Significant Behavioral Changes Research Articles

Multi-dimensional impact of COVID-19 on active mobility in urban China: a scoping review of empirical knowledge.

Active mobility, such as cycling and walking, is assuming a growing significance in the daily lives of urban residents in China due to its positive impact on health and the environment. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic has elicited significant changes in behaviors, perceptions, and intellectual viewpoints in this domain, potentially altering residents' physical activities in the long-term. This scoping review seeks to delve into the multi-dimensional influence of the epidemic on active mobility in urban China. A thorough investigation of English and Chinese studies up to January 2024 was conducted, drawing from articles in Web of Science and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Only empirical studies providing knowledge into this subject were selected in the review, which comprised 20 studies in total. This review indicates that the influence of COVID-19 on active urban mobility in China has exhibited contradictory outcomes in terms of behavior. Besides, the experiences during the epidemic have significantly shaped citizens' attitudes and understanding of active mobility. The repercussions of the epidemic and the ensuing restrictions exacerbate the existing challenges faced by women, particularly those who are married, the older adult, and individuals with low incomes. The results exhibit both resemblances and idiosyncrasies when juxtaposed with prior research conducted in different nations. This analysis also offers valuable insights for improving active mobility across individual, organizational, and socio-political realms. The current state of empirical understanding in this field underscores the need for further research endeavors employing diverse methodological approaches and increased emphasis on the transformations anticipated in the post-epidemic era.

Effect of Animated Video Media on Smoking Behavior Students in Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Purbolinggo Kabupaten Lampung Timur

Based on data from Purbolinggo Health Center, there was an increase in smoking among teenagers by 75.5%, At Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Purbolinggo, 60% of students were actively smoking. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of animated video media on smoking behavior among students at Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Purbolinggo. The research design used is pre-experimental, with an approach of pretest-postest. The sample for research is 25 students. The analysis used was univariate, and bivariate analysis used a t-dependent statistical test (paired t-test). The results of the statistical test of the dependent t-test (paired t-test) obtained a P value of 0.00 < 0.05, which means that there is a significant change in behavior, knowledge, and attitude. Animation video media has a significant influence on changes in behavior, knowledge, and attitudes. Therefore, animated video media is quite effective as a medium for health promotion about the dangers of smoking in students.

Abstract PO5-25-02: Microenvironment based co-culture dependence of breast cancer and immune cell interactions on functional outcomes

Abstract The tumour microenvironment (TME) includes physical forces from interstitial fluid flow and cell-cell interactions that modulate cancer development and progression through activation of multiple oncogenic pathways leading to tumor growth and metastatic spreading. We previously reported on the role of physical forces on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and S100 gene family expression and cell to cell adhesion properties with implications to normal breast development and cancer. Signals from the tumor exit the local tumor environment through interstitial fluid transport and cell migration where they can be found in the blood stream. We developed a whole blood RNA gene expression biomarker panel coupled with proprietary software capable of identifying the presence of an active breast cancer signature at early stages of disease with clinical study results previously reported. Here we report on results from transcriptomic and function studies with cell interaction models. Cancer cells can influence immune cells through direct contact or via secreted molecules causing the immune cells to undergo functional changes. To investigate mechanisms involved in the induction of these alterations in a model system, we performed co-culture studies with human monocytic cells and breast cancer cells. Interaction of human monocytic cells with the breast cancer cells caused significant changes in both behavior and transcriptomes. Moreover, using RNAseq and pathway analysis we demonstrated that the changes induced through the exposure to the more aggressive triple negative (TNBC) phenotype were distinct from the alterations triggered upon contact with an ER+ breast cancer cell line. We also show that cancer-immune crosstalk triggers EMT as well as activation of multiple oncogenic pathways associated with cell migration and invasion, cell chemotaxis and cell-to-cell interactions. As the interplay between cancer and immune cells plays an important role in cancer progression, these findings provide important insight into key mechanisms controlling these outcomes. Citation Format: Karen Norek, Jacob Kennard, Kenneth Fuh, Robert Shepherd, Kristina Rinker, Olesya Kharenko. Microenvironment based co-culture dependence of breast cancer and immune cell interactions on functional outcomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-25-02.

Translation of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neurotoxicity from mice to patients: the importance of model selection.

Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (PIPN) is a potentially dose-limiting side effect in anticancer chemotherapy. Several animal models of PIPN exist, but their results are sometimes difficult to be translated into the clinical setting. We compared 2 widely used PIPN models characterized by marked differences in their methodologies. Female C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice were used, and they received only paclitaxel vehicle (n = 38) or paclitaxel via intravenous injection (n = 19, 70 mg/kg) once a week for 4 weeks (Study 1) or intraperitoneally (n = 19, 10 mg/kg) every 2 days for 7 times (Study 2). At the end of treatment and in the follow-up, mice underwent behavioral and neurophysiological assessments of PIPN. At the same time points, some mice were killed and dorsal root ganglia, skin, and sciatic and caudal nerve samples underwent pathological examination. Serum neurofilament light levels were also measured. The differences in the neurotoxicity parameters were analyzed using a nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, with significance level set at P < 0.05. Study 1 showed significant and consistent behavioral, neurophysiological, pathological, and serological changes induced by paclitaxel administration at the end of treatment, and most of these changes were still evident in the follow-up period. By contrast, study 2 evidenced only a transient small fiber neuropathy, associated with neuropathic pain. Our comparative study clearly distinguished a PIPN model recapitulating all the clinical features of the human condition and a model showing only small fiber neuropathy with neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel.

Abstract PO3-09-07: When We Tri(al): Reaching, Motivating, &amp; Effectively Engaging Black Women In Breast Cancer Clinical Trial Research

Abstract According to the American Cancer Society, Black women in the United States are 41% more likely to die from breast cancer than non-Hispanic white women. A systematic review of participation in clinical trials found that Black patients comprised less than 4% of all patients enrolled in clinical trials for emerging immune-based cancer treatments. The physiology of Black women has not been a significant consideration in clinical trial research. Clinical trial education, recruiting, and participation are not commensurate with the burden of disease. TOUCH, The Black Breast Cancer Alliance (TOUCHBBCA) launched the When We Tri(al) Movement (WWT) in January 2022 with robust multi-media support and nationwide community event activations to educate and empower Black women with culturally-agile messaging from the trusted voices of Black Breast Cancer survivor/thrivers. WWT provides an innovative and engaging learning platform that clearly depicts how clinical trials work, explains standard of care, dispels historical myths, establishes trust, and empowers self-advocacy. To date, whenwetrial.org has garnered over 108,000 visits and sent nearly 11,000 Black women to clinical trial portals. One-third of unique website visitors have gone into clinical trial search portals. Over a sixteen day period in late June and early July of 2023, TOUCHBBCA conducted research among Black women who joined the When We Tri(al) movement using a pre-experimental, retrospective pre-then-post test (RPTP) survey design to assess growth in knowledge and behavior change among Black women exposed to the Movement. This survey received 113 respondents who self-identified as Black and assigned female at birth. Following exposure to WWT, 34.5% of respondents reported an increase in their understanding of how breast cancer clinical trials work, 31.9% reported an increase in their understanding of standard of care in breast cancer clinical trials, and 40.7% reported an increased understanding of why clinical trials are important for Black women. 32.7% of survey respondents were more likely to consider participating in a clinical trial after interacting with the WWT movement. After interacting with the movement, 31% of respondents took active steps to participate in a clinical trial—specified as searching for clinical trials in a portal, asking about clinical trial options, talking to a doctor about clinical trials, etc. Another 17.7% of respondents reported supporting a loved one in taking steps to participate in a clinical trial only after interacting with WWT. The majority of respondents reported first hearing about WWT through social media (59.2%), followed by “Other” (the majority of write-in responses named Google or a friend) (19.5%). Respondents reported that the most convincing WWT messages were delivered via social media (26.6%) and in-person conversations (20.4%). Not only is When We Tri(al) educating and equipping Black women with critical clinical trial knowledge, but the movement is driving significant behavior change by Black women around clinical trial participation. Citation Format: Ricki Fairley, Emily Powers, Hayley Brown. When We Tri(al): Reaching, Motivating, &amp; Effectively Engaging Black Women In Breast Cancer Clinical Trial Research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-09-07.

Domestic Water Consumption Behaviour Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Karang Pawitan District

Corona virus was out breaking globally in 2020. It leads governments to impose a lockdown that restricted people contact outside their home, so everyone works, study and more activity at home. It may increase in spending food and freshwater. Lockdown has been made significant changes in behaviour and attitudes of domestic water consumption. The main objective of this research is to identify the impact of COVID-19 lockdown and health protocol on domestic water consumption behaviour during pandemic by comparing it before pandemic. The research conducted by survey, interview and statistical analysis. Survey done by asks online questionnaire that consist a set questions of water consumption behaviour. Data are analysed by using likert scale. The behaviour of water consumption will be described by performance level and importance level. The results of the Likert scale analysis are plotted in a Cartesian Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) diagram. Research shows that respondents consume water efficiently in many domestic activities. The average score of the performance level is greater than the importance level, both in pre and during the pandemic. Respondents consume water more often during this pandemic than before, such as 2.76 for performance level during pandemic and 2.59 for performance level before pandemic.

The Impact of Covid-19 on the Change of Customer Buying Behaviour

Background: The retail sector is rapidly developing over the past years. Retailers are investing more efforts and resources to provide a seamless experience through multiple channels. These developments led to significant changes in customer behaviour. Customers buying activities and way of selecting the products and retailers faced different changes and developments. The online retailing sector is entitled to continuous development. The latest development was due to the Covid-19 global pandemic that came without any previous notice. The customer behaviour starts adopting the digital online channels in most of their needs and wants. The appearance of new customer behaviour patterns due to Covid-19 lead to the emergence of new customer behaviour. Purpose: This study is of an exploratory and constructive nature. It is concerned with deepening the knowledge about the change in customer buying behaviour brought by Covid-19 on the retailing sector. The aim of the study is to identify and test new behavioural patterns that would influence the Swedish millennials’ in selecting between online and offline stores for shopping and buying fashion products. Method: An abductive approach was followed in this paper. Mixed methods of both qualitative and quantitative were used to fulfil the purpose of this exploratory research. The research followed a sequential exploratory design of two data collection phases. The ii empirical data was conducted from focus groups sessions with a total number of interviewee, and relevant responses from a web-based survey. Conclusion: The study has revealed two significant findings and contributed to propose a conceptual model. The fruitful results of this study are: (1) there is a vast customers’ migration towards online stores. (2) there are new behavioural patterns related to Covid 19 that are influencing the customer buying behaviour. (3) A proposed conceptual model which is concerned with the factors influencing the customer buying behaviour in selecting between online and offline fashion stores.

Survey on the Patterns of Feeding Difficulties and Behaviors in Filipino Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Seen in a Philippine Tertiary Hospital and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To describe patterns of feeding difficulties and behaviors of Filipino children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An electronic mealtime survey was administered to caregivers of 3- to 9-year-old children diagnosed with ASD in a Philippine tertiary government hospital. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses between feeding difficulties measured as Mealtime Survey Score, sociodemographic data, and early feeding history were performed. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to these was analyzed through a binomial test. All of the 115 study subjects reported at least one problematic feeding behavior, with picky eating being the most frequent (61.74%). Significantly, more feeding difficulties were observed among the children with reported early feeding difficulties during their 2nd and 3rd year of life. There were no documented statistically significant changes in feeding behaviors during the past six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a high prevalence of feeding difficulties and problematic feeding behavior among Filipino children with ASD, however no significant changes to these during the past six months of the COVID-19 pandemic were documented. Present feeding difficulties and behaviors were associated with history of early feeding difficulties, highlighting the need to include feeding difficulties in screening tools, and early training programs and interventions for children with ASD.

Implementation of coaching methods to decrease the parenting stress levels among teenage mothers in Indonesia: A quasi-experimental study.

The high rate of early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and teenage mothers increases the prevalence of emotional and mental disorders, depression, parenting stress, and child stunting. Parenting coaching is among the effective ways to overcome parenting stress and improve parents' knowledge, skills, and behaviors, thereby avoiding child stunting. However, studies on parenting coaching are not widely conducted, particularly in Indonesia. This study aimed to present the current status of parenting stress among teenage mothers and assess whether parenting coaching effectively reduces parenting stress among teenage mothers. A quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were randomly selected into two groups: the intervention group receiving parenting coaching intervention and the control group receiving standard education using a leaflet. Data were collected in June 2021 in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Statistical Program for Social Science version 21 (Armonk, NY, USA) was employed for all statistical analyses. The parenting coaching intervention had a significant effect on parenting stress (p <0.001), with significant positive changes in knowledge, attitude (p <0.001), behavior (p <0.001), self-efficacy (p <0.001), and maternal function (p <0.001). Additionally, a significant difference in the achievement of z-score values was observed between the intervention and control groups based on Body Weight/Age (BW/A) (p <0.001) and Body Length/Age (BL/A) (p <0.001). However, Body Weight/Body Length (BW/BL) did not show a significant difference in the achievement of z-score (p = 0.34) in the third month. Parenting coaching can reduce parenting stress among teenage mothers and improve their knowledge, attitudes, behavior, self-efficacy, and maternal function; hence, this intervention can be used as a reference in the nursing process to reduce parenting stress and prevent child stunting.

Long-Term Effectiveness of Off-Label Risperidone Treatment in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Discontinuation Study.

Objectives: Risperidone is commonly prescribed off-label in children and adolescents to manage disruptive behavior. This study aimed to investigate continued benefits of risperidone after at least 1 year of treatment and effects of discontinuation on physical health. Methods: Thirty-five youths (aged 6-18 years, intelligence quotient [IQ] >70) who were treated with risperidone for at least 1 year in regular clinical practice receiving outpatient care were randomly assigned to double-blind continuation of risperidone during 16 weeks or continuation for 2 weeks, gradual dose lowering over 6 weeks, and placebo for 8 weeks. Primary outcome was the total Disruptive Behavior (D-total) score of the parent-reported Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form-Typical IQ (NCBRF-TIQ). Secondary outcome measures were the clinician-rated Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I), the parent, child, and teacher-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the parent-rated Retrospective Modified Overt Aggression Scale (R-MOAS), and several health parameters (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effect Rating Scale [UKU-SERS], dyskinesia, akathisia, parkinsonism, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and laboratory outcomes). Mixed models for repeated measures were conducted for continuous outcomes and a chi-square test for the CGI-I. Results: Discontinuation of risperidone, as compared with continuation, was not associated with significant changes in parent-reported disruptive behaviors. However, discontinuation was related to significant deterioration in parent-rated verbal aggression, teacher-rated behavioral functioning, clinician-rated general functioning, and significant improvements in weight, BMI, waist circumference, and glucose, insulin, and prolactin levels. Although 56% of participants in the discontinuation group experienced relapse, causing premature withdrawal from the study, 44% was able to successfully discontinue risperidone. Conclusion: Discontinuation of risperidone was associated with deterioration on some, but not all behavioral measures according to this explorative study. Discontinuation was associated with important health gains. Despite long-term benefits of risperidone, attempts to withdraw risperidone should be undertaken in individual children. This is a crucial step in preventing harm and fostering health.

Effects of Unilateral High Frequency Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus on Risk-avoidant Behavior in a Partial 6-hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). While PD is primarily characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, it also involves a range of non-motor symptoms, and anxiety is one of the most common. The relationship between PD and anxiety is complex and can be a result of both pathological neural changes and the psychological and emotional impacts of living with a chronic progressive condition. Managing anxiety in PD is critical for improving the patients' quality of life. However, patients undergoing STN DBS can occasionally experience increased anxiety. This study investigates changes in risk-avoidant behavior following STN DBS in a pre-motor animal model of PD under chronic and acute unilateral high frequency stimulation. No significant changes in risk-avoidant behaviors were observed in rats who underwent STN DBS compared with sham stimulation controls. Chronic stimulation prevented sensitization in the elevated zero maze. These results suggest that unilateral stimulation of the STN may have minimal effects on risk-avoidant behaviors in PD. However, additional research is required to fully understand the mechanisms responsible for changes in anxiety during STN DBS for PD.

Effects of an Animation-Based Comprehensive Sexuality Education Package: A 2-Year Repeated Intervention Study.

Preadolescents, who are in a transitional phase of development, may experience higher exposure to heterosexual interactions while facing higher risks regarding misinformation in sexual knowledge and unsafe engagement in sexual activities. There is a deficiency in the availability of qualified educators and age-appropriate teaching materials for sexuality education in China. We implemented an animation-based comprehensive sexuality education package among preadolescents aged 9 to 12 years from eight schools in Anhui, China. The first round of intervention included 1,835 participants, lasting 2 months from September to November 2020. A total of 374 participants, accounting for 52% of the intervention group, received a second round of intervention in September 2021. Participants completed immediate follow-up assessment and 1-year follow-up assessment to assess changes in their sexual knowledge, attitudes, and other outcomes. Propensity score matching and difference-in-difference analysis were performed to determine the short- and long-term impacts. Significant improvements were observed for both sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes in the immediate follow-up. There was no significant effect on pornography-seeking behavior or awareness of experiencing sexual abuse. After 1 year, the effect was sustained for sexual knowledge, but slightly declined for sexual attitudes. The second intervention significantly improved sexual knowledge; however, no significant change in sexual attitudes, pornography-seeking behavior, or awareness of experiencing sexual abuse was observed. Our comprehensive sexuality education package was effective in improving sexual knowledge both immediately and 1 year after the intervention. Repeated intervention can be an effective strategy for promoting preadolescent health development regarding comprehensive sexuality education.

Training and tool supply to enhance food safety behaviors among ready-to-eat chicken vendors in informal markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A randomized-controlled trial

In Burkina Faso, street food vendors are key in ensuring food safety in urban markets, particularly within the poultry value chain. The sale of high-risk ready-to-eat chicken by these vendors poses substantial health hazards, emphasizing the urgency for capacity-building to enhance food safety practices. This study evaluated the effect of a participatory interactive three-day training program coupled with tool supply on self-reported and observed behavior, and knowledge, attitudes, and cognitions of vendors of ready-to-eat chicken meat in Ouagadougou's informal markets. A two-armed RCT was conducted, including pre- and post-training vendor surveys, along with direct outlet observations. Total sample size comprised 162 vendors, with 72 in the treatment group and 90 in the control group. Self-reported behavior - measured on a five-point scale - significantly improved in the treatment group including higher frequency of mask wearing (1.8 ± 0.8 vs 2.5 ± 1.2, p < 0.001) and inspecting nail hygiene (4.3 ± 0.8 vs. 4.7 ± 0.6, p < 0.001). Treatment outlets improved on securing adequate evisceration platforms (1.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.054), regular carcass water renewal (61.8% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.038), and handwashing during carcass management (1.1 ± 0.5 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3, p = 0.008). Better adherence to handwashing (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3, p = 0.051), fork use (58.9% vs. 41.8%, p = 0.029), proper handwashing facilities (38.4% vs. 20.9%, p = 0.014), and waste management (64.4% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001) were observed in treatment outlets. Trained vendors scored significantly higher than controls on knowledge (effect size 0.75, p < 0.001). Vendors rated the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, trust in materials/tools - measured on a five-point scale - as high, and perceived mean increased daily profits (21,242 FCFA) and number of customers (8.3) following training. In conclusion, training combined with a tool package proved effective in fostering significant food safety behavior changes, underscoring its substantial impact beyond just knowledge enhancement. For lasting behavior changes, ongoing training and support, an enabling environment, and strong incentives that prioritize vendor food safety behaviors in informal markets are crucial.

Clinical and neuroimaging characterization of the first frontotemporal dementia family carrying the MAPT p.K298E mutation

We present an in-depth clinical and neuroimaging analysis of a family carrying the MAPT K298E mutation associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Initial identification of this mutation in a single clinical case led to a comprehensive investigation involving four affected siblings allowing to elucidate the mutation's phenotypic expression.A 60-year-old male presented with significant behavioral changes and progressed rapidly, exhibiting speech difficulties and cognitive decline. Neuroimaging via FDG-PET revealed asymmetrical frontotemporal hypometabolism. Three siblings subsequently showed varied but consistent clinical manifestations, including abnormal behavior, speech impairments, memory deficits, and motor symptoms correlating with asymmetric frontotemporal atrophy observed in MRI scans.Based on the genotype–phenotype correlation, we propose that the p.K298E mutation results in early-onset behavioral variant FTD, accompanied by a various constellation of speech and motor impairment.This detailed characterization expands the understanding of the p.K298E mutation's clinical and neuroimaging features, underlining its role in the pathogenesis of FTD. Further research is crucial to comprehensively delineate the clinical and epidemiological implications of the MAPT p.K298E mutation.

Smokers with Multiple Chronic Disease Are More Likely to Quit Cigarette.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the presence of chronic medical conditions and cessation among U.S. adults who use combustible tobacco. We hypothesized that having chronic medical conditions would be associated with a higher likelihood of successfully quitting combustible tobacco. We utilized longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, using data from Waves 1 to 6. Only current daily smokers were included in our analysis. The independent variable was the number of chronic medical conditions, defined as zero, one, or two or more. The outcome was becoming a former smoker (quitting smoking). Using multivariate regression analyses, we assessed the association between the number of chronic conditions and tobacco cessation over the six waves. We controlled for potential confounding variables, including demographic factors and socioeconomic status. Our analysis revealed a significant association between the number of chronic medical conditions and the likelihood of quitting smoking. Specifically, individuals with two or more chronic conditions exhibited a greater probability of quitting smoking compared to those with no chronic conditions. The results remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Multiple chronic medical conditions may act as a catalyst for smoking cessation among U.S. adults. This suggests that the presence of multimorbidity, defined as multiple chronic disease diagnoses, may serve as "teachable moments," prompting significant health behavior changes. These findings highlight the potential for leveraging chronic disease management and healthcare interventions to promote tobacco cessation, particularly among individuals with multiple chronic conditions.

Youth Perspectives on Collaborative Consumption: A Study on the Attitudes and Behaviors of the Romanian Generation Z

With the emergence of the sharing economy, a significant change in consumer behavior can be observed worldwide, which has a considerable impact on various industries. The rise of the sharing economy has changed the way people experience transport services, with ridesharing being a catalyst for change. In Romania, the debut of Uber in 2015 sparked controversy and led to legal regulations that were adapted to local specificities, highlighting the adaptability of ridesharing platforms to different legal frameworks. In the context of this development, the views and perceptions of Generation Z will be crucial in determining the direction in which this conflict between disruptive models and traditional players in the transport sector develops. The article deals with business models based on collaborative consumption, with a focus on ridesharing, and examines the attitudes, perceptions, and behavior of Romanian youths (aged 18–26) towards these models. The aim of the study is to determine the opinion of young Romanians on collaborative consumption in transport services—ridesharing (Uber case)—and their attitude towards the ethical controversies related to Uber’s business model. A quantitative research approach was chosen, and an exploratory study was conducted using a questionnaire, with the non-probabilistic sample consisting of relevant observation units aged 18–26 years. The results show that almost 90% of the young Romanians surveyed use Uber and are satisfied with the quality, convenience, and speed of the service. Despite the positive attitude, there is a paradoxical tendency among respondents to regulate ridesharing services in a similar way to traditional taxis. Ethical considerations show that respondents tend to neutralize perceptions and justify the emergence of new models as normal and beneficial for competition and consumers.

Navigating change: examining the influence of COVID-19 on knowledge-sharing dynamics in family firms within the restaurant and fast-food industry

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on knowledge-sharing drivers in small- and medium-sized family firms within the restaurant and fast-food industry. The pandemic has led to significant changes in business culture and consumer behaviour, accelerating digital transformation, disruptions in global supply chains and emerging new business opportunities. These changes have also influenced knowledge sharing (KS) and its underlying drivers.Design/methodology/approachTo address the research objectives, a two-phase study was conducted. In the first phase, an exploratory analysis using the Delphi method was used to identify the essential drivers and factors of KS in family businesses (FBs). This phase aimed to establish a conceptual model for the study. In the second phase, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the identified knowledge-sharing drivers. The study examined both the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods to capture the shifts in attitudes towards KS.FindingsThe findings indicate a significant shift in attitudes towards knowledge-sharing drivers. Before the pandemic, organisational drivers played a central role in KS. However, after the emergence of the pandemic, technological drivers became more prominent. This shift highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on KS within FB.Originality/valueThe research contributes to understanding knowledge-sharing in the context of FBs and sheds light on the specific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on knowledge-sharing drivers. The insights gained from this study can inform strategies and practices aimed at enhancing KS in similar organisational settings.

Exploring the changes in travel behavior between the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Dhaka

The COVID-19 outbreak created immense disruptions in our daily lives. Travel is one of the major areas severely impacted by the pandemic. Bangladesh experienced two waves of COVID-19 between March 2020 and July 2021. Although several studies focused on significant changes in the travel behavior of urban road users before and during the pandemic, hardly any research examined the differences between the two waves. Hence, it was important to study the differences in travel behavior between the two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic to understand how the effects of travel restrictions, health concerns, and the severity of the pandemic on people's travel decisions change over time. This study intends to investigate the changes in travel behavior between the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Dhaka and the factors that influence these changes. Data were collected through online questionnaire surveys using the Google form. Voluntary response and convenience sampling techniques were used to collect responses from 447 people in Dhaka. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were conducted to analyze the data. In addition, two multinomial logistic models were developed to identify the factors behind the changes in travel behavior. This study reveals that work and shopping trips increased, whereas work-from-home and online shopping somewhat decreased during the second pandemic wave compared to the first pandemic wave. Most non-car owners who reduced their use of public transportation during the first pandemic increased their use during the second wave. There was no significant increase in the use of active transport modes for work and shopping trips in Dhaka. The perceived risk of COVID-19 infection was relatively lower during the second wave, influencing the respondents to travel more frequently for work and shopping purposes. Ensuring more adaptive public transportation, flexibility to work from home, and creating supportive infrastructures for active transport modes might help to provide a safe, affordable, and efficient transportation system for all during the future waves of the pandemic and other unprecedented events.

Exploring the impact of trauma-adapted yoga in forensic psychiatry

The specialized field of forensic psychiatry deals with the care of criminal offenders who suffer from severe mental disorders. As this field is positioned at the intersection of illness, crime, and security, it poses complex challenges. While high-quality clinical studies in forensic psychiatry settings are limited, recent investigations have suggested yoga as a complementary clinical tool within correctional environments. This report of a quasi-experimental study examines the impact of a 10-week trauma-adapted yoga intervention on mental health, antisocial and aggressive behaviors, pain perception, cravings, and character maturity among 56 patients in various forensic psychiatry clinics across Sweden. In the current study, the yoga group demonstrated noteworthy reductions in negative affect states, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideations, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and overall psychological distress. These reductions were not observed in the comparison group. Additionally, the yoga group exhibited a significant decrease in pain frequency and strengthened self-directedness. However, there were no significant changes in aggressive, antisocial, or self-harm behaviors or cravings in either group. The between-group analyses did not yield significant results, except for pain intensity. The trauma-adapted yoga intervention implemented within forensic psychiatry settings shows feasibility and results in multiple positive changes in patients’ health.

A novel fatigue life prediction methodology based on energy dissipation in viscoelastic materials, synergistic effects of stress level, stress ratio, and temperature

This work introduces a new methodology to predict the fatigue life of viscoelastic materials by considering the creep effect on fatigue behavior under the concurrent effects of stress level, stress ratio, and temperature. The model established based on the total amount of energy dissipated during fatigue loading. To estimate the amount of dissipated energy under varying stress ratios and temperatures, two shift factors, ψcyclic(R,T) and ψcreep(R,T), were derived, attributed to the cyclic and creep parts of fatigue loading. These shift factors were subsequently incorporated into defined equilibrium equations to create the relationship between estimated dissipated energy and fatigue life. The input data for the model consisted of the dissipated energy and cyclic creep values obtained from experiments conducted at a reference stress ratio of 0.5 and reference temperature of 20 °C, together with the storage and loss moduli measured from one dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) experiment in the temperature range of 15 °C–60 °C on a fully-cured epoxy adhesive. To validate the accuracy of the results, the predicted fatigue life at three temperatures of 20 °C, 40 °C and 55 °C, each loaded under three stress ratios of 0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 were compared with the experiments conducted under the same conditions. Almost all predicted results were in good agreement with the experiments, nevertheless; at the stress ratio of 0.9 at 20 °C, due to the significant change in the cyclic creep behavior, the accuracy of the prediction was lower. The developed model was used as a new constant life diagram (CLD) formulation, which afterwards was further developed to plot three-dimensional constant life diagrams (3-D CLDs) in which the constant life surfaces were a synergistic function of stress ratio and temperature.