Communication Signals Research Articles

Reduced repetition of Eurasian Chaffinch’s social calls near scree slopes in a Mediterranean forest

Abstract Birds use songs and calls as communicative signals. The production of bird vocalizations depends on stimuli that prompt or deter communications. The quartzite scree slopes (pedrizas) in the Mediterranean forests of southwestern Spain might potentially engender conflict situation for bird communication. These open areas entail enhanced sound transmission and heightened predation. In this study, we investigate whether the presence of pedrizas influences the characteristics of Eurasian Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) social calls. We employed portable recorders to capture chaffinch vocalizations both within the forest and in the proximity to the pedrizas in the Mediterranean forest of the Monfragüe National Park (Spain). We found that the number of ‘chink’ repeats in chaffinch social calls was reduced in proximity to pedrizas compared to those recorded in the forest. This trend persisted across different conditions. Our finding lends support to the coexistence of stimuli in pedrizas that both prompt and deter bird communication. As a consequence, a conflict might arise, leading chaffinches to potentially respond by emitting social calls while simultaneously shortening the duration of vocalizations to minimize the risk of attracting undetected predators.

Effects of hypoxia on the heart of the juvenile four-finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) based on physiological indicators and transcriptome analysis

This study evaluated the effects of hypoxia on the heart of juvenile four-finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) through physiological and transcriptome analysis. Juveniles with an average weight of 122.82 g and length of 24.60 cm were used. Hypoxia significantly increased serum myocardial enzyme activities, including creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HDBH). These indicators initially rose and then declined, reflecting cardiac stress and suggesting their potential as early hypoxia biomarkers for real-time aquaculture monitoring. Histological analysis revealed structural damage in myocardial fibers under hypoxia, with increasing severity over time. This underscores the need to minimize oxygen fluctuations to prevent cardiac tissue degeneration. Transcriptome analysis identified upregulated genes involved in cell communication, immune responses, and intracellular signaling, offering potential targets for breeding hypoxia-tolerant species. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis highlighted key pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), endocytosis, and phagosome formation. The MAPK pathway plays a critical role in cellular stress responses, including survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. Hypoxia-induced activation of MAPKs like ERK, JNK, and p38 regulates stress-responsive genes. HIF-1 signaling regulates oxygen homeostasis, with HIF-1α stabilizing hypoxia-responsive genes such as VEGFA, which promotes vascular remodeling and enhances oxygen delivery. These findings collectively offer practical applications for enhancing aquaculture management, such as monitoring biochemical markers, adopting hypoxia-tolerant breeding, and adjusting environmental conditions to mitigate stress, ensuring better productivity and sustainability. This research provides a foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia stress in aquaculture species.

The application and development prospects of extracellular vesicles in oral administration.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale phospholipid-based particles secreted by cells and are essential mediators responsible for intercellular signal communication. The rapid development of EV nanotechnology has brought unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine. Among various administration methods, oral administration is the most convenient and simplest. However, most drugs (peptides, small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, and therapeutic proteins) greatly reduce their oral bioavailability due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Notably, some EVs have been shown to cross biological barriers, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The distinctive biological properties of EVs make them a promising natural carrier for oral drug delivery. This review introduces the characteristics of EVs, covering their classification, production methods, and therapeutic efficacy in oral administration. Additionally, we explore the potential roles of EVs in disease prevention and treatment, as well as their future prospects in pharmaceutical applications. This comprehensive overview aims to provide insights into the application of EVs in oral drug delivery, highlighting their advantages, current progress, and the challenges that need to be overcome for successful clinical translation.

Quorum quenching inhibits the formation and electroactivity of electrogenic biofilm by weakening intracellular c-di-GMP and extracellular AHL-mediated signal communication.

Electrogenic biofilm formation has been shown to be induced by intracellular c-di-GMP signaling and extracellular quorum sensing, but their interactions have been rarely explored. This study explored the effects of quorum quenching (induced by adding acylase) on electrogenic biofilm development and its underlying mechanisms. Quorum quenching impaired the electricity generation and electroactivity of electrogenic biofilms as indicated by dye decolorization rate. It significantly decreased the proportion of typical exoelectrogen Geobacter from 62.0% to 36.5% after 90 days of operation, and enriched some other functional genera (e.g., Dysgonomonas and Sphaerochaeta) to ensure normal physiological function. Moreover, metagenomic analysis revealed that the addition of acylase weakened the potential of chemical communication, as indicated by the decrease in the abundance of genes encoding the production of AHL and c-di-GMP, and the increase in the abundance of aiiA and pvdQ genes (encoding quorum quenching) and cdgC gene (responsible for c-di-GMP breakdown). Functional contribution analysis indicated that Geobacter was a major contributor to hdtS gene (encoding AHL synthesis). These findings demonstrated that quorum quenching adversely impaired not only quorum sensing but also intracellular c-di-GMP signaling, ultimately inhibiting the development of biofilm. This work lays the foundation for regulating electrogenic biofilm development and improving the performance of microbial electrochemical system using signal communication strategy.

Description of the behavioural contexts of underwater sound production in juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas

Abstract Green sea turtles Chelonia mydas have the ability to hear and produce sounds under water, with some of them potentially involved in social communication. To investigate the potential biological function of these sounds, we used a combination of acoustic, video and multi-sensor recordings of 23 free-ranging juvenile green turtles and we examined the co-occurrences of sounds with behaviours or external events. Our study revealed that most of the sounds were produced when the sea turtles were resting or swimming. However, four sound types were produced in more specific contexts. Long sequences of rumbles were recorded after sunset and mainly during resting. All these rumbles appear to have been produced by several individuals recorded simultaneously, suggesting that rumbles may be used for social interactions. The frequency modulated sound was highly associated with scratching behaviour. The grunt that was produced occasionally when green turtles were vigilant or approaching a conspecific. The long squeak was produced significantly by a small number of individuals in the presence of humans. The grunt and the long squeak may be the first evidence of an alarm or warning signal for intra-specific communication in green turtles. Our results mark a significant milestone in advancing the understanding of sound production in the behavioural ecology of sea turtles. Further experimental investigations (i.e., playback experiments) are now required to test the hypotheses suggested by our findings. Warning signals could be used to prevent sea turtles of a danger and may contribute to their conservation.

Blind Source Separation Using Time-Delayed Dynamic Mode Decomposition

Blind Source Separation (BSS) is a significant field of study in signal processing, with many applications in various fields such as audio processing, speech recognition, biomedical signal analysis, image processing and communication systems. Traditional methods, such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA), often rely on statistical independence assumptions, which may limit their performance in systems with significant temporal dynamics. This paper introduces an extension of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) approach by using time-delayed coordinates to implement BSS. Time-delay embedding enhances the capability of the method to handle complex, nonstationary signals by incorporating their temporal dependencies. We validate the approach through numerical experiments and applications, including audio signal separation, image separation and EEG artifact removal. The results demonstrate that modification achieves superior performance compared to conventional techniques, particularly in scenarios where sources exhibit dynamic coupling or non-stationary behavior.

Bone regeneration: The influence of composite HA/TCP scaffolds and electrical stimulation on TGF/BMP and RANK/RANKL/OPG pathways.

The repair of critical-sized bone defects represents significant clinical challenge. An alternative approach is the use of 3D composite scaffolds to support bone regeneration. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP), combined with polycaprolactone (PCL), offer promising mechanical resistance and biocompatibility. Bioelectrical stimulation (ES) at physiological levels is proposed to reestablishes tissue bioeletrocity and modulates cell signaling communication, such as the BMP/TGF-β and the RANK/RANK-L/OPG pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the use HA/TCP scaffolds and ES therapy for bone regeneration and their impact on the TGF-β/BMP pathway, alongside their relationship with the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in critical bone defects. The scaffolds were implanted at the bone defect in animal model (calvarial bone) and the area was subjected to ES application twice a week at 10 µA intensity of current for 5 min each session. Samples were collected for histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis. The TGF-β/BMP pathway study showed the HA/TCP+ES group increased BMP-7 gene expression at 30 and 60 days, and also greater endothelial vascular formation. Moreover, the HA/TCP and HA/TCP+ES groups exhibited a bone remodeling profile, indicated by RANKL/OPG ratio. HA/TCP scaffolds with ES enhanced vascular formation and mineralization initially, while modulation of the BMP/TGF pathway maintained bone homeostasis, controlling resorption via ES with HA/TCP.

Modbus RTU Protocol Timing Evaluation for Scattered Holding Register Read and ModbusE-Related Implementation

In parallel with the development of data transmission in the telecommunications sector to connect peripheral devices, hardware engineers have defined interfaces for independent communication systems. The basic idea of having standardized interfaces for external devices was quickly extended to control and instrumentation equipment, as the real-time characteristic of distributed systems became a challenge in the field. The proposed Modbus Extension (ModbusE) builds on these new techniques introduced in the UART interface, so that the newly introduced extension retains all the characteristics of the Modbus RTU except for the character bit structure. The validation of the ModbusE protocol allowed the proposal of a new communication message structure, a description of Modbus devices, an acquisition cycle to attain a deterministic temporal response behavior and the definition of an architecture for IIoT integration. In this work, practical research is based on data update times in SMARTConvert software when between 1 and 50 registers are accessed. These registers can, in the most favorable case, be at consecutive addresses and can all be read in a single bus query request, or at addresses 1 to 50, or the registers must be read in separate requests. The contributions of this paper are related to highlighting cases where Modbus modules are incorporated, the addressed registers are not consecutive and the Modbus reads 1 or more holding register records and the ModbusE proposal. As these registers must not be on consecutive addresses, it is necessary to make several requests, defining the function of a Modbus acquisition cycle, adapting the equations to the purpose of the tests carried out, measuring the Modbus communication signals and describing the ModbusE communication concept.

Cell signaling communication within papillary craniopharyngioma revealed by an integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing

ObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the primary signaling communication among papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) tumor cells.MethodsFive samples of PCP were utilized for single-cell RNA sequencing. The most relevant ligand and receptor interactions among different cells were calculated using the CellChat package in R software. Bulk RNA sequencing of 11 tumor samples and five normal controls was used to investigate the pair interactions detected by single-cell RNA sequencing.ResultsFibroblasts were not found in ACP, whereas they were detected in PCP. InferCNV revealed high CNV scores for the clusters of epithelial cells and fibroblasts using immune cells as a reference. Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, Interferon Gamma Response, p53 Pathway, and Estrogen Response Early are pathways commonly shared by fibroblasts and epithelial cells, ranking high in priority. The Wnt signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway play a crucial role in facilitating communication between epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Neutrophils were recognized as the main receivers of incoming signals, with ANXA1-FPR1 and MIF-(CD74 + CXCR2) being identified as the primary signals transmitted from fibroblasts to neutrophils.ConclusionThrough analyzing the communication of essential signaling pathways, ligands, and receptors among epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and neutrophils in PCP tumor tissues, we have identified certain molecules with promising prognostic and therapeutic potential.

A Survey on WiFi-based Human Identification: Scenarios, Challenges, and Current Solutions

With the evolution of wireless sensing technology, WiFi-based human identification has demonstrated tremendous potential in human-computer interaction and home security. However, most existing research operates in controlled environments, overlooking the complexities of real-world scenarios, such as signal fading, signal interference and uncertainty, and the diversity of application requirements. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of a series of representative research articles on WiFi-based human identification and summarizes five major challenges in achieving high-precision identification in complex application scenarios. Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) user sensing, coexistence user sensing, dynamic group user sensing, cross-domain user sensing, and multi-task sensing. Additionally, this article proposes a series of current solutions, including improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of NLOS sensing from the perspective of communication signals and sensing models, addressing coexistence sensing issues, designing adaptable tasks for dynamic user groups, leveraging techniques like adversarial learning and transfer learning for cross-domain problems, and employing modular deep learning architectures. By providing a comprehensive overview of WiFi-based human identification, this survey not only offers insights into current research but also charts a roadmap for future investigations. It is anticipated that this survey will stimulate innovative research endeavors and foster the expansion of wireless sensing technology across diverse application domains.

Dual Function Radar and Communication Signal Design with Combined Waveform Selection and Pulse Repetition Interval Agility

The traditional probe–pass integration system embeds communication information into a radar waveform, which leads to a high level of waveform autocorrelation sidelobes and a poor false symbol rate at low signal-to-noise ratios. This article proposes a three-dimensional indexed modulation-based design method for probe–pass integration waveforms. This method realises communication information modulation and demodulation by simultaneously indexing orthogonal waveform selection, transmitting pulse PRI changes and carrier frequency changes in three dimensions, and applying compressed perception technology to solve the problems of PRI shortcuts and carrier frequency, resulting in a velocity term in the received waveform that cannot be accumulated by phase reference to realise velocity super-resolution. Finally, the radar detection performance and communication performance are simulated and analysed, and the simulation results reveal that the method proposed in this paper can not only satisfy the radar detection performance requirements but also achieve a lower unsigned rate on the basis of an improved communication rate.

VPS13D mutations affect mitochondrial homeostasis and locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Mitochondria control cellular metabolism, serve as hubs for signaling and organelle communication, and are important for the health and survival of cells. VPS13D encodes a cytoplasmic lipid transfer protein that regulates mitochondrial morphology, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact, quality control of mitochondria. VPS13D mutations have been reported in patients displaying ataxic and spastic gait disorders with variable age of onset. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create VPS13D related-spinocerebellar ataxia-4 (SCAR4) missense mutations and C-terminal deletion in VPS13D 's orthologue vps-13D in C. elegans . Consistent with SCAR4 patient movement disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction, vps-13D mutant worms exhibit locomotion defects and abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Importantly, animals with a vps-13D deletion or a N3017I missense mutation exhibited an increase in mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt ). The cellular and behavioral changes caused by VPS13D mutations in C. elegans advance the development of animal models that are needed to study SCAR4 pathogenesis.

Effect of Bovine Serum on Quorum Sensing Genes Expression in MDR Resistant P. Aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, similar to several bacteria, use chemical signals for intercellular communication via use of quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms. QS enable the bacteria groups to detect population density and, in reaction to variations in cell density, to synchronize their behaviors. The current study intended to investigatethe effectof bovine serum on quorum sensing genes expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosaduring early stages of growth. Methodology: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from burns, wounds, urine, and ears. Bacteria isolates were identified in accordance to their biochemical reactions, then antibiotic susceptibility and The isolates' ability to build biofilms was examined, and each bacterial isolate's genomic DNA was extracted in order to find quorum sensing genes (rhlR, rhlI, lasR, and lasI). Result: From different clinicalspecimens, twenty-five Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were identified,antibiotic resistance was present in these isolates., and it was found that only 10(40%) of these isolates were biofilm producers. Biofilm virulence genes lasR, lasI, rhlR, and rhlI were detected in all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates examined. Conclusion: lasR, lasI, rhlR, and rhlI genes were common inPseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that have high rate of resistance to all antibiotics, and strong ability in biofilm formation.

Construction of a radiogenomic signature based on endoplasmic reticulum stress for predicting prognosis and systemic combination therapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. Various factors in the tumor environment (TME) can lead to the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), thereby affecting the occurrence and development of tumors. The objective of our study was to develop and validate a radiogenomic signature based on ERS to predict prognosis and systemic combination therapy response.MethodsUsing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) as a training cohort and data from International cancer genome consortium (ICGC) as a testing cohort. Univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify prognostic-related genes and construct a model. HCC single-cell data obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used to map gene signatures and explore inter-cellular signaling communications. Finally, a radiogenomic signature was used to predict the objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of four gene signatures related to ERS, including Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2), Melanoma-Associated Antigen 3 (MAGEA3), BR Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 2 (BRSK2), DEAD/H-Box Helicase 11 (DDX11) were identified. Macrophages were significantly different between high-risk and low-risk groups. The high-risk group showed higher targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and mutated tumor protein p53 (TP53) scores. Drug sensitivity analysis found that most sensitive drugs target the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling pathway. Further research revealed the expression of STC2 in the endothelial cells (ECs), particularly plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (PLVAP) + ECs, and may regulate the reprogramming and function of macrophages. Furthermore, we identified nine radiomic features and established a radiogenomic signature based on ERS that can predict prognosis and response to systemic combination therapy. This signature can guide systemic combination therapy for patients with unresectable HCC.ConclusionsWe established an ERS prognostic model that can predict patient prognosis. We also found that ERS is closely related to the TME and is mainly manifested in the interaction between tumor-associated endothelial cells (TAEs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, we constructed a radiogenomic signature based on the ERS. This signature can guide subsequent combination therapy for patients with unresectable HCC.

Study on time-frequency domain characteristics and cross-media communication of laser acoustic signals based on optical breakdown mechanism

Abstract Cross-media communication is a hot research issue at present. The use of sound waves generated by laser induced sound mechanism for cross-media communication is a new topic proposed in recent years. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of laser acoustic signal and the feasibility study for cross-media detection. The time-frequency characteristics and directivity of the laser induced sound signal are studied on the self-built experimental platform. The results show that the pulse duration of the laser acoustic signal is about 0.2ms, and the peak frequency is about 14.89kHz. The directivity is anisotropy, the signal strength in horizontal direction is the strongest, and the signal strength perpendicular to the water surface is the weakest, so it has a good horizontal distance transmission ability. This paper verifies the detection system of trans-air-sea interface communication and trans-air-sea interface communication based on laser sound and conducts the communication experiment of laser acoustic signal. By modulating laser energy, the underwater acoustic signal is modulated in time domain, and the signal communication with 0-bit error rate of 8bps within the meter is realized. The detection threshold of acoustic signal is calculated to be 44.93dB after horizontal transmission of 1km. The analysis and simulation of water surface micro-motion based on laser induced sound are carried out. The results show that the wave crest of water surface generated by laser acoustic signal through underwater reflection reaches the order of micron and can be detected by radar. The surface wave intensity is little affected by the depth of detection, so it could work in deep water. This study provides a certain experimental and theoretical basis for laser communication across the air and sea interface.

Carotid Endarterectomy Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Clinical and Experimental Unilateral Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is widely used to treat carotid artery stenosis (CAS). However, the effects of CEA on unilateral CAS-induced cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood. Thirteen patients diagnosed with unilateral severe CAS underwent pre- and post-CEA assessments, including 18fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive assessments, and routine blood tests before and after CEA. Unilateral carotid common artery occlusion and ligation release (reperfusion) surgeries were performed in mice to mimic CAS and CEA. Cognitive function, cerebral blood flow, and white matter damage were evaluated in mice using the Morris water maze test, Doppler flowmetry, laser-speckle imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, Luxol fast blue staining, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot assays post unilateral carotid common artery occlusion and reperfusion. Genomic sequencing of the white matter was performed to explore the potential underlying mechanism. CEA significantly enhanced the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in patients with CAS and preoperative cognitive impairment. Moreover, CEA led to notable improvements in cerebral blood flow, energy metabolism, and white matter integrity, while concurrently reducing blood inflammation. In the mouse model, reperfusion surgery alleviated cognitive deficits, increased cerebral blood flow, and alleviated white matter damage following unilateral carotid common artery occlusion. Furthermore, transcriptional surveys have revealed substantial alterations in the upregulation of Nrf2 signaling and metabolic pathways, coupled with the inhibition of neuroinflammation, cellular communication, and immune cell population signaling following reperfusion. CEA ameliorated CAS-induced cognitive dysfunction by improving the cerebral functional structure. These beneficial effects may be attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

High-power high-performance radio-over-fiber link for minimalist wireless base station.

Broadband minimalist wireless base stations without energy-consuming electrical power amplifiers are the rosy scenario of the next-generation wireless communication systems. High-power radio-over-fiber (RoF) links, which are featured by large operation bandwidths, are regarded as the supporting technology for realizing such a vision. Nevertheless, the severe signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) deterioration induced by the second Brillouin scattering in high-power and long-distance RoF links must be first solved. Here, an approach to suppressing the secondary Brillouin scattering-induced SNR deterioration in high-power long-distance RoF links is proposed and demonstrated based on phase modulation driven by a sinusoidal signal. In the proof-of-concept experiment, the Brillouin threshold in a high-power RoF link involving a spool of single-mode fiber (SMF) with a length of 10 km is increased by more than 5 dB with the assistance of phase modulation. The SNR is improved by 31 dB when the optical power injected into the SMF is 22 dBm. In addition, the error vector magnitude (EVM) is optimized from 31.71% to 0.62% for transmitting a 256-QAM wireless communication signal with a center frequency of 5 GHz and a bandwidth of 6.75 MHz in this RoF link under the injected optical power of 22 dBm. Based on this high-power RoF link, a minimalist wireless base station utilizing a photodetector-direct-drive antenna is realized. This scheme is feasible for transmitting broadband wireless communication signals, where a 64-QAM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless communication signal with a center frequency of 10 GHz and a bandwidth of 400 MHz has achieved high-quality transmission in this high-power RoF link under an injected optical power of 22 dBm.

A Method for Reducing Offset in CMOS Operational Amplifiers

In the development of integrated circuits, operational amplifiers are indispensable basic units CMOS operational amplifiers are the core components in analog integrated circuits, which are widely used in signal acquisition, data processing, communications and other fields. components in analog integrated circuits, which are widely used in signal acquisition, data processing, communications and other fields, and their performance has a direct impact on the accuracy and stability of the entire system. With the continuous development of electronic technology, CMOS operational amplifiers play a vital role. operational amplifiers play a vital role in many fields. However, the misalignment problem has been one of the key factors affecting the performance of However, the misalignment problem has been one of the key factors affecting the performance of CMOS operational amplifiers. This paper introduces the basic principles of CMOS operational amplifiers, thoroughly studies the phenomenon of CMOS operational amplifiers' misalignment. This paper introduces the basic principles of CMOS operational amplifiers, thoroughly studies the phenomenon of CMOS operational amplifiers' misalignment, the definition and sources of the misalignment voltage and its effects, and analyzes the main reasons for its generation, including device mismatch, process deviation, and so on. In this paper, we summarize several methods to reduce distortion from dynamic distortion elimination technology and design and process optimization, which can effectively reduce the distortion voltage of CMOS op amps. The main dynamic misalignment elimination techniques are chopping and auto-zeroing, as well as a special form of auto-zeroing, i.e., correlation dual- sampling technique. Design and process optimization includes two methods of device selection and matching optimization and circuit topology design.

Evolutionary continuities and discontinuities in affective voice signaling.

Affective voice signaling has significant biological and social relevance across various species, and different affective signaling types have emerged through the evolution of voice communication. These types range from basic affective voice bursts and nonverbal affective up to affective intonations superimposed on speech utterances in humans in the form of paraverbal prosodic patterns. These different types of affective signaling should have evolved to be acoustically and perceptually distinctive, allowing accurate and nuanced affective communication. It might be assumed that affect signaling is most effective and distinctive in affective prosody as the presumably most recently evolved form of acoustic voice signaling. We investigated and compared two signaling types in human voice communication with different evolutionary backgrounds, referred to as nonverbal affect signals (shared across many species) and affective prosody (being exclusive in humans). We found, first, that various basic affect categories seem to be distinctively encoded in both signal types, but there seems minimal continuity in the acoustic code from nonverbal affect signals to affective prosody and vice versa. Second, we found that decoding affective meaning seems considerably impaired from affective prosody. Many positive affect signals and especially vocal disgust showed extreme decoding impairments from affective prosody, with speech acoustics probably constraining affect encoding in prosody to a considerable degree. Only the recognizability of voice signals of threat seems to be largely preserved in affective prosody. In conclusion, it points to considerable discontinuities between nonverbal and paraverbal affect signals, which questions the evolutionary precursors of human affect signaling in voice communication. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Modulation pattern recognition method of wireless communication automatic system based on IABLN algorithm in intelligent system.

The aim of this study is to address the limitations of convolutional networks in recognizing modulation patterns. These networks are unable to utilize temporal information effectively for feature extraction and modulation pattern recognition, resulting in inefficient modulation pattern recognition. To address this issue, a signal modulation recognition method based on a two-way interactive temporal attention network algorithm has been developed. A two-way interactive temporal network is designed on the basis of the long and short-term memory network with the objective of enhancing the contextual connection of the temporal network. The output of the temporal network is attentively weighted using the soft attention mechanism. The proposed algorithm exhibited enhanced overall, average, and maximum recognition rates at varying signal-to-noise ratios, with an increase of 10.34%, 8.33%, and 3.33%, respectively, in comparison to other algorithms within the Radio Machine Learning (RML) 2016.10b dataset. Furthermore, the modulated signal recognition accuracy was as high as 92.84%, with an average increase in the Kappa coefficient of 12.28%. The Kappa coefficient in the Communication Signal Processing Benchmark for Machine Learning (CSPB.ML2018) 2018 dataset was 0.62, representing an average increase of 10.32% over other algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed recognition method can enhance the network's accuracy in recognizing modulated signals. Moreover, it has potential applications in modulation pattern recognition in automatic systems for wireless communications.