Signal-to-leakage Ratio Research Articles

Maximizing signal to leakage ratios in MIMO BCH cooperative beamforming scheme

Beamforming (BF) technique in cooperative multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna arrays improves signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the intended user. The challenge is to design transmit beamforming vectors for every user while limiting the co-channel interference (CCI) from other users. In this paper, we proposed cooperative beamforming based on Signal-to-Leakage Ratio (SLR) to exploit the leakage power as a useful power in the second time slot after user cooperation, for this purpose successive interference cancellation (SIC) is employed in each user to separate the leakage signal from the desired signal. Without increasing the complexity, Maximizing Signal-to-Leakage Ratio (SLR) subject to proposed power constraint instead of a unity norm is the way to achieve extra leakage power. To reduce the erroneous, Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes employed in Beamforming of (SIC) cooperative scheme BF(CS-SIC-BCH). Maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator method is used at each user receiver. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme BF (CS-SIC-BCH) over Rayleigh and Rician fading channel is significantly better than the performance beamforming based on SLR in Non-cooperative system. More specifically to achieve a BER of about the required SNR for the proposed scheme is about 1 dB less than the Non-cooperative system.

Cooperative OSIC System to Exploit the Leakage Power of MU-MIMO Beamforming based on Maximum SLR for 5G

This study investigated the crucial—but not welldiscussed—issues involved in designing beamforming for all receivers, subject to leakage power constraints. Our assumption is that all users use ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) detection when the channel state information (CSI) is available. The problem of interest is to find beamforming that can improve OSIC performance of a multi-user scheme without significantly increasing the complexity. This study considers the transceiver design for multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) communications, in which a single transmitter adopts beamforming to simultaneously transmit information at first time-slot. During the second time-slot, receivers cooperate to share specific results of OSIC detection in each user. We propose the maximum-likelihood (ML) to estimate the received symbols.The estimated symbols will be used in OSIC detection to detect interference symbols. Promising results show that our cooperative OSIC scheme of the MU-MIMO beamforming system based on maximum signal-to-leakage ratio (SLR) realizes the diversity order of OSIC. Also, by utilizing leakage power as a useful power and not just as an interference power, the performance of the proposed scheme over Rayleigh and Rician channels is significantly better than the performance of classical MU-MIMO beamforming system based on SLR at a high signalto-noise ratio (SNR).

다중 안테나 포트를 장착한 분산 안테나 시스템에서의 안테나 설계 방법

본 논문은 포트 당 일정 파워 제약을 전제한 상황에서, 다중 안테나를 장착한 분산 안테나 (distributed antenna: DA) 포트를 갖는 분산 안테나 시스템 (distributed antenna system: DAS)의 안테나 위치 설계 방법을 분석한다. 안테나 위치의 설계를 위해 복잡하게 셀 당 평균 ergodic sum rate를 최대화하는 대신, 본 논문에서는 단일 셀 상황에서는 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 기댓값의 lower bound에, 그리고 이중 셀 상황에서는 signal-to-leakage ratio (SLR) 기댓값의 lower bound에 각각 초점을 맞춘다. 단일 셀 상황의 경우, 기존의 반복적 알고리즘에 비해 SNR criterion의 최적화 문제는 닫힌 형태 (closed-form)의 솔루션을 제공한다. 또한, 이중 셀 상황에선 gradient ascent 방법을 이용한 알고리즘을 제안하여 SLR criterion의 최적화 솔루션을 도출한다. In this paper, we optimize antenna locations for a distributed antenna system (DAS) with distributed antenna (DA) ports equipped with multiple antennas under per-DA port power constraint. Maximum ratio transmission and scaled zero-forcing beamforming are employed for single-user and multi-user DAS, respectively. Instead of maximizing the cell average ergodic sum rate, we focus on a lower bound of the expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the single-cell scenario and the expected signal-to-leakage ratio (SLR) for the two-cell scenario to determine antenna locations. For the single-cell case, optimization of the SNR criterion generates a closed form solution in comparison to conventional iterative algorithms. Also, a gradient ascent algorithm is proposed to solve the SLR criterion for the two-cell scenario. Simulation results show that DAS with antenna locations obtained from the proposed algorithms achieve capacity gains over traditional centralized antenna systems.

Antenna Placement Optimization for Distributed Antenna Systems

In this paper, we propose new algorithms to determine the antenna location for downlink distributed antenna systems (DASs) in single-cell and two-cell environments. We consider the composite fading channel which includes small and large scale fadings. First, for the single-cell DAS, we formulate the optimization problem of distributed antenna (DA) port locations by maximizing the lower bound of the expected signal to noise ratio (SNR). In comparison to the conventional algorithm based on the squared distance criterion which requires an iterative method, our problem generates a closed form solution. Next, for the two-cell DAS, we propose a gradient ascent algorithm which determines the optimum DA locations by maximizing the lower bound of the expected signal to leakage ratio (SLR). In our work, we consider selection transmission, maximal ratio transmission and zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) under sum power constraint and study equal gain transmission and scaled ZFBF under per-antenna power constraint. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms based on both the SNR and the SLR criteria offer a capacity gain over the conventional centralized antenna systems.

A Multiuser MIMO Transmit Beamformer Based on the Statistics of the Signal-to-Leakage Ratio

A multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink communication system is analyzed in a Rayleigh fading environment. The approximate closed-form expressions for the probability density function (PDF) of the signal-to-leakage ratio (SLR), its average, and the outage probability have been derived in terms of the transmit beamformer weight vector. With the help of some conservative derivations, it has been shown that the transmit beamformer which maximizes the average SLR also minimizes the outage probability of the SLR. Computer simulations are carried out to compare the theoretical and simulation results for the channels whose spatial correlations are modeled with different methods.