Significant Anti-inflammatory Activity Research Articles

Flavonoids analysis in citrus peels by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and its antioxidant and anti-inflammation activity

Citrus is the world's largest fruit, developed a rich variety resources in a long history of cultivation. Flavonoid is a natural product found widely in citrus plants. In this study, the major flavonoids and relative activities of 9 citrus peels were investigated by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays in A549 cell. A total of 51 flavonoids were identified, comprising a variety of subclasses. Notably, Citrus Reticulata Blanco (MJ) and Bu Zhi Huo (CJ) demonstrated distinctive flavonoid profiles. Flavonoid extracts from MJ and Citrus maxima (HY) peels significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and decreased the levels of cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6) in A549 cells. Furthermore, these extracts up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 and NF-κB activity. Gray correlation analysis identified (-)-vestitone, dimefline, eupafolin, and trans-cinnamaldehyde as strongly associated with inflammatory markers. The findings suggest that flavonoids extracted from citrus peels possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, highlighting their potential as natural therapeutic agents for combating inflammation.

New flavonoid glycosides from the stems and leaves of Astragalus membranaceus

Astragalus membranaceus, a well-known traditional medicine and food, has been extensively studied for its roots. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to its stems and leaves. In this study, we successfully isolated and identified three new flavonoid glycosides (1–3), and eight known analogues (4–11) from the stems and leaves of A. membranaceus. Notably, compound 10 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced BV2 cells, with IC50 value of 1.11 ± 0.04 μM. These findings highlight flavonoids as the key bioactive components present in the stems and leaves of A. membranaceus.

Cutaneous Wound Healing Activity of Quercetin Functionalized Bimetallic Nanoparticles.

Quercetin, a natural flavonol, is reported to have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which further aids in its good wound healing properties via acting on acute as well as chronic inflammatory phases. The current study is focused on understanding the potential of the green synthesized iron and zinc oxide bimetallic (i.e., zinc ferrite) nanoparticles of quercetin (ZFQNP) on wound healing by in vivostudy model. Bimetallic quercetin nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Synthesized ZFQNP was utilized to prepare the ointment for topical application and wound healing activity was evaluated by using excisional wound method in Wistar rats. The binding affinity of quercetin was ascertained against various wound-healing protein targets by molecular docking. Characterization data confirmed the synthesis of bimetallic ZFQNP of an irregular shape. Molecular docking studies showed satisfactory binding potential of quercetin with selected molecular targets. The study results of various parameters corroborated significant wound-healing properties of ZFQNP, possibly attributed to the promising binding potential of quercetin with vital wound-healing targets. The study demonstrated that the quercetin bimetallic nanoparticles could provide a promising wound-healing effect.

Lipid nanocarrier-based bigel of Piper betel oil for analgesic and anti-inflammatory applications

Present study reports analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Piper betel (L.) leaf oil loaded lipid nanocarrier (BLNs)-embedded bigel. BLNs were developed by solvent evaporation technique and were characterised by FESEM, Cryo-TEM, mean diameter, zeta potential, loading efficiency, etc. BLNs embedded bigel (BLNs-G) was evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy in rat model. Data showed spherical BLNs with intact lamellarity, 138.2 ± 1.08 nm mean diameter, 0.182 PDI, −46.6 ± 0.61 mV zeta potential, 76.2 ± 2.1% (w/w) loading efficiency and a sustained release in vitro. BLNs-G was homogenous with satisfied viscosity (40 734 ± 1.7 cps), spreadability (8.3 ± 1.5 g.cm sec−1), extrudability (91.33 ± 1.3% w/w) along with a sustained permeation ex vivo. Significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory action were depicted by BLNs-G (1% w/w) in rat model (p ˂ 0.05) within 30 minutes post topical application. In silico docking study revealed high affinity of major phytoactive components with key analgesic/inflammatory mediators. Further pre-clinical investigations are warranted for futuristic clinical application of BLNs-G.

Phytochemical, Cytoprotective Profiling, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Colchicum luteum in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Experimental and Simulation Study

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by severe pain, inflammation, and joint deformity. Currently, it affects 1% of the population, with a projection to exceed 23 million cases by 2030. Despite significant advancements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the first line of treatment, are associated with a range of adverse effects. Consequently, plant-based derivatives are being utilized as an effective alternative. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory and safety profile of Colchicum luteum hydroethanolic extract (CLHE) in comparison to NSAIDs, with a focus on COX-2 and TNFα inhibition. Methods: CLHE potential was evaluated by phytochemical screening and in vitro bioactivity assays. Toxicity profile was conducted in Human Colon Epithelial Cells (HCEC) and Balb/c mice. Anti-inflammatory potential was explored in a collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) mice model. Bioactive compounds were identified computationally from GCMS data and subjected to docking and simulation studies against COX2 and TNFα. Results: CLHE demonstrated significant antioxidant (IC-50 = 6.78 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC-50 = 97.39 µg/mL) activity. It maintained 50% cell viability at 78.5 μg/µL in HCEC cells and exhibited no toxicity at a dose of 5000 mg/kg in mice. In the CIA model, CLHE significantly reduced paw swelling, arthritic scoring, C-reactive protein levels, and spleen indices, outperforming ibuprofen. Expression analysis confirmed the downregulation of COX-2, TNFα, and MMP-9. Histopathological analysis indicated the superior efficacy of CLHE compared to ibuprofen in reducing inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, and bone erosion. Computational studies identified compound-15 (CL15), (4-(4,7-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-oxo pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid), a non-toxic compound with strong binding affinities to COX-2 (−12.9 KJ/mol), and TNF-α (−5.8 KJ/mol). Conclusions: The findings suggest the potential of Colchicum luteum as a safer, anti-inflammatory, and multi-targeted alternative to NSAIDs for RA treatment.

Black rice bioactive with multifunctional health promotional activities: A special reference to wound healing activity with polyhydroxybutyrate composite

Black rice (BR) extract contains several functional food bioactive components that are health-promoting. This study assessed the multifunctional bioactivities of various BR extracts (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and aqueous). These BR extracts revealed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. Acetone extract exhibited high cytotoxicity against gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS), while ethanol extract was cytotoxic against pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1). Moreover, the acetone extract induced 33.6 % and 16.5 % apoptosis in PANC-1 and AGS cells, respectively. Acetone extract showed significant anti-inflammatory action, reducing 76 % production of nitric oxide in the RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage). Furthermore, all BR extracts inhibited PANC-1 and AGS migration and promoted RAW 264.7 migration. Field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis of the BR-polyhydroxybutyrate composite revealed successful deposition for BR extracts. This study highlights the potential of BR extracts to develop multifunctional activity-based strips for rapid wound healing.

Botany, Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Applications of Rhubarb (Rhei Radix et Rhizome): A Systematic Review.

Rhubarb, the Rhei radix et rhizoma (Da huang) is a member of the Polygonaceae family, included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and is mainly distributed in Gansu, Sichuan, Qinghai, northwestern Yunnan, and eastern Tibet. Rhei radix et rhizoma is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, processed into drinkable tablets in different concoctions for clinical use. Phytochemical studies showed that more than 170 compounds were isolated and identified from Rhei radix et rhizoma, including anthraquinones/anthrones (major constituents), stilbenes, chromones, flavonoids, tannins, and other compounds, etc. Rhei radix et rhizoma is an herb with a long history of traditional use and many potential therapeutic benefits. It can play the role of diarrhea, clearing heat in response to different combinations and concoctions. It is mainly used for the treatment of constipation, gastrointestinal function impairment, and other diseases. In addition, Rhei radix et rhizoma has significant antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hepato-renal protective, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory activities. Its active constituents have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and hepato-kidney protective properties. Although it is primarily used for gastrointestinal disorders, it may also have wider applications in various inflammatory and liver disorders. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore its full potential and mechanism of action. This paper reviews the research progress of Rhei radix et rhizoma in terms of botany, traditional use, chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies. It aims to provide a scientific basis for in-depth research and development of Rhei radix et rhizome resources.

Herqupenoid A, an Unparalleled Sesquiterpene-Quinone Hybrid Featuring a Multicyclic Caged 2,7-Dioxatetracyclo[5.4.0.04,11.05,9]Hendecane Fragment from Penicillium herquei.

Herqupenoid A (1), a sesquiterpene-quinone hybrid with an unparalleled 5/5/6/5-fused ring skeleton based on a multicyclic caged 2,7-dioxatetracyclo[5.4.0.04,11.05,9]hendecane fragment, was isolated from fungus Penicillium herquei. Its structure was assigned by extensive spectroscopic analyses, DP4+ computational method, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Further pharmacology research has established that compound 1 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting NF-κB-NLRP3 axis with an IC50 value of 2.63 μM, which was stronger than the positive control dexamethasone. A putative biosynthetic pathway involving the key hemiacetal and aldol condensation reactions for 1 was also discussed.

Anti- Inflammatory Activities Of The Methanol Leaf Extract And Fractions Of Elaesis Guineensis In In-Vivo Animals

Abstract Objective Objective of this paper is to investigate the preliminary anti-inflammatory property of the leaves and its fractions of Elaesis guineensis using egg induced albumin and formaldehyde induced arthritis models in rats. Method Egg albumin induced inflammation was induced by sub-plantar injection of 0.1 ml of fresh undiluted egg albumin. The volume of distilled water displaced by the treated paw was measured at 0.5,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after induction of inflammation. Formaldehyde-induced arthritis was induced after 30 min by sub-plantar injection of 0.1 ml of 2.5% formaldehyde solution and was repeated on day 3. Arthritis was assessed by measuring the volume of distilled water displaced by the paw before induction of arthritis and once every day for ten days, starting from day one, after induction of arthritis. Results The acute toxicity test revealed that the plant extract was safe even at 5000 mg/kg dose level. The methanol extract (ME) showed a dose-dependent inhibition of egg albumin-induced acute inflammation that peaked at the dose of 200 mg/kg, while the fractions of the extract showed that the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions had the highest activity during the experiment. Similarly, the crude extract of the formaldehyde induced arthritis showed a dose-dependent inhibition making the 200 mg/kg the most active dose level. Additionally, it was observed that among the fractions of the extract the hexane fraction (HF) showed the most significant inhibitory activity when compared to other fractions Conclusion this study establishes that the methanol leaf extract and fractions ofElaesis guineensis possess significant anti-inflammatory activity

Carboxylic Acids as Activators of NRF2: Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Effects

Abstract: The complex interaction between carboxylic acids and molecular signaling pathways, particularly the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway, is of growing interest in medicinal chemistry due to its potential therapeutic benefits. Carboxylic acids, which are widely distributed in nature, are versatile regulators of cellular responses due to their ability to interact with multiple signaling pathways, especially those involved in combating oxidative stress and inflammation. Several carboxylic acids exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. They have been identified as potential activators of the NRF2 transcription factor, a key regulator of endogenous antioxidants that maintains cellular redox homeostasis and modulates the production of several antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes. The potential effects of carboxylic acid-NRF2 crosstalk are exhibited in a variety of physiological processes, such as attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation, detoxification of xenobiotics, and modulation of the immune system. The molecular docking of some carboxylic acids with NRF2 protein showed that their binding affinities were comparable to dimethyl fumarate, a reference drug. The current review explores the evolving landscape of carboxylic acid-NRF2 interactions and their mechanisms of action, highlighting the possible impact of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated diseases. The natural and synthetic sources of NRF2-activating carboxylic acids and the role of their chemical and physical properties in influencing NRF2-inducing activities were discussed. Their potential challenges as future drugs and clinical trial prospects were also highlighted. Carboxylic acid-NRF2 interactions offer potential for developing therapies that will attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic Characterization, In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Benzyl Tetrazole-N-Isobutyl Acetamide Hybrid

Background: Tetrazole-based compounds are of significant interest due to their potential pharmacological applications. The current study focuses on the synthesis and analysis of such a compound. Objective: This research aims to synthesize the title compound N-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1Htetrazol- 1-yl) butyl) acetamide, analyze its crystal structure, perform computational studies, and evaluate its potential pharmacological activities and it’s in silico and in vitro supports, specifically antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: The title compound, C14H19N5O, was synthesized, and its crystal structure was confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis by default parameters. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09W software package with the B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) method to optimize the compound's structure and calculate its HOMOLUMO energy gap, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), and Mulliken charge distribution. In vitro, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed and compared with standard drugs by using reported protocols. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted with enzymes related to diabetes and inflammation with default parameters, and Auto-Dock 4.2 software was used. Results: The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystal structure, and the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the molecular properties of the compound. Molecular docking experiments with relevant enzymes further supported the significant antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities demonstrated in the in vitro tests. Conclusion: The synthesized tetrazole-based compound exhibits promising antidiabetic and antiinflammatory activities, supported by both experimental and theoretical studies, suggesting its potential for further pharmacological investigation.

Evaluation of Dermal Wound Healing Potential: Phytochemical Characterization, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Euphorbia guyoniana Boiss. & Reut. Latex.

This study investigates the wound-healing potential of Euphorbia guyoniana latex (EGL) in male Wistar rats, along with its biochemical composition and biological activities. Phytochemical analysis identified moderate levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, with HPLC revealing five phenolic compounds. EGL demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in DPPH assays, surpassing ascorbic acid in protecting red blood cells. Its performance in the ß-carotene-linoleic acid assay was robust, though its FRAP assay results were weaker. EGL also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to Acetylsalicylic acid, and showed antibacterial effects against Listeria innocua. In Vivo, EGL-infused ointments accelerated wound healing, reducing epithelialization periods to 12-16 days, with a higher wound contraction rate compared to controls. The study concludes that EGL, rich in bioactive compounds, holds potential as a promising natural agent for wound healing, owing to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

Diterpenoids and lignans from the stems of Tripterygium wilfordii and their anti-inflammatory activities

Two undescribed diterpenoids (1–2) and three lignans (3a/3b, 4a), together with sixteen known compounds (4b, 5–9, 10a/10b–14a/14b) were obtained from the stems of Tripterygium wilfordii (T. wilfordii). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were estabished by ECD calculations. Some compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. Compound 5 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro (IC50, 0.77 μM) and inhibited macrophage polarization towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.

Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic potential of phytochemicals from Gymnostachyum febrifugum-an in vitro study

Gymnostachyum febrifugum an ethnomedicinal plant of Acanthaceae family is used to treat fever, ulcer and metrorrhagia. The current study aimed to determine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic potential of phytochemicals from methanolic leaf and root extracts of G. febrifugum. In addition, a preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The study revealed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of G. febrifugum roots compared to that of leaves. Also, a moderate in vitro cytotoxic effect of the root methanolic extracts was observed against human lung cancer cells. LC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract of root revealed the presence of 11 phytochemicals belonging to classes of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and sugars, of which esculin, 6,7,10-trihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid, piperlongumine, ardisiacrispin B and berbamine were detected in high abundance. Probably, these phytochemicals were responsible for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic potential of G. febrifugum. However further research on isolation and identification of active compounds is necessary to confirm these results.

Application of Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Experimental Evaluation to Decipher the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Cirsium japonicum

Cirsium japonicum, a traditional herb, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity. However, the main components and potential mechanisms of C. japonicum remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Cirsium japonicum through network pharmacology and cellular experiments. The effective components of and potential targets for the anti-inflammatory activity of C. japonicum were identified using a traditional Chinese medicine systematic pharmacology database, the TCMSP analysis platform, and the GeneCards database. The drug–component–target–disease network diagram was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software, while the protein interaction network diagram was created using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out using the DAVID database. Molecular docking between key targets and active components was constructed with AutoDock 4.2.6 software to determine the best binding target. The results revealed that 14 active components of C. japonicum targeted 171 anti-inflammatory proteins. GO function enrichment analysis yielded 173 items, while KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 48 signaling pathways related to inflammation regulation. Molecular docking showed a strong affinity of sitosterol, stigmasterol, and other components with key targets such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α recombinant protein (PPARA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2). Vanillin, one active ingredient of C. japonicum, inhibited the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells. These findings suggest that C. japonicum may exert its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal pathway (PI3K-Akt) and apoptin signal pathway, highlighting the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel molecular mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effect of vanillin, an effective component of C. japonicum, was verified by cell experiments. This study provides a new understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of C. japonicum in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.

The structural features and anti-inflammatory properties of a glucogalactan from Holotrichia diomphalia Bates (Qi Cao)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe dried larvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates, named Qi Cao, is a traditional Chinese medicine treat for liver diseases and arthritis. Polysaccharides is a principal component in Qi Cao, which exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the structural characteristics and underlying mechanisms of the polysaccharides remain inadequately elucidated. Aim of the studyTo analyze the primary structure and elucidate the molecular anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the active polysaccharide in Qi Cao. Materials and methodsThe total polysaccharide was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and further isolated and purified by DEAE Sephadex A-25 column and Sephadex G-100 column. The anti-inflammatory properties of four major fractions (HDPS-1, HDPS-2, HDPS-3, HDPS-4) and the pure homogeneous polysaccharides (HDPS-1I and HDPS-1II) were assessed using a RAW 264.7 cell model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and HDPS-1II was identified as the polysaccharide exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory activity in Qi Cao. The structural characteristics of HDPS-1II were subsequently analyzed using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The TLR4, NF-κB, COX-2 and iNOS expressions were determined by Western blot analysis to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of HDPS-1II in vitro. Finally, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of HDPS-1II were evaluated by measuring the serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors, inflammatory cell infiltration and organelle damage in the lung tissues of sepsis model mice. ResultsA homogeneous polysaccharide (HDPS-1II) with molecular weight of 1.7 × 104 Da was isolated from Holotrichia diomphalia Bates. HDPS-1II contains a backbone of α-T-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-Galp-(1 → . It inhibited activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling and reduced pro-inflammatory factors and NO in LPS-stimulated macrophage. Moreover, HDPS-1II increased the survival rate, inhibited inflammatory cells infiltration, and ameliorated the lung tissue damage in septic mice. ConclusionsHDPS-1II exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, which is the active polysaccharide components of the anti-inflammatory activity of Qi Cao.

Anti-inflammatory oxazole-, nitro- and hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole-containing abietane diterpenoid alkaloids from Salvia miltiorrhiza

Nine undescibed abietane diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs), salviamines G‒H (1–2), isosalviamines G‒J (3–6), and miltiorramines A‒C (7–9) were isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their chemical structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS), combined with the calculated ECD method and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Among them, compounds 1–6 are unusual 20-nor- or 19,20-bisnor-abietane DAs with an oxazole ring. Compounds 7–8 are the first examples of DAs with a nitro group isolated from plant sources. Notably, compound 9 possesses a rare hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole unit that is fused in the ring B of the abietane skeleton. Bioactivity assay indicated that compound 3 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the gene expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Active fraction of ground cherry (Physalis angulata L.) calyces attenuates azoxymethane dextran sulfate sodium‑induced colon carcinogenesis in mice.

Physalis angulata L., commonly known as wild tomato or ground cherry, is widely used in tropical and subtropical areas to treat health disorders including inflammation, hepatitis, dermatitis, cancer and diabetes. In Colombia, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity are the most common ethnopharmacological applications of P. angulata calyces. P. angulata dichloromethane fraction (PADF) has significant anti-inflammatory activity. The present study assessed the pharmacological effect of PADF on colorectal cancer (CRC) using cancer and normal human cells and an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine model. MTT and clonogenic assay, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential measurement were employed to evaluate in vitro activity of PADF. PADF selectively induced a cytotoxic effect against CRC cells via apoptosis and G2/M arrest. In the AOM/DSS model, treatment with PADF diminished tumor number and size, affected area and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and promoted colon tissue repair. These effects might be related to the increased expression of p38 pro-apoptotic protein in addition to anti-inflammatory activity of PADF demonstrated by decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. PADF may serve as a potential treatment for CRC. Further investigation is warranted to identify the bioactive components in PADF.

Formulation and characterization of tea tree and jojoba oils nano-emulgel for in-vivo wound healing assessment

Cutaneous wounds are the most common surgical affections among living organisms worldwide, and their healing may be interrupted by several factors. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity of tea tree and jojoba oils nano-emulsions, additionally, investigating the cytotoxicity of the optimized formula was investigated on normal human lung fibroblast cells (WI-38) by MTT colorimetric assay, additionally its in-vivo wound healing. Nano-emulsions (NEs) were prepared using a high-energy method and characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential, droplet size, and poly dispersive index (PDI). Nano-emulgel (NEG) was formulated by mixing the standard NE with carbopol® 940. For in-vivo wound healing, thirty adult female albino rats were assigned into control, moist exposed burn ointment (Mebo), and NEG-treated groups. The healing was assessed by analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and histopathology in healed wound tissues. All formulations demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. The CC50 of the optimized formula was 453.82± 3.87 µg/mL, with a mean droplet size of 105.4 nm and a zeta potential of −39.2 ± 2.1 mV. NEG enhanced wound closure compared to Mebo-treated and control groups. Also, MDA significantly decreased and SOD significantly increased in NEG and Mebo-treated groups compared to the control (p ˂ 0.05). TNF-α, and IL-1β significantly decreased in NEG and Mebo-treated compared to the control (p < 0.05). Histopathology revealed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, rapid epithelization, and increased collagen deposition in NEG-treated wound tissues compared to the control and Mebo-treated wounds. In conclusion, the NEG containing tea tree and jojoba oils demonstrated significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing activities.

Evaluation of the in vitro toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. harvested from northwestern Algeria.

Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used for thousands of years for their therapeutic properties, to treat various ailments and maintain health. This study was carried out to test the in vitro toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L., native to the north-western region of Algeria. Toxicity was studied in vitro by the hemolysis test and anti-hemolytic activity on human red blood cells, while anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in vitro by the protein denaturation method. The study of toxicity by hemolysis of red blood cells showed a high rate of hemolysis at a dose of 200 mg/mL, with a hemolytic percentage of around 88.64%, while a high rate of anti-hemolysis was observed at a dose of 25 mg/mL, with an inhibition percentage of around 83.17%. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity revealed a high percentage of inhibition of ovalbumin denaturation, reaching 63.53% at the 2000 ug/mL dose, while the lowest percentage was obtained at the 3500 ug\mL concentration with 10.16%. This extract has a toxic substance but does not exceed the toxicity threshold which achieves significant anti-inflammatory activity with depandant doses.