Significance Of Citizenship Research Articles

Ekstradycja obywatela w świetle Konstytucji RP i wybranych umów międzynarodowych

The article deals with the issue of extradition of a Polish citizen in the light of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and selected international agreements as well as the nature, scope and significance of citizenship in correlation with a potential extradition. It presents the methods of presenting the issue of citizenship of the person covered by the application for the issuance by the constitutional norms of selected states and regulating the extradition turnover of representative international agreements. The aim of the article is to analyze binding norms in the scope of the indicated issues, both those which qualify citizenship as an obligatory obstacle to extradition and those which give it an optional character. As part of the work, the research methods traditionally used in legal sciences were used, namely the formal-dogmatic metod, the comparative metod and the historical-legal metod.

The (in)significance of citizenship in white British citizens’ narratives of national belonging

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the relationship between citizenship and belonging through empirical analysis of citizens’ narratives. Specifically, through analysis of interview narratives produced with twenty-six white British citizens, the paper explores whether/how citizenship is recognised as a basis for national membership by those for whom citizenship and national belonging are largely taken for granted. In doing so, the paper sheds new light on the meaning and significance of citizenship within informal economies of national belonging and draws critical attention to the role of discursive recognition in sustaining hierarchies of belonging. The paper finds that formal status has limited significance as a practical marker of belonging and that, even where citizenship is constructed as significant, its significance is often undermined. It concludes that citizenship on its own is insufficient to guarantee substantive national belonging in the sense of being recognised and included as belonging to a national community and does not necessarily legitimise more ambiguous claims to national belonging.

Impact of Citizenship and Immigration Law on National Security of Nepal

The citizenship and immigration laws are regarded as the foundational units to assure the security of citizens and also to serve the national integrity. This article discusses about the impact of Nepali citizenship and immigration law on national security of Nepal. What may be the significance of citizenship and immigration law of a nation in an increasingly global society? Has Nepal considered immigration as a threat to security by focusing on societal, economic, internal and public security? In order to elaborate the issues of human security in Nepal from the perspectives of citizenship realm and trends of immigration, it is necessary to investigate the provisions of citizenship provided in the constitution as well as the laws that oversee the effect of immigration on the socio-cultural, political and economic demographics of Nepal. Importance of strong citizenship laws proliferate continuously from dual and transitional citizenship in the context of globalization. Considering the geopolitical location of Nepal and its vulnerability to the possible threats, Nepal’s citizenship and immigration laws have always been the integral part of debate and discussion among the politicians, intellectuals and general public. The development of national security of any country is dependent upon the quality of dignity, liberty and protection ensured to its citizens by the state. So, the economic, social and political rights should be granted to the citizens in equal manner through citizenship while guarding against pretentious foreign interests. Nepal needs to have strong citizenship and immigration laws to sustain its territorial integrity and protect national interests.

Гражданско-патриотическая идентичность студенческой молодежи

Described are some of the key parameters of civil-patriotic identity of student youth. The empirical basis of the study was data of questionnaire survey of students, studying at higher educational institutions of Tyumen on a full-time basis. The survey was conducted by questionnaire method (n = 594), the sample was formed through spontaneous selection of respondents. Three groups of young people were identified, depending on their patriotic self-identification, i.e. “patriots”, “non-patriots” and “vacillating”. Patriotic aspect of self-identification correlates with civic and other forms of social identity, as well as some elements of civic subjectivity. Comparative analysis of selected groups was carried out, according to different indicators of civic orientations and identifications, in particular, subjective significance of citizenship, need to contribute to well-being of the country, degree of interest in history of Russia, emotional connection with symbols of the country, active civic attitudes. The analysis of empirical data also made it possible to identify statistical relationship between self-identification as patriots and communities of different sizes. The conclusion is made about intersection of patriotic and civil identity in terms of civil obligations, responsibility, as well as implementation of symbolic civil actions. In contrast, attitudes associated with critical citizenship are weakly associated with identification of modern students as patriots.

Weighing Lives in War: How National Identity Influences American Public Opinion about Foreign Civilian and Compatriot Fatalities

AbstractThis article explores how the American public weighs tradeoffs between foreign and compatriot fatalities during war. This focus provides an important window into the meaning and significance of citizenship and national identity and, in turn, the most fateful consequences of inclusion and exclusion in the international context. To examine these attitudes, we conducted an original survey experiment asking subjects to consider a fictional US military operation in Afghanistan. We find that: (1) Americans are significantly more willing to accept the collateral deaths of foreign civilians as compared to American civilians in operations aiming to destroy important military targets; (2) Americans are less willing to risk the lives of American soldiers to minimize collateral harm to foreign civilians as compared to American civilians; (3) Americans who express relatively more favorable views of the United States compared to other nations are more willing to accept foreign collateral deaths in US military operations; and (4) Americans are more willing to accept Afghan civilian collateral deaths than those of citizens from a neutral state, such as India. Many Americans recognize that placing a much higher value on compatriot lives over foreign lives is morally problematic, but choose to do so anyway.

Negotiation of Identity in Transnational Contexts. The Case of Romanian Temporary Workers in Italy

<p>This paper1 looks at migrants’ negotiation of identity in transnational contexts. Intra-EU migration has brought about changes in the nature and significance of citizenship, social relations and symbolic ties in communities. The transnational interconnectivity between homeland communities and the diaspora poses a challenge to discourses of national belonging. Under current deterritorialized experiences and technological advances, the simultaneous incorporation of migrants within and across national entities sees the advent of plural representations of identity and national societies. In our analysis of interviews carried with Romanians working in Italy we started from the assumption that temporary workforce migration is a specific type of transnational context, which generates new cultural practices and requires migrants to define ways of belonging towards the host and home countries and to negotiate identitarian attributes. Our hypothesis is that in this transnational context the migrants do not employ attributes of essentialist identity in routine discourses about themselves, but rather strategically mobilize these attributes in order to justify the dynamics of belonging to home or host countries.</p>

Introduction: The Puzzle of Incorporation and Solidarity

Multiculturalism is often vilified and misconstrued, and a multicultural backlash is evident. This special section attempts to move beyond the polemics by offering sociological insights into the current impact of multiculturalism and the challenges this mode of incorporation faces in addressing religious and racial diversity. This introduction sketches efforts aimed at offering distinctly sociological analyses of multiculturalism, in contrast to more normative philosophical accounts. It then offers brief overviews of the three substantive articles that follow: Irene Bloemraad on the significance of citizenship for multiculturalism; Rhys Williams on religious diversity; and Douglas Hartmann on the racial divide.

From nations of immigrants to states of transience: Temporary migration in Canada and Australia

This article analyzes temporary migration schemes in Canada and Australia. Unlike the bulk of affluent states, both countries eschewed guestworker programs for most of the twentieth century, embracing migrants as permanent settlers and future citizens. Acting within neoliberal templates of government, political officials have recently promoted temporary migration as a mechanism of labor market regulation. While valorized workers are extended opportunities to transition to permanent status, for less-skilled workers state-imposed legal categories and regulations are being employed to attenuate attachment to the receiving society and heighten their flexibility and tractability. This research argues such trends embody and extend transformations concerning the restructuring and globalization of labor markets, the regulatory profile of states, and nature and significance of citizenship.

Retreat from multiculturalism: community cohesion, civic integration and the disciplinary politics of gender

AbstractThe intersections of gender, religion and migration status have attracted only limited commentary to date. The significance of migration status as a marker of gender inequality, and one that further increases the burden of intersecting axes of discrimination, requires further scrutiny. This article examines the rise of civic integration requirements within the European Union and the significance of this rise for religious freedoms and complex ideals of gender equality. Particular attention is given to recent developments in the UK and France in the context of wider debates on immigration and integration policies. Against the background of diminishing sovereignty and the expansion of rights to non-citizens, states are rethinking the significance of citizenship and migration status and the criteria to be applied in determining membership and access to the nation-state. The adoption in France of the Charte des Droits et des Devoirs du Citoyen Français marks a further step in the expansion of integration conditions imposed by states, and signals a continuing willingness to deploy juridical forms to enforce such conditions. Of particular concern to this Special Issue are the implications of civic integration requirements for migrant religious women and for feminist engagement with migration laws and the discourse of rights.

Family Protection and Deportations or Removals

Abstract Deportations or removals of persons, who have spent a certain period in Australia have tremendous impacts and consequences on their lives and most likely on the ones of their families as well. Therefore it is worth assessing how significant family related aspects are taken in the administrative decision-making process concerning deportations or removals. The essay starts with a description of the domestic legal framework, to evaluate conditions under which such measures are legitimate. An overview on family protection in Australia presents the different sources of human rights together with its content and scope. More specifically the notion of family life for the assessment of the legality of deportations or removals is scrutinised by examining the compliance with international treaty obligations as well as the significance of citizenship. Finally, two relevant Directions (D) of the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship are assessed in the context of sufficient safeguards for family life.

The Citizen in Penal Law

This paper considers the significance of citizenship in all aspects of penal law (substantive criminal law, criminal procedure, punishment execution), with particular attention to the so-called War on Terror. It concludes that the concept of citizenship can play a useful, though not necessarily a central, role in a descriptive account of penal practice. By contrast, it contributes nothing to a normative theory of criminal law, being either empty, as a proxy for personhood, or pernicious, as a proxy for insiderhood.

Citizenship, Ethnicity, Gender, and Mobilization

Citizenship, Ethnicity, Gender, and Mobilization María Teresa Fernández Aceves (bio) Jocelyn Olcott . Revolutionary Women in Postrevolutionary Mexico. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. ix + 337 pp.; ill. ISBN 0-8223-3653-7 (cl); 0-8223-3665-0 (pb). Shannon Speed, R. Aída Hernández Castillo, and Lynn M. Stephen, eds. Dissident Women: Gender and Cultural Politics in Chiapas. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006. xxiv + 280 pp.; ill. ISBN 978-0-292-71417 (cl); 978-292-714440-3 (pb). Susan Berger . Guatemaltecas: The Women's Movement, 1986–2003. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006. 157 pp. ISBN 0-292-70944-7 (cl); 0-292-71253-7 (pb). Elaine Carey . Plaza of Sacrifices: Gender, Power, and Terror in 1968 Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005. xvii + 254 pp.; ill. ISBN 0-8263-3544-6 (cl); 0-8263-3545-4 (pb). The recent expansion of scholarship on women's mobilization in Mexico and Latin America has revealed a neglected history of female activism, as it has incorporated a gender perspective and new ways of thinking about politics, social movements, social and political change, citizenship, feminism, ethnicity, the rise and fall of the Corporatist State, and how neoliberal policies and globalization have been challenged and resisted. The four works under review tackle complex relations among class, gender, identity, ethnicity, generation, and state policies in the history of Latin American politics. Studies of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1917) and the postrevolutionary process of state formation (1917–1940) have shown that popular sectors gained political voice and space through the process and influenced the policies and forms of the new state, while at the same time being integrated into it within new frameworks of domination. Analyzing mainly the roles of peasants and workers, this literature has not truly examined women's politics in the Mexican Revolution, a topic that new scholarship addresses. Jocelyn Olcott's Revolutionary Women in Postrevolutionary Mexico exemplifies this growing historiography. Olcott examines women's political involvement after the Mexican Revolution of 1910 by combining rich [End Page 162] detailed archival information with sophisticated theoretical discussion about citizenship, politics, power, negotiation, and everyday life. Olcott gives especial attention to what happened with organized progressive and radical women during the rise and development of Cardenismo (1928–1940) in three different regions—La Comarca Lagunera, Michoacán, and Yucatán—where the Communist Party organized peasant and labor women's leagues. Olcott refers to Cardenismo as a "revolutionary" regime, with traditional and paternalist political and gender policies that promoted socialist education, land redistribution, and labor reform by recognizing the collective rights of disenfranchised groups—peasants, workers, and women. The national Cardenista project flourished during the pinnacle of Mexico's Popular Front. Olcott contextualizes and contrasts these cases with the expansion of women's movements and the campaigns for female suffrage in Mexico during the 1910s and 1930s. She contends that progressive and radical women became central actors in the mobilizations of the 1930s and in the consolidation of postrevolutionary Mexico because they sought "to make the revolution meaningful for ordinary Mexicans" by claiming revolutionary citizenship (3). Olcott particularly opens up scholarly debates on the meaning and significance of citizenship by reconstructing local cases and contrasting this data with theoretical discussions. She points out that between 1917 and 1934, the characteristics of revolutionary citizenship experienced important transformations and setbacks and two questions dominated the meanings and qualifications for citizenship: "what is the proper balance between the rights and the obligations of citizenship, and to what extent is citizenship a status versus a practice" (4). This book argues that men and women "experienced revolutionary citizenship as contingent, inhabited, and gendered" in accordance with local, regional, and national processes and transformations (6). Olcott argues that Mexican activists used three contrasting forms of citizenship—a liberal rhetoric of suffrage, traditional practices of patronage, and revolutionary promises of popular mobilization—to obtain certain benefits. Olcott affirms that Mexican women's mobilization followed patterns similar to the regional processes of revolutionary state formation. Incipient feminist associations and congresses also debated how to define citizenship from a gender perspective: "Should they strive to create a place for the citizen-mother, or should they highlight women's...

George I. Sánchez, Ideology, and Whiteness in the Making of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement, 1930-1960

Let us keep in mind that the Mexican-American can easily become the front-line of defense of the civil liberties of ethnic minorities. The racial, cultural, and historical involvements in his case embrace those of all of the other minority groups. Yet, God bless the law, he is white! So, the Mexican-American can be the wedge for the broadening of civil liberties for others (who are not so fortunate as to be white and Christian!). George I. Sanchez (1958) By embracing whiteness, Americans have reinforced the color line that has denied people of African descent full participation in American democracy. In pursuing White rights, Americans combined Latin American racialism with Anglo racism, and in the process separated themselves and their political agenda from the Black civil rights struggles of the forties and fifties. Neil Foley (1998) (1) THE HISTORY OF RACE AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH IS complex and exciting. The history of American civil rights is also promising, particularly so in regard to understanding the role of whiteness. Both selections above, the first from a American intellectual of the mid-twentieth century and the last a recently published statement from a historian of race and identity, are nominally about whiteness. But the historical actor and the historian discuss whiteness differently. The quotation from the 1950s advocates exploiting legal whiteness to obtain civil rights for both Americans and other minority groups. The one from the 1990s views such a strategy as inherently racist. The historical figure writes of Americans and African Americans cooperating in the pursuit of shared civil rights goals; the historian writes of the absence, the impossibility of cooperation due to American whiteness. This contrast is worth further consideration. This essay examines the American civil rights movement by focusing on the work and ideas of George I. Sanchez--a prominent activist and professor of education at the University of Texas--in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Sanchez is the most significant intellectual of what is commonly referred to as the Mexican American Generation of activists during this period. As a national president of the major American civil rights organization of the era, however, Sanchez's political influence within the American community was just as important as his intellectual leadership. Sanchez pondered notions of whiteness and actively employed them, offering an excellent case study of the making of American civil rights. (2) First, this work examines how Sanchez's civil rights efforts were vitally informed by an ideological perspective that supported gradual, integrationist, liberal reform, a stance that grew out of his activist research on African Americans in the South, Americans in the Southwest, and Latin Americans in Mexico and Venezuela. This New Deal ideological inheritance shaped Sanchez's contention that Americans were one minority group among many needing governmental assistance. Second, this liberal ideology gave rise to a nettlesome citizenship dilemma. During the Great Depression and World War II, Americans' strategic emphasis on American citizenship rhetorically placed them shoulder-to-shoulder with other U.S. minority groups. It also marginalized immigrant Mexicans. The significance of citizenship was controversial within the American community and coincided with the emergence of an aggressive phase of Americans' civil rights litigation that implemented a legal strategy based on their whiteness. Third, Sanchez's correspondence with Thurgood Marshall of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in the 1940s and 1950s reveals early, fragmentary connections between the American and African American civil rights movements. All these topics address important interpretive debates about the role of whiteness. …

Citizenship in a Federal System

This paper explores the ways in which citizenships are defined and regulated in federations. After introducing the subject by describing the debate over the meaning of national and sub-national sovereignties in an age of globalism, the paper discusses the internal, centripetal forces that may impel nation-states to federalize power, devolving it downward to sub-national units and thereby altering the nature and significance of citizenship. It next develops the political, constitutional, sociological, and psychological meanings of citizenship and the policy instruments through which different polities may instantiate these meanings, including federalism. The paper then analyzes how federalism affects citizenship by focusing on four aspects of a federation that shape citizenship's meaning in that polity: (1) the polity's historical and political origins; (2) its social diversity; (3) its distribution of powers between the national and sub-national levels, and among the latter; and (4) the rights and duties it accords to citizens of each level. This analysis draws on the federal systems in Australia, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the U.S., and, to a lesser extent, Belgium. The paper concludes by reporting on the recent, unexpected renaissance of America's dual sovereignty form of federalism.

The Meaning and Significance of Citizenship in a Transnational World: Implications for Public Administration

What are the meaning and significance of national citizenship in an increasingly global society? That question is not easily answered, but the clear implication is that the world as we know it in the late 20th Century may have made national citizenship less meaningful, significant, and useful as a category within which to understand one’s public obligations, both as a citizen and as an employee of the citizenry. In this paper, we explore the question of national citizenship because the world in which we live seems to transcend the boundaries of the nation-state with ever-increasing speed and pervasiveness. We define legal and ethical citizenship and review the general arguments against national citizenship as a meaningful and significant concept and role. We proceed to consider positive proposals for alternative postnational constructs and discuss the implications of a transnational view of citizenship for public administrators and public administrative ethics.