Driven Permeability Variation for Time-Varying Magnetic Metamaterials

We study permeability ($\ensuremath{\mu}$) variation of a lithographically prepared magnetic meta-atom consisting of $\mathrm{Ta}$/Py/$\mathrm{Pt}$ trilayers by means of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST FMR). With an injection of a direct current up to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mA}$ together with an alternating current in GHz frequencies, the meta-atom under external magnetic fields shows significant changes in position and width of ST FMR signals due to a massive spin-current injection. This leads to the spin-current-driven $\ensuremath{\mu}$ variation, which is verified by analytical calculation based upon the experimentally obtained resonance field and Gilbert-damping parameter. The present study paves a way to time-varying spintronic metamaterials with a high modulation frequency for realizing microwave sources toward the post-fifth-generation mobile-communication system.

Mobility of the arytenoid cartilage in glottic carcinoma: a CT image study

Background Laryngeal carcinomas cause vocal cord (VC) mobility problems. Other than evaluation through flexible laryngoscopy, rare reports concerning CT findings for the motion of the VC or arytenoid cartilage (AC) are found. Aims/objectives To explore a novel evaluation of the mobility of the AC in glottic carcinoma. Material and Methods In 39 patients with glottic carcinoma grouped upon lesion locations and AC mobilities, laryngeal CT scans were collected during inspiration and phonation. AC static position and motion data were compared between paired lesion and control sides. Results No significant difference showed in the group with glottic carcinoma invading the anterior 2/3 of VC. In the abnormal mobility group, significant AC position changes and weaker motion of most measurements were proved on the lesion side. Lesion invading the posterior 1/3 of VC also resulted in an adducted, medially rotated and forward-tilted AC, rotation of axial angle (RAA) was the only motion item that decreased significantly. Conclusions and Significance In most glottic cancer cases, CT and laryngoscope had similar judgments for AC mobility. For lesions extending to the cartilaginous VC with laryngoscopically confirmed normal mobility, CT measurement of RAA showed the feasibility of being an indicator for the earliest motion problem.