Significant Changes In Heart Rate Research Articles

Heart Rate and Rhythm Changes in Dogs Treated in a Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber

In veterinary medicine, hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment (HBOT) is gaining popularity. Therefore, an increasing number of patients referred for this therapy are being recorded, mainly due to ischemic events, wound healing support, and a high risk of reperfusion damage. During the HBOT procedure, several changes occur in the body’s micro- and macroenvironments. This study involved 34 dogs of various ages and health statuses. The atmospheric conditions in the test hyperbaric chamber included a pressure of 1.5 atmosphere absolute (ATA) at 100% oxygenation. The individuals were divided into three groups: (1) individuals with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD), (2) individuals with diseases other than cardiac issues, and (3) healthy individuals who qualified for the HBOT procedure. The period of measurement using the Holter apparatus was divided into four stages: 30 min before the subject’s placement in the hyperbaric chamber; a 4-min compression period (setting chamber conditions); a 90 min HBOT period; and a 1 min decompression period of the hyperbaric chamber. During the HBOT, there was a statistically significant decrease in heart rate in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1. The heart rate in group 1 remained unchanged through every period of the study. In addition, some of the dogs developed respiratory arrhythmia; in two dogs, premature ventricle beats occurred. The changes observed during the ventricular period indicate that the HBOT procedure causes a significant change in heart rate in dogs without cardiac diseases.

Electrocardiographic Changes in Second and Third Trimester in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study

Background: During pregnancy, there are notable changes in cardiovascular function to meet the increasing needs of the developing baby. The objective of this study was to compare ECG in pregnant women during their second and third trimesters with a control group of non-pregnant women in Bangladesh. This study aims to offer valuable insights into the cardiovascular changes that happen during pregnancy. This study's findings are important for maternal health research and clinical practice in Bangladesh and beyond. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the ECG variations in women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: The study took place in the gynecology Department at CMH Saidpur, Bangladesh. This study was conducted from March 2023 to August 2023. During this period, 75 pregnant patients in their 2nd trimester and 75 patients in their 3rd trimester were chosen as cases from antenatal outdoor, while 75 non-pregnant women of the same age were selected as the control group. We use the purposive sampling method. Results: During pregnancy, there were notable changes in BMI, heart rate, and PR interval. BMI decreased in the second trimester and increased in the third trimester.22.67% were nulliparous and 77.33% were multiparous in 2nd trimester. In the third trimester, 26.67% were nulliparous and 73.33% multiparous. So, no significant difference in parity. Heart rate increased in both trimesters, while the PR interval shortened in both trimesters. No significant changes were observed in the durations of the QRS complex or QT interval. In our study, the QTc interval displayed a significant rise. ST depression, which may suggest decreased blood flow, was exclusively seen in pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester. Conclusion: We found no significant changes in age, but BMI, heart rate, and PR interval were significantly different from the control group throughout pregnancy. No significant QRS complex or QT interval duration changes were identified. The QTc interval rose. ST depression, more prominent in the third trimester, only affected pregnant women. As shown by ST depression, pregnancy may change cardiac function, electrical activity, and ischemia.

Evaluating the effectiveness of quantitative pupillometry in assessing dynamic aerobic training intensity

Sports injuries often arise from improper scheduling of exercise loads, and timely assessment of these loads is essential for minimizing injury risk. This article investigates the validity of using changes in pupillary light reflex (PLR) during dynamic aerobic training as a novel approach to evaluating exercise load. Dynamic aerobic training was conducted on a power bicycle for 15 min. With a 3-minute interval as the demarcation line, PLR measurement was performed before training and heart rate was recorded throughout the process. The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale invented by Borg was used for scoring before training and after training. The normal distribution of data was confirmed through the Shapiro-Wilk test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to quantify the correlation between variables. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) analysis were used to determine the indicators of exercise load. The optimal threshold of the indicators was calculated through the Youden index to evaluate sensitivity and specificity. Thirty male second-tier athletes with a mean age of 23.66 ± 2.21 years, a mean height of 175.3 ± 6.5 cm, and a mean weight of 68.99 ± 10.35 kg participated in this study. Based on the RPE scale results, it was confirmed that the 15-minute dynamic aerobic exercise successfully elicited varying levels of perceived exertion among the athletes. The findings of this study indicate significant changes in PLR and heart rate (HR) with increasing exercise duration and external load. There were strong correlations between RPE and maximum constriction velocity (MCV) (|r| = 0.8309, p < 0.001, negative correlation), maximum diameter (INIT) (r = 0.7641, p < 0.001, positive correlation), time to reach 75% recovery (T75) (|r| = 0.7289, p < 0.001, negative correlation), and HR (r = 0.8170, p < 0.001, positive correlation). Additionally, the results suggest that MCV is the most significant potential indicator for detecting internal load, exhibiting high specificity and sensitivity (AUC = 0.8509, p < 0.001). Further analysis using the Youden index identified 5.07 mm/s as the optimal cutoff value for MCV, indicating that when MCV ≤ 5.07 mm/s, the athletes’ internal load has reached an “Intense” state. PLR may be a potential indicator for assessing internal load Further investigation could involve developing a non-invasive exercise load detection system based on pupillary variable indicators, providing a valuable new approach for accurately measuring exercise load.

Comparison of Standard and Prone-Position Electrocardiograms in COVID-19 Patients With Pulmonary Complications: Correlations and Implications.

Previous research highlighted variability in electrocardiogram (ECG) readings across patient positions, particularly in the context of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary complications requiring prone positioning as part of the treatment. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of prone positioning on ECG parameters and explore its association with the severity of COVID-19. A prospective cohort study involved 60 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and presenting pulmonary complications. ECGs were recorded in both supine and prone positions, and analyzed for various parameters including heart rate, QRS axis, and QTc interval. Clinical severity was assessed using APACHE II scores and SpO2/FiO2 ratios. Prone positioning led to an increase in heart rate (mean difference: 2.100, 95% CI: 0.471-3.729, p = 0.012), with minor shifts in the QRS axis. Heart rate and QRS axis demonstrated strong positive correlations between positions, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.927 and 0.894, respectively. The study also found a significant association between prolonged QTc intervals in the prone position and elevated APACHE II scores, with a relative risk of 10.75 (95% CI: 1.82-63.64, p = 0.008). The prone positioning caused minor yet significant changes in heart rate and QRS axis. The correlation of prolonged QTc intervals in the prone position with higher APACHE II scores suggests the prognostic relevance of prone ECG in COVID-19 patients. However, further research is needed to fully understand the clinical implications and mechanisms of these findings.

Abstract P210: IDENTIFICATION OF ALAMANDINE-(1-5) AS A NEW ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE PEPTIDE OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM

It is currently accepted that angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] and alamandine [Ala 1 -Ang-(1-7)] are members of the counterregulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Both peptides can undergo hydrolysis by angiotensin-converting enzyme and form Ang-(1-5) and Alamandine-(1-5), respectively. Recently, we have shown that Alamandine-(1-5) is present in human and mice circulation. Here, we evaluated the cardiovascular effects induced by intravenous (i.v.) administration of these peptides in conscious normotensive Wistar (n=6 for each peptide) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (n=6 for each peptide). After a period of one hour for stabilization of the cardiovascular parameters, Alamandine-(1-5) or Ang-(1-5) were injected at a dose of 3µg/ 100g of b.w. A similar volume (0.1 ml/ 100g b.w.) of sterile saline was injected into SHR and Wistar rats for control. Alamandine-(1-5) injection produced a progressive decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP, SHR, reaching -33±3.0 mmHg six hours after injection (Baseline SBP: 208±8 mmHg before and 175±10 mmHg, six hours after the injection). In contrast, SBP did not significantly change after the administration of Ang-(1-5) (Baseline SBP: 198±13 mmHg before and 199±8 mmHg six hours after injection). There was no significant change in heart rate (HR) in SHR after Alamandine-(1-5) (Baseline HR: 342±14 beats/min before and 341±18.8 beats/min after six hours) or after Ang-(1-5) (Baseline HR: 333±18 beats/min before and 326±19 beats/min after six hours). Alamandine-(1-5) injection in Wistar rats produced only small changes in BP (Baseline SBP: 109±10 mmHg before injection and 99±11 mmHg six hours after injection, p&lt;0.05). No differences were observed for Ang-(1-5) injection in Wistar rats (Baseline SBP: 118±8 mmHg before injection and 115±9 mmHg six hours after injection) or in HR for Alamandine-(1-5) or Ang-(1-5). Saline injection did not change BP or HR in SHR or in Wistar rats. These results show that Alamandine-(1-5), but not Ang-(1-5), triggers a long-lasting fall in BP in hypertensive animals. These data indicate that we have identified a new vasodilatory peptide of the RAS, increasing our understanding of the complexity of this system and opening a possibility for future development of a new pharmacological target for hypertension treatment.

Human exposure to aerosol from indoor gas stove cooking and the resulting cardiovascular system responses

The effect of cooking aerosol on the human heart was investigated in this study. The heart rate and blood pressure of 33 healthy adults were monitored before, exactly after, and two hours post-exposure (30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes after cooking). One hundred twenty grams of ground beef was fried in sunflower oil for twenty minutes using a gas stove without ventilation. Ultrafine particles, indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, oil, and meat temperatures were monitored during the experiment. The average particle emission rate (S) and average decay rate (a+k) for meat frying were found to be 2.09×1013 (SD=3.94 ×1013, R2=0.98, P <0.0001) particles/min, and 0.055 (SD=0.019, R2=0.91, P <0.0001) particles/min, respectively. No statistically significant changes in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were observed. The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) statistically significantly increased from 98 mmHg (before the exposure) to 106 mmHg 60 minutes after the exposure. The results suggested that frying emission statistically significantly impacted blood pressure.

Posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive and cardiovascular disease symptoms among young patients receiving medical treatment in a heart centre: A cross-sectional study.

Exploring the connections between traumatic experiences and subsequent health outcomes is vital for informing clinical practices and public health policies. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between lifetime trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive and cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms. A total of 171 patients who received treatment in a local heart centre were included in this study. Several questionnaires such as the Life Event Checklist-5, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to measure their traumatic experiences and PTSD and depressive symptoms, respectively. Physiological measures were also examined. Data were analysed using SPSS. The chi-square test showed significant differences in the percentage of reported PTSD symptoms among the patients with CVD (24.0%), patients with kidney disease (4.3%) and patients with other health problems (7.1%). The patients with CVD reported having a significantly higher percentage of PTSD and depressive symptoms than the patients with other medical conditions. The patients with CVD who reported having PTSD symptoms had significant systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate changes compared to the patients who did not. The patients who reported PTSD symptoms had a significantly shorter sleep duration than their counterparts. The SBP and diastolic blood pressure differed significantly between the patients with and without PTSD symptoms. Earlier detection, prevention and intervention related to trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms are suggested to reduce the CVD risk.

Concentration-QTc modeling of sitravatinib in patients with advanced solid malignancies.

Sitravatinib (MGCD516) is an orally available, small molecule, tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumors. Concentration-corrected QT interval (QTc; C-QTc) modeling was undertaken, using 767 matched concentration-ECG observations from 187 patients across two clinical studies in patients with advanced solid malignancies, across a dose range of 10-200 mg, via a linear mixed-effects (LME) model. The effect on heart rate (HR)-corrected QT interval via Fridericia's correction method (QTcF) at the steady-state maximum concentration (Cmax,ss) for the sitravatinib proposed therapeutic dosing regimen (100 mg malate once daily [q.d.]) without and with relevant intrinsic and extrinsic factors were predicted. No significant changes in HR from baseline were observed. Hysteresis between sitravatinib plasma concentration and change in QTcF from baseline (ΔQTcF) was not observed. There was no significant relationship between sitravatinib plasma concentration and ΔQTcF. The final C-QTc model predicted a mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) ΔQTcF of 3.92 (1.95-5.89) ms and 2.94 (0.23-6.10) ms at the proposed therapeutic dosing regimen in patients with normal organ function (best case scenario) and patients with hepatic impairment (worst-case scenario), respectively. The upper bounds of the 90% CIs were below the regulatory threshold of concern of 10 ms. The results of the described C-QTc analysis, along with corroborating results from nonclinical safety pharmacology studies, indicate that sitravatinib has a low risk of QTc interval prolongation at the proposed therapeutic dose of 100 mg malate q.d.

Metformin as an alternative therapeutic intervention in hemorrhagic shock

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) continues to significantly contribute to civilian and military mortality, underscoring the critical need for new resuscitation strategies. Recent discussions have emphasized the pivotal role of impaired oxygen delivery and cellular metabolism in exacerbating HS-related damage. Metformin, a well-established diabetes medication, exhibits promising potential to enhance cellular metabolism and activate pathways linked to improved oxygen uptake, thereby optimizing cellular energy management. Thus, this study aimed to assess metformin's effcacy in ameliorating outcomes in animals subjected to HS. To achieve this, Wistar rats were surgically prepared with femoral artery and vein catheters. HS was induced by controlled blood withdrawal to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) within the range of 35-40 mmHg for 90 minutes. Throughout the protocol, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed. The animals were divided into two groups: Lactated Ringer's solution (LR) and LR treated with Metformin (Met). Metformin was administered in three bolus injections: at the start of resuscitation (10mg), 45 minutes into resuscitation (5mg), and 90 minutes into resuscitation (5mg). After 120 minutes, the animals were euthanized, and blood samples were collected for subsequent analysis, including metabolomic profiling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acids, and lipids. Additionally, trypsin-like enzyme activity in the plasma and markers of brain injury were evaluated. Animals treated with Met showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure after resuscitation (LR: 74±5 mmHg vs. LR+Met: 94±3 mmHg) with no significant changes in HR observed. Brain injury markers such as GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein), S100B (astrocytic protein specific to the central nervous system), Tau (microtubule-associated protein), and NFL (axonal protein neurofilament light) were assessed. Animals reperfused with LR and treated with Met displayed a 22% reduction in GFAP levels compared to those reperfused with LR alone, while other markers remained unchanged. Met treatment also led to a reduction in plasmatic metabolites, including Lactate (30%), Succinate (24%), and Fumarate (22%), along with an increase in Citrate (23%) and α-ketoglutarate (24%)—all constituents of the TCA cycle. Additionally, an increase in amino acid metabolites and a decrease in lipid metabolites were observed. Recent research has suggested that HS results in elevated levels of trypsin-like enzymes in the plasma and that inhibiting these enzymes might improve outcomes during resuscitation. Our study revealed that treatment with Met reduced approximately 60% of trypsin-like enzyme activity in the plasma compared to the LR-only group. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Met, when administered in conjunction with LR as a resuscitation solution, significantly enhances post-resuscitation BP compared to LR alone. This improved outcome may be associated with alterations in the TCA cycle and the inhibition of trypsin-like enzyme activity. However, further investigations are necessary to elucidate the precise role of these changes in the observed enhancements within this experimental model. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01HL162120. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Effect of series of periodic limb movements in sleep on blood pressure, heart rate and high frequency heart rate variability.

The phenomenon known as periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) has been linked to a change in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and its effect on circulatory regulation. Autonomic dysfunction or dysregulation in patients with PLMS has been described in some domains; however, any relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and PLMS has not been clearly established. HRV analysis is a recognised, non-invasive research method that describes the influence of the ANS on heart rate (HR). The aim of our study was to further investigate the dysregulation of autonomic HR control in patients with PLMS. We undertook a retrospective analysis of the polysomnographic (PSG), demographic and medical data of five patients with a total number of 1,348 PLMS. We analysed HR, HRV HF, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for 10 heartbeats before the series of PLMS and 10 consecutive heartbeats as beat-to-beat measurements. The presented method of using successive, short, 10 RR interval segments refers to the time-frequency measurement, which is very clear and useful for presenting changes in the calculated parameters over time and thereby illustrating their dynamics. This method allowed us to assess dynamic changes in HRV HF during successive PLMS series. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (v. 28.0.0.0). The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to find statistically significant changes from baseline. No statistically significant changes in HR, SBP, or DBP were found in our group, although an increase in the value of the HRV HF was noted, suggesting an increase in intracardiac parasympathetic activity during the subsequent series of PLMS. Our study indicates an increase in parasympathetic activity during the appearance of successive PLMS, which, with the simultaneous lack of changes in HR, may suggest an increase in sympathetic activity, and therefore the appearance of so-called 'autonomic co-activation' resulting in the possibility of life-threatening cardiac events. Our findings add to the literature information regarding HRV in PLMS, and highlight the need for further studies to elucidate the effects of these conditions on the ANS, and on cardiovascular health.

Cardiorespiratory Responses to Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Humans With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.

Brief exposure to repeated episodes of low inspired oxygen, or acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), is a promising therapeutic modality to improve motor function after chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Although therapeutic AIH is under extensive investigation in persons with SCI, limited data are available concerning cardiorespiratory responses during and after AIH exposure despite implications for AIH safety and tolerability. Thus, we recorded immediate (during treatment) and enduring (up to 30 min post-treatment) cardiorespiratory responses to AIH in 19 participants with chronic SCI (>1 year post-injury; injury levels C1 to T6; American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A to D; mean age = 33.8 ± 14.1 years; 18 males). Participants completed a single AIH (15, 60-sec episodes, inspired O2 ≈ 10%; 90-sec intervals breathing room air) and Sham (inspired O2 ≈ 21%) treatment, in random order. During hypoxic episodes: (1) arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation decreased to 82.1 ± 2.9% (p < 0.001); (2) minute ventilation increased 3.83 ± 2.29 L/min (p = 0.008); and (3) heart rate increased 4.77 ± 6.82 bpm (p = 0.010). Considerable variability in cardiorespiratory responses was found among subjects; some individuals exhibited large hypoxic ventilatory responses (≥0.20 L/min/%, n = 11), whereas others responded minimally (<0.20 L/min/%, n = 8). Apneas occurred frequently during AIH and/or Sham protocols in multiple participants. All participants completed AIH treatment without difficulty. No significant changes in ventilation, heart rate, or arterial blood pressure were found 30 min post-AIH p > 0.05). In conclusion, therapeutic AIH is well tolerated, elicits variable chemoreflex activation, and does not cause persistent changes in cardiorespiratory control/function 30 min post-treatment in persons with chronic SCI.

Comparison of First Analgesic Demand in Post-Operative Period Among Diclofenac Group Versus Paracetamol Group

Background: Pain after major surgery causes delays in patients' postoperative recovery, extended hospitalization periods, excessive use of analgesics, and is extremely stressful for both surgery and anesthesia. Preemptive analgesia is a treatment that begins before surgery to prevent the development of central sensitization caused by incisional and inflammatory damage that occur during surgery and in the early postoperative period. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are commonly used for this purpose. Diclofenac sodium is a typical, inexpensive NSAIDS. Preemptive analgesia can reduce the severity and duration of pain while also delaying it. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the Comparison of first analgesic demand in post-operative period among Diclofenac group versus Paracetamol group. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology &amp; ICU Bangladesh Medical College Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh during 18th January 2020 to 17th July 2020. A total of 50 patients were participated in the study. Sample was selected by random sampling in two groups distributed as- group A (Oral diclofenac sodium), group B (Oral paracetamol). Statistical analyses of the results were be obtained by using window-based Microsoft Excel and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-24). Results: The majority of patients (63.0%) were between 40 and 59 years old, with a mean age of 48.3 ± 11.2 years. In groups A (58%) and B (56%), nearly two-thirds of the patients had an ASA grade of one. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p&gt;0.05). At baseline, no significant change in heart rate, SBP, or DBP was seen across groups. The postoperative heart rate and other haemodynamic state were assessed at two, six-, and twelve-hours following surgery. Conclusion: Preemptive oral Diclofenac sodium had significant effect on reducing postoperative pain and postoperative .......

Respuesta hemodinámica a dosis subanestésicas de ketamina en dolor posoperatorio: revisión sistemática

Introduction: Low-dose ketamine infusions have shown analgesic effectiveness for the management of postoperative pain. The impact of low-dose ketamine infusions on cardiovascular response is dose-dependent and requires a better knowledge about its effects on this population.&#x0D; Objective: To conduct a systematic review to describe changes in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, and heart rate 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery.&#x0D; Methods: Randomized, controlled trials were reviewed in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Lilacs and grey literature on low-dose ketamine infusions for the study variables. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane’s risk of bias tool.&#x0D; Results: Six randomized, controlled trials with 641 patients were included. Low-quality evidence was found suggestive of a lack of certainty of any significant differences in the systolic blood pressure variables at 24 hours (mean standard deviation -1.00, 95 % CI: -7.27 to 5.27). A statistically significant higher mean heart rate at 24 hours was identified in the low-dose ketamine infusion group, (mean standard deviation 1.64 95 % CI: 0.38 to 2.90) which did not reach clinical significance. A lower pain level and less use of opioids was identified in the low-dose ketamine infusion group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Low quality evidence was found, suggesting that low-dose ketamine infusions are not associated with significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate 24 – 48 hours after surgery. It is important to individualize cardiovascular risk for each case, before initiating treatment.

Effects of war-related stress on the cardiovascular system, metabolism and the rate of ageing in women

Chronic war-related stress (WRS) due to disruption of adaptation mechanisms can affect physiological processes in the body, in particular, metabolism, neuroendocrine regulation, and the state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. WRS can also cause changes in the body's rate of ageing. Purpose of the Study: To investigate the effects of WRS on the cardiovascular system, metabolism and the rate of ageing in women. The study included 91 women aged from 30 to 74 years who experienced chronic WRS and 79 women examined before the Russian-Ukrainian war (control group). The biological age (BA) was determined according to the indicators of hemodynamics, heart rate variability and metabolism (cardiometabolic age) using a formula that was obtained by multiple stepwise regression. The indicators were selected, which correlate as much as possible with age and little among themselves. During the war, no statistically significant changes in heart rate, or systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed, but a significant reduction in overall HRV in the supine position was obtained. Additionally, indices of parasympathetic nervous system activity are significantly lower during the war. In women, examined during the war, there is a statistically significant higher concentration of blood plasma glucose at fasting and 2-hour post-standard oral glucose tolerance test, they also exhibit higher plasma insulin concentration and a higher HOMA-IR index. An increased frequency of prediabetic disorders was observed. So, in the group of women examined before the war, an elevated fasting blood plasma glucose level was found in 6 %, while during the war it was observed in 19 %. Impaired glucose tolerance before the war was present in 10 % of women, and during the war, it increased to 25 %. To assess the effect of WRS on the rate of ageing, the BA of women before and during war was calculated. The formula for calculating BA was obtained on a group of healthy women before the war, and the ageing rate was calculated as the difference between BA and chronological age (CA). The average BA in the group of women before the war was 56.5±1.4 years, and in the group during the war – 64.7 ± 1.1 years. The difference between BA and CA is (0.02 ± 0.79) years in the women before the war and (10.8 ± 1.36) years during the war (p &lt; 0.05). Chronic WRS leads to the disruption of the cardiovascular system's functioning and simultaneously triggers an imbalance in the autonomic nervous control in women. These changes indicate a state of heightened stress. Women exposed to chronic WRS experience unfavourable alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus development. Chronic WRS accelerates the rate of cardiometabolic ageing in women. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: cardiovascular system; metabolism; biological age; war-related stress; woman

Comparison of different induction techniques on hemodynamic changes in pediatric patients undergoing infra umbilical surgeries using laryngeal mask airway

Background: Post-induction hypotension associated with various agents is well-known in adults undergoing general anesthesia for various procedures. However, this phenomenon has not been addressed well in pediatric patients. We studied the incidence of postinduction hypotension in patients 1–5 years using inhalational induction with sevoflurane, intravenous induction with propofol, and co-induction with sevoflurane plus propofol. Aims and Objectives: To compare three different induction techniques in children 1–5 years undergoing various infra-umbilical surgeries under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway using sevoflurane induction, propofol induction, and sevoflurane plus propofol co-induction. Materials and Methods: Out of 150 patients observed in this study, 50 patients (group S) received inhalational induction with sevoflurane, 50 (group P) patients received intravenous induction with propofol, and 50 (group SP) patients received co-induction with propofol and sevoflurane. Results: Intravenous induction with propofol resulted in maximum hemodynamic changes Inhalational induction was responsible for significant changes in heart rate whereas co-induction with propofol (1–1.5 mg/kg) and sevoflurane 5% yielded minimum hemodynamic variations with least adverse effects. Conclusion: We conclude that co-induction with propofol (1–1.5 mg/kg) plus Sevoflurane 5% provided better hemodynamic stability with the least adverse effects.

Clinical-haemostasis assessment of anaesthesia regimens in dogs with the somatic type of pain response

The article investigates into the influence of somatic pain syndrome during osteosynthesis on dogs’ clinical parameters and haemostasis. It was found, that the best variant for osteosynthesis operations in dogs is acepromazine-butorphanol-propofol-ketamine anaesthesia. This regimen has provided complete analgesia in half the time recovery of dogs without significant changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (BP), and haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) during surgery. Acepromazine-ketamine-thiopental anaesthesia has showed pronounced analgesia with a decrease in HR and BP. Xylazine-ketamine-thiopental anaesthesia, under apparent analgesia, led to hypotension (decreased HR, BP) and hypoxia (decreased RR, SpO2). The hypercoagulable syndrome was recorded in dogs of all experimental groups before surgery. It indicates the urgent need for its correction in the postoperative period. The data obtained will optimize the selection of drugs’ combinations for dogs' anaesthesia, taking into account the type of pain response.

Analysis of autonomic responses during transnasal cooling via facial temperature and heart rate monitoring

Introduction Transnasal cooling has been shown to improve symptoms in patients with migraine headaches in a recent clinical trial. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Methods We sought to explore the potential autonomic responses to transnasal cooling in 10 patients by measuring changes in facial temperature and heart rate. Results We observed a decrease in average facial temperatures at the end of intervention compared to baseline in all regions measured, namely the forehead (−0.55 ± 0.58°F, p = 0.007), the opposite cheek (−0.44 ± 0.34°F, p = 0.027), and the same cheek (−0.64 ± 0.91°F, p = 0.001). The average baseline heart rate was 70.1 ± 10.5 bpm and did not undergo a change throughout the three phases (p = 0.22). Conclusion Bilateral facial temperature reduction despite unilateral cooling, prolonged cooling effect post-intervention, and no significant change in heart rate suggest a local sympathetic response to transnasal cooling.

Can a virtual human increase mindfulness and reduce stress? A randomised trial

BackgroundStress is a significant issue amongst university students, yet limited psychological services are available. Mindfulness is effective for stress reduction and can be delivered digitally to expand access to student populations. However, digital interventions often suffer from low engagement and poor adherence. A virtual human may improve engagement and adherence through its humanlike appearance and behaviours. ObjectiveTo examine whether a virtual human could reduce stress in university students at least as much as a teletherapist, and more than a chatbot, using a mindfulness intervention. MethodsStressed university students (N = 158) were randomly allocated to the virtual human (N = 54), chatbot (N = 54), or teletherapist (N = 50). 36 participants received each condition. Participants completed one lab session and were asked to do online homework sessions at least twice weekly for four weeks. Changes in self-reported stress and mindfulness, physiological stress indices, homework completion, and perceptions of the agent were compared between groups. Thematic analysis was conducted on participants’ responses to open-ended questions about the interventions. ResultsThere were significant reductions in stress and increases in mindfulness across all groups. All groups had higher peripheral skin temperature post-intervention, and only the teletherapy group had higher electrodermal activity (reflecting elevated stress) post-intervention compared to baseline. There were no significant changes in heart rate. Homework adherence was significantly higher in the virtual human group, whereas homework satisfaction and engagement were lowest in the chatbot group. Thematic analysis found that people thought the robotic voice of the virtual human could be improved, the chatbot could be improved by adding audio, and that participants experienced feelings of judgement from the teletherapist. DiscussionOverall, results support use of virtual humans for delivering mindfulness interventions in stressed students. Virtual humans may have the advantage over teletherapy and chatbots of increasing adherence in student populations, but more work is needed to increase perceived empathy and replicate results in other populations.

Effects of aquatic and land high-intensity interval trainings on selected bio- and physiological variables among obese adolescents.

Obesity among adolescents have become a global public health problem. Exercises can effectively improve the bio-physiological factors of obese adolescents. High-intensive interval training (HIIT) has been applied to obese adolescents. Studies have reported that the Aquatic environment may bring the same or more positive exercise effects as the land environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic and land interventions on selected bio-and physiological variables among obese adolescences. Twenty-eight obese adolescents who met the requirements participated in and completed this study. The participants were randomly assigned to Aquatic HIIT group (n=17) or Land HIIT group (n=11) for a four-week exercise intervention, 3 time/week. Each Intervention program was one-hour long, including 20 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of HIIT and 10 minutes of stretching and relaxation. Bio- and physiological variables including Anthropometry and body composition, Physical Function and blood pressure, and Lipid metabolism indexes were collected before and after the Aquatic and Land interventions. After four weeks of exercise interventions, the body mass, BMI, body fat rate, waist circumference, hip circumference and body water content were significantly reduced (p<0.05), and the lean body mass were significantly increased (p<0.05) in both groups. Both group exhibited significant effects in decreasing, systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.01), and increasing vital capacity and total energy consumption (p<0.05). The Aquatic HIIT group showed significant effects on reducing Rest heart rate (p<0.05), but no significant changes in Rest heart rate in Land HIIT group (p=0.364). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both groups was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, the Aquatic HIIT group had significant better improvements (p<0.05) in lean body mass, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, vital capacity and total energy consumption than Land HIIT group did. The results of the present study demonstrated that in a short-term (4 weeks) both Aquatic and Land HIIT interventions may improve the body composition, physical function, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of overweight and obese adolescents. Furthermore, the Aquatic HIIT may be superior than the Land HIIT in weight control among the obese adolescents.

Validity of heart rate derived core temperature estimation during simulated firefighting tasks

Rectal core temperature monitoring can help fire services mitigate heat injury but can be invasive and impractical. EQ02 + LifeMonitor provides a non-invasive estimation of core temperature. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the EQ02 + LifeMonitor compared to the gold standard rectal thermometer core temperature assessment, as well as the potential influence of turnout gear on the estimated and physiological strain experienced during these activities. Thirteen participants completed simulated firefighting tasks with and without turnout gear, involving four rounds of a 5-min walk on a treadmill at 2.8 mph/2.5% grade and 20 deadlifts over 5 min in an environmental chamber set to 40.6 °C; 50% humidity. During each trial participants wore both an EQ02 + LifeMonitor and DataTherm II rectal thermometer. The results from the devices were statistically equivalent (p < 0.001), yet there was a statistically significant difference in the value (~ 0.1 °C; p < 0.001). There was a significant effect of devices [p < 0.001] and time [p < 0.001], but no interaction effect [p = 0.70] on core temperature drift. Estimated core temperature was marginally different from that measured via the DataTherm II. The EQ02 on average overestimated core temperature. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and area under the curve of core temperature were significantly elevated due to turnout gear [ps < 0.025], but not core temperature skin temperature, or ventilatory rate [ps > 0.372]. These results suggest the EQ02 + LifeMonitor may be a viable, non-invasive alternative for assessing core temperature compared to rectal temperature monitoring, especially during rigorous, intermittent activities. Turnout gear does however increase heart rate, cumulative core temperature, and perceived exertion. Additionally, the validity of the estimated core temperature is not impacted by the use turnout gear. This is likely due to significant changes in heart rate, which allowed the heart-rate derived estimate of core temperature to remain consistent with changes in DataTherm II rectal temperatures.