Signature Of Transition Research Articles

BACE-1 inhibition facilitates the transition from homeostatic microglia to DAM-1.

BACE-1 is required for generating β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we report that microglial BACE-1 regulates the transition of homeostatic to stage 1 disease-associated microglia (DAM-1) signature. BACE-1 deficiency elevated levels of transcription factors including Jun, Jund, Btg2, Erg1, Junb, Fos, and Fosb in the transition signature, which transition from more homeostatic to highly phagocytic DAM-1. Consistently, similar transition-state microglia in human AD brains correlated with lowered levels of BACE-1 expression. Targeted deletion of Bace-1 in adult 5xFAD mice microglia elevated these phagocytic microglia, correlated with significant reduction in amyloid plaques without synaptic toxicity. Silencing or pharmacologically inhibiting BACE-1 in cultured microglia-derived cells shows higher phagocytic function in microglia. Mechanistic exploration suggests that abolished cleavage of IL-1R2 and Toll-like receptors via BACE-1 inhibition contributes to the enhanced signaling via the PI3K and p38 MAPK kinase pathway. Together, targeted inhibition of BACE-1 in microglia may offer AD treatment.

Abstract 6086: Clonal biallelic inactivation of NF2 is an evolutionary bottleneck that exposes a vulnerability to CDK7 inhibition in mesothelioma

Abstract Background: Mesothelioma, a cancer caused by asbestos is lethal and lacks molecularly targeted therapy. The tumor suppressor NF2 constitutes a frequent, positively selected somatic alteration warranting synthetic lethal approaches to target this driver. NF2 inactivation drives nuclearization of YAP to mediate TEAD dependent oncogenic transcriptional program. YAP is stabilized by CDK7 through phosphorylation of S169/S128/S90, inhibiting the E3 ligase complex CDL4DCAF12. We hypothesized that biallelic NF2 inactivation would be vulnerable to augmentation of CRL4DCAF12 through inhibition of CDK7. Methods: 50 Patients (the MEDUSA cohort) undergoing routine extended pleurectomy decortications consented to have multiregional sampling of their mesotheliomas at resection at 4-5 stereotyped locations, followed by multiregional whole exome sequencing (mWES 200x), phylogenetic deconvolution and transfer learning to examine evolutionary trajectories. Bulk RNA sequencing enabled gene set enrichment analysis, and spatial YAP phenotyping using tissue microarrays were conducted on the mWES profiled cohort. Primary cell lines were generated from a subset of mesotheliomas and whole exome sequenced. Results: NF2 exhibited biallelic inactivation involving copy number/mutation allelic heterogeneity in 42% of mesotheliomas. Double hits were predominantly clonal. Hippo signalosome exhibited additional clonal somatic alterations in 26% of mesotheliomas, with biallelic inactivation being observed in LATS2 (8%) and LATS1 (4%). Transfer learning identified NF2 inactivation as a predominantly secondary clonal event, constituting an evolutionary bottleneck. Random forest analysis revealed YAP dependent transcription, epithelial mesenchymal transition and spindle checkpoint transcriptional signature enrichments in NF2 double hit mesotheliomas. We conducted drug screening of NF2 wild type versus inactivated primary mesothelioma cell lines, which revealed selective sensitivity to CDK7 inhibitors THZ1 and YKL-5-124 in NF2 inactivated but not wild type MEDUSA cell lines. Conclusions: NF2 biallelic inactivation constitutes an evolutionary bottleneck during early mesothelioma evolution, associated with a specific vulnerability to CDK7 highlighting a potential path to clinical stratified therapy. Citation Format: Essa Y. Baitei, Min Zhang, Qianqian Sun, Jin-Li Luo, Philip Zhang, Tamihiro Kamata, James Harber, Aleksandra Bzura, Peter W. Jordan, Charlotte Poile, Alan Dawson, Apostolos Nakas, Cathy Richards, Hongji Yang, Ed Hollox, Dean A. Fennell. Clonal biallelic inactivation of NF2 is an evolutionary bottleneck that exposes a vulnerability to CDK7 inhibition in mesothelioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6086.

Self-similarity of [formula omitted]-meson production in Au + Au collisions from BES-I at STAR and anomaly of “specific heat” and entropy

We present results of analysis of KS0-meson spectra in Au+Au collisions obtained by the STAR Collaboration in the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC using the z-scaling approach. The analyzed data on inclusive cross sections were measured over a wide range of collision energy sNN=7.7−200 GeV and transverse momentum of produced particles for different centralities in the rapidity range |y|<0.5. A scaling behavior of the spectra in z-presentation is observed. The concept of the z-scaling is based on fundamental principles of self-similarity, locality, and fractality of hadron interactions at a constituent level. Structure of the colliding nuclei and fragmentation process in final state are described by fractal dimensions δA and ϵAA, respectively. Produced medium is characterized by a “specific heat” cAA. Onset of constant δA, smooth increase of ϵAA and anomalous behavior of cAA with collision energy in the scaling regime are observed. The self-similarity of fractal structure of nuclei and fragmentation processes with KS0 probe is demonstrated. The energy loss as a function of the collision energy, centrality and transverse momentum of the inclusive particle is estimated. An anomaly in the entropy behavior of system configurations in the region sNN∼30−40 GeV at low pT in the central collisions is found. A possible signature of phase transition indicated by the peculiarities of specific heat and entropy as ingredients of the z-scaling of KS0-meson production is discussed.

Metastasis Related Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signature Predicts Prognosis and Response to Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer.

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has revealed the effect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on tumor microenvironment and cancer treatment. However, an EMT-based signature to predict the prognosis and therapeutic effect in gastric cancer (GC) has rarely been established.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) between paired primary gastric and ovarian metastatic tumors were identified through comparative RNA-seq analysis, followed by the construction of metastasis-related EMT signature (MEMTS) based on DEGs and EMT gene set. Then, both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) cohort were analyzed to explore the potential association between MEMTS and prognosis in GC. Samsung Medical Center (SMC) cohort and two individual immunotherapy treatment cohorts, including Kim cohort and Hugo cohort, were utilized to evaluate the predictive value of MEMTS on the response to adjuvant therapy and immunotherapy, respectively. Finally, the potential association of MEMTS with tumor environment and immune escape mechanisms was investigated.ResultsHigh MEMTS predicted a poor prognosis in patients with GC. Patients with low MEMTS potentially gained more benefits from adjuvant chemoradiotherapy than those with high MEMTS. MEMTS reliably predicted the response to immunotherapy in GC (area under the curve = 0.896). MEMTS was significantly associated with cancer-associated fibroblasts and stromal score in the aspect of the tumor microenvironment.ConclusionMEMTS serves as a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis and response to adjuvant therapy and immunotherapy in GC. MEMTS-based evaluation of individual tumors enables personalized treatment for GC patients in the future.

Emergence of multiple localization transitions in a one-dimensional quasiperiodic lattice

Low dimensional quasiperiodic systems exhibit localization transitions by turning all quantum states localized after a critical quasidisorder. While certain systems with modified or constrained quasiperiodic potential undergo multiple localization transitions in one dimension, we predict an emergence of multiple localization transitions without directly imposing any constraints on the quasiperiodic potential. By considering a one-dimensional system described by the Aubry-And\'{r}e (AA) model, we show that an additional staggered onsite potential can drive the system through a series of localization transitions as a function of the staggered potential. Interestingly, we find that the number of localization transitions strongly depends on the strength of the quasiperiodic potential. Moreover, we obtain the signatures of these localization transitions in the expansion dynamics and propose an experimental scheme for their detection in the quantum gas experiment.

Electroweak phase transition in the 2HDM: Collider and gravitational wave complementarity

The knowledge of the Higgs potential is crucial for understanding the origin of mass and the thermal history of our Universe. We show how collider measurements and observations of stochastic gravitational wave signals can complement each other to explore the multiform scalar potential in the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM). Accounting for theoretical and current experimental constraints, we analyze the key ingredients in the shape of the Higgs potential triggering the transmutation in phase transition, from the smooth crossover to the strong first-order phase transition ($\xi_c>1$), focusing on the barrier formation and the upliftment of the true vacuum. In particular, we observe that the $\xi_c>1$ regime is favored for lower scalar masses, rendering strong extra motivation for collider searches. We contrast the dominant collider signals at the HL-LHC (high-luminosity LHC) with observable gravitational wave signals at LISA. We obtain that the HL-LHC will be able to cover a vast range of the $\xi_c>1$ parameter space, with scalar decays to heavy fermions $(H,A,H^\pm\to tt, tb)$ being the most promising smoking gun signature of a strong first-order electroweak phase transition in the 2HDM.

Exact dynamical correlations of nonlocal operators in quadratic open Fermion systems: a characteristic function approach

The dynamical correlations of nonlocal operators in general quadratic open fermion systems is still a challenging problem. Here we tackle this problem by developing a new formulation of open fermion many-body systems, namely, the characteristic function approach. Illustrating the technique, we analyze a finite Kitaev chain with boundary dissipation and consider anyon-type nonlocal excitations. We give explicit formula for the Green's functions, demonstrating an asymmetric light cone induced by the anyon statistical parameter and an increasing relaxation rate with this parameter. We also analyze some other types of nonlocal operator correlations such as the full counting statistics of the charge number and the Loschmidt echo in a quench from the vacuum state. The former shows clear signature of a nonequilibrium quantum phase transition, while the later exhibits cusps at some critical times and hence demonstrates dynamical quantum phase transitions.

A compact x-ray diffraction system for dynamic compression experiments on pulsed-power generators.

Pulsed-power generators can produce well-controlled continuous ramp compression of condensed matter for high-pressure equation-of-state studies using the magnetic loading technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data from dynamically compressed samples provide direct measurements of the elastic compression of the crystal lattice, onset of plastic flow, strength-strain rate dependence, structural phase transitions, and density of crystal defects, such as dislocations. Here, we present a cost-effective, compact, pulsed x-ray source for XRD measurements on pulsed-power-driven ramp-loaded samples. This combination of magnetically driven ramp compression of materials with a single, short-pulse XRD diagnostic will be a powerful capability for the dynamic materials' community to investigate in situ dynamic phase transitions critical to equation of states. We present results using this new diagnostic to evaluate lattice compression in Zr and Al and to capture signatures of phase transitions in CdS.

Dynamical dephasing of bipartite and tripartite quantum coherence of spin-1/2 XXZ Heisenberg model in a renormalization group approach

The dynamical dephasing of a bipartite and tripartite quantum coherence in spin-1/2 Heisenberg model, driven by an applied magnetic field, in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is investigated. The system is renormalized through the Kadanoof’s blocks approach. It is observed for both bipartite and tripartite schemes that by increasing the size of the system, the quantum coherence measure show an abrupt change at a quantum critical point (QCP). A further increase of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya coupling parameter affect the QCP, causing the dynamical dephasing which is the signature of second order quantum phase transition. The displacement of the QCP reduces the Quantum coherence of the system and can be controlled by the external magnetic field strength. Moreover, in a given range of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction strength and magnetic field, the monogamous and polygamous nature of quantum coherence is related to the size of the system.

OVOL1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by enhancing the degradation of TGF-\u03b2 type I receptor

Ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1 (OVOL1) is a key mediator of epithelial lineage determination and mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET). The cytokines transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) control the epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) of cancer cells, but whether this occurs through interplay with OVOL1 is not known. Here, we show that OVOL1 is inversely correlated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature, and is an indicator of a favorable prognosis for breast cancer patients. OVOL1 suppresses EMT, migration, extravasation, and early metastatic events of breast cancer cells. Importantly, BMP strongly promotes the expression of OVOL1, which enhances BMP signaling in turn. This positive feedback loop is established through the inhibition of TGF-β receptor signaling by OVOL1. Mechanistically, OVOL1 interacts with and prevents the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD family member 7 (SMAD7), which is a negative regulator of TGF-β type I receptor stability. Moreover, a small-molecule compound 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) was identified to activate OVOL1 expression and thereby antagonizing (at least in part) TGF-β-mediated EMT and migration in breast cancer cells. Our results uncover a novel mechanism by which OVOL1 attenuates TGF-β/SMAD signaling and maintains the epithelial identity of breast cancer cells.

Dissipation of energy and higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation

Abstract The higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge were found to exhibit the signatures of a second-order phase transition in experimental data and simulations of the statistical multifragmentation model recently (Pietrzak et al 2020 Phys. Lett. B 809 135763). This work is devoted to study the dissipation of energy and higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge in projectile fragmentation. The isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model is used to study the non-equilibrium thermalization and fragmentation. The statistical code GEMINI is applied to simulate the second decay of the pre-fragments. To reveal how the incident energy dissipates into the excitation energy of the projectile-like system, the time evolution of the density, collective velocity, and random kinetic energy are displayed. It is found that the competition between the heat conduction and heat flux affects the excitation energy of the projectile-like system, which is the key variable in the fragmenting process. Displaying the mean multiplicity of the intermediate mass fragments and the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge, it is found that the decay mechanism of the projectile-like system transfers from the multi-fragmentation at mid-peripheral collision into the nucleon-evaporation at peripheral collision. The pseudo-critical point of this transition can be indicated by the zero of third order fluctuation together with the minimum of fourth order fluctuation. The calculations of the pseudo-critical point by the IQMD + GEMINI model agree with that extracted from the experimental data. Finally, the influences of the pseudo-critical point by the second decay, the mass number of the colliding system, and the incident energy are studied.

Thermodynamic Signatures of Structural Transitions and Dissociation of Charged Colloidal Clusters: A Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo Study.

Computational simulation of colloidal systems make use of empirical interaction potentials that are founded in well-established theory. In this work, we have performed parallel tempering Monte Carlo (PTMC) simulations to calculate heat capacity and to assess structural transitions, which may occur in charged colloidal clusters whose effective interactions are described by a sum of pair potentials with attractive short-range and repulsive long-range components. Previous studies on these systems have shown that the global minimum structure varies from spherical-type shapes for small-size clusters to Bernal spiral and “beaded-necklace” shapes at intermediate and larger sizes, respectively. In order to study both structural transitions and dissociation, we have organized the structures appearing in the PTMC calculations by three sets according to their energy: (i) low-energy structures, including the global minimum; (ii) intermediate-energy “beaded-necklace” motifs; (iii) high-energy linear and branched structures that characterize the dissociative clusters. We observe that, depending on the cluster, either peaks or shoulders on the heat–capacity curve constitute thermodynamics signatures of dissociation and structural transitions. The dissociation occurs at for all studied clusters and it is characterized by the appearance of a significant number of linear structures, while the structural transitions corresponding to unrolling the Bernal spiral are quite dependent on the size of the colloidal system.

Domain Formation Driven by the Entropy of Topological Edge Modes.

In this Letter we study interacting systems with spontaneous discrete symmetry breaking, where the degenerate symmetry-broken states are topologically distinct gapped phases. Edge modes appear at domain walls between the two topological phases. In the presence of a weak disorder field conjugate to the order parameter, we find that the entropy of the edge modes drives a thermal transition between a gapped uniform phase and a phase with a disorder-induced domain structure. We characterize this transition using a phenomenological Landau functional, and corroborate our conclusions with a concrete microscopic model. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of experimental signatures of this phase transition, and propose graphene-based moiré heterostructures as candidate materials in which such a phase transition can be detected.

Co-variation systematics of uranium and molybdenum isotopes reveal pathways for descent into euxinia in Mediterranean sapropels

The elemental concentrations and isotope compositions of molybdenum (Mo) and uranium (U) are commonly used for the reconstruction of past global and local redox conditions, and recent studies using both elements have revealed the potential of their paired application. However, such studies have generally focused either on modern marine sediments or on relatively low-resolution reconstructions of deep-time paleo-redox conditions. Here, we present high-resolution profiles (every 0.2-0.3 kyr) of Mo and U elemental and isotope compositions for anoxic organic-rich sediments of Eastern Mediterranean sapropels S5 and S7. The new Mo-U data reveal the processes leading to descent into basinal euxinia in more precise and systematic detail than lower resolution datasets focused on either Mo or U only.During the intensification from anoxic non-sulfidic to persistently euxinic conditions, δ98Mo and δ238U covariation systematics exhibit two stages. We identify the Mo-U isotope signature of the early transition from anoxic non-sulfidic to mildly euxinic conditions in the first stage, characterized by a rise in U isotope ratios (from −0.3‰ to +0.2‰ ±0.05‰) controlled by the depth within the sediment of the uranium reduction-accumulation front. As the water column turns persistently euxinic, δ98Mo values approach the seawater value for both sapropels, but δ238U evolves to different final values in the two sapropels. We interpret these differences as reflecting different redox potentials and/or different degrees of restriction of these two sapropel events, and the more gradual response of U sequestration to redox variation in comparison with threshold behavior of Mo. The findings presented here show temporal patterns in δ98Mo and δ238U on relatively short timescales that suggest the combined use of these proxies at high resolution allows detailed reconstruction of local redox and hydrographic conditions.

Virtual walks inspired by a mean-field kinetic exchange model of opinion dynamics.

We propose two different schemes of realizing a virtual walk corresponding to a kinetic exchange model of opinion dynamics. The walks are either Markovian or non-Markovian in nature. The opinion dynamics model is characterized by a parameter [Formula: see text] which drives an order disorder transition at a critical value [Formula: see text]. The distribution [Formula: see text] of the displacements [Formula: see text] from the origin of the walkers is computed at different times. Below [Formula: see text], two time scales associated with a crossover behaviour in time are detected, which diverge in a power law manner at criticality with different exponent values. [Formula: see text] also carries the signature of the phase transition as it changes its form at [Formula: see text]. The walks show the features of a biased random walk below [Formula: see text], and above [Formula: see text], the walks are like unbiased random walks. The bias vanishes in a power law manner at [Formula: see text] and the width of the resulting Gaussian function shows a discontinuity. Some of the features of the walks are argued to be comparable to the critical quantities associated with the mean-field Ising model, to which class the opinion dynamics model belongs. The results for the Markovian and non-Markovian walks are almost identical which is justified by considering the different fluxes. We compare the present results with some earlier similar studies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies'.

Localization transition induced by programmable disorder

We investigate the occurrence of many-body localization (MBL) on a spin-1/2 transverse-field Ising model defined on a Chimera connectivity graph with random exchange interactions and longitudinal fields. We observe a transition from an ergodic phase to a non-thermal phase for individual energy eigenstates induced by a critical disorder strength for the Ising parameters. Our result follows from the analysis of both the mean half-system block entanglement and the energy level statistics. We identify the critical point associated with this transition using the maximum variance of the block entanglement over the disorder ensemble as a function of the disorder strength. The calculated energy density phase diagram shows the existence of a mobility edge in the energy spectrum. In terms of the energy level statistics, the system changes from the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble for weak disorder to a Poisson distribution limit for strong randomness, which implies localization behavior. We then realize the time-independent disordered Ising Hamiltonian experimentally using a reverse annealing quench-pause-quench protocol on a D-Wave 2000Q programmable quantum annealer. We characterize the transition from the thermal to the localized phase through magnetization measurements at the end of the annealing dynamics, and the results are compatible with our theoretical prediction for the critical point. However, the same behavior can be reproduced using a classical spin-vector Monte Carlo simulation, which suggests that genuine quantum signatures of the phase transition remain out of reach using this experimental platform and protocol.

Strain-controlled evolution of electronic structure indicating topological phase transition in the quasi-one-dimensional superconductor TaSe3

We report the signature of a strain-controlled topological phase transition in the electronic structure of a quasi-one-dimensional superconductor ${\mathrm{TaSe}}_{3}$. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculation, ${\mathrm{TaSe}}_{3}$ is identified to be in a weak topological insulator phase which has topologically nontrivial surface states only at the allowed planes. Under uniaxial tensile strain, a Dirac point and the topological surface state emerge on the originally forbidden $(10\overline{1})$ plane, which demonstrates the transition to a strong topological insulator phase. Our results accomplish the experimental realization of possible topological insulating phases in ${\mathrm{TaSe}}_{3}$ and highlight the possibility of coupling the superconductivity with two distinct topological insulating phases in a controllable manner.

Dynamical quantum phase transitions in a mesoscopic superconducting system

We inspect signatures of dynamical quantum phase transitions driven by two types of quenches acting on a correlated quantum dot embedded between superconducting and metallic reservoirs. Under stationary conditions the proximity induced on-dot pairing combined with the strong Coulomb repulsion prefers the quantum dot to be either in the singly occupied (spinful) or BCS-type (spinless) ground state configuration. We study the time evolution upon traversing such a phase boundary due to quantum quenches by means of the time-dependent numerical renormalization group approach, revealing non-analytic features in the low-energy return rate. Quench protocols can be realized in a controllable manner and we are confident that detection of this dynamical singlet-doublet phase transition would be feasible by the charge tunnelling spectroscopy.

The topographic signature of temperature-controlled rheological transitions in an accretionary prism

Abstract. The local topographic slope of the accretionary prism is often used together with the critical taper theory to determine the effective friction on subduction megathrust. In this context, extremely small topographic slopes associated with extremely low effective basal friction (μ≤0.05) can be interpreted either as seismically locked portions of megathrust, which deforms episodically at dynamic slip rates or as a viscously creeping décollement. Existing mechanical models of the long-term evolution of accretionary prism, sandbox models, and numerical simulations alike, generally do not account for heat conservation nor for temperature-dependent rheological transitions. Here, we solve for advection–diffusion of heat with imposed constant heat flow at the base of the model domain. This allows the temperature to increase with burial and therefore to capture how the brittle–ductile transition and dehydration reactions within the décollement affect the dynamic of the accretionary prism and its topography. We investigate the effect of basal heat flow, shear heating, thermal blanketing by sediments, and the thickness of the incoming sediments. We find that while reduction of the friction during dewatering reactions results as expected in a flat segment often in the forearc, the brittle–ductile transition results unexpectedly in a local increase of topographic slope by decreasing internal friction. We show that this counterintuitive backproduct of the numerical simulation can be explained by the onset of internal ductile deformation in between the active thrusts. Our models, therefore, imply significant viscous deformation of sediments above a brittle décollement, at geological rates, and we discuss its consequences in terms of interpretation of coupling ratios at subduction megathrust. We also find that, with increasing burial and ductile deformation, the internal brittle deformation tends to be accommodated by backthrusts until the basal temperature becomes sufficient to form a viscous channel, parallel to the décollement, which serves as the root to a major splay fault and its backthrust and delimits a region with a small topographic slope. Morphologic resemblances of the brittle–ductile and ductile segments with forearc high and forearc basins of accretionary active margins, respectively, allow us to propose an alternative metamorphic origin of the forearc crust in this context.

Thermal Hall Effect of Magnons in Collinear Antiferromagnetic Insulators: Signatures of Magnetic and Topological Phase Transitions.

We demonstrate theoretically that the thermal Hall effect of magnons in collinear antiferromagnetic insulators is an indicator of magnetic and topological phase transitions in the magnon spectrum. The transversal heat current of magnons caused by a thermal gradient is calculated for an antiferromagnet on a honeycomb lattice. An applied magnetic field drives the system from the antiferromagnetic phase via a spin-flop phase into the field-polarized phase. In addition to these magnetic phase transitions, we find topological phase transitions within the spin-flop phase. Both types of transitions manifest themselves in prominent and distinguishing features in the thermal conductivity, which changes by several orders of magnitude. The variation of temperature provides a tool to discern experimentally the two types of phase transitions. We include numerical results for the van der Waals magnet MnPS_{3}.