Sign Of Superiority Research Articles

The Ritual of the Golden Fleece in Prague 1657

The Order of the Golden Fleece represented one of the many connections between the Spanish main branch of the Habsburg dynasty and its younger branches in Central Europe. Since Charles V, the kings of Spain had held the position of Grand Master of the Order. The Spanish kings could admit anyone based on their preferences, thanks to Philip II and his reform of the Order in 1577. The Order of the Golden Fleece became a sign of superiority in contrast to their Central European relatives. The Austrian Habsburgs also enjoyed its benefits, and rewarded their closest and most faithful servants with the membership of the Order. However, they could only support a certain number of their servants and anticipate a positive response from Madrid. The ceremony of the Order of the Golden Fleece, which took place in Prague in 1657, is analyzed in the context of the relationship between the Spanish and Austrian lines of the Habsburg dynasty. Similarly, the ceremony in Prague reflected the situation at the imperial court after the death of Ferdinand III and the transition of power to his son Leopold, connected with a change in the official staff. Thirdly, the ceremony in Prague is compared with a similar ceremony held in Brussels in 1650 to point out potential differences based on the Central European environment.

Examining the relationship between spouses in Iranian law and its role in strengthening the family institution

Aim: As members of the society, couples have rights and obligations that guarantee the health of the society and their relationships. The family is the most important social institution that is based on the relationship between spouses, and the regulation of these relationships and the explanation of how it is from a jurisprudential and legal point of view are important in some ways. Method: The research method was descriptive-analytical using library sources. Results: In the combination of the rights and duties of couples, we come across differences that at first glance are indicative of the differences that some have thought indicate the inequality between men and women. While the creation of men and women is so wise that the assignment of rights and duties has been established according to the capacities and according to his expectations of man and human abilities. The system of existence, creation and creation is based on a previous and purposeful plan, and the objective of creation is the mystic worship of man before God. Homogeneity and heterogeneity of beings and differences in capacities and possibilities have all found their own place in this wise map; Therefore, the differences between couples and in general between men and women are completely natural, purposeful and creative, and the criteria for valuing people should be sought in obedience and acceptance of divine guidance and guidance. Conclusion: having unique privileges in men and women is not a sign of superiority over each other, nor is it a sign of flaws and defects in relation to each other. These differences have been stated in the sources of Shia jurisprudence and the legal system of Islam, on the same basis that knowing them can be effective in strengthening the family, its dynamics and vitality.

The Impact of Microsystems in Shaping Students’ Representations of English as Foreign Language: A Case Study on Bir Ali Middle School of Tunisia

This paper aimed to analyze the effect of Microsystems (family, school, peer group and media) on shaping students’ representations of English as foreign language. This case study was a quantitative and qualitative research. It was carried out to establish and to distinguish causality and dependency relationships between examined variables. This study was conducted in a village called Bir Ali in the south of Tunisia. It targeted 70 middle school students aged 12 to 15 years old. To come up with fruitful findings, we resorted to the mixed methodological approach. We used the questionnaire as a quantitative instrument to statically measure the impact of microsystems on shaping students’ representations of English. At the same time, we resorted to the interview: the observation and the content analysis as qualitative instruments to collect qualitative data that help us understand well the mechanism of microsystems and their impact on shaping students’ representations of English as a foreign language. Results showed that family, school, peer groups and media shaped positive students’ representations of English. The majority of students strongly believe that the acquisition of English is a sign of superiority and it helps them communicate better with the rest of the world enabling them to guarantee good jobs in the future. However, students' outcomes in English remain below expectations.

Ecohumanistas. La protección de la ecología física exige respetar la ecología humana

What is the human being? Which is its origin and its end? What is the influence of the nature in the man and what is his impact on nature? Forthe animalists , men are like other animals; freedom and rationality are not signs of superiority, nor having rights over the animals. For the ecohumanists , human beings are part of nature, but is qualitatively different and superior to animals; and is the creator of the civilization. We analyze these two ecological looks . A special point is the contribution of ecohumanists -from the first half of the Renaissance, who dealt in extenso the dignity and freedom of the human being-, of Michelangelo and finally, of Mozart, through his four insurmountable operas, which display the difficulty of physical ecology to engender so much beauty, so much wealth, so much love for the creatures and so much variety.

Travelling Ideologies: A Story of Whiteness

Abstract Prompted by the observations of a European scholar in African-American studies living in South-East Asia, this article addresses the ideological value of whiteness with a view to understanding its apparently global aesthetic fascination and societal power. To this purpose, the article traces the European, American and Asian conceptualization and employment of the signs of whiteness. The first section investigates the correlated philosophical and scientific construction of whiteness as a racial signifier in Europe. The second section focuses on social and cultural practices of white vs. black identification and the critique thereof in the United States. The third section highlights the appeal of whiteness as a status signifier in Asia. Whiteness is commonly employed as a sign of superiority, assumed by the self or assigned to the other (within): the article suggests that such power derives from a common mystical symbolism, upheld by philosophy, sanctioned by science, implemented by social policy and marketed by corporations.

The Role of Language Glossing in a Rooted Theory: The Involvement Load Hypothesis

This study builds on the innovative construct of task-induced involvement . It investigates different first and second language glossing in “involvement load hypothesis”. In order to do our study, 66 learners from two different English institutes were classified into two major high and low proficient groups based on Nelson Proficiency Test. Among them 22 low proficient students were randomly assigned to two different subgroups in order to complete two different types of tasks with different language glossing. The behaviors of the two groups in the immediate and delayed posttests did not confirm the predictions of involvement load hypothesis. Although the second task had a higher involvement index, no sign of superiority was observed in its performance. The study suggests that the predictions of involvement load hypothesis need to be more finely grained especially when the tasks have different language glossing.

Canned jokes in Russian public political discourse

The paper addresses a well-documented genre of Russian canned jokes from a socio-pragmatic perspective. The goal of the paper is twofold: firstly, it aims at examining a relatively new phenomenon of telling jokes in public political discourse. Secondly, it argues that jokes – a typical example of a non-bona fide genre – can nevertheless be used to convey bona fide messages. As a specific sphere of communication public political discourse incorporates official interaction of professional politicians as well as publicly expressed attitudes of ordinary people. Because jokes capture our experience and reflect ongoing social processes, modern Russian political discourse in many of its forms eagerly employs the genre. But, whenever a joke is used in the official political communication, we face the discrepancy between the premise of the bona fide mode of political discourse and non-seriousness of jokes. On the surface telling jokes in political discourse might seem to be a temporal switch from the bona fide to the non-bona fide mode of communication. However, the content of canned jokes told by politicians reveals deep social implications: for instance, Vladimir Putin’s frequent references to Soviet realia are signs of superiority and control over the situation. Jokes told by Putin’s opponents, on the one hand, reveal disappointment; on the other, they are part of the struggle for power. Telling jokes in public political discourse shows that the borderline between two modes of communication – bona fide and non-bona fide – is fuzzy since jokes transmit serious messages for the participants of political communication.

2087 – Gender inequality, depression and job opportunities

In most traditional and in-transition societies, the superstition of superiority of men to women has been a great barrier for women's progress in social life. As women have limited job opportunities in these societies, they are always under stress and anxiety get a job to be independent or to keep it in a tight competition with men. The presence of negative competitions at work causes the women to transfer their problems to the house and express their anger form inequality to their husbands and sons. The phrases such as “Men are always the same” or “Men can do but prejudice” at home refer to the negative interactions they have had at work. On the other hand gender inequality for women has a negative feedback and they try to percolate it to the system. The experienced women always make fun of the novice and increase their anxiety. The hierarchy of depression for these novice women became wider and wider at the bottom. This depression and anxiety from losing the job result in different reactions. They don’t mention their mother's status at work as an important thing or the sign of superiority. This paper investigates the psychological effects of gender inequality for women at work and home.

Between Majesty and Proximity: The enduring ambiguities of political representation in France

The term ‘proximite’ has been very much in vogue during the past few years. J.-P. Raffarin recurred to it often when he was Prime Minister and so constantly do many French politicians and bureaucrats. Proximity, as understood by local analysts, is largely dismissed as a mere ideological device aiming at resolving the so-called ‘crisis of representation’. However, according to some authors (Le Bart and Lefevbre, 2005), the success of such a slogan would also be an indicator of the emergence of a new mode of political legitimation in France, no less! It matters to insist upon the polysemic nature of the notion when it comes to political and symbolic applications because proximity may have spatial, social or patronizing connotations, among others. Mainly taking into consideration here the issue of outward signs of superiority, as opposed to demonstrable modesty, it will be claimed with empirical backing that in France political elites must often play on two distinct, and not easily compatible, registers: constantly proving and transcending proximity. If, in some countries, projecting an image of substance is imperative for politicians who want to appear as credible representatives, in some others the legitimacy of representation demands the lowest personal profile. France, this article argues, is mired in ambiguity. Historical developments led to a tension that was never resolved between unpretentiousness — a legacy of the Republican ideals of the French Revolution — and the pursuit of distinction — a lasting influence of the aristocratic tradition. These two aspects of political legitimation may appear incongruous. Yet, both make perfect sense, as some findings from a survey on the Mayors of the 1,000 largest cities and towns clearly show.