Significance Of Nanotechnology Research Articles

Nickel oxide nanoparticles with ginger extract: An environmentally sustainable method for antibacterial applications

Attention on phyto-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) has recently increased due to their low chemical toxicity, which gaining significance in nanotechnology. Our research synergizes ginger extract and nickel oxide NPs to make a new composite of antibacterial potential against bacterial strains, namely: P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumonia. The prepared NPs were filled into Polymethacrylic acid (PMMA) films, where they displayed notable bactericidal effects, particularly against S. aureus and E. coli. Three examination techniques were applied to characterize the produced sheets, namely: scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Simultaneously, NiO nanoparticles induced the generation of reactive oxygen species, disrupting bacterial functions, and altering cellular morphology. This study highlights the need for continuous research into effective and ecologically friendly antimicrobial treatments.

Advancements in Hybrid Cellulose-Based Films: Innovations and Applications in 2D Nano-Delivery Systems.

This review paper delves into the realm of hybrid cellulose-based materials and their applications in 2D nano-delivery systems. Cellulose, recognized for its biocompatibility, versatility, and renewability, serves as the core matrix for these nanomaterials. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the creation, analysis, and application of these materials, emphasizing their significance in nanotechnology and biomedical domains. It further illuminates the integration of nanomaterials and advanced synthesis techniques that have significantly improved the mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of hybrid cellulose-based materials.

Comprehensive Review of Nanotechnology: Innovations and Multidisciplinary Applications

Nanotechnology, which involves the control of substances at the nanoscale, has emerged as a valuable discipline that holds the capacity to fundamentally transform numerous scientific sectors, such as materials science, healthcare, environmental remediation, and agriculture. This review article explores the uses and advancements of nanotechnology, emphasizing how it might improve crop yield, advance medical treatments, and provide solutions to environmental problems. This also examines revolutionary applications of nanobiotechnology, including CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, targeted drug delivery systems, cancer therapy, and regenerative medicine. It highlights the potential of these technologies to enhance diagnostic capabilities and pharmaceutical results. It also looks at how nanotechnology is affecting agriculture, with a focus on improvements in food safety, pest and disease control, and crop yield. Additionally, environmental applications are covered, with an emphasis on the use of nanomaterials for sustainable resource management and pollution remediation. The significance of nanotechnology's contributions to green chemistry, its interdisciplinary character, and the challenges and potential for its incorporation into conventional applications are all emphasized in the review. The article provides an overview of the current status and future directions of nanotechnology by discussing the synthesis of nanoparticles, their commercialization, and the challenges surrounding nano-innovations.

Viscoelastic third-order nanofluid MHD flow for wire coating purpose inside canonical coating die with variable viscosity effect: numerical and analytical solutions

The polyethene coating is frequently functionalized to cables or pipes for corrosion prevention, voltage differential, mechanical characteristics, and environmental legislation. The metal coating technique, in particular, is important in a variety of commercial applications. Coaxial extrusion, immersion, and electromagnetic application are examples of wire surface treatments. The wire coating procedure necessitates an increase in thermal performance. As a result, this research aims to determine how floating nanoparticles affect the mass and heat transport mechanisms of non-Newtonian fluid in the posttreatment for cable coating processes. For nanofluids, the Buongiorno model is used, including variable viscosity. The original mathematical formulation in terms of nonlinear ODEs for bvph2 is altered to first-order ODEs using similarity transformation. The data collection for the projected bvph2 is developed for variables related to the proposed model manipulating the velocity consuming the explicit bvph2 technique. The exercise, confirmation, and analysis processes of the ND-solve method are utilized to appraise the attained results of bvhp2 for numerous cases, and an assessment of the achieved consequences is executed with available statistics set to pattern the correctness and efficiency of the suggested algorithm for the scrutiny of non-Newtonian fluid problem connected bvph2. The prevailing uniformity of recommended conclusions with published findings designates the legitimacy of the structure, and the accurateness of 10−6 is also accomplished. The analytical findings of this investigation revealed that within the Reynolds modeling, the stress on the whole wire surface combined with shear forces at the surface predominates Vogel’s model. The contribution of nanomaterials upon force on the entire surface of wire and shear forces at the surface appears positive. A non-Newtonian feature can increase the capping substance’s velocity. This research could aid in the advancement of wire coating technologies. For the first instance, the significance of nanotechnology during wire coating evaluation is explored by utilizing Brownian motion with generation/absorption slip processes. For time-dependent viscosity, two alternative models are useful.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COTTON FIBRES TREATED WITH PARTICLES EXTRACTED FROM CITRUS PLANTS: A REVIEW

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology in textile sector for the fabrication of functional textiles with different properties such as antibacterial, hydrophobicity, UV-protection, flame retardancy, anti-static and self-cleaning. In current COVID-19 crises, the development of antimicrobial textiles through the deposition of nanoparticles has emerged as a research subject of particular interest. Recently, the green-synthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts has become an effective alternative to conventional physical and chemical synthesis methods due to being environmentally benign and nontoxic. In this review article, the significance of nanotechnology in antibacterial finishing of textiles, mechanism of antibacterial activity of nanoparticles, significance of green synthesis methods for nanoparticles have been discussed. The green-synthesis of different nanoparticles from the citrus plant extracts and their application on textiles for imparting antibacterial activity is reviewed in particular. The chemical composition of citrus plant extracts and their role as bioreductants in the synthesis of nanoparticles is also highlighted. Moreover, different qualitative and quantitative standard testing protocols employed for the antimicrobial characterization of plant extracts and textiles have been discussed. The major challenges and limitations associated with the plant-based biosynthesis of nanoparticles have also been highlighted.

Synthesis of ceria nanoparticles for the catalytic activity of cyclohexene epoxidation and selective detection of nitrite

Based on a few noteworthy features, cerium oxide nanoparticles have gained significance in nanotechnology. The effective microwave combustion method (MCM) and the conventional sol–gel (CRSGM) technologies are used in this study to successfully generate the crystalline CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Additionally, using a variety of spectroscopic and analytical methods, the synthesized CeO2 NPs are examined to assess to understand their structure and morphology. The XRD patterns of CeO2 NPs show that the structure exhibits a face-centered cubic lattice. Then, with demonstrated good conversion and selectivity, the impact of the epoxidation reaction of cyclohexene was examined. Finally, it can be said that using CeO2 nanoparticles is an efficient strategy to increase the catalytic activity toward the epoxidation reaction of cyclohexene. In the presence of acetonitrile as a solvent and H2O2 as an oxidant, the catalyst samples utilized in the cyclohexene epoxidation reaction were examined. In this study, the CeO2 catalyst outperformed all other catalysts in terms of cyclohexene maximal conversion and selectivity. After six prolonged cycles, the conversion of cyclohexene oxidation using CeO2 NPs shows reasonable recyclability and conversion efficiency, making it the best catalyst for an industrial production application.Additionally, the upgraded CeO2 nanoparticle electrode for nitrite detection has a linear concentration range (0.02–1200 M), a low detection limit (0.22 M), and a higher sensitivity (1.735 A M−1 cm−2). CeO2 NPs, on the other hand, have a quick response time, excellent sensitivity, and high selectivity. Additionally, the manufactured electrode is used to find nitrite in various water samples. Finally, it can be said that using CeO2 NPs is an efficient strategy to increase the catalytic activity toward cyclohexene oxidation and nitrite.

Nanoscale antenna systems: Transforming wireless communications and biomedical applications

<abstract> <p>This article provides an overview of nanoscale antenna systems in wireless communications and emerging biomedical applications. The research examines the importance of nanoscale antennas and the significance of nanotechnology in antenna layout. It delves into numerous layout concerns along with challenges of miniaturization, frequency selection and trade-offs between size, bandwidth, performance and radiation properties. The paper also explores the role of nanomaterials in antenna packages, specializing in their properties and overall performance-improving properties. It explores synthetic methods and techniques for incorporating nanomaterials into antenna designs, opening the way for new designs and improved performance. In the field of wireless communication, the article includes miniaturized antennas for wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) applications, millimeter wave, terahertz communication systems and it also explores antenna designs for compact wireless devices with constrained form factors overcoming challenges due to size limitations. In the biomedical field, antennas integrated into implantable medical devices and biosensing platforms are explored. The article examines the use and fabrication of biocompatible materials for biomedical antennas by considering their applicability in biomedical environments. Performance analysis and characterization techniques for nanoscale antennas are presented, including calibration methods, radiation sample analysis, gain, efficiency, impedance matching and analysis of performance parameters in various typical application scenarios. It helps to optimize antenna configuration for various cases. The article concludes with a discussion of key findings and contributions to the study. It highlights future directions and potential developments in nanoscale antenna systems, including power efficiency and energy collection, reliability and robustness in active areas and integration with wireless communication systems and networking. Finally, this article presents treasured insights into the design, fabric packages and research of nanoscale antenna systems. It gives a roadmap for future studies and improvement, focusing on the transformative capability of nanoscale antennas in Wi-Fi communications and biomedical applications.</p> </abstract>

Activation Energy Performance through Magnetized Hybrid Fe3O4–PP Nanofluids Flow with Impact of the Cluster Interfacial Nanolayer

The current work investigated the mass and heat transfer of the MHD hybrid nanofluid flow subject to the impact of activation energy and cluster interfacial nanolayer. The heat transport processes related to the interfacial nanolayer between nanoparticles and base fluids enhanced the base fluid’s thermal conductivity. The tiny particles of Fe3O4 and PPy were considered due to the extraordinary thermal conductivity which is of remarkable significance in nanotechnology, electronic devices, and modern shaped heat exchangers. Using the similarity approach, the governing higher-order nonlinear coupled partial differential equation was reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Fe3O4–PPy hybrid nanoparticles have a considerable influence on thermal performance, and when compared to non-interfacial nanolayer thermal conductivity, the interfacial nanolayer thermal conductivity model produced substantial findings. The increase in nanolayer thickness from level 1 to level 5 had a significant influence on thermal performance improvement. Further, the heat and mass transfer rate was enhanced with higher input values of interfacial nanolayer thickness.

Analysis of temperature-dependent viscosity effect on wire coating using MHD flow of incompressible third-grade nanofluid filled in cylindrical coating die

The convective heat and mass propagation inside dies are used to determine the characteristics of coated wire products. As a result, comprehending the properties of polymerization mobility, heat mass transport, and wall stress concentration is crucial. The wire coating procedure necessitates an increase in thermal performance. As a result, this research aims to find out how floating nanoparticles affect the mass and heat transport mechanisms of third-grade fluid in the posttreatment for cable coating processes in presence of a magnetic field with time-dependent viscosity. For nanofluids, the Buongiorno model is used. The model equations are developed using continuity, momentum, and energy in the presence of nanoparticle and time-dependent variable viscosity. We propose a few nondimensional transformations that are relevant. The numerical technique Runge-Kutta fourth method is used to generate numerical solutions for nonlinear systems. Pictorial depictions are used to examine the effects of various factors in the nondimensional flow. Furthermore, the numerical results are also verified analytically using Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The analytical findings of this investigation reveal that within the Reynolds modeling, the stress on the whole wire surface combined shear forces at the surface predominate the Vogel model. The contribution of nanomaterials on force on the entire surface of wire and shear forces at the surface appears positive. A non-Newtonian feature can increase the capping substance’s velocity. This research could aid in the advancement of wire coating technologies. For the very first instance, the significance of nanotechnology during wire coating evaluation is explored utilizing time-dependent variable viscosity regarding the magnetic field. For time-dependent viscosity, two alternative models are useful. The Lorentzian strength (a resistive form of force) increases in magnetic strength increases. As a result of the increased magnetic field, the motion of the polymerization in a die decreases. It is clear that increasing the intensity of Nb increases the heat transfer. The innovative fragment of the present study is to scrutinize the magnetized third-grade nanofluid for wire coating with variable viscosity inside the pressurized coating die, which still not has been elaborated in the available works to date. Consequently, in the restrictive sense, the existing work is associated with available work and originated in exceptional agreement.

Entropy Measures of Some Nanotubes

The physicochemical properties of molecules are correlated with their chemical structure using degree-based topological indices. The graph entropy zone has captured the imagination of scientists because of its possible application in chemistry. Boron nanotubular structures are high-interest materials with new electronic characteristics due to the presence of multi center bonds. Mechanical and thermal stability are two challenges that these materials have in nanodevice applications. Therefore, they necessitate theoretical research into the other qualities. In this article, study the graph entropy measure by using topological invariants of different versions of atom-bond connectivity index Zagreb indices (including redefined forms and and the forgotten topological index F(G)) which gives a better prediction of the chemical properties of different chemical compounds. We computed these indices for Boron Nanotube because of its significance in nanotechnology. To ensure the correctness of the output, a computational analysis and graphical comparison of generated indices is provided.

Thickness identification of 2D hexagonal boron nitride thin flakes by optical imaging in dry transfer method

Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) thin flake plays an important role in 2D materials device fabrication process. Enhancing the efficiency of searching and transferring thin h-BN flakes has great significance in nanotechnology. In this paper, we investigated the optical contrast of thin h-BN flakes in the PMMA/PMGI transfer method process by simulation to analyze the influence of the thickness of PMMA, PMGI and SiO2 layers and the wavelength of incident light beam on the optical contrast of thin h-BN flakes and achieved the optimal structure of the thin film system for searching thin h-BN flakes. Furthermore, the optical contrasts of thin h-BN flakes were experimentally observed on PMMA/PMGI/Si substrate and compared with the results of simulation. The values of optical contrast we got from the simulation were in accordance with the experimental findings. This work will help to boost the enhancement of speed and efficiency in searching and transferring thin h-BN flakes in 2D materials research.

Nanoparticles reshape the biomedical industry

Over the last decades, increasing interest has been attracted towards the nanotechnology which provide a set of promising research tools and theranostic approaches. Tremendous research efforts in nanofabrication technology have led to the production of biocompatible nanostructures and advanced carriers with various configurations for protection of the loaded biomolecules or drugs against the metabolism or excretion. Furthermore, controlled delivery and targeted therapy may result in the improved therapeutic effects against a variety of diseases and reduced adverse effects of drugs. The efficiency of protein drugs may be negatively affected by their limited transportation within the body and short half-lives. Application of nanoparticles may significantly improve the pharmacological profiles of protein drugs. In neurology, high-resolution imaging techniques, nanoengineered materials capable of interaction with the nervous systems, and nanopharmaceuticals with minimal toxicity and improved bioavailability may be of great theranostic significance. This may provide remarkable breakthroughs in the pharmaceutical industry and health-care system. In the present review, the significance of nanotechnology and modeling approaches in health-care system has been highlighted.

Shape Reconstruction Based on a New Blurring Model at the Micro/Nanometer Scale.

Real-time observation of three-dimensional (3D) information has great significance in nanotechnology. However, normal nanometer scale observation techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning probe microscopy (SPM), have some problems to obtain 3D information because they lack non-destructive, intuitive, and fast imaging ability under normal conditions, and optical methods have not widely used in micro/nanometer shape reconstruction due to the practical requirements and the imaging limitations in micro/nano manipulation. In this paper, a high resolution shape reconstruction method based on a new optical blurring model is proposed. Firstly, the heat diffusion physics equation is analyzed and the optical diffraction model is modified to directly explain the basic principles of image blurring resulting from depth variation. Secondly, a blurring imaging model is proposed based on curve fitting of a 4th order polynomial curve. The heat diffusion equations combined with the blurring imaging are introduced, and their solution is transformed into a dynamic optimization problem. Finally, the experiments with a standard nanogrid, an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever and a microlens have been conducted. The experiments prove that the proposed method can reconstruct 3D shapes at the micro/nanometer scale, and the minimal reconstruction error is 3 nm.

Self-assembled multifunctional DNA nanospheres for biosensing and drug delivery into specific target cells

Self-assembly of three dimensional nucleic acid nanostructures is of great significance in nanotechnology, biosensing and biomedicine. Herein we present a novel class of multifunctional and programmable DNA nanostructures, termed nanospheres (NSs), with monodispersity, dense compaction and uniform size (∼ 200 nm) using only four DNAs based on not only Watson-Crick base pair hybridization between single-stranded DNA but also liquid crystallization and dense packing from periodic DNA duplexes. Due to the diversity of the internal structures, the present NSs can easily evolve into other kinds of DNA assemblies, such as DNA spherical structures with a larger size and a rough surface via rolling circle replication (RCR). Importantly, the functional arms incorporated in building units can be readily designed for biosensing and targeted cancer therapy with high payload capacity and excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the proposed NSs could lead to novel routes for nucleic acid self-assembly, promising versatile applications in biosensing and biomedicine.

Significance of Nanotechnology in Food Industry

Magical spell have the ability to turn everything touched into gold, in real time scenario one such spell is “Nanotechnology” which has the mysterical power to revolutionize every field touched by it. Nanotechnology is now invading the food industry and establishing great potential.Nanotechnology applications in food industry include: encapsulation and delivery of substances in targeted sites, increasing the flavor,introducing antibacterial nanoparticles into food, enhancement of shelf life, sensing contamination, improved food storage, tracking, tracing and brand protection. Nano food processing and products can change the color, flavor, or sensory characteristics; they also change the nutritional functionality, removes chemicals or pathogens from food. Nano food packaging materials may extend food life due to high barrier packaging, improve food safety, alert consumers that food is contaminated or spoiled, repair tears in packaging, and even release preservatives to extend the life of the food in the package. Nanobarcodes are used for safety labeling and monitor distribution of food products. Nanosupplements can be easily incorporated by encapsulation techniques for nutritional and drug delivery systems effectively. And as health plays a major role in food the disadvantages of the technology is to be concerned.

On Guidebooks, Lists and Nanotechnology

Much like an exotic city, a computer programme or an artistic exhibition, new technologies often require guidebooks. This is particularly the case for nanotechnology, a multifaceted and diverse research programme characterised by canonical origin stories, seemingly limitless claims about its potential to transform everything from sunscreen to space travel, the nascent ingredients for a public risk controversy and state-level coordination of research funding and support measures. If ever anyone was in any doubt, What is Nanotechnology and Why Does It Matter? confirms that nanotechnology has arrived. Its authors open with a straightforward narrative outlining the significance of nanotechnology and the importance of understanding what its novelty is, stating:

Significance of nanotechnology in medical sciences

Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the molecular level in scales smaller than 1 μm, normally 1-100 nm, and the fabrication of devices within that size range. Two main approaches are used in nanotechnology. In the “bottom-up” approach, materials and devices are built from molecular components, which assemble themselves chemically by principles of molecular recognition. In the “top-down” approach, nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control. In addition, as the need for the development of new medicines is pressing, and given the inherent nanoscale functions of the biological components of living cells, nanotechnology has been applied to diverse medical fields such as oncology, cardiovascular medicine, and in treatment of other chronic diseases. Indeed, nanotechnology is being used to refine discovery of biomarkers, molecular diagnostics, and drug discovery and drug delivery, which could be applicable to management of these patients. In this review, we will focus upon significance of nanotechnology in medical sciences, as well as the plausible side effects related to their use.

Significance of nanotechnology in medical sciences

Significance of nanotechnology in medical sciences

Origin ofp(2×1)Phase on Si(001) by Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy at 5 K

The controversial issue of the origin of the p(2 x 1) reconstruction of the Si(001) surface observed in recent low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy experiments is clarified here using 5 K noncontact atomic force microscopy. The c(4 x 2) phase is observed at separations corresponding to weak tip-surface interactions, confirming that it is the ground state of the surface. At larger frequency shifts the p(2 x 1) phase of symmetric dimers is observed. By studying the interaction of a reactive Si tip with the c(4 x 2) Si(001) surface using an ab initio method, we find that the observed change in the surface reconstruction is an apparent effect caused by tip induced dimer flipping resulting in a modification of the surface structure and appearance of the p(2 x 1) phase in the image. Using an appropriate scanning protocol, one can manipulate the surface reconstruction at will, which has significance in nanotechnology.

Optical properties of nanocrystalline Y2O3:Eu3+

Optical properties of nanocrystalline red-emitting phosphor, europium-doped yttria (Y2O3:Eu3+), of average particle size of 15nm are investigated. The intensity of the strongest emission line at 612nm is found to be highest in the nanocrystalline sample with 4at.wt% of europium. The narrow electronic emission spectrum suggests a crystalline surrounding in this nanomaterial. We have estimated the strength of the crystal-field parameter at the dopant site, which plays a crucial role in determining the appearance of the intense emission line. The equilibrium temperature of this system has also been calculated from the intensity ratio of Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Though known for the bulk samples, our approach and consequent results on the crystalline nanomaterial of Y2O3:Eu3+ provide a unique report, which, we believe, can be of considerable significance in nanotechnology.