Significant Age-related Differences Research Articles

Do Patient Outcomes Vary by Patient Age Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Multiple authors have sought to determine what patient characteristics influence outcome after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Age has shown no effect on outcome in some evaluations, while others have reported higher functional improvement in younger patients. The aim of this study was to determine if outcome after THA varies based on patient age. A prospective, multicenter cohort of 7,934 unilateral primary THA patients from the FORCE-TJR comparative effectiveness consortium was evaluated. Demographic data, comorbid conditions, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures, including (HOOS), HOOS-12, HOOS JR, and SF-36 (PCS) and (MCS), were collected preop and at 1-year postop. Descriptive statistics were generated, stratified by age (<55 years [younger adult], 55-64 years [older adult], 65-74 years [early elder], and ≥75 years [late elder]), and differences in pain, function, and quality of life among the 4 age groups were evaluated. A multivariate regression model with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the role of patient age as a predictive factor for HOOS pain and function scores reported 1 year after primary THA. Prior to surgery, younger patients (<55 years) reported worse pain, function, and quality of life than the other 3 patient groups. At 1 year after THA, younger patients (<55 years) reported slightly worse pain and quality of life but better function scores than the 3 older patients' groups. Younger patients (<55 years) achieved higher baseline to 1-year pain, and function score changes when compared to the older patients' groups. The quality of life score changes was not different among the 4 age groups. The differences in 1-year postop scores (ranging from 2.74 to 8.46) and the magnitude of score changes from baseline to 1 year (ranging from 1.9 to 5.85), although statistically significant (P < .001), did not reach the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). The multivariate regression analysis shows that age is a significant predictor for pain at 1 year but not for function. Although HOOS pain score is predicted to be higher by 4.38 points (less pain) 1 year after THA in older patients (≥75), when compared to younger patients (<55 years), again the difference is well below the MCID and is clinically insignificant. Although there are statistically significant differences in pain relief, functional improvement, and quality of life between younger and older patients among different patients' age groups, there is no clinically significant difference. THA provides an improvement in quality of life by decreasing pain and increasing function in all 4 age groups, with large improvements in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures scores (>2 standard deviations) without clinically significant age-related differences in THA outcome at 1 year.

Abuse and neglect of older people in health facilities from the perspective of nursing professionals: A cross-sectional study from Croatia.

Abuse and neglect of older people represent a salient public health issue that remains understudied in the current literature. However, most studies have focused on estimating the prevalence of mistreatment of older people, while litter priority has been put on healthcare professionals and their role in addressing this problem. The aim of this paper was to determine nurses' perceptions of neglect and abuse of older persons within health facilities in Croatia. A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling approach was conducted on 632 nursing professionals between 26 March and 26 April 2020. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. A questionnaire from Drennan et al. (NCPOP, University College Dublin, Dublin, 2012), previously adapted by Neuberg et al. (Arch Ind Hyg Toxicol, 68, 2017, 190), was used as a survey instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics has been used, as well as multivariable methods (reliability analysis). Significance was set at p < .05 (two-tailed). Abuse/neglect of older people was observed by 13.8% to 57.4% of nursing professionals, depending on the incident type. The most prevalent incidents observed were ignoring the call of an older person (57.4%), shouting at an older person in anger (41.1%) and force-feeding an older person (34.5%), while the least prevalent incidents observed were denial of food or some privileges as a form of punishment (13.8%). Male nursing professionals reported observing various forms of abuse significantly more often than their female counterparts (p=.038), without statistically significant age-related differences. Furthermore, mistreatment of older people was much more frequently observed in nursing homes (p=.013), with suboptimal the ratio of caregivers and care recipients, as well as by nursing professionals who work in shifts (p=.012). Reliability analysis demonstrated a satisfactory level of internal consistency for the used questionnaire. This study reinforces neglect and abuse of older people as a growing public health problem and puts the emphasis on its perception; hence, there is a need for systematic and continuous training of nursing professionals on preventing, identifying and responding to such mistreatment, with the aim of enhancing the quality of life in this vulnerable group. This study contributes to the growing body of research on the quality of evidence-based nursing care of older people, most notably from providers' perspective - with direct implications for policy, practice, research and training.

Hemato-biochemical Profile of Ostriches (Struthio Camelus) based on Gender and Age of Birds

The present study was conducted to determine the hematobiochemical analysis of ostrich (Struthio camelus) with respect to gender and progressive age. A total of 40 apparently healthy ostriches of both genders and two progressive age groups; young one (1 year to 2.4 years: group A); and adult (2.5 years to 5 years: group B) in equal number were used in this study. Blood samples were collected from the wing vein of the ostriches maintained in one of the ostrich farms near the Gogra in Pakistan. For hematobiochemistry analysis, the serum samples were obtained by centrifugation @ 500g for ten minutes) of collected blood samples and kept in 1ml aliquots. The hematobiochemical parameters included total protein, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma Glutamyl transferase, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The results showed a significant age-related difference (P&lt;0.05) in all serum biochemical values, however, the non-significant difference (P&lt;0.05) were observed in males and females within the same age group. The mean values of cholesterol, HDL-C, uric acid and creatinine were non-significant (P&gt;0.05) between two age groups from immature to adult age and between the genders of the same age group. The statistical analysis explained that sodium (Na) and potassium (K) values were significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased in immature than the adult ostriches. Keeping in view these findings, we may conclude that this preliminary study embarked on establishing a set of reference values in serum biochemistry of ostrich in Pakistan.

Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Different Ages: Prognosis of Patients With Initial Total Hearing Loss.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the hearing improvement and prognosis factors of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) in different ages with initial total hearing loss.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 5,711 hospitalized patients with ISSNHL from 2016 to 2021 in our center. All of the patients had been treated with uniform combination drug therapy. After excluding the patients with initial partial hearing loss and those diagnosed with clear etiology, 188 patients were enrolled in this study and divided into six age groups (18–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, ≥ 71 years). In all groups, decreases in pure-tone average (PTA) 1 month posttreatment, effective rate, and clinical characteristics (vertigo, tinnitus, hospital stay, comorbidity, and inner ear magnetic resonance imaging) were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 188 enrolled patients, 86% had vertigo. Complete recovery was seen in 0.5% of patients, and marked recovery was seen in 43% of patients. The mean 1 month posttreatment PTAs were as follows: 18–30 years: 80 ± 7.5 dB; 31–40 years: 100 ± 9.0 dB; 41–50 years: 99 ± 8.3 dB; 51–60 years: 101 ± 8.6 dB; 61–70 years: 96 ± 9.6 dB; and ≥ 71 years: 88 ± 13.0 dB. Compared with the other groups, the 18–30- years group showed better recovery of hearing threshold in five frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, respectively, at octave or semioctave frequencies under air conduction), and the recovery of hearing threshold at 0.25 and 0.5 Hz was better than the recovery at 1, 2, and 4 kHz. According to the results of the chi-square test statistical analysis, vertigo and comorbidities were associated with a poor prognosis of ISSNHL.ConclusionIn summary, the treatment outcomes of patients with ISSNHL with initial total hearing loss were poor. There was a significant age-related difference with respect to marked recovery 1 month posttreatment, and the 18–30- years group showed better recovery than the other age groups.

Investigating adult age differences in real-life empathy, prosociality, and well-being using experience sampling

While the importance of social affect and cognition is indisputable throughout the adult lifespan, findings of how empathy and prosociality develop and interact across adulthood are mixed and real-life data are scarce. Research using ecological momentary assessment recently demonstrated that adults commonly experience empathy in daily life. Furthermore, experiencing empathy was linked to higher prosocial behavior and subjective well-being. However, to date, it is not clear whether there are adult age differences in daily empathy and daily prosociality and whether age moderates the relationship between empathy and prosociality across adulthood. Here we analyzed experience-sampling data collected from participants across the adult lifespan to study age effects on empathy, prosocial behavior, and well-being under real-life circumstances. Linear and quadratic age effects were found for the experience of empathy, with increased empathy across the three younger age groups (18 to 45 years) and a slight decrease in the oldest group (55 years and older). Neither prosocial behavior nor well-being showed significant age-related differences. We discuss these findings with respect to (partially discrepant) results derived from lab-based and traditional survey studies. We conclude that studies linking in-lab experiments with real-life experience-sampling may be a promising venue for future lifespan studies.

Age-related differences in the quantitative analysis of the finger tapping task.

BACKGROUND: Quantitative measures of the finger tapping task is important for objective assessment of bradykinesia. However, age-related changes in quantitative measures are still unclear.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate age-related group differences in finger tapping performance.METHODS: Eighty-three healthy normal subjects with age ranging from aged 20 to 89 years participated in this study. All subjects were instructed to tap their index finger and thumbs as rapidly as possible and with as large amplitude as possible. Angular velocity of the finger tapping movement was measured using a gyrosensor. Quantitative variables include root mean squared (RMS) angular velocity, RMS angular displacement, peak power and peak frequency derived from angular velocity signals.RESULTS: Significant age-related differences were observed in RMS angular velocity, peak power and peak frequency ( 0.001). Specifically, the oldest age group had the slowest average speed, the lowest peak power and peak frequency. These results indicate deterioration in finger speed, intensity of the main movement component and tapping frequency due to aging.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the quantitative variables should be adjusted for age when clinicians assess Parkinsonian bradykinesia. The results contribute to the development of an accurate and quantitative assessment tool for bradykinesia.

Normal aging affects unconstrained three-dimensional reaching against gravity with reduced vertical precision and increased co-contraction: a pilot study.

Reaching for an object in space forms the basis for many activities of daily living and is important in rehabilitation after stroke and in other neurological and orthopedic conditions. It has been the object of motor control and neuroscience research for over a century, but studies often constrain movement to eliminate the effect of gravity or reduce the degrees of freedom. In some studies, aging has been shown to reduce target accuracy, with a mechanism suggested to be impaired corrective movements. We sought to explore how such changes in accuracy relate to changes in finger, shoulder and elbow movements during performance of reaching movements with the normal effects of gravity, unconstrained hand movement, and stable target locations. Three-dimensional kinematic data and electromyography were collected in 14 young (25 ± 6years) and 10 older adults (68 ± 3years) during second-long reaches to 3 targets aligned vertically in front of the participants. Older adults took longer to initiate a movement than the young adults and were more variable and inaccurate in their initial and final movements. Target height had greater effect on trajectory curvature variability in older than young adults, with angle variability relative to target position being greater in older adults around the time of peak speed. There were significant age-related differences in use of the multiple degrees of freedom of the upper extremity, with less variability in shoulder abduction in the older group. Muscle activation patterns were similar, except for a higher biceps-triceps co-contraction and tonic levels of some proximal muscle activation. These results show an age-related deficit in the motor planning and online correction of reaching movements against a predictable force (i.e., gravity) when it is not compensated by mechanical support.

Baseball-related ocular injuries in the United States: a 10-year analysis

ABSTRACT Background To analyze the incidence of baseball-related ocular injuries, mechanisms commonly associated with precipitating trauma, and secondary visual sequelae, and explore the age and sex-specific variations in the distributions of these variables. Methods Baseball-related ocular injuries presenting to the emergency department (ED) were identified using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for 2011 through 2020. Age, sex, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, visual sequela, and patient disposition were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results 558 ED presentations were captured, translating to an average national incidence of 1,492 events. The incidence of trauma declined notably. Most encounters involved pediatric (≤18) and male patients (82.6% and 87.6%, respectively). Patients commonly presented with contusions or abrasions (41.4%). Contact with the baseball was the most frequently mentioned mechanism of injury (87.6%). There was a significant age-related (P = 0.009) difference in the distributions of diagnoses. 7.3% of patients had a visual sequela. Conclusions There was a declining incidence of baseball-related ocular injuries presenting to the ED. However, the long-term complications of injuries could not be explored. Further efforts are required to understand the implications of ocular injuries to ensure patients receive appropriate protections.

Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes at Diagnosis Supports Existence of Age-Related Endotypes.

Previous findings suggest that there are age-related endotypes of type 1 diabetes with different underlying etiopathological mechanisms in those diagnosed at age <7 years compared with those diagnosed at age ≥13 years. We set out to explore whether variation in demographic, clinical, autoimmune, and genetic characteristics of children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes support the existence of these proposed endotypes. We used data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register to analyze characteristics of 6,015 children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between 2003 and 2019. We described and compared demographic data, clinical characteristics at diagnosis, autoantibody profiles, and HLA class II-associated disease risk between three groups formed based on age at diagnosis: <7, 7-12, and ≥13 years. We found significant age-related differences in most of the characteristics analyzed. Children diagnosed at age <7 years were characterized by a higher prevalence of affected first-degree relatives, stronger HLA-conferred disease susceptibility, and higher number of autoantibodies at diagnosis, in particular a higher frequency of insulin autoantibodies, when compared with older children. Those diagnosed at age ≥13 years had a considerably higher male preponderance, higher frequency of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, longer duration of symptoms before diagnosis, and more severe metabolic decompensation, reflected, for example, by a higher frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis. Our findings suggest that the heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes is associated with the underlying disease process and support the existence of distinct endotypes of type 1 diabetes related to age at diagnosis.

Age-related changes in protective arm reaction kinematics, kinetics, and neuromuscular activation during evoked forward falls.

Fall related injuries in older adults are a major healthcare concern. During a fall, the hands and arms play an important role in minimizing trauma from ground impact. Although older adults are able to orient the hands and arms into a protective orientation after falling and prior to ground impact, an inability to avoid increased body impact occurs with age. Previous investigations have generally studied rapid arm movements in the pre-impact phase or absorbing energy in the post-impact phase. There are no known studies that have directly examined both the pre-impact and post-impact phase in sequence in a forward fall. The aim of this study was to identify age-related biomechanical and neuromuscular changes in evoked arm reactions in response to forward falls that may increase fall injury risk. Fourteen younger and 15 older adults participated. Falls were simulated while standing with torso and legs restrained via a moving pendulum system from 4 different initial lean angles. While there was not a significant age-related difference in the amount of energy absorbed post-impact (p=0.68), older adults exhibited an 11% smaller maximum vertical ground reaction force when normalized to body weight (p=0.031), and 8 degrees less elbow extension at impact (p=0.045). A significant interaction between age and initial lean angle (p=0.024), indicated that older adults required 54%, 54%, 41%, and 57% greater elbow angular displacement after impact at the low, medium, medium-high, and high initial lean angles compared to younger adults. These results suggested older adults may be at greater risk of increased body impact due to increased elbow flexion angular displacement after impact when the hands and arms are able to contact the ground first. Both groups exhibited robust modulation to the initial lean angle with no observed age-related differences in the initial onset timing or amplitude of muscle activation levels. There were no significant age-related differences in the EMG timing, amplitude or co-activation of muscle activation preceding impact or following impact indicating comparable neuromotor response patterns between older and younger adults. These results suggest that aging changes in muscular elements may be more implicated in the observed differences than changes in neuromuscular capacity. Future work is needed to test the efficacy of different modalities (e.g. instruction, strength, power, perturbation training, fall landing techniques) aimed at reducing fall injury risk.

Relationship between Stature and Hand Parameters in Adults- An Autopsy Study

Introduction: Estimation of stature is important in the process of identifying unknown and co-mingled human remains in mass casualties and natural disasters. Forensic experts are asked by the investigating officer to help to identify the person from dismembered parts of the body and skeletal remains. Estimation of stature is based on a principle that every body part bears more or less a constant relationship with height of an individual. Literature have documented that the hand parameters can be successfully used for stature estimation. Aim: To determine the relevance of hand parameters in the estimation of stature and also to derive a regression formula for stature from the hand parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India, from June 2017 to June 2018. A total of 210 postmortem cases aged above 20 years were included in present study for the comparison of stature, hand length and hand breadth based on age were measured using standard methodology. Average of measurements of right and left hands were taken. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise height, hand breadth and hand length. Categorical and continuous variables were expressed as mean±SD. Correlation was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test and predictive equations obtained using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 210 included 157 males and 53 females, and maximum subjects (78,37.1%) belonged to the age group 41-60 years. Hand length and hand breadth showed significant correlation with stature in both males and females with a significant p-value &lt;0.01. Statistically significant age-related difference between the age groups 21-40 years, age 41-60 years was noted in stature, average hand length and hand breadth. The study variables like stature, hand length and hand breadth showed statistically significant higher values for males than females. It was observed that though both hand parameters showed positive correlation with stature, hand length was more predictive in both sexes. Regression equations for estimation of stature from hand length and breadth were derived for males, females and also for the total population irrespective of the gender in cases when only hand length or hand breadth is available and also when both hand length and breadth are available. Conclusion: From the data obtained it can be concluded that estimation of stature can be done with reasonable accuracy using hand parameters with hand length showing greater correlation with stature than hand breadth in both sexes. Though statistically significant, the correlation coefficient for females was considerably less using both hand parameters.

Mathematical postprocessing analysis of contrast-enhanced computed tomography data of the kidneys in evaluation of split renal function in patients with kidney stone disease

Introduction. An original research work was performed to assess split kidney function by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with mathematical analysis of the kidneys computed tomography (CT) data in patients with kidney stone disease (KSD). Objective was to evaluate the GFR and the parenchyma structure of each kidney and identify the possible patterns of contrast medium intrarenal transport with mathematical analysis of the kidneys CT data in patients with KSD.Materials and methods. Data of 27 patients of both genders with KSD were retrospectively analyzed. To evaluate GFR separately for each kidney we analyzed the data of contrast-enhanced CT (GFR reference values are 0.55 % of contrast medium per second). Inclusion criteria are as follows: 1) newly diagnosed SKD; 2) stone size ≤1,5-2,0 cm, no obstruction of the urine flow registered; 3) no kidney or upper urinary tract surgical history; 4) age - ≤45 years; 5) no severe chronic diseases. All of these allowed to minimize influence of any other disorders on split renal function except for SKD and conduct per se research.Results. The mathematic analysis of the contrast-enhanced CT data revealed GFR changes in 26 (96.3 %) out of 27 patients. Hyperfiltration was found in 12 (44.4 %) patients: right kidney GFR - 0.6-0.77 %, mean value - 0.65 %; left kidney GFR - 0.59-0.79 %, mean value - 0.67 %. Hypofiltration was found in 13 (48.1 %) patients: right kidney GFR - 0.2-0.54 %, mean value - 0.37 %; left kidney GFR - 0.2-0.53 %, mean value - 0.4 %. The GFR values significantly differed between the groups both for the right (p = 0.000014) and left (p = 0.000045) kidneys. We found no significant age-related difference between the groups (p = 0.895). As well as that no significant differences in Resistance Index both in magistral (right kidney: p = 0.221; left kidney: p = 0.850) and segmental (right kidney: p = 0.306; left kidney: p = 0.957) arteries between the groups with hyperfiltration and hypofiltration were observed. One patient demonstrated no changes in GFR, and the other one had hyperfiltration (0,62 %) in one kidney and hypofiltration (0,48 %) in another.Conclusion. Most of the patients (92.6 %) with SKD demonstrate GFR changes (either hyperfiltration or hypofiltration) that may indicate the disturbed intrarenal blood and urine flow through the kidney.

Perceptual-cognitive performance of youth soccer players in a 360°-environment – Differences between age groups and performance levels

IntroductionAn important requirement for soccer players is the accurate and rapid processing of dynamic and complex visual scenes. Therefore, in high-level youth soccer the players’ perceptual-cognitive skills are highly relevant from a scientific and practical point of view. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in perceptual-cognitive performance between youth soccer players of different age groups and soccer performance levels in a dynamic 360°-environment. MethodsIn a sample of 292 elite and sub-elite youth soccer players from the age groups U12–U23, perceptual-cognitive skills were assessed using a 360°-multiple object tracking task. An 8 × 2 (age group x performance level) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine the effects of age group and soccer performance level on performance in the task. ResultsThe analyses revealed a significant main effect of age group. Post hoc analyses showed that youth players belonging to the older age groups (U16, U17, U19, and U23) performed significantly better in the 360°-multiple object tracking task than players of the youngest age group (U12). Yet no significant age-related differences could be found from age group U16 on. Furthermore, there was a significant effect of soccer performance level on the 360°-multiple object tracking performance in favor of the elite players. Significant differences between elite and sub-elite players within the same age group were only present in the highest age groups U19 and U23. ConclusionsThe results suggest that in a dynamic 360°-environment highly talented youth soccer players show better perceptual-cognitive performance with increasing age. Furthermore, elite youth players exhibit distinctive perceptual-cognitive abilities particularly at the highest age groups. These findings provide interesting implications for science and practice regarding the perceptual-cognitive skills of talented soccer players and their role in talent development.

Development of eye-hand coordination in typically developing children and adolescents assessed using a reach-to-grasp sequencing task.

Eye-hand coordination is required to accurately perform daily activities that involve reaching, grasping and manipulating objects. Studies using aiming, grasping or sequencing tasks have shown a stereotypical temporal coupling pattern where the eyes are directed to the object in advance of the hand movement, which may facilitate the planning and execution required for reaching. While the temporal coordination between the ocular and manual systems has been extensively investigated in adults, relatively little is known about the typical development of eye-hand coordination. Therefore, the current study addressed an important knowledge gap by characterizing the profile of eye-hand coupling in typically developing school-age children (n=57) and in a cohort of adults (n=30). Eye and hand movements were recorded concurrently during the performance of a bead threading task which consists of four distinct movements: reach to bead, grasp, reach to needle, and thread. Results showed a moderate to high correlation between eye and hand latencies in children and adults, supporting that both movements were planned in parallel. Eye and reach latencies, latency differences, and dwell time during grasping and threading, showed significant age-related differences, suggesting eye-hand coupling becomes more efficient in adolescence. Furthermore, visual acuity, stereoacuity and accommodative facility were also found to be associated with the efficiency of eye-hand coordination in children. Results from this study can serve as reference values when examining eye and hand movement during the performance of fine motor skills in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Locus Coeruleus magnetic resonance imaging in cognitively intact elderly subjects

The locus coeruleus is the main noradrenergic nucleus of the brain and is often affected in neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging with specific T1-weighted sequences for neuromelanin has been used to evaluate locus coeruleus integrity in patients with these conditions. In some of these studies, abnormalities in locus coeruleus signal have also been found in healthy controls and related to ageing. However, this would be at variance with recent post-mortem studies showing that the nucleus is not affected during normal ageing. The present study aimed at evaluating locus coeruleus features in a well-defined cohort of cognitively healthy subjects who remained cognitively intact on a one-year follow-up. An ad-hoc semiautomatic analysis of locus coeruleus magnetic resonance was applied. Sixty-two cognitively intact subjects aged 60–80 years, without significant comorbidities, underwent 3 T magnetic resonance with specific sequences for locus coeruleus. A semi-automatic tool was used to estimate the number of voxels belonging to locus coeruleus and its intensity was obtained for each subject. Each subject underwent extensive neuropsychological testing at baseline and 12 months after magnetic resonance scan. Based on neuropsychological testing 53 subjects were cognitively normal at baseline and follow up. No significant age-related differences in locus coeruleus parameters were found in this cohort. In line with recent post-mortem studies, our in vivo study confirms that locus coeruleus magnetic resonance features are not statistically significantly affected by age between 60 and 80 years, the age range usually evaluated in studies on neurodegenerative diseases. A significant alteration of locus coeruleus features in a cognitively intact elderly subject might be an early sign of pathology.

Phase 1b Study of Carfilzomib in Combination with Induction Chemotherapy in Children with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Phase 1b Study of Carfilzomib in Combination with Induction Chemotherapy in Children with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Arthroscopic Findings in Recurrent Shoulder Instability: Gender and Age-Related Differences of Anteroinferior Labrum Injuries

Aim: Recurrent shoulder instability results in marked disability and affects mainly a young population. However, the gender and age-related differences in labral injuries have been underreported. The aim of our study is to evaluate the arthroscopic spectrum of anteroinferior labrum pathology in recurrent shoulder instability, and assess the gender and age-related differences. Method: This was a study of 201 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation for recurrent shoulder instability. Patients were divided into two age groups. Group 1: under 35 years old, included 152 patients, mean age of 26.3 for both sex, and Group 2: over 35 years old, included 49 patients, mean age 42.2 for male and 47.6 for female patients. The gender and age-related differences of arthroscopic findings between the two age groups and overall gender differences were evaluated. Results: Female patients had significantly less antero-inferior labrum lesions (85.7% vs 96.2%, p < 0.011) and more isolated capsule-ligamentous laxity (11.9% vs 1.8%, p < 0.003), than male patients. When analysing the three subtypes of labrum injuries, female patients were found to have significantly less Bankart lesions than male patients (15.4% vs 36.5%, p < 0.037). Both male and female patients in Group 2, had significantly more ALPSA lesions (51% vs 31%, p < 0.0178), and less combined Bankart & Perthes lesions (40.8% vs 63.8%, p < 0.008), than Group 1. Conclusion: This study showed significant gender and age-related differences of anteroinferior capsule-labral complex injuries in chronic shoulder instability. We believe that increased awareness of the different pattern of injuries in female and older patients will be helpful in pre-operative planning and the implementation of the appropriate surgical management.

Age peculiarities of the cardiovascular system and blood microcirculation in students under the influence of dosed physical training

We investigated the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system and blood microcirculation in 18–21-year-old students under the influence of dosed physical training. It was shown that there are significant age-related differences in the indicators of the cardiovascular system function at rest. By the 21-th year the majority of the studied parameters have reached the level characteristic of adult young men. After dosed phys-ical training the indices of the cardiovascular system function increased to a greater or lesser extent, and the greatest increase was observed in 21-year-old students. In younger age groups the changes were less effective, which characterizes the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system depending on age. A marker indicator of the blood microcirculation system functioning — a microcirculation parameter that determines the direction of the microcirculation response to a dosed physical training — has been identified. It was found that among students of the 1st subgroup (low level of the microcirculation parameter) after physical activity it increased, and among students of the 2nd subgroup (high level of the microcirculation parameter) it mainly decreased, which characterizes the inclusion of various regulatory mechanisms in the blood microcirculation system. A decrease in the index of microcirculation efficiency under the influence of physical training was shown (the most significant in younger students). Such features can be explained by the lack of development of compen-satory reactions in the microcirculation system.

Age-Related Chromosomal Aberrations in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Background: In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), where the mean age of diagnosis is 70, it has been demonstrated that certain chromosomal and genetic aberrations are known to increase with advancing age. Additionally, younger patients (pts) with DLBCL have aberrations associated with a better prognosis. Our study aims to determine if there are other genetic aberrations associated with DLBCL based on age.Methods: The National Cancer Institute's Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions was used to identify pts with DLBCL. Pts with DLBCL chromosomal aberration analysis results were divided into 4 groups based on age (0-30, 31-50, 51-70, >71) and examined by chi square analysis for trend. Mantel-Cox log-rank test was used for survival analysis. All p-values were two sided and a value of less than 0.05 was used for significance.Results: 1004 DLBCL pts were identified, 541 men and 459 women (1.179 male to female) with a median age (ma) of 61. These pts were divided into four categories: <30 (102), 31-50 (171), 51-70 (488), >71(242). 7 aberrations were found to have significant age-related differences within this population: Trisomy 19p13 (ma 72, p=0.0021), polysomy 18 (ma 66, p=0.0418), t8;14 (ma 54, p=0.0003), t11;14 (ma 69.5, p=0.0185), t2;3(ma 50.5, p=0.001), t2;5(ma 10.5 p=0.0001), and t14;18(ma 65, p=0.0003). Each translocation localized to a specific age category, most in middle age. t2;5 translocations were exclusively increased in pts under 18. Survival differences were non-significant (p=0.1459) between these aberrations, with an average overall survival of 14 months. 19p13 addition had the shortest median survival (7 months), while the t(2;3) translocation was associated with the longest survival (20 months).Conclusions: Genetic aberrations in DLBCL were associated with significant age-related accumulations. This suggests that pts who develop DLBCL are more likely to accumulate different translocations depending on their age at the time of DLBCL development. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Proteomic Characterization of Senescent Laryngeal Adductor and Plantaris Hindlimb Muscles.

The goals of this study were to 1) compare global protein expression in muscles of the larynx and hindlimb and 2) investigate differences in protein expression between aged and nonaged muscle using label-free global proteomic profiling methods. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed on thyroarytenoid intrinsic laryngeal muscle and plantaris hindlimb muscle from 10 F344xBN F1 male rats (5 old and 5 young). Protein expression was compared and pathway enrichment analysis performed for each muscle type (larynx and limb) and age group (old and young muscle). Over 1,000 proteins were identified in common across both muscle types and age groups using LC-MS/MS analysis. Significant age-related differences were seen across 107 proteins in plantaris hindlimb and in 19 proteins in thyroarytenoid laryngeal muscle. Bioinformatic and enrichment analysis demonstrated protein differences between the hindlimb and larynx may relate to immune and stress redox responses and RNA repair. There are clear differences in protein expressions between the laryngeal and hindlimb skeletal muscles. Initial analysis suggests differences between the two muscle groups may relate to stress responses and repair mechanisms. Age-related changes in the thyroarytenoid appear to be less obvious than in the plantaris. Further in-depth study is needed to elucidate how aging affects protein expression in the laryngeal muscles. NA Laryngoscope, 132:148-155, 2022.