Signal Layout Research Articles

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pembelian Rumah Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy dan Metode Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (Smart)

Home is one of the primary needs of society. Various considerations of a person in buying a house, including considerations in terms of accessibility, environmental safety, road infrastructure and drainage, price, size and layout, building structure and model, availability of internet connection and signal layout, building structure and model, availability of internet connection and cell phone signal, availability of water and electricity, legal availability of water and electricity, legality, distance to workplace, and public facilities.public facilities. The fuzzy method is able to be used to classify the set of membership criteria and the SMART method can be used to rank the value of the criteria used criteria used. Calculations that have been carried out starts from using a fuzzy method that is useful for finding the set of membership criteria, followed by calculating the membership set of criteria, followed by calculating the matrix and ranking with the SMART method. ranking with the SMART method. Ranking with the highest value is house 2 with a value of 87.16 followed by house 3 with a value of 85.87 followed by house 1 with a value of 84.92 and the last house 4 with a value of 72.13

A simulation-based approach for the optimal design of signalling block layout in railway networks

To meet the growing demand in railway transportation, practitioners are more and more required to upgrade or substitute the signalling system in order to increase the capacity of the network. Existing approaches for the design of the signalling layout, usually tend to maximize the technological efficiency of the system by shortening the length of block sections, thus reducing the minimum line headway and the energy consumption but increasing investment costs. This paper presents a design approach addressed to identify the signalling layout which minimizes the investment and management costs, while respecting the required level of capacity. To solve this problem an innovative design framework is introduced which integrates a stochastic multi-train simulation model within a “black-box” optimization loop. Results obtained from an application to a real metro line confirm the effectiveness of such method in finding the solution which minimizes total costs for the line manager. A comparison with the block layout which maximizes the technological efficiency highlights that the obtained solution constitutes a satisfying trade-off between total costs and network performances.

Optimization of Railway Section Signalling Layout Based on Quasi-Moving Block

With background of railway transportation pattern in China, the railway section signalling model is developed based on quasi-moving block. The model uses traction calculation and signalling layout principle and considers orbit code sequence, ocs mast position, and electrical sectioning position, etc. The heuristic simulation algorithm is designed for model solution. With the goal of the minimum signalling layout under the condition of quasi-moving block, the proposed algorithm automatically realizes the signaling layout. The railway section signalling system is established and a case analysis of signalling layout is conducted. The results showed that: compared with the actual signalling layout, the simulated amount of signalling layout was reduced by 4, which on average, 1 signal was reduced along 10 km lines. The total length of division track circuit was reduced by 8464 m, which on average, 227 m was reduced along 1 km lines. The developed system realizes the optimal layout of railway section signal.

The Design and Simulation of a CMOS Digital PLL

In this paper, the charge-pump PLL structure is well analyzed. By using top-down method, the digital PLL is designed from frequency phase detector, charge pump, loop filter, VCO to frequency divider. Based on 0.5μm CMOS mixed signal process, the schematic and layout design is finished on Cadence IC 5.1.4.1, and Hspice is used for the simulation. The layout verification and parasitic extraction is completed on industry mainstream Calibre software. Simulation results show that the digital PLL is with a 100MHz center frequency, the locking range is between 20MHz~60MHz, the locking time is less than 1.5μs, and phase noise is -105dBc/Hz. The design has implemented the digital signal lock function and it can be used as an IP hard core in the clock recovery of communication systems and frequency synthesis of digital systems.

On Integrated Train Operational Scheme Drawing-up Platform of China

The paper analyzes the historical development of railway train schemes since 1949. Four stages have been summarized to embrace different characteristics and issues existed in different times according to their procedures. From the viewpoints of methods and techniques involved in above four stages, the authors describe the key models and algorithms applied in train scheduling, locomotive and crew work plan, yard operational plan and experimental analysis of train timetables. Based on the studies delivered in the field during the past decade, authors advance an integrated framework which deals with its major functions, key theoretical and technological progresses and several applications of the platform, including ones in improvements of railway station design, signal layout optimization, train scheduling evaluation at microscopic level and possible other applications in the construction of high-speed railways of China.

Signalling Layout for Fixed-block Railway Lines with Real-coded Genetic Algorithms

Signalling layout design is one of the keys to railway operations with fixed-block signalling system and it also carries direct effect on overall train efficiency and safety. Based on an analysis to system objectives, this paper presents an optimization model with two objectives in order to devise an efficient signalling layout scheme. Taking into account the present railway line design practices in China, the paper describes steps of the computer-based signalling layout optimisation with realcoded genetic algorithms. A computer-aided system, based on train movement simulator, has also been employed to assist the optimisation process. A case study on a practical railway line has been conducted to make comparisons between the proposed GA-based approach and the current practices. The results illustrate the improved performance of the proposed approach in reducing signal block joints and shortening minimum train service headway.

Control signal layout ordering scheme minimisingcross-coupling effect in deep-submicrometre datapath design

In deep submicrometre technology, an inter-wire coupling capacitance dominates wire loading and makes interconnect delays very data-dependent. Reducing this cross-coupling effect is crucial for high-speed lower-power operation. A layout scheme is proposed for datapath control signals which reduces the switching power by 10% and wire delays by 15% for 0.25 µm microprocessor examples.

Optimizing BGA to PCB interconnections using multi‐depth laser drilled blind vias‐in‐pad

Ball grid array (BGA) component packages challenge the circuit board design with signal routing and layout, creating in some cases extra board layers and added vias all resulting in increased costs for the printed circuit board (PCB). As component densities increase and microBGA (μBGA) and other fine pitch components become more common, microvia‐in‐pad technology will ease the transition to these fine pitch components. This paper presents and profiles a cost‐effective solution to interconnecting BGAs on PCBs using laser drilled blind vias connecting the outer three or more layers of a multilayer circuit board. Following a discussion on the design advantages, a comprehensive outline of the PCB fabrication process explores a new procedure for the rapid production of via‐in‐pad multi‐depth blind via laser drilling.