Significant Asymmetry Research Articles

Do judokas present differences between upper limbs for the concentric strength of the internal and external rotators of the shoulder?

BACKGROUND: Long-time judo training can lead athletes to develop upper limb asymmetry and shoulder asymmetry during force production, mainly in the action of pulling, pushing, and throwing; that requires higher strength and velocity of the internal and external rotators of the shoulders, which may also result in shoulder injury, or a decrease in judo performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate asymmetries in concentric force of the internal and external shoulder rotators of the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs in high-level judokas at angular velocities of 60, 180, and 300∘/s. METHODS: 14 highly trained male judokas (age 24.4 ± 4.8 yrs.; body mass 87.9 ± 18.7 kg; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m). All participants performed 5 attempts of movement concentric internal and external rotation of the shoulder with 3 angular velocities (60∘/s, 180∘/s, and 300∘/s) in an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex® Humac Norm Dynamometer CSMI, model 502140). The data were analyzed by independent t-student (discrete analysis) a statistical parametric mapping (SPM) curve (one-dimensional analysis). RESULTS: There was no difference in dominant vs. non-dominant for discrete analysis (p> 0.05). There was no difference in dominant vs. non-dominant for SPM analysis. None of the comparisons surpassed the comparison cut-off (tcrit) for the t-test (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on results, judokas do not present significant asymmetries in concentric force of external or internal shoulder rotators when compared to the dominant vs. the non-dominant upper limb according to discrete and one-dimensional (SPM) analysis.

Topography of the mandibular canal in male human skulls originating from different time periods.

Dynamic advances in dentistry, especially in implantology has inspired researchers to carry out many studies investigating the topography of the mandibular canal and its ethnic differences. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of variations in the position and topography of the mandibular canal based on radiographic images of human mandibles originating from modern and medieval skulls. Morphometric examination of 126 radiographs of skulls (92 modern and 34 medieval skulls) was included. The age and sex of individuals were determined based on the morphology of the skull, the obliteration of cranial sutures, and the degree of tooth wear. To define the topography of the mandibular canal on X-ray images, we took 8 anthropometric measurements. We observed significant differences in several parameters. The distance between the base of the mandible and the bottom of the mandibular canal, the distance between the top of the mandibular canal and the crest of the alveolar arch, and the height of the mandibular body. Significant asymmetry was found for two parameters of mandibles from modern skulls: the distance between the top of the mandibular canal and the crest of the alveolar arch at the level of the second molar (p < 0.05), and the distance between the mandibular foramen and the margin of the anterior mandibular ramus (p < 0.007). There were no significant differences between measurements taken on the right and left sides of the medieval skulls. Our study revealed differences in the position of the mandibular canal between modern and medieval skulls, confirming the presence of geographical and chronological differences between populations. Knowledge of variability in the position of the mandibular canal between different local populations is fundamental for the correct interpretation of findings from diagnostic radiological studies used in dental practice and in forensic odontology or analysis of archaeological bone materials.

Predissociation dynamics of D2 revealed by variation in fragment anisotropy parameters along the Fano profile.

We conducted a study on the variations of the fragment anisotropy parameters (β) along the Fano profiles for the predissociation of the D2molecule. These variations, known as β profiles, were measured for the D(2l) fragments from the predissociation of the 4pπD'Πu1υ'=1 and 4pσB″Σu+1υ'=2 states. The measured β profiles show significant asymmetry and broader linewidths compared to the corresponding Fano profiles. By fitting the β profiles, we were able to determine the fragment anisotropy parameters associated with the resonance state, continuum state, and the interference effect between them. Additionally, we determined the ratios of the absorption cross sections between the unperturbed and perturbed continuum states interacting with the resonance states although these ratios were found to be very small. Furthermore, we derived approximate formulas to calculate the parameters characterizing the β profile. Despite the linewidths of the four Fano profiles being narrower than our instrumental resolution, we were still able to determine the product of the linewidth with the Fano q parameters. These findings demonstrate the utility of the β profile as an effective tool for studying the predissociation dynamics in diatomic molecules.

Discriminant analysis using MRI asymmetry indices and cognitive scores of women with temporal lobe epilepsy or schizophrenia.

This study aims to assess the diagnostic power of brain asymmetry indices and neuropsychological tests for differentiating mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and schizophrenia (SCZ). We studied a total of 39 women including 13 MTLE, 13 SCZ, and 13 healthy individuals (HC). A neuropsychological test battery (NPT) was administered and scored by an experienced neuropsychologist, and NeuroQuant (CorTechs Labs Inc., San Diego, California) software was used to calculate brain asymmetry indices (ASI) for 71 different anatomical regions of all participants based on their 3D T1 MR imaging scans. Asymmetry indices measured from 10 regions showed statistically significant differences between the three groups. In this study, a multi-class linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was built based on a total of fifteen variables composed of the most five significantly informative NPT scores and ten significant asymmetry indices, and the model achieved an accuracy of 87.2%. In pairwise classification, the accuracy for distinguishing MTLE from either SCZ or HC was 94.8%, while the accuracy for distinguishing SCZ from either MTLE or HC was 92.3%. The ability to differentiate MTLE from SCZ using neuroradiological and neuropsychological biomarkers, even within a limited patient cohort, could make a substantial contribution to research in larger patient groups using different machine learning techniques.

Interfacial failure behavior of longitudinally coupled slab tracks restored by interface adhesives

Longitudinally coupled slab tracks (LCSTs), one of the most popular slab track types, have experienced severe damage like interfacial debonding and gapping over the past few years. Although adhesives have been used to restore the separated interfaces of LCSTs, the high-temperature environment still poses a great challenge to the repaired tracks. Therefore, this paper presents a numerical investigation on the interfacial failure behavior of LCSTs restored by interface adhesives under high-temperature load. Firstly, the constitutive relationships and the damage behavior of the original and the restored interfaces between the track slabs and mortar layers was modelled based on the cohesive zone theory. Secondly, a finite element model of the LCST was established in which the nonlinear mechanical properties of the interfaces and the materials, as well as the nonlinear distribution of track temperature were considered. Last but not least, damage evolution law of interfaces restored by adhesives, the effects of adhesive-use area, and the performance of adhesives on interfacial debonding and gapping under high-temperature loads were studied. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) After adopting the adhesive, the maximum vertical displacement of track slabs can be reduced by 35.2%. (2) An adhesive-use depth above 500 mm on both sides of the lateral path is recommended to lower the height of interfacial gaps to below 1 mm. (3) In addition to using adhesives, keeping the T-shaped joints in a good condition also plays a crucial role in mitigating interfacial gapping. (4) The distribution of the interfacial damage index D on the lateral path of the track shows a significant asymmetry when adhesives are only used on one side of the lateral path.

Seat Pressure Asymmetries after Cycling at Constant Intensity

The aim of this study was to compare seat pressure asymmetries before and after 30 min cycling at constant intensity in association with pelvic anthropometric parameters and skeletal muscle fatigue. Twelve male road cyclists aged 18–30 years (mean training experience 9.9 ± 2.5 years) participated. Pelvic anthropometric data and body composition were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants performed 30 min cycling at 50% peak power output at constant intensity on a cyclus-2 ergometer. Muscle fatigue during cycling was assessed by surface electromyogram spectral mean power frequency (MPF) for the back, gluteal, and thigh muscles. The pressure mapping system was used to assess sitting symmetry before and after the cycling exercise. At the end of cycling, MPF was decreased (p &lt; 0.05) in the dominant side’s erector spinae muscle and the contralateral gluteal muscle. After the exercise, a significant (p &lt; 0.05) asymmetry in seat pressure was observed under the ischial tuberosity based on the peak pressure right to left ratio, whereas peak pressure decreased under the left ischial tuberosity. After the exercise, the relationship (p &lt; 0.05) between pelvis width and pressure under the ischial tuberosity occurred on the dominant side of the body. In conclusion, an asymmetry was revealed after the constant-load cycling exercise by peak pressure ratio right to left side. Further studies should address the role of seat pressure asymmetries before and after cycling exercises at different intensities and durations.

Tension-compression asymmetry in Ni/Ni3Al interfaces: An atomistic investigation

Nickel-based superalloys are well known for their excellent mechanical properties under high thermal or mechanical extremes. Reliable predictions of deformation behavior becomes paramount in such cases. Since Ni/Ni3Al interface is the prime defect in Ni-based superalloy single crystals, this letter investigates the underlying deformation mechanisms in differently oriented Ni-Ni3Al interfaces using atomistic simulations. For in-plane loading along the interface, significant tension-compression asymmetry (TCA) is observed in yielding and the responsible deformation mechanisms at the inception of plasticity are illustrated. Additionally, in-plane yield surface is constructed through biaxial loadings of the material. Finally, a generalized flow equation is proposed to capture the observed asymmetric behavior for its potential use in the realm of higher length scales.

Salt intrusion dynamics in a well-mixed sub-estuary connected to a partially to well-mixed main estuary

Abstract. Salt intrusion in estuaries has been exacerbated by climate change and human activities. Previous studies have primarily focused on salt intrusion in the mainstem of estuaries, whereas those in sub-estuaries (those that branch off their main estuaries) have received less attention. During an extended La Niña event from 2021 to 2022, a sub-estuary (the East River estuary) alongside the Pearl River estuary, China, experienced severe salt intrusions, posing a threat to the freshwater supply in the surrounding area. Observations revealed that maximum salinities in the main estuary typically preceded spring tides, exhibiting significant asymmetry in salinity rise and fall over a fortnightly timescale. In contrast, in the upstream region of the sub-estuary, the variation in salinity was in phase with that of the tidal range, and the rise and fall of the salinity were more symmetrical. Inspired by these observations, we employed idealized numerical models and analytical solutions to investigate the underlying physics behind these behaviors. It was discovered that under normal dry conditions (with a river discharge of 1500 m3 s−1 at the head of the main estuary), the river–tide interaction and change in horizontal dispersion accounted for the in-phase relationship between the salinity and tidal range in the upstream region of the sub-estuary. Under extremely dry conditions (i.e., a river discharge of 500 m3 s−1 at the head of the main estuary), salinity variations were in phase with those of the tidal range in the middle as well as the upstream region of the sub-estuary. The variation in salinity in the main estuary along with those in salt dispersion and freshwater influx inside the sub-estuary collectively influenced salinity variation in the well-mixed sub-estuary. These findings have important implications for water resource management and salt intrusion prevention in the catchment area.

Pitch Improvement in Attentional Blink: A Study across Audiovisual Asymmetries.

Attentional blink (AB) is a phenomenon in which the perception of a second target is impaired when it appears within 200-500 ms after the first target. Sound affects an AB and is accompanied by the appearance of an asymmetry during audiovisual integration, but it is not known whether this is related to the tonal representation of sound. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of audiovisual asymmetry on attentional blink and whether the presentation of pitch improves the ability to detect a target during an AB that is accompanied by audiovisual asymmetry. The results showed that as the lag increased, the subject's target recognition improved and the pitch produced further improvements. These improvements exhibited a significant asymmetry across the audiovisual channel. Our findings could contribute to better utilizations of audiovisual integration resources to improve attentional transients and auditory recognition decline, which could be useful in areas such as driving and education.

Microstructure characteristics, yield asymmetry and fracture mechanism of the fine grained thin-wall Mg-6.03Zn-0.55Zr tubes fabricated by hot spinning

In this study, thin-wall Mg-6.03Zn-0.55Zr alloy tubes consisted of fine dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains and ultrafine grains were successfully obtained by hot spinning process. The results showed that the microstructures of the initial extruded tubes were greatly refined with average grain sizes of 4.46–10.32 µm (300–450 ℃) due to the DRX process, especially at low spinning temperatures. Moreover, the basal texture was transformed from extruded fiber texture to spun tilted plane texture with an angle of ∼10° deviated from the axial direction (AD). More specifically, the basal texture was weakened along AD but was strengthened along the transverse direction (TD) compared with the extruded texture due to the reduced difficulty in pyramidal <c+a> slip activation and the shear deformation induced by the rollers. Consequently, the spun Mg-6.03Zn-0.55Zr alloys showed significant yield asymmetry along AD and TD at room temperature and the increase in spinning temperature had a negative influence on yield strength (YS) that the YS along AD decreased from 290 ± 5 MPa (300 ℃) to 232 ± 2 MPa (450 ℃) and the YS along TD decreased from 236 ± 6 MPa (300 ℃) to 198 ± 4 MPa (450 ℃). Both texture and grain refinement were the important factors in the mechanical properties according to the Hall-Petch relationship due to the varied activation fractions of deformation modes along AD and TD, especially the activation of prismatic <a> slip. Moreover, the fracture mechanism of the spun alloys consisting of fine DRXed grains and ultrafine grains was unusual. The aggregated ultrafine grains played a negative role in the fracture mechanism, because the ultrafine grains were transformed from the dislocation cells and the micro-crack easily occurred in the ultrafine grains.

Haze Optical Depth in Exoplanet Atmospheres Varies with Rotation Rate: Implications for Observations

Transmission spectroscopy supports the presence of uncharacterized, light-scattering and -absorbing hazes in the atmospheres of many exoplanets. The complexity of factors influencing the formation, 3D transport, radiative impact, and removal of hazes makes it challenging to match theoretical models to the existing data. Our study simplifies these factors to focus on the interaction between planetary general circulation and haze distribution at the planetary limb. We use an intermediate-complexity general circulation model, ExoPlaSim, to simulate idealized organic haze particles as radiatively active tracers in the atmospheres of tidally locked terrestrial planets for 32 rotation rates. We find three distinct 3D spatial haze distributions, corresponding to three circulation regimes, each with a different haze profile at the limb. All regimes display significant terminator asymmetry. In our parameter space, super-Earth-sized planets with rotation periods greater than 13 days have the lowest haze optical depths at the terminator, supporting the choice of slower rotators as observing targets.

Up beating skull vibration induced nystagmus in a case of bilateral sequential superior branch vestibular neuritis.

Vestibular neuritis is one of the most common reasons that someone may experience an episode of acute spontaneous vertigo, with the majority cases impacting only one ear. Cases of bilateral vestibular neuritis are rare and are thought to account for less than 10% of all cases of vestibular neuritis. 18,1,9,15,12 Skull vibration testing is an efficient means to screen for asymmetry in vestibular function but is still in its infancy in clinical use. The ideal assessment methods and the typical patterns of skull vibration induced nystagmus are relatively well understood, however, the presentation of skull vibration induced nystagmus in atypical labyrinthine pathology is less clear. Skull vibration induces a horizontal nystagmus that beats toward the healthy labyrinth in most instances of significant labyrinthine asymmetry. We pose a case report of a patient that's symptomology and clinical test findings are most consistent with bilateral sequential superior branch vestibular neuritis with an up beating skull vibration induced nystagmus.

Propulsive Force Modulation Drives Split-Belt Treadmill Adaptation in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

Most people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience significant gait asymmetries between their legs during walking, leading to an increased risk of falls. Split-belt treadmill training, where the speed of each limb is controlled independently, alters each leg's stepping pattern and can improve gait symmetry in PwMS. However, the biomechanical mechanisms of this adaptation in PwMS remain poorly understood. In this study, 32 PwMS underwent a 10 min split-belt treadmill adaptation paradigm with the more affected (MA) leg moving twice as fast as the less affected (LA) leg. The most noteworthy biomechanical adaptation observed was increased peak propulsion asymmetry between the limbs. A kinematic analysis revealed that peak dorsiflexion asymmetry and the onset of plantarflexion in the MA limb were the primary contributors to the observed increases in peak propulsion. In contrast, the joints in the LA limb underwent only immediate reactive adjustments without subsequent adaptation. These findings demonstrate that modulation during gait adaptation in PwMS occurs primarily via propulsive forces and joint motions that contribute to propulsive forces. Understanding these distinct biomechanical changes during adaptation enhances our grasp of the rehabilitative impact of split-belt treadmill training, providing insights for refining therapeutic interventions aimed at improving gait symmetry.

Non-formal education as a response to social problems in developing countries

Non-formal education seeks to address the limitations of formal education that do not reach all communities and do not provide all new competencies and capabilities that are essential for the integrated development of communities. The role of non-formal education becomes even more relevant in the context of developing countries where significant asymmetries in access to education emerge. This study adopts the Solutions Story Tracker provided by the Solutions Journalism Network to identify and explore solutions based on journalism stories in the non-formal education field. A total of 256 stories are identified and categorized into 14 dimensions. The findings reveal that practical, participatory, and volunteering dimensions are the three most common dimensions in these non-formal education initiatives. Furthermore, two emerging dimensions related to empowerment and sustainability are identified, allowing us to extend the theoretical knowledge in the non-formal education field. These conclusions are relevant for establishing public policies that can involve greater participation by local communities in non-formal education and for addressing sustainability challenges through bottom-up initiatives.

(188) Horizontal Plication and Reduction Corporoplasty for Penile Girth Discrepancy (Christmas Tree Deformity)

Abstract Introduction We present a case of severe Peyronie's Disease, described as the “Christmas tree deformity” due to its crescendo shaped proximal girth discrepancy. This very rare deformity and proposed surgical correction technique have only been described in the literature once beforehand. Objective To depict the surgical correction of the severe penile girth discrepancy in video format. Methods At the start of the case, artificial erection was performed, revealing significant girth discrepancy. The proximal base of the shaft measured 21.5 cm, mid shaft 18.5 cm, and distal shaft 12 cm (Image 1). A circumcising incision was made and a plane along Buck’s fascia developed. Using careful blunt and sharp dissection, left and right neurovascular bundles were carefully elevated and gently lifted to the midline to allow for plication suture placement laterally. An artificial erection was again created, revealing significant asymmetry with 9.5cm girth discrepancy between proximal and distal shaft. Plication sutures of 1-0 Ethibond were placed using a “1+1=2” dot horizontal plication pattern, starting at the base and progressing to mid shaft on both the left and right sides. Plication sutures were placed systematically until symmetric girth was confirmed using artificial erection. A TachoSil graft was then placed along the shaft to decrease likelihood patient would feel the numerous Ethibond sutures below and also improve hemostasis. Dartos fascia was then closed with a Vicryl suture and the circumcising incision closed in a running subcuticular fashion. Again, artificial erection showed drastic improvement in penile girth magnitude and symmetry. A penile block was performed and the penis was wrapped in Kerlix gauze and coban. Results The patient was discharged on the same-day of surgery with oral pain medications. He was seen back in follow-up at 8 weeks postoperatively at which time he endorsed an uneventful recovery and that he was once again able to have penetrative intercourse with his partner. Conclusions We are proud to report on the second known case of horizontal plication and reduction corporoplasty for correction of severe penile girth discrepancy, “Christmas tree deformity.” Despite a lack of available literature on the deformity and surgical technique, we believe it is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with this rare form of Peyronie's. Disclosure No.

Inter-Limb Asymmetry in the Kinematic Parameters of the Long Jump Approach Run in Female Paralympic-Level Class T63/T64 Athletes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter-limb asymmetry in the kinematic parameters of the approach run in elite-level female Class T63/T64 long jumpers and its relationship to performance. Three Class T63 and nine Class T64 female long jumpers were examined during a competition. The temporal and kinematic parameters of their approach steps (step length: SL; step frequency: SF; average step velocity: SV) were measured using a panning video method and speed radar. The symmetry angle was the measure of inter-limb asymmetry. The results revealed that SF and SV were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) larger in the intact lower limb. Significant (p &lt; 0.05) asymmetry was revealed for SL, SF, and SV in 2/12, 3/12, and 1/12 jumpers, respectively. The direction of asymmetry for SF was towards the leg wearing the prosthesis for all examined jumpers. The official jump distance was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) positively correlated with the maximum velocity attained during the approach and negatively correlated with the symmetry angle for SF. It is concluded that the observed asymmetry in SF was compensated for by the modifications observed in the SL that consequently resulted in no asymmetry in SV, leading the participants to effectively utilize their approach speed optimally in terms of long jump performance.

Mandibular condyle volumes are associated with facial asymmetry in patients with cleft lip and palate: A retrospective cohort study

This study compares condylar volumetric asymmetry and facial asymmetry in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and controls. The mandibular condyle is important to facial growth, but its role in facial asymmetry for those with CLP has not been described. Condylar volumes and mandibular asymmetry were retrospectively calculated using Mimics Version 23.0 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) from patients with CLP undergoing computed tomography (CT) imaging and a cohort of controls. A total of 101 participants, 60 with CLP and 41 controls, had mean condylar volumetric asymmetry of 16.4 ± 17.4 % (CLP) and 6.0 ± 4.0 % (controls) (p = 0.0002). Patients with CLP who had clinically significant chin deviation (>4 mm) had more asymmetric condyles than those without significant chin deviation (p = 0.003). The chin deviated toward the smaller condyle in patients with facial asymmetry more often than in patients without facial asymmetry (81 % vs. 62 %, p = 0.033). While controls had some degree of condylar asymmetry, it tended to be milder and not associated with facial asymmetry. There is a greater degree of condylar volumetric asymmetry in patients with CLP compared to individuals in the general population. Clinically significant facial asymmetry in CLP is associated with a higher degree of condylar asymmetry, with the facial midline deviating toward the smaller condyle.

The role of cryptic ancestral symmetry in histone folding mechanisms across Eukarya and Archaea.

Histones compact and store DNA in both Eukarya and Archaea, forming heterodimers in Eukarya and homodimers in Archaea. Despite this, the folding mechanism of histones across species remains unclear. Our study addresses this gap by investigating 11 types of histone and histone-like proteins across humans, Drosophila, and Archaea through multiscale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, complemented by NMR and circular dichroism experiments. We confirm and elaborate on the widely applied "folding upon binding" mechanism of histone dimeric proteins and report a new alternative conformation, namely, the inverted non-native dimer, which may be a thermodynamically metastable configuration. Protein sequence analysis indicated that the inverted conformation arises from the hidden ancestral head-tail sequence symmetry underlying all histone proteins, which is congruent with the previously proposed histone evolution hypotheses. Finally, to explore the potential formations of homodimers in Eukarya, we utilized MD-based AWSEM and AI-based AlphaFold-Multimer models to predict their structures and conducted extensive all-atom MD simulations to examine their respective structural stabilities. Our results suggest that eukaryotic histones may also form stable homodimers, whereas their disordered tails bring significant structural asymmetry and tip the balance towards the formation of commonly observed heterotypic dimers.

Unveiling Quantum Interference in the D+ + H2 Nonadiabatic Reaction Dynamics at Low Collision Energies.

Fully converged nonadiabatic dynamics calculations of the D+ + H2 → H+ + HD reaction are performed at low temperatures using the time-dependent wave packet approach based on a set of precise 3 × 3 diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) ( Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 7735-7747, DOI: 10.1039/D0CP04100A). The D+ + H2 reaction is mediated by a dense manifold of resonances associated with the deep potential well on the ground-state PES. The calculated results show that the nonadiabatic coupling can affect the resonance positions, deviating from the expectation based solely on adiabatic considerations. Furthermore, significant forward-backward asymmetry in total differential cross sections (DCSs) is revealed, which is markedly influenced by nonadiabatic effects. The nonadiabatic effects not only affect the contribution of partial waves in the reaction but also make the interference patterns in the DCSs change significantly.

Sex differences in workload in medieval Poland: Patterns of asymmetry and biomechanical adaptation in the upper limb at Giecz.

This study characterizes sexual dimorphism in skeletal markers of upper limb mechanical loading due to lateralization as evidence of division of labor in medieval Giecz, Poland. Twenty-six dimensions for paired humeri, clavicles, and radii representing adult males (n = 89) and females (n = 53) were collected from a skeletal sample from the cemetery site Gz4. Percent directional asymmetry (DA) and absolute asymmetry (AA) for each dimension were compared among bones, osteometric subcategories, and sex. Additionally, side bias and sex differences were assessed in degenerative joint disease (DJD) and entheseal changes (ECs). Nearly all measurements revealed significant asymmetry favoring the right side. Asymmetry was most pronounced in midshaft dimensions with few sex differences. There were more correlations among dimensions within elements than between elements, mainly in the midshaft. No laterality in DJD frequencies was noted for either sex, but females demonstrated significantly lower odds of having DJD than males in most joints. Most ECs demonstrated a right-bias and association with DA with no sex-specific patterns except the biceps brachii insertion, where females were ~5 times more likely to be scored "right" than males. The general lack of sex differences in asymmetry and ECs suggests similarly demanding workloads for females and males, with the exception of sex-specific functional loading differences in the forearm. Further, DJD data suggest males engaged in more intensive activities involving the upper limb. These results enhance understanding of workload in this important historical period and provide a comparison for asymmetry in past populations.