Significant Antibacterial Activity Research Articles

Marine Pediococcus pentosaceus E3 Probiotic Properties, Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis, and Safety Assessment.

Probiotics play a significant role in enhancing health, and they are well known for bacteriocins production. Evaluating probiotics' whole-genome sequence provides insights into their consumption outcomes. Thus, genomic studies have a significant role in assessing the safety of probiotics more in-depth and offer valuable information regarding probiotics' functional diversity, metabolic pathways, and health-promoting mechanisms. Marine Pediococcus pentosaceus E3, isolated from shrimp gut, exhibited beneficial properties, indicating its potential as a probiotic candidate. Phenotypically, E3 strain was susceptible to most antibiotics assessed, tolerant to low pH and high bile salt conditions, and revealed no hemolysin activity. Interestingly, E3-neutralized CFS revealed significant antibacterial activity against pathogens under investigation. Therefore, the concentrated CFS was prepared and evaluated as a natural biopreservative and showed outstanding antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, integrated-based genome assessment has provided insight into probiotic characteristics at the genomic level. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the E3 genome possesses 1805 protein-coding genes, and the genome size was about 1.8Mb with a G + C content of 37.28%. Moreover, the genome revealed the absence of virulence factors and clinically related antibiotic genes. Moreover, several genes consistent with probiotic microorganisms' features were estimated in the genome, including stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, and vitamin biosynthesis. In addition, several genes associated with survival and colonization within the gastrointestinal tract were also detected across the E3 genome. Therefore, the findings suggest that insights into the genetic characteristics of E3 guarantee the safety of the strain and facilitate future development of E3 isolate as a health-promoting probiotic and source of biopreservative.

Biocompatible plasma-treated liquids: A sustainable approach for decontaminating gastrointestinal-infection causing pathogens

Nosocomial infections are a serious threat and difficult to cure due to rising antibiotic resistance in pathogens and biofilms. Direct exposure to cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been widely employed in numerous biological research endeavors. Nonetheless, plasma-treated liquids (PTLs) formulated with physiological solutions may offer additional benefits such as enhanced portability, and biocompatibility. Additionally, CAP-infused long-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) such as nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can synergistically induce their antibacterial activity. Herein, we investigated those argon-plasma jet-treated liquids, including Ringer’s lactate (RL), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and physiological saline, have significant antibacterial activity against nosocomial/gastrointestinal-causing pathogens, which might be due to ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation. Combining the conventional culture-based method with propidium iodide monoazide quantitative PCR (PMAxx™-qPCR) indicated that PTLs induce a minimal viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state and moderately affect culturable counts. Specifically, the PTL exposure resulted in pathogenicity dysfunction via controlling T3SS-related effector genes of S. enterica. Overall, this study provides insights into the effectiveness of PTLs for inducing ROS-mediated damage, controlling the virulence of diarrheagenic bacteria, and modulating homeostatic genes.

Cadmium oxide nanoparticles from new organometallic Cd(II)-Schiff base complex and in vitro biological potentials: dual S. aureus and E. coli DNA gyrase inhibition by the precursors via in silico binding modes’ study

AbstractAt the nanoscale level, several biological processes take place, owing to the potential that engineered nanomaterials might interrelate with bio-molecules and cellular procedures. This study aimed to synthesize cadmium oxide nanoparticles via a one-step calcination process of tetradentate Schiff base-Cd(II) complex at different temperature ranges. The as-synthesized compounds were carried out via a viz UV–visible, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, molar conductivity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The band gap energy and average particle sizes of the CdO particles are respectively (2.69 eV, 3.54 eV), 26.88 nm for CdO@250, and (3.20 eV, 3.57 eV), 25.67 nm for CdO@300, while CdO@350 exhibited the 3.78 eV and 28.42 nm values. The antioxidant accomplishments of the test samples through the scavenging activity of DPPH radicals showed CdO@300 to possess (IC50 = 5.18 ± 0.56 µg/mL). Similarly, the as-synthesized CdO nanoparticles exhibited higher antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli as compared to the corresponding Cd-HMB and ligand (HMB), while ciprofloxacin acted as a standard antibiotic. Furthermore, HMB and its complex Cd-HMB were docked against the DNA gyrase enzymes of S. aureus (PDB IDs: 5CDQ) and E. coli (PDB IDs: 6F86) as receptors. The binding sites docking results showed that the binding energies of HMB and Cd-HMB to 5CDQ ranged from − 3.44 to − 4.99 kcal/mol and from − 6.45 to − 6.64 kcal/mol, while the binding energies related to the target 6F86 are in the ranges of (− 3.64, − 4.76) kcal/mol and (− 6.08, − 6.09) kcal/mol respectively. Therefore, the significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the ligand (HMB), Cd-HMB, and CdO NPs review the broad application prospects of these compounds as therapeutic agents for wide-ranging biomedical applications.

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Antibacterial Wound Dressing: A Powder Preparation Based on Cross-Linked Pullulan with Polyhexamethylene Biguanide for Hydrogel-Transition in Advanced Wound Management and Infection Control

As antibiotic resistance increasingly undermines traditional infection management strategies, there is a critical demand for innovative wound care solutions that address these emerging challenges. This study introduces a novel antibacterial wound dressing based on Cross-Linked Pullulan (Pul) and Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB) for enhanced wound management and infection control. The dressing’s adsorption rate reached 200% of its original weight within 30 min, exceeded 300% after 5 h, and exhibited significant non-Newtonian fluid properties. The dressings were able to release the loaded medication completely within 20 min; additionally, the dressing demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria. Significantly, the therapeutic effects of the Pul-PHMB/GP dressing were evaluated in a mouse model. Compared to untreated wounds, wounds treated with Pul-PHMB/GP exhibited a significant gelation process within 5 min post-treatment and showed a significant increase in wound healing rate within 12 days. This powder preparation overcomes the limitations associated with liquid and gel dressings, notably in storage and precise application, preventing the premature expansion or dissolution often caused by PHMB in high-humidity environments. The powder form can transform into a gel upon contact with wound exudate, ensuring accurate coverage of irregular wounds, such as those from burns or pressure sores, and offers excellent chemical and physical stability in a dry state, which facilitates storage and transport. This makes the dressing particularly suitable for emergency medical care and precision therapy, significantly improving the efficiency and adaptability of wound treatment and providing robust support for clinical treatments and emergency responses.

Antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites from Fusarium species

To evaluate the biological activities of secondary metabolites obtained from Fusarium species. The secondary metabolites of Fusarium oxysporum showed a proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells. The secondary metabolites of Fusarium solani reduced the viability of the MCF-7 cell in 48 hours. The metabolites of both fungi showed significant antibacterial activity (p<0.0010) in E. coli strains at all concentrations. F.oxysporum and solani significantly inhibited S. aureus at all concentrations within 24h. F. oxysporum metabolites significantly reduced C. albicans at all concentrations within 24h. The secondary metabolites of Fusarium solani significantly (p<0.0001) reduced the viability of C. albicans at all concentrations. There are compounds in Fusarium solani with antitumor and antimicrobial properties.

Antibacterial, Trichomonacidal, and Cytotoxic Activities of Pleopeltis crassinervata Extracts

Pleopeltis crassinervata is a fern documented in ethnobotanical records for its use in Mexican traditional medicine to treat gastric disorders and mouth ulcers. Consequently, conducting biological and pharmacological assays is crucial to validate the therapeutic efficacy of this plant within the context of traditional medicine. In the present study, we investigated the biological activity of extracts and fractions obtained from P. crassinervata organs against bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) and Trichomonas vaginalis using in vitro models. The precipitate fraction obtained from the frond methanolic extract showed significant antibacterial activity (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] 120 µg/mL) against the Staphylococcus aureus strain and was effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The hexane fraction also obtained from frond methanolic extract, showed a trichomonacidal effect with an IC50 of 82.8 μg/mL and a low cytotoxic effect. Hsf6 exhibited the highest activity against T. vaginalis, and the GC-MS analysis revealed that the predominant compound was 16-pregnenolone. The remaining identified compounds were primarily terpene-type compounds.

Rhamnopyranoside Pivaloyl Esters as Black and White Fungus Inhibitors: Molecular Docking, Dynamics and ADMET Analysis

The "Black and White Fungus" is a very infrequently developing pathogen with a high fatality rate that has prompted widespread public health concern during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This pathogenic fungus may be widely distributed in nature, in plants, and in deteriorating fruits and vegetables because of its widespread nature. Numerous sugar molecules, such as glucopyranoside and glucofuranose, have been reported to have significant antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity, and they were also revealed to be able to inhibit multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The recent black fungus epidemic was extremely serious in India, combined with COVID-19, which contributed to the high mortality impact and deterioration of the situation due to the unavailability of effective treatments. So, rhamnopyranose type derivatives 1–9 were studied against the proteins associated with black and white fungi such as Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (PDB ID 7D6X), Rhizomucor miehei (PDB ID 4WTP), Candida auris (PDB ID 6U8J), and Aspergillus luchuensis (PDB 1BK1). These compounds exhibited favorable physical and biochemical scores, as well as appropriate ADMET metrics, among other characteristics. Following the molecular docking procedure, it was found that 1–9 had the highest binding affinity in most cases, (> -6.00 kcal/mol), while compound 9 had outstanding binding affinity against Rhizomucor miehei (-8.7 kcal/mol) and against Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (-8.2 kcal/mol). In addition, the binding affinity against white fungus is also outstanding. This time, compounds 8 and 9 had better binding energy, which is -7.8 kcal/mol against Aspergillus luchuensis (1BK1) and -7.6 kcal/mol against Candida auris (6U8J). Finally, the molecular dynamics simulation at 100 ns has proved that they are stable for new medication development. Among the derivatives 1–9, ligands 8 and 9 exhibited potential medicinal characteristics when all of the data were considered.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of spinel structured transition metal ferrites supported on reduced graphene oxide against pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi.

One of the global challenges for living things is to provide pollution and harmful microbes-free environment. In this study, magnetically retrievable spinel-structured manganese zinc ferrite (Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) (MZF) was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. Further, the MZF with different weight percentages (10wt%, 50wt%, and 80wt%) were supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The phase purity and morphology of MZF and MZF/rGO nanocomposite were confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, UV-visible spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses of the as-synthesized nanocomposites were examined for the detection of various chemical groups, band gap, and thermal properties, respectively. The MZF/rGO nanocomposite exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against Eggerthella lenta, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans compared to bare MZF and rGO. The high surface area of rGO plays a crucible role in antimicrobial analysis. Additionally, the anti-bacterial and fungal activity is compared by synthesizing various metal ferrites such as MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and Fe3O4. The 50wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposite exhibits significantly high antibacterial activity. However, 10wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposite shows good antifungal activity than Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, MnZnFe2O4, 50wt%, and 80wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposites. These findings suggest that the prepared ferrite nanocomposites hold promise for microbial inhibition.

Antibacterial activity of Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. extract and its active component flavanthrinin against skin-associated bacteria

BackgroundDioscorea bulbifera Linn. has been used for wound care in Thailand. However, a comprehensive evaluation of its antibacterial activity is required. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of D. bulbifera extract against skin-associated bacteria and isolate and characterize its active antibacterial agent, flavanthrinin.MethodsAir-dried bulbils of D. bulbifera were pulverised and extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and distilled water; vacuum filtered; concentrated; freeze-dried; and stored at -20 ºC. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed using microdilution techniques against several skin-associated bacteria. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography was used to identify the active compounds in the extract, which were fractionated by column chromatography and purified by preparative TLC. The chemical structures of the purified compounds were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The cytotoxicity of the extract and its active compounds was evaluated in Vero cells.ResultsThe ethyl acetate extract exhibited distinct inhibition zones against bacteria compared to other extracts. Therefore, the ethyl acetate extract of D. bulbifera in the ethyl acetate layer was used for subsequent analyses. D. bulbifera extract exhibited antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.78–1.56 mg/mL. An active compound, identified through TLC-bioautography, demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity, with MICs of 0.02–0.78 mg/mL. NMR analysis identified this bioactive compound as flavanthrinin. Both D. bulbifera extract and flavanthrinin-containing fraction demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and S. epidermidis. The flavanthrinin containing fraction demonstrated low cytotoxicity against Vero cells, showing CC50 values of 0.41 ± 0.03 mg/mL. These values are lower than the MIC value, indicating that this fraction is safer than the initial ethyl acetate extract.ConclusionsDioscorea bulbifera extract and its bioactive component flavanthrinin demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against the skin-associated bacteria Staphylococci, including MRSA. Flavanthrinin has potential as a complementary therapeutic agent for managing skin infections owing to its potent antibacterial effects and low cytotoxicity.

Screening native Bacillus strains as potential biological control agents against ginger bacterial wilt and for promoting plant growth

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a destructive disease that causes significant loss in ginger productivity. This disease is notoriously difficult to control by chemical measures, prompting the exploration of biological control as a more sustainable and effective alternative strategy. In our research, we aimed to develop effective microbial agents to combat R. solanacearum-induced bacterial wilt in ginger. Initially, 307 Bacillus-like strains were isolated from ginger rhizosphere soil. Among these, ten strains exhibited significant antibacterial activity after extensive in vitro screening, with Bacillus-like isolate F18 being the most effective. Further tests in a co-culture assay revealed six isolates, notably L70, that significantly reduced the pathogen's fitness. To further assess their effectiveness, six isolates of L3, L72, L73, F18, HC-5, and L70 were then subjected to a hydroponics assay, where they substantially lowered disease incidence in ginger seedlings, especially strains F18, HC-5, and L73. These three strains were identified as Bacillus velezensis, exhibiting beneficial traits such as IAA production, siderophore secretion, and phosphate and potassium solubilization. Additionally, they also harbored genes related to the production of the dipeptide bacilysin and the polyketides macrolactin, bacillaene and difficidin. In greenhouse experiments, these three B. velezensis strains, particularly F18 and HC-5, demonstrated remarkable efficacy in controlling bacterial wilt. Tubers soaked in these biocontrol agents showed reduced disease severity and pathogen population. Moreover, the treatments promoted ginger growth, notably in tuber fresh weight, with HC-5 showing the greatest improvement. Conclusively, this study suggests a highly efficient strategy for biologically controlling ginger bacterial wilt, with B. velezensis strains HC-5, L73, and F18 emerging as promising biocontrol agents.

Square-planar nickel/copper(II) complexes of (E)-2-(((2-ethylphenyl)imino) (phenyl) methyl)phenol: Supramolecular analysis, keto-enol tautomerism, polymorphism and antibacterial activities

A new Schiff base proligand, (E)-2-(((2-ethylphenyl)imino)(phenyl)methyl)phenol (HL), was synthesized from 2-hydroxybenzophenone and 2-ethylaniline and its coordination chemistry with nickel(II) and copper(II) acetate explored. In solution, the proligand HL undergoes ketoimine -enolimine tautomerism which settles exclusively into an enolimine form in the solid-state. Interestingly, while a single crystalline habit was obtained for the nickel complex 1 (block-shaped single crystals), the copper species 2 was found to solidify in two detectable polymorphs: block-shaped crystals (2a, monoclinic space group P21/c) and rhombic crystals (2b, triclinic space group P-1). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the N,O Schiff base ligand chelates the divalent metal ions with square-planar geometry in the isostructural 1 and 2a and in a distorted square-planar geometry with a dihedral chelate-plane angle of 27.9° in 2b. The copper complex 2 exhibits significant antibacterial activity against the E. coli and medium activity against S. aureus bacteria. The physical properties of the complexes were further probed using thermal techniques, while their electronic structure was investigated by electrochemistry and electronic absorption spectroscopy.

In situ fabrication of NIR-II responsive TiO2 bio-metasurface for photothermal antibacterial and enhanced osseointegration

Titanium implants, widely used in orthopedic and dental applications, often face challenges due to inadequate osseointegration and the risk of postoperative infections, which can potentially lead to implant failure. To address this issue, we developed a titanium implant with an in-situ fabricated anatase TiO2 metasurface, characterized by a subwavelength thickness and a preferential orientation of the (001) facets. This metasurface, which consists of uniformly distributed nano-crystallites of approximately 30 nm in size, aims to enhance both osseointegration and antibacterial properties. The addition of isopropanol (IPA) to the precursor solution used in the fabrication process played a crucial role in controlling the grain size and coating thickness of the metasurface. This process led to a redshift of the light absorption peak into the near-infrared (NIR)-II region, thereby increasing the penetration depth of photothermal therapy. The implants with TiO2 metasurface exhibited increased hydrophilicity, rapid apatite formation in simulated body fluid, and an effective photothermal response under NIR-II light, showing significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. In vivo experiments in rabbits indicated superior bone regeneration and osseointegration around the implants with TiO2 metasurface compared to the control titanium implants. At 4 weeks postoperatively, the bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio within the implant was 53.94 %, and by 8 weeks, the implants were nearly entirely filled with new bone, with a BV/TV ratio of approximately 70 %. The findings suggest that the TiO2 metasurface, which combines antibacterial and bioactive features, has the potential to reduce the risk of postoperative infections and improve clinical outcomes.

Development of PVA/sodium alginate incorporated with histidine capped silver nanoparticles for food packaging application

AbstractPackaging is a growing field of interest, and the use of nanotechnology is accelerating its expansion. The study reports the fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blended sodium alginate (SA) and incorporated with different ratios of histidine‐capped silver (H‐AgNPs) nanoparticle films. Fabrication of PVA/SA/H‐AgNPs films was confirmed with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band denoted AgNPs presence between 400 and 420 nm measured by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The characteristics of the polymeric biocomposite films were significantly altered by different ratios of AgNPs. The interaction of PVA/SA and PVA/SA with AgNPs was analyzed by using FT‐IR analysis. The degree of crystallinity was increased upon increasing the concentration of H‐AgNPs as confirmed by XRD measurements. The homogeneity of dispersion and surface morphology of samples were studied by FESEM. The addition of H‐AgNPs in the polymeric film increased the surface roughness of the polymeric film confirmed by AFM analysis. The contact angle of the PVA/SA blend matrix was observed to be 46.97°, and with the incorporation of AgNPs ranging from 3%, 5%, and 7% to the blend matrix, the contact angle of the nanocomposite films in increasing hydrophobic order was 60.53°, 83.57°, and 96.20°, respectively. The incorporation of AgNPs also demonstrates that the PVA/SA blend matrix has desirable thermal stability. The improved qualities were due to H bonding between PVA, SA, and H‐AgNPs, in which molecules contact strongly with one another. Furthermore, the PVA/SA/H‐AgNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive (G+) strains (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (G−) strains (Escherichia coli) bacterial infections. The findings of this research indicate that the PVA/SA/H‐AgNPs fabricated composite films considerable for applications in food packaging.

Development of biodegradable Zn-based porous scaffolds with elaborate triply periodic minimal surface structure via Vat photopolymerization-assisted template replacement strategy

Herein, a novel strategy, namely Vat photopolymerization-assisted template replacement method was developed to achieve elaborate triply periodic minimal surface structure and different pore sizes in biodegradable Zn-based porous scaffolds. The pore structure, microstructure, phase constitution, degradation properties, mechanical performance, in vitro cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity were systematically investigated. As a result, triply periodic minimal surface structures with different pore sizes were successfully obtained in Zn-1Mg porous scaffolds. The actual porosity closely matched the designed porosity, demonstrating the efficacy of the new strategy in achieving precise pore structures with a difference below 2%. Zn-1Mg scaffolds, designed with a pore size of 780 mm, exhibited a uniaxial compressive strength of 59.95 MPa and an elastic modulus of 3.07 GPa. Furthermore, the mechanical integrity was well-maintained even after 28 days of immersion, attributed to the substantial deposition of calcium-phosphate-rich corrosion products within the porous structure. More importantly, a suitable weight loss rate of about 15% were confirmed after 28 days immersion, indicating a period for total degradation of approximately 13 months based on a linear degradation assumption. Further, the experimental scaffolds demonstrated good cytocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 preblast cells and exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

ZnO powders synthesized via sol–gel combustion method: Influence of the solvent on physical properties and antibacterial activity

ZnO powders were synthesized using the sol–gel combustion method, and their properties, along with their activity against microorganisms isolated in the oral cavity, were investigated based on the solvent used in the synthesis. Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The results revealed the synthesis of pure ZnO powders without secondary phases, albeit forming microaggregates. Changes in the density of point defects were suggested based on PL results. Despite their size, all the powders exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The chitosan/cellulose nanocrystal cross-linked carriers effectively encapsulate ursolic acid to enhance the delivery of bioactive natural products

The druggability of bioactive natural products (BNPs) is limited and their potential as medicines faces significant challenges. In this study, we developed a high adhesion, dual-stimulation-responsive drug release system (UA@CS/CNCs), using chitosan (CS) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) as the raw material and sodium alginate (SA) as the capping agent for the regulated release of ursolic acid (UA). The results demonstrated that the optimal encapsulation efficiency of UA was achieved at a mass ratio of 1:2 between CS and CNC. The UA@CS/CNCs developed in this study exhibited rapid drug release in alkaline and high temperature settings, demonstrating excellent pH-temperature responsive performance. The results of bacterial inhibition experiments demonstrate that the UA@CS/CNCs nanodrugs exhibit significant antibacterial activity against P. infestans, with a bacterial inhibition rate of 60.4 %. Additionally, the abundant hydroxyl groups in CNCs enhance hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, improving adhesion to crop leaves and enhancing carrier wettability. Drug release into non-target environments was effectively prevented by encapsulating UA in nanocarriers, which significantly reduces toxicity to zebrafish. Consequently, the nanodrugs of UA@CS/CNCs exhibited enhanced potential for targeted efficacy and environmental safety.

Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Acacia auriculiformis: A Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Properties and Therapeutic Applications

This review explores the pharmacological potential of Acacia auriculiformis, highlighting its diverse medicinal properties and therapeutic applications. Through a detailed analysis of experimental evidence, the study showcases the plant's efficacy in various health concerns. The plant exhibits significant wound healing, antifungal, antibacterial, antifilarial, antioxidant, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, chemoprotective, antimutagenic, CNS depressant, spermicidal, and cestocidal activities. The global interest in herbal medicine and the increasing utilization of A. auriculiformis underscore its importance in alternative healthcare approaches. The review emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the plant's pharmacological activities and to explore its potential clinical benefits. The findings suggest that A. auriculiformis holds promise as a source of therapeutic agents for a wide range of health conditions. Continued investigation into the bioactive compounds derived from the plant, along with clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety, could pave the way for the development of novel treatments. Overall, this review sheds light on the multifaceted medicinal properties of A. auriculiformis and its potential contribution to the field of herbal medicine and drug discovery.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ginger-Derived Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities.

The efficacy, targeting ability, and biocompatibility of plant-based nanoparticles can be exploited in fields such as agriculture and medicine. This study highlights the use of plant-based ginger nanoparticles as an effective and promising strategy against cancer and for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections and related disorders. Ginger is a well-known spice with significant medicinal value due to its phytochemical constituents including gingerols, shogaols, zingerones, and paradols. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from ginger extracts could be an important non-toxic and eco-friendly nanomaterial for widespread use in medicine. In this study, AgNPs were biosynthesized using an ethanolic extract of ginger rhizome and their phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties were evaluated. UV-visible spectral analysis confirmed the formation of spherical AgNPs. FTIR analysis revealed that the NPs were associated with various functional biomolecules that were associated with the NPs during stabilization. The particle size and SEM analyses revealed that the AgNPs were in the size range of 80-100 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.510, and a zeta potential of -17.1 mV. The purity and crystalline nature of the AgNPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The simple and repeatable phyto-fabrication method reported here may be used for scaling up for large-scale production of ginger-derived NPs. A phytochemical analysis of the ginger extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids, which can serve as active biocatalysts and natural stabilizers of metallic NPs. The ginger extracts at low concentrations demonstrated promising cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines with a 50% reduction in cell viability at 0.6-6 μg/mL. When evaluated for biological activity, the AgNPs exhibited significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity on several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. This suggests that the AgNPs may be used against multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Ginger-derived AgNPs have a considerable potential for use in the development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer medications, and an optimistic perspective for their use in medicine and pharmaceutical industry.

Quinoxaline clubbed thiazole: Molecular docking, synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation

Novel hybrid molecules of thiazole with quinoxaline have been designed, synthesized and characterised by FT-IR, Mass, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The pharmacological potential of synthesized compounds was checked for bacterial and fungal strains by the Broth microdilution method. All molecules exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. The compound (E)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(1-(3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole (3b) displayed (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL) excellent biological potential against Staphylococcus aureus [MTCC96] gram-positive bacterial strain. The molecular docking of thiazole derivatives was performed with S. aureus DNA gyrase (2XCT). The docked molecules displayed significant interactions with the active cavity of S. aureus DNA gyrase. The (E)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(1-(3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazole (3b) molecule displayed the most stable conformation at the highest binding affinity (−10.9 kcal/mol) among the docked molecules with protein.

Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Green Seaweed: Characterisation and Antibacterial Evaluation

This study investigates the Chaetomorpha antennina (CA) seaweed-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis process of silver nanoparticles was monitored over time with the help of an Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and further characterisation studies were also performed. Differential Light Scattering (DLS) measurements revealed a mean particle size of approximately 103.5nm and a mean zeta potential value of -57.5mV for AgNPs. The spherical shape and size of the AgNPs were confirmed through High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) imaging, while Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis provided insights into the elemental composition. The concentration of AgNPs was estimated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The antibacterial potential of AgNPs was evaluated against both gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) using the agar well diffusion method. From the results, AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. typhi among all the tested concentration levels (25, 50, 75 and 100μl).