Significant Association Of Vitamin Research Articles

Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults

Objective: To find the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with type-2 diabetes mellitus in adults. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Oct 2020 to Mar 2021. Methodology: Patients with type-2 Diabetes and non-diabetics were selected outdoors and indoors using consecutive sampling techniques. Vitamin D serum levels were measured in all participants. Vitamin D serum level <10ng/ml was considered deficient in Vitamin D. Demographic data, duration of type-2 diabetes mellitus, diet, and co-morbidities, wererecorded. Participants were separated into groups such as Group-1, which includes diabetic patients, and Group-2, which contains control (normal/non-diabetic) patients. Results: In the current study, 100 participants were examined. In Diabetes-Group, Vitamin D deficiency was documented in 15(30%) patients, while in the Control (normal/no-diabetics) Group, no patients were found to have Vitamin D deficiency (p<0.001). No significant association of Vitamin D Deficiency was recorded with age (p=0103) and gender of participants in both groups (p=0.719). Conclusion: In adults, type-2 diabetes mellitus is associated with Vitamin D deficiency, and diabetic patients may need to be screened for Vitamin D deficiency.

Incidence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL)

Background: Female pattern hair loss is also observed in women without increased androgen levels. Vitamin D is a factor that has recently been considered in dealing with these patients. Deficiency of Vitamin D might be correlated with diffuse hair loss.
 Objective: To determine the frequency of serum levels of Vitamin D3 in patients with female pattern of hair loss (FPHL) at tertiary care hospital Karachi.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional research was conducted upon a sample of 163 female patients (chosen via non-probability – consecutive sampling) presenting to the Dept. of Dermatology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi from 29th July 2018 to 28 th January 2019, with a clinical diagnosis of FPHL. Data was recorded onto a structured questionnaire containing inquiries pertaining to basic biodata, sociodemographic details, and inferences obtained from blood tests (CBC, serum ferritin, TSH level and vitamin D level). Serum 25 OH Vitamin D level < 20 was taken as deficient, 21-29 was insufficient and over 30 was sufficient. Data was analyzed using SPSS. v. 21.0.
 Results: The mean age was 30.39±6.36 years. Mean FPHL duration was 5.85±2.89 months. Total 63.2% patients were classified as mild, 26.45% patients were classified as moderate and 10.4% patients were classified as severe. Total 73% patients were found as vitamin D deficient, 22.1% as vitamin D insufficient and 4.9% as vitamin D sufficient. Significant association of vitamin D deficiency was observed with education status, vitamin D intake since past 6 months, and socio economic status.
 Conclusion: Results showed high vitamin D3 deficiency (73.0%) among patients with female pattern of hair loss (FPHL).

Serum level of Vitamin D is associated with COVID-19 mortality rate in hospitalized patients.

Background:Due to widespread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, identification of its risk factors and clinical characteristics are important. The aim of the present study was to assess Vitamin D levels in individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-19 infection and to report on its potential as a predictive marker.Materials and Methods:All patients, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection from February 16 to March 21, 2020, and referred to Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in this study. Vitamin D analysis was undertaken on patient serum samples using a commercial kit (Pars Azmoon Co., Tehran, Iran). SPSS v. 22 was used for statistical analysis.Results:Vitamin D serum concentration was analyzed in a total of 317 patients whose mean age ± standard deviation was 62.05 ± 15 years and with 62.5% being male. A significant association of Vitamin D level and death was observed. Higher levels of serum Vitamin D had protection against death (odds ratio = 0.955 [95% confidence interval = 0.923–0.988], P = 0.008).Conclusion:As a preliminary study in the Iranian population who suffered COVID-19 disease, we identified that Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher death rate and intensive care unit admission.

Assessment of risk factors associated with vitamin D status among children of an urban and a rural areas of Bangladesh

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiency in children worldwide, even in Bangladesh. However, to date, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children of different region of Bangladesh is less reported.
 Objective: This study was conducted to assess vitamin D status of urban and rural Bangladeshi children including the risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency are also evaluated.
 Methods: A multi-centre (urban and rural based), cross sectional study was done from July 2016 to June 2017, using serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 as a marker of nutritional vitamin D status. Urban and rural children were taken from Paediatric Outpatient Department, United Hospital Limited. Dhaka and Medical Outpatient Department, Upazila Health Complex, Ghatail, Tangail respectively. Children of 1-10 years age attending OPD with mild undernutrition (<–1 SD z score) and/or clinical features suggestive of vitamin D deficiency were included in the study.
 Results: A total 150 children were studied with 102 (68.0%) urban and 48 (32.0%) rural children. Hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD <30ng/ml) was found in 75.0% of children. Hypovitaminosis D was found significantly more in urban children (81.0%) compared to rural (62.0%) children (OR=0.382, 95% CI: 0.177-0.822, p value <0.05). Inadequate exposure to sunlight was significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D compared to adequate sun exposure and it was about 2.5 times higher (OR=2.475, 95% CI: 1.139-5.380, p value <0.05). No significant associations of vitamin D deficiency were detected with skin color of children, covering clothes of mother, exclusive breast feeding, limb pain and anthropometric status. Children of higher educated mother (above Secondary School Certificate) (OR=0.412, 95% CI: 0.189-0.900) were more associated with vitamin D deficiency.
 Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent among Bangladeshi children, urban children being more vulnerable to VDD. Adoption of a screening programme for children of all age group and implementation of preventive strategies for VDD through public health policies are strongly recommended.
 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 134-141

MO049EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN EARLY DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Abstract Background and Aims Diabetic Nephropathy is associated with endothelial dysfunction at an early stage. The benefit of Vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function is supported by a few studies in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, studies on its effect in early DN is scarce. Hence, the present study was planned to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function by measuring Flow mediated dilation (FMD) in patient of early DN. Method A total of 730 Diabetic subjects were screened for early DN based on Inclusion criteria (eGFR ≥ 120ml/min/1.73m2 with unrestricted ACR value eGFR of 60- 120 mL/min/1.73m2 and ACR 30-300mg) and Exclusion criteria (on ACE I or ARB, eGFR<60ml/min/1.73m2, Hypercalcemia (>11.5mg%), UTI, Pregnancy, Hypertension, HbA1c (>8.0 %), vitamin D supplementation during the last 6 month). Of them 103 included subjects were underwent randomization to receive either Cholecalciferol (54) or matching Placebo (49) in a double blind method. All were subjected to routine investigations, urinary albumin: creatinine (UACR), C reactive protein (CRP), serum 25(OH)vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and Flow mediated dilatation at the zero and six months. All subjects were subjected. Comparative results at zero and six months of both groups were compared and analyzed. Results There was no significant difference between cholecalciferol and placebo group with respect to CRP, iPTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D), UACR, FMD at baseline. Median FMD after 6 month was significantly higher in cholecalciferol as compared to placebo group [Median (IQR): 24 % (21.75-26.0) and 22% (18-24) respectively, p= 0.01]. After 6 month UACR was significantly lower in the cholecalciferol group as compared to placebo group (p= 0.04). Significant association of vitamin D level was observed with CRP level. In 25(OH) D < 20 ng/ml subgroup there was significant decrease in CRP level in comparison to 25(OH) D ≥20 ng/ml subgroup (p=0.04). Conclusion There was significant improvement in endothelial function as assessed by FMD% following vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation given to early diabetic nephropathy patients may have favourable effects on cardiovascular outcome as reflected by improvement in FMD% and decrease in CRP level.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

BackgroundIn the recent years, controversy has emerged regarding the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the potential effects it could have on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). This study investigates the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in pediatric patients with T1D from a single, large volume practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review that collected clinical/demographic data as well as serum 25(OH) D levels from medical records of 395 children between the ages of 3 and 18 years with T1D followed at Nemours Children’s Hospital. This data was compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. A Pearson’s Chi-square test was used between group associations. All statistical tests were two-sided and p < 0.05 was used for statistical significance.ResultsOf the 395 children included in these analyses, 4% were vitamin D deficient and 60% were vitamin D insufficient. There were no significant associations of vitamin D deficiency based on sex and age. Vitamin D deficiency was more common among White children when compared to Hispanic children and African American children (42% vs 29%; p < 0.001). Of those that were vitamin D insufficient (n = 235), most were Hispanic (51%), 36% White and 13% African American. There was a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.035). In the summer, children were less likely to be vitamin D deficient (3% vs 6% in winter) and less likely to be vitamin D insufficient (55% vs 71% in winter) (p = 0.007).ConclusionsVitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent among pediatric type 1 diabetics of Central Florida and statistically significant correlation was found between vitamin D status and ethnicity, BMI as well as seasonal variation.

Vitamin D deficiency and its association with fatigue and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the incidence and prevalence of a variety of neurologic disorders, including multiple sclerosis. However, available studies to date have not provided convincing evidence that vitamin D treatment improves fatigue and life quality in patients with multiple sclerosis. To assess the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with health-related quality-of-life issues and fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Vitamin D3 levels were measured in 149 multiple sclerosis patients. In patients with lower than 30 ng/mL levels, vitamin D was administered. Fatigue and health-related quality of life scores were measured at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after the beginning of vitamin D3 administration. Among 149 patients, 90% were vitamin D deficient. After vitamin D supplementation, health-related quality of life and fatigue scores improved significantly. There was a direct association between health-related quality of life with absence of fatigue and vitamin D status at the end of study. The 90% frequency of multiple sclerosis patients with vitamin D deficiency, together with the significant association of vitamin D status with the absence of fatigue and improved physical and functional well-being, points to vitamin D supplementation as a potential therapy to enhance the patient's quality of life. This article emphasizes that vitamin D supplementation can improve clinical outcome in multiple sclerosis patients providing immune modulation and neuroprotection. Identification and correction of vitamin D deficiency has the potential to treat the related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Relationship of Vitamin D Levels with HbA1c and Fructosamine in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Objectives Although previous studies reported an association of serum vitamin D with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fructosamine, the relationships remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to identify the relationships of serum vitamin D with HbA1c and fructosamine independent of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Total 227 adults (male 112 and female 115) who treated for type 2 diabetes in a general hospital participated in this study. The serum vitamin D, HbA1c, fructosamine and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured in participants who met the detailed inclusion criteria. The level of serum vitamin D was defined as follows; deficient: <10.0 ng/mL, insufficient: 10.0-19.9 ng/mL, optimal: ≥20.0 ng/m. Results In the analysis of covariance, after adjusted for other covariates including PTH, the means (standard error, SE) values of HbA1c became lower with higher serum vitamin D level (deficiency: 7.8 [0.2]%, insufficient: 7.5 [0.1]%, optimal: 7.2 [0.1]%, p=0.015). Also, after adjusted for other covariates including PTH, the mean (SE) values of fructosamine became lower with higher serum vitamin D level (deficiency: 357.1 [13.1] μmol/L, insufficient: 344.5 [4.9] μmol/L, optimal: 313.3 [6.4] μmol/L, p=0.001). However, the mean values of FBG were not significantly associated with the serum vitamin D level. Conclusions There were significant associations of vitamin D with HbA1c and fructosamine independent of PTH, but there was no association of vitamin D with FBG in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D, Glycated hemoglobin A, Fructosamine, Parathyroid hormone

Sex, Residence and Fish Intake Predict Vitamin D Status in Chinese Centenarians.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese centenarians and to identify the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Cross-sectional population-based study. Hainan province in the south of China. 943 subjects aged 100 years old and older. Details on sociodemographics and lifestyle characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometrics and blood samples were obtained. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration < 20ng/mL (50nmol/L). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among these 943 centenarians was 39.9% (376 subjects) and the mean serum vitamin D concentrations were 22.7±9.5 (ng/mL). Female centenarians had higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than male (44.0% vs. 21.7%, P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that being female, urban residency, lower body mass index, higher serum parathyroid hormone levels, no fish consumption, and less sun exposure time were all significant and independent determinants of vitamin D deficiency. No significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with ethnic, education, geographic location, tea drinking, alcohol use, or smoking were found in this study. Vitamin D deficiency was common in Chinese centenarians, especially in women. Given that vitamin D deficiency is linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, dietary, outdoor activities and other intervention measures are needed to correct vitamin D deficiency in this population.

Higher Dietary Intake of Vitamin D Is Associated with Lower Incidence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Evidence for optimal dietary intake of vitamin D for prevention of diabetic complications is sparse although associations between low vitamin D intake and high incidence of diabetes and vitamin D supplementation and improvement in insulin resistance were reported. We aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D intake and the incidence of diabetes complications in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with HbA1c≥6.5%. The present analysis was conducted as a multicenter prospective study on the incidence of and risk factors for macro- and microvascular complications among 22Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes from outpatient clinics in 59 university and general hospitals in Japan.Analyzed were 1516 responders to a baseline dietary survey assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for dietary intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders. Mean vitamin D intake in quartiles ranged from 5.4 to 18.7μg/day. After adjusting for confounders, HRs of diabetic nephropathy in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles for vitamin D intake compared with the 1st quartile were 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.4-1.3, p=0.29), 1.2 (0.6-2.2, p=0.61), and 0.33 (0.14-0.79, p=0.01), respectively. There was no significant associations of vitamin D intake with retinopathy and CVD in the 2nd to 4th quartiles relative to the first quartile (retinopathy: 1.2 (0.9-1.6, 0.4), 0.8 (0.5-1.2, p=0.23), and 0.7 (0.5-1.0, p=0.08); CVD: 1.1 (0.7-1.7, p=0.83), 1.2 (0.7-2.0, p=0.62), and 0.7 (0.4-1.3, p=0.22)). Findings suggested that high vitamin D intake was associated with a lower incidence of diabetes nephropathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Disclosure C. Horikawa: None. R. Aida: None. S. Tanaka: None. S. Tanaka: None. C. Kamada: None. Y. Yoshimura: None. A. Araki: None. T. Moriya: None. S. Katayama: None. H. Sone: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, MSD K.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Development Center Asia, Pte. Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc., Eisai Inc..

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with insulin resistance independently of obesity in primary schoolchildren. The healthy growth study.

To explore the associations of vitamin D status and obesity with insulin resistance (IR) in children. A sample of 2282 schoolchildren (9-13 years old) in Greece was examined. Sociodemographic, anthropometric (weight, height), biochemical (fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and 25(OH)D), pubertal status and physical activity data were collected, using standard methods. The "Vitamin D Standardization Program" protocol was applied to standardize serum 25(OH)D values. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) was higher in obese children compared to their over- and normal-weight counterparts (60.5% vs 51.6% and 51%, P = .017). Furthermore, children with IR (both obese and non-obese) had higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency compared to non-obese, non-insulin resistant children (66% and 59.2% vs 49.8%, P < .05), possibly indicating that IR is associated with vitamin D insufficiency, independently of obesity. In line with the above, the results from logistic regression analyses controlled for several potential confounders, showed a 1.48 (95% C.I: 1.2-1.84) higher likelihood for vitamin D insufficiency for insulin resistant children compared to the non-insulin resistant ones, while no significant association was observed with obesity. The present study revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among schoolchildren in Greece, particularly among obese and insulin resistant ones. In addition, it highlighted that the significant association of vitamin D insufficiency with IR is possibly independent of obesity. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm this possible independent association but also explore the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on IR and possibly on weight management too.

Association of vitamin D deficiency and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Some studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The objectives of this review were to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis and to assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and T1DM. PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scielo databases were used to search the articles. The eligibility criteria were cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional observational studies, which assessed the association between vitamin D deficiency and T1DM, comparing T1DM patients with control group. Cross-sectional studies that compared means of vitamin D levels between T1DM patients and control group were included in the first meta-analysis, and cross-sectional studies that compared frequency of vitamin D deficiency between T1DM patients and control group were included in the second meta-analysis. Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review. Most studies (n = 12) compared vitamin D levels between T1DM patients and control group and 75% of them (n = 9) found lower vitamin D levels in T1DM patients. Over half studies (n = 8) compared vitamin D deficiency frequency between T1DM patients and control group and 50% (n = 4) of them observed a higher frequency of vitamin D deficiency in T1DM patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated a significant difference of vitamin D levels between T1DM patients and control group (difference between means = 0.739 ± 0.067, p < 0.001) and that there is a significant association of vitamin D deficiency and T1DM [OR = 1.640 (1.18–1.28), p = 0.003]. There is a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and T1DM.

Bone Health in Patients with Cushing's Syndrome.

Introduction:Osteoporosis is a well-recognized complication of Cushing's syndrome (CS). Data on bone health in patients with CS from south Asian countries, which are vitamin D deficient, are scarce.Aims:We assessed bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CS in comparison to controls. We also looked into how BMD differs in different types of endogenous CS.Materials and Methods:Thirty-seven cases of CS and 48 matched controls were studied for clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and bone densitometry parameters.Results:BMD (both total lumbar spine (LS) and hip) as well as Z scores were significantly lower in CS patients as compared to controls. Neither LS nor hip BMD was significantly different among different etiological groups of CS. The difference in BMD was also not significant between eumenorrhoeic and oligo-/amenorrhoeic patients with CS.Conclusion:Patients with CS are at increased risk of having fracture secondary to osteopenia and osteoporosis. There is no significant association of vitamin D and intact parathormone with low BMD in patients with CS.

Abstract 5279: Association of Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer in African-American and Hispanic women in south Los Angeles

Abstract Background: Experimental evidence supports a protective role of Vitamin D level in breast carcinogenesis, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. African Americans have high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and the African American women with breast cancer have the highest mortality rate. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of Vitamin D levels with breast cancer risk and disease progression in African American and Hispanic women. Methods: This is a cases-control study of 660 African American and Hispanic women with and without breast cancer in South Los Angeles. Blood samples were collected prior cancer treatment and the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D was measured by Quest Diagnostics. Information regarding BMI and clinical factors were obtained by medical record abstraction. Logistic Regression with multivariate analysis was used for determining the association of Vitamin D deficiency (&amp;lt;20ng/ml) with breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox Regression with multivariate analysis were used to assess disease-free survival and the relative risk of disease progression. Results: Our data shows that 69.2% of African American women and 37.8% of Hispanic women suffer from Vitamin D deficiency in our cohort. African American women had significant lower level of Vitamin D3 compared with Hispanic women in all age groups. The lower Vitamin D3 level was observed among age groups of 31 to 50 in African Americans. The deficiency in Vitamin D levels was significantly associated with breast cancer in both African Americans (OR=2.5, p=0.007) and Hispanics (OR=1.9, p=0.009). Interestingly, we found that a significant association of Vitamin D deficiency with trip negative breast cancer (TNBC) in African Americans (OR=3.2, p=0.04), but not in Hispanics. The lowest Vitamin D3 level was observed in African American women with TNBC. There was no significant association of Vitamin D deficiency with tumor size, lymph node involvement and tumor stage. The deficiency of Vitamin D3 level was not associated with disease progression in this cohort of women. Conclusion: Our data suggests that a significant association of Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer in both African Americans and Hispanics, especially more associated with type of TNBC in African American women in our cohort. Citation Format: Yanyuan Wu, Marianna Sarkissyan, Sheilah Clayton, Jay Vadgama. Association of Vitamin D deficiency with breast cancer in African-American and Hispanic women in south Los Angeles [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5279. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5279

Association of Vitamin D Metabolites With Arterial Function in the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study

Disturbances in vitamin D metabolism are common in patients with end-stage renal disease and may contribute to vascular dysfunction. Cross-sectional. We evaluated 558 of 602 participants at baseline of the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation (HFM) Study, a 7-center prospective cohort study of a cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease awaiting arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation surgery. 4 vitamin D metabolites measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy from samples obtained within 4 weeks prior to AVF surgery. Vasodilator functions and measurements of arterial stiffness. Trained HFM Study personnel measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, and carotid-femoral and carotid-radial pulse wave velocities (PWVs) prior to AVF creation. We evaluated associations after basic adjustment for sex, age, and clinical site and more fully adjusted additionally for baseline education, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, dialysis status, and medication use. Mean participant age was 55±13 (SD) years and 65% were receiving maintenance dialysis. None of the vitamin D metabolites were significantly associated with flow-mediated dilation, carotid-femoral PWV, or carotid-radial PWV in basic or fully adjusted analyses. Higher serum concentrations of bioavailable vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were associated with 0.62% and 0.58% greater nitroglycerin-mediated dilation values, respectively, in basic models; however, these associations were no longer statistically significant with full adjustment. There were no significant associations of vitamin D metabolites with carotid-femoral or carotid-radial PWV in fully adjusted analyses. Cross-sectional ascertainment of vitamin D metabolites and vascular functions late during the course of kidney disease. Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites are not associated with vasodilator functions or vascular stiffness at baseline in a cohort study of patients with chronic kidney disease awaiting AVF creation surgery. Laboratory measurements of vitamin D metabolites are unlikely to provide useful information regarding vascular functions in this setting.

Age-Related Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with the Immune Response in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

To investigate vitamin D status in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and explore the association between vitamin D deficiency and the immune response in CAP children, 77 children with CAP were retrospectively analyzed. The baseline characteristics of patients were obtained from medical records. Based on the blood samples collected during diagnosis of CAP, the routine blood examination results and proportions of lymphocyte subsets were assessed. There were 71.4% (55/77) of patients with vitamin D deficiency among CAP children. The serum 25(OH)D level significantly decreased with age. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had a significantly higher neutrophil percentage, but significantly lower lymphocyte percentage and count as well as proportion of CD19 positive lymphocytes (CD19+). Spearman's rho test further confirmed these positive correlations and negative correlations. Moreover, significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with age and the above immune markers were also confirmed by univariate logistic regression analysis. However, only age entered the backward stepwise regression model in multivariate analysis. Vitamin D status in CAP children was negatively associated with age. Age-related vitamin D deficiency may affect the immune response in children with CAP.

Decreased Serum 25-Hydroxycalciferol Levels in Pre-diabetic Adults.

To determine the serum 25-hydroxycalciferol levels [25(OH)D] in adults with pre-diabetes and normoglycaemia to examine a possible association of vitamin D deficiency with pre-diabetes. Case control study. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from November 2012 to July 2013. Atotal of 272 adults including 136 pre-diabetics and 136 normoglycaemics of either gender aged 20 years and above were consecutively inducted. Patients with diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, rickets and osteomalacia, ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease were excluded. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) was estimated with hexokinase method on Modular p800 Roche chemistry analyzer while serum 25(OH)D was measured on Diasorin Liaison immunoassay analyzer using the chemiluminescent technique. Mean 25(OH)D levels in pre-diabetic and normoglycaemic groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman's correlation coefficient 'rs' was determined between serum 25(OH)D and FPG. Odds ratio for vitamin D deficiency was also calculated. Mean serum 25(OH)D level was low in pre-diabetics (23.2 nmol/L) as compared to normoglycaemics (29 nmol/L; p=0.001). Serum 25(OH)D level had inverse correlation with FPG (rs= -0.448, p=0.000). There was also significant association of vitamin D deficiency with pre-diabetes compared with normoglycaemia (OR: 2.21, p= 0.016; 95% CI: 1.15-4.27). Vitamin D deficiency with pre-diabetes suggested that vitamin D may have an important role in pathogenesis of pre-diabetes.

Association between serum vitamin D status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in an older Korean population with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: data from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (2010-2011).

BackgroundVitamin D is important in bone health and its relationship with osteoarthritis has recently been reported. Both vitamin D deficiency and knee osteoarthritis are age dependent and are known to affect quality of life (QOL) in older populations. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between vitamin D status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in an older Korean population with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsA total of 2,165 participants aged ≥50 years with radiographic knee osteoarthritis defined as Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade ≥2 were selected from data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), a representative cross-sectional nationwide survey conducted in 2010–2011. They stratified into two levels by vitamin D status (deficiency <10 ng/dL and normal ≥10 ng/dL). HRQOL was measured using the EuroQOL visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and the five dimensions and summary index of the EuroQOL-5 dimension (EQ-5D).ResultsThe vitamin D deficiency group was more likely to report problems with mobility, self-care, and usual activities. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with poor HRQOL indicated by the lowest quartile of EQ-VAS (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] =1.832, p = 0.006) and the lowest quartile of the EQ-5D index (unadjusted OR = 1.992, p = 0.003). Theses associations of vitamin D status with EQ-VAS and EQ-5D index were maintained after adjustment for age and sex (Model 1: OR = 1.677, p = 0.022 and OR = 1.701, p = 0.021, respectively). The significant associations of vitamin D status with EQ-VAS were maintained after adjustment for other possible covariates (Model 3: OR = 1.562, p = 0.044). Also, a trend of associations between vitamin D status and EQ-5D index were shown after adjustment for other covariates (Model3: OR = 1.681, p = 0.056).ConclusionThis is the first study to reveal that vitamin D status is independently associated with HRQOL in an older Korean population with knee osteoarthritis. Our results suggest that the maintenance of sufficient vitamin D status may be important to prevent QOL decline in older populations with knee osteoarthritis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0245-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in the obese: a retrospective chart review

ObjectiveTo determine whether the obese population is more likely to be vitamin D deficient compared to healthy and overweight individuals.Patients and methodsA retrospective chart review was performed for patients seen in two ambulatory clinics in South Florida over a 1-year period (n=402). Patients’ vitamin D levels drawn during annual wellness visits were analyzed. Subjects were categorized based on body mass index (BMI) as normal (BMI <24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), and obese (BMI >30.0). Their 25-OH vitamin D status was defined as normal (>30 ng/mL), insufficient (20.0–29.9 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL). The study included both men and women of black, white, Hispanic, and Asian races. Other variables in the study included age, history of hypertension, and diabetes. Patients with conditions leading to vitamin D malabsorption (chronic pancreatitis, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, ileocecal resection) were excluded. Patients with prior vitamin D supplementation were also excluded.ResultsThe results of the study indicated a significant association of vitamin D deficiency and obesity (p<0.05). Patients who were obese had a relative risk of 3.36 (95% CI: 1.50–7.54) for vitamin D deficiency compared to subjects with normal BMI. The study also showed a significant association between vitamin D levels and obesity when controlling for age, race, and presence of hypertension (p <0.05), with Asians and blacks more likely to be vitamin D deficient.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that obesity was a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency in all races, especially the Asian and black populations. This suggests that physicians should screen for vitamin D deficiency in the obese populations, especially among Asian and black races.

Vitamin D levels and left ventricular diastolic function

ObjectiveTo determine the association between serum vitamin D level and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction.BackgroundVitamin D deficiency has been shown in observational and prospective studies to be associated with cardiovascular...