Anthropological Significance Research Articles

Aspects of the dynamics of delusions

Delusion ist the outcome of psychotic experience, but can also be seen as a structure of meaning with patterns of mental and anthropological significance of its own. In schizophrenic delusion, there is some 'effort after meaning' manifest, compensating for psychotic disintegration. In the light of generative linguistics, there seems creating of delusional ideas to be performed in separated steps, but contextually linked to integrate them into a holistic delusional view of reality. Subjective evidence of delusional thinking is analyzed on the basis of semantic logics.

Serum protein polymorphism in Bali (Indonesia).

Serum samples from Bali, obtained in three different ethnic groups and in one isolated village were tested by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis for Gc, Pi, Tf and Hp subtyping. In addition to the three common alleles Gc1F, Gc1S and Gc2, two variants Gc1A1 and Gc1A8 were observed. In the Pi system, five alleles were present: PiM1, PiM2, PiM3, PiM4 and PiX. The Tf variability was exceptional with the presence of eight alleles: TfB1, TfC1, TfC2, TfC3, TfC4, TfC8, TfD1 and TfDchi. For Hp, there were two common alleles Hp1S and Hp1FS and two rare ones: Hp1F and Hp2SS. As expected, the genetic polymorphism is reduced in the isolated community. The anthropological significance of these genetic data is discussed.

On the distribution of some genetic markers in Indian caste and tribal populations

The Tf and Gc subtype and Gm and Km allotype gene frequencies reported so far on Indian caste and tribal populations are reviewed and discussed with reference to the anthropological significance of their regional and ethnic variations.

Lewensgehalte — 'n moontlike volkekundige benadering

Abstract Quality of life — a possible anthropological approach. Evaluation of quality of life in terms of the satisfaction derived from culture as man's device for the fulfilment of his needs and expectations is a valid field of study for anthropology. This perspective implies a comprehensive approach in which all aspects of culture are relevant as constituents of quality of life. Its significance for anthropology lies in its focus on the universal disparity between cultural purpose and achievement, leading either to unresolved dissatisfaction or to culture change or to the application of a bridging mechanism. The fact that evaluation of quality of life implies a value judgement raises the problem of cultural relativity, which becomes immediately relevant when findings on quality of life serve as guidelines for change. A possible solution may be found in universal values, about which common agreement has, however, not yet been reached. There is need for greater clarity about the concept life, especially i...

Human Dental Remains From Early Neolithic Levels at Mehrgarh, Baluchistan

Previous articleNext article No AccessResearch ConclusionsHuman Dental Remains From Early Neolithic Levels at Mehrgarh, BaluchistanJohn R. LukacsJohn R. Lukacs Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Current Anthropology Volume 24, Number 3Jun., 1983 Sponsored by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/203015 Views: 4Total views on this site Citations: 13Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1983 The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological ResearchPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Sujitha P, R. Bhavyaa, Muthu M S, Latha Nirmal, Sneha S. Patil Crown dimensions of primary teeth—A systematic review and meta‐analysis, Journal of Forensic Sciences 67, no.44 (Mar 2022): 1348–1356.https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15015Hameem Bin Hameed, Yousaf Ali, Amin Ullah Khan Regional Development through Tourism in Balochistan under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Journal of China Tourism Research 18, no.11 (Jul 2020): 1–19.https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1787910Bahata A. Mukhopadhyay Metal-smithy, Bead-making, Jeweler’s weight, Trade-permit, Tax-stamp: Indus Script’s Semasiography Partly Decoded, SSRN Electronic Journal 2 (Jan 2021).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3778943Bahata Ansumali Ancient Tax Tokens, Trade Licenses and Metrological Records?: Making Sense of Indus Inscribed Objects Through Script-Internal, Contextual, Linguistic, and Ethnohistorical Lenses., SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3189473Kenneth A.R. Kennedy Paleoanthropology of South Asia, Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 8, no.55 (Jan 1999): 165–185.https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1999)8:5<165::AID-EVAN5>3.0.CO;2-0Kurt W. Alt, C. Loring Brace, Jens C. Türp The History of Dental Anthropology, (Jan 1998): 15–39.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7496-8_3John R. Lukacs Dental paleopathology and agricultural intensification in South Asia: New evidence from Bronze Age Harappa, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 87, no.22 (Feb 1992): 133–150.https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330870202Kenneth A. R. Kennedy Skeletons in the Closet: Recent Recovery of Lost Human Remains from Iron Age Raigir, Andhra Pradesh, South Asian Studies 6, no.11 (Jan 1990): 201–226.https://doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1990.9628412Roberto Macchiarelli Prehistoric “fish-eaters” along the eastern Arabian coasts: Dental variation, morphology, and oral health in the Ra's al-Hamra community (Qurum, Sultanate of Oman, 5th-4th millennia BC), American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78, no.44 (Apr 1989): 575–594.https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330780411C. Loring Brace, Karen R. Rosenberg, Kevin D. Hunt GRADUAL CHANGE IN HUMAN TOOTH SIZE IN THE LATE PLEISTOCENE AND POST-PLEISTOCENE, Evolution 41, no.44 (May 2017): 705–720.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05847.xKenneth A. R. Kennedy, Siran U. Deraniyagala, William J. Roertgen, John Chiment, Todd Disotell Upper pleistocene fossil hominids from Sri Lanka, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 72, no.44 (Apr 1987): 441–461.https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330720405Kenneth A. R. Kennedy, John Chiment, Todd Disotell, David Meyers Principal-components analysis of prehistoric South Asian crania, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 64, no.22 (Jun 1984): 105–118.https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330640203John R. Lukacs Dental Anthropology of South Asian Populations: A Review, (Jan 1984): 133–157.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5001-7_7

The interpretation of frequency adjectives

What I have attempted to show in the foregoing is that: (1) For any frequency adjective f, there is an element of meaning common to both the adverbial and the generic usage of f; this is a function f′ from propositions to truth-values such that f′(Φ)′ is true at an interval i iff Φ′ is true at subintervals of i distributed through i in a certain way. (2) In an adverbial use of f, f′ functions like the corresponding frequency adverb. (3) In a generic use of f, f′ quantifies the times intervals which a specified object is realized by some stage. (4) In their adverbial usage, frequency adjectives are not regular attributive adjectives at the level at which interpretation takes place, but are perhaps determiners. And (5) in their generic usage, frequency adjectives are adjectives at the level at which interpretation takes place. More generally, I hope to have suggested something of the range of uses to which frequency is put in natural language. That we effortlessly grasp what is meants by Monday, the Columbus Dispatch, autumn, the Today Show, and so on, demonstrates our fluency in interpreting certain sequences of objects, events, or states of affairs as sequences of values of some function cycling on a time-axis. Much more must ultimately be told about the psychological and anthropological significance of frequency.

A Marxist Reappraisal of the Matriarchate [and Comments and Reply

The question of the matriarchate remains unresolved nearly 120 years after its introduction by Bachofen. The idea has separate histories in idealist and materialist thought and in non-Marxist and Marxist science. The origin of the matriarchate-the claim that the maternal clan or descent in the female line was a general stage in culture history which preceded paternal descent and authority-lies in the idealist thinking of Bachofen and McLennan. Morgan and Engels accepted the idea and infused it with a materialist interpretation. The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State presents a materialist analysis of the history of human society, the general outlines of which have been validated by subsequent ethnological studies. Criticism of Engels for his acceptance of the priority of matrilineal descent has prevented a more general acceptance in the West of The Origin of the Family as a work of anthropological significance. There is evidence to suggest that Marx and Engels differed in their evaluations of Bachofen and Morgan, and Marx appears not to have been an advocate of the thesis of the matriarchal epoch. Anthropological scholarship in the West in this century has led many to the conclusion that matrilineality is a case of specific rather that general evolution. The question is currently under review in scholarly circles in the socialist countries, long believed in the West to be doctrinaire in their interpretation of Marx, Engels, and Morgan. A number of controversial questions regarding the nature and periodization of precapitalist society, including the anteriority of matrilineal descent, are being discussed in Soviet ethnology and historiography. This article selectively reviews the historical literature on the matriarchate and studies most intensively the history of the idea in materialist and Marxist writings. In this context, it seeks to place the idea in a fresh perspective. The author invites constructive dialog on this question.

Blood group phenotypes and hemoglobin S. An anthropologic study in two Israeli Arab communities.

Blood group phenotypes of anthropologic significance are described for inhabitants of two Israeli Arab communities with foci of hemoglobin S (HbS). The presence of Fy(a-b-), Rho, hrV+, and Js(a+) among the Hulah Valley Bedouin, and of Fy(a-b-), Rho, and hrV+ in Acre are indicative of genetic admixture of African origin. These non-African foci of HbS are thereby distinguished from previously described HbS foci in India, Greece, and Turkey where low or absent Rho phenotypes imply secondary dispersions of the HbS gene from the Arabian peninsula.

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Bulgaria.

7 human red cell enzyme polymophisms have been typed on a sample of n=138 unrelated adults from Bulgaria, which revealed the following gene frequencies: ADA1=0.8623. ADA2=0.1376; AK1=0.9637, AK2=0.0362; 6-PGDA=0.9891, 6-PGDC=0.0108; PGM11=0.8346, PGM12=0.1653; PA=0.1596, PB=0.7983, PC=0.0420. In the LDH-system one B-subunit variant was found, whilst no Peptidase A or B variant could be observed. The anthropological significance of these findings is discussed.

Three-rooted first premolars and their genetic and anthropological significance.

Three-rooted first premolars and their genetic and anthropological significance.

Anatomic-radiographic study of ossified pterygospinous and “innominate” ligaments

On the basis of our anatomico-radiographic studies and a review of the literature, we have reported a series of macroscopic and radiologic findings of typical and significant anomalies which involve the ossification of the group of aponeuroses and ligaments in the interpterygoid region corresponding to the exocranial opening of the foramen ovale. These anatomic variations refer to the osseous bars of Civinini, formed by the ossification of the pterygospinous ligament (pterygospinous foramen), and to the osseous bridge of Hyrtl, caused by the ossification of Hyrtl-Calori's “innominate” or pterygoalar ligament (porus crotaphiticobuccinatorius of Hyrtl). The anatomic and radiologic peculiarities of these delicate anomalous structures are demonstrated by means of typical photographs and radiographs. It has been shown that, besides their anatomic and anthropologic significance these osseous variations are of greater clinical interest with respect to the transoval injection technique of the trigeminal cistern at the level of the Gasserian ganglion. It is important to point out that only the ossified “innominate” or pterygoalar ligament of Hyrtl-Calori (porus crotaphiticobuccinatorius) has true clinical significance, and this only when supramandibular or transzygomatic punctures are used to reach the retrogasserian trigeminal cistern. On the contrary, no difficulty arises when the semilunar ganglion is injected by means of the inframandibular approach, since in this case neither Civinini's pterygospinous nor Hyrtl's pterygoalar bar is ever a barrier to the passage of the needle through the foramen ovale. Under this condition, however, an intracisternal injection of the Gasserian ganglion is questionable. Finally, it should be emphasized that exploratory radiologic examination is required before this kind of therapeutic procedure is performed at the base of the skull. Likewise, it is of the utmost importance to use highly specialized techniques, equipment, and personnel in a department of block anesthesia expressly created for this purpose.

Gammaglobulin factors (Gm and Inv) in New Guinea: anthropological significance.

Analysis of the hereditary Gm and Inv gamma-globulin factors of 1669 New Guineans from the Morobe and Eastern Highlands districts and Bougainville Island demonstrates thatthe frequencies of the three Gm alleles present (Gm(a), GM(ab), and Gm(ax)) are similar in general to those in Mongoloids and in particular to those in Southeast Asians and Micronesians. The New Guinea frequencies are distinct from those in other populations, including Australian aborigines. Highly significant differences in frequencies of Gm and Inv alleles occur between Melanesian-and non-Austronesian-speaking New Guineans.

Hemoglobins, Haptoglobins, and Transferrins in Man

lapped. The distribution of genes within a population, and the differences in the frequency of their alleles which characterize one population and distinguish it from another, need not be considered trivial if selection plays a part in determining them. A search for additional loci as aids in classification may be sterile and boring; but a quest for the sources of human variation and the analysis of the interactions of genetic and ecological factors stimulates continuing interest. Recently accumulated evidence indicates that some, and perhaps most, aspects of polymorphism in man are adaptive and that cultural factors are commonly involved in the process of adaptation. By their joint efforts cultural and physical anthropologists are in a position to contribute to a deeper understanding of those factors which have made us what we are today. Such collaboration is dependent upon the degree of communication established between scholars in these two facets of anthropology. The student of human biology needs to hear frequently about recent advances in the analysis of culture, and especially of cultural practices which affect the genetic structure or phenotypic appearance of different populations. In return, new developments in human biology should be brought to the attention of anthropologists in general. Significant among such advances is the understanding of the structure, function, and inheritance of various protein fractions of the blood. A number of these are inherited in simple Mendelian manner and thus lend themselves readily to genetic analysis. As they occur in varying frequencies among different human populations, they can, like the blood types, suggest the degree of ancestral relationships between them. Like the blood types, too, their variety demonstrates the widespread extent and probable utility of balanced polymorphism in the human species. In 1949 when Neel established the genetic mechanism for sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia and Pauling et al. (1949) demonstrated the electrophoretic difference between normal and sickle cell hemoglobin, doors were opened to unique research opportunities in genetics, biophysics, biochemistry, medicine, and anthropology. The past dozen years have witnessed vast strides in the understanding of the structure of the hemoglobin molecule, the strategy of the gene in producing its end product in the individual, and the ebb and flow of genes in the course of human history.

Distribution pattern, population genetics and anthropological significance of thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobins in Melanesia.

American Journal of Physical AnthropologyVolume 20, Issue 4 p. 475-483 Article Distribution pattern, population genetics and anthropological significance of thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobins in Melanesia C. C. Curtain, C. C. Curtain Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this authorChev Kidson, Chev Kidson Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this authorD. C. Gajdusek, D. C. Gajdusek Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this authorJ. G. Gorman, J. G. Gorman Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this author C. C. Curtain, C. C. Curtain Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this authorChev Kidson, Chev Kidson Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this authorD. C. Gajdusek, D. C. Gajdusek Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this authorJ. G. Gorman, J. G. Gorman Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1962 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330200408Citations: 21AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume20, Issue4December 1962Pages 475-483 RelatedInformation

Correlations between ABO blood groups and epidemic diseases and their anthropological significance.

Correlations between ABO blood groups and epidemic diseases and their anthropological significance.

Diego blood system. Anthropologic significance of the Di-a, specially in American Indians.

Diego blood system. Anthropologic significance of the Di-a, specially in American Indians.

Research on Primate Behavior in Japan

DURING a seminar1 on primate behavior held in the Anthropology Department of the University of Chicago, I discovered that there were a number of papers and even some books and a journal published on the subject in Japanese. At first I contented myself with translating and with talking to the other members of the seminar, but it soon became apparent that this was not enough. All members of the seminar asked for a document describing the Japan Monkey Center2 and the research being carried on there. The following article attempts to make a small part of this rich material available to anthropologists who do not read Japanese. The Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) have long been known the world over as the see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil monkeys of Buddhist teaching. They may soon become even more famous, at least among primatologists and anthropologists, as the primates whose behavior has been most closely studied by man. For the last ten years, Japanese primatologists and ecologists have been conducting intensive research on the life of populations of wild monkeys inhabiting their islands. The fieldwork, organized on a scale without precedent in the study of primate behavior, has begun to bear fruit. Since all of the material published so far is in Japanese, it seems worthwhile to provide a short survey of the studies already completed or currently in progress. After a brief description of the nature and objectives of the research group, I shall analyze some of the contributions that hold possible significance for anthropology.

Polymorphism in Ear-Wax Types and its Anthropological Significance

It is well known that there is a very marked racial difference in the nature of cerumen or ear-wax. Caucasian and Negro peoples have generally brown, sticky and wet cerumen, while this type of cerumen is less common among Japanese where the majority has gray, brittle and dry cerumen. The distinction between these two types, wet and dry, is usually sharp and manifested soon after birth, so that diagnosis can easily be made by inspection of external ear canal if no pathologic complication is involved. It has been further noticed, even by layman, that there is an association between wet cerumen and axillary odor, the presence of which is deemed to be pathologic in Japan and is often considered to require medical treatment. Probably for this reason, there are a considerable number of Japanese literature which deal with the variation in cerumen, mostly in connection with axillary odor. Based on his own observations besides the results collected by other authors, the present author proposes to review the subject on the apparent polymorphism in ear-wax types from the view-point of genetics with special ref er ence to the anthropological significance of the finding on this trait.

Anthropology, Political Behavior, and International Relations

HESE two books, published in the past year, are general statements of the contemporary anthropological credo. They reject the earlier conception of anthropology as the study of prehistoric and primitive culture, and assert strong claims to its relevance in the solution of crucial problems of modern politics. Clyde Kluckhohn is a psychoanalytically trained anthropologist. Alexander Leighton is an anthropologically trained psychiatrist. Both have had distinguished academic and governmental careers. Leighton was chief and Kluckhohn cochief of the Foreign Morale Analysis Division of the Office of War Information, an organization which pioneered in the application of psycho-anthropological insights and methods to problems of government policy. Leighton's general views are based on a detailed analysis of his experiences during the war in the Office of War Information and the United States Strategic Bombing Survey in Japan. Kluckhohn's book is a general statement of the nature and significance of modern anthropology directed at an informed lay audience. Special interest for students of international relations attaches to propositions advanced by these writers about the usefulness of the modern anthropological approach in the study of problems of foreign policy and international order. While there is some difference in the treatment of these themes in the two books, there is such substantial agreement between them that there is no need for our purposes for a separate statement of individual views. We review these propositions in brief form. 1. Cultural-psychological differences are largely unconscious in character. The peculiar sentiments, values, and attitudes of

Anthropological significance of the musculus pyramidalis and its variability in man

American Journal of Physical AnthropologyVolume 25, Issue 3 p. 435-490 Article Anthropological significance of the musculus pyramidalis and its variability in man M. F. Ashley-Montagu, M. F. Ashley-Montagu Department of Anatomy, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Philadelphia Search for more papers by this author M. F. Ashley-Montagu, M. F. Ashley-Montagu Department of Anatomy, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Philadelphia Search for more papers by this author First published: October/December 1939 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330250332Citations: 7 Also the Graduate School, New York University. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume25, Issue3October/December 1939Pages 435-490 RelatedInformation