Sight Research Articles

Phototherapy as the tool of emotional identification development of adolescents

The results of the empirical stage statistically proved that phototherapy is one of the effective tools of psycho-pedagogical assistance to adolescents who experience difficulties associated with emotional identification. We diagnosed the level of formation of this phenomenon within the sample of 240 respondents who are university and school students aged 17 to 20 years female and male. A number of psycho-diagnostic methods were used in the study: the method 'Toron to alexithymia scale (TAS-26)” and the questionnaire “self-attitude.” Summarizing the results, we state that most of the studied sample is in a state of emotional well-being but emotional discomfort occurs among some respondents with certain levels of propensity for alexithymia (22.5%). The research proves the positive impact of phototherapy on adolescents' emotional identification development through photographing and creating visual pictures or direct perception and interpretation of images.

Discussion on effect of observation circumstances for image in digital radiography

The discriminability of the IQI in the film radiography is affected by the observation circumstance and the luminance of film viewer. ISO17636-2 states that the images of digital radiograph shall be examined in a dimmed room. However, it does not describe requirements for the observation environment in digital radiography, despite the fact that the environment is similar to that of a normal professional PC and the display of the images can be easily adjusted. In this report, the influence of the observation environment in digital radiography was compared as the parameters the wire diameter and the WL value of a display adjustment value when the minimum wire diameter of the image quality indicator (IQI) was percepted, using images of welded steel at t25mm and t50mm. For welded steel of t25mm, differences due to SNRN values and differences due to the observation environment of light and dark room were compared. For t50mm, differences due to the presence or absence of the observation mask for the single wire of wire IQI which is places in front of the display, differences due to the resolution and brightness of the PC monitor, and differences when the WL was adjusted arbitrarily or fixed were compared. For the Digital Radiographic testing (RT-D), the basic spatial resolutions (SRb) were obtained by measuring the profile and applying of visual observation with the duplex wire type IQI. On the other hand, when observing the image of wire type IQI, the observation ways that one was obtain the perceptible image for all wires and another was to get the perceptible single wire image by using the observation mask for watching each wire were applied. Moreover, the influence of window width (WW) and window level (WL) adjustment on the discrimination of wire-type IQI was examined by quantifying it as WW/WL. As a result, it was confirmed that the discriminality in the dimmed room and the adjustment of WW and WL were effective. In addition, using the observation a mask showed that the perception of the adjacent wire image affected observer cognition in IQI discrimination during image observation. When using viewer software profiling, SRb measurements were not affected by the observation environment, but the visual observation was affected by the environment, and when observing images in the dimmed room with RT-D, it was found that adjusting WW and WL had a greater effect on discrimination for images with low SNRN and low contrast.

Ordinal information, but not metric information, matters in binding feature with depth location in three-dimensional contexts.

A basic function of human visual perception is the ability to recognize and locate objects in the environment. It has been shown that two-dimensional (2D) location can reliably bias judgments on object identity (spatial congruency bias; Golomb et al., 2014), suggesting that 2D location information is automatically bound with object features to induce such a bias. Although the binding problem of feature and location has been vigorously studied under various 2D settings, it remains unclear how depth location can be bound with object features in a three-dimensional (3D) setting. Here we conducted five experiments in various 3D contexts using the congruency bias paradigm, and found that changes of object's depth location could influence perceptual judgments on object features differently depending on whether its relative depth order with respect to others changed or not. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the judgments on an object's color could be affected by changes in its ordinal depth, but not by changes in its absolute metric depth. Experiment 3 showed that the bias was asymmetric-changes in an object's color did bias the judgments on metric-depth location, but not if its depth order had changed. Experiments 4 and 5 investigated whether these findings could be generalized to a peripersonal near space and a large-scale far space, respectively, using more ecological virtual environments. Our findings suggest that ordinal depth plays a special role in feature-location binding: an object may be automatically bound with its relative depth relation, but not with its absolute metric-depth location. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Visual Perceptual Confidence: Exploring Discrepancies Between Self-reported and Actual Distance Perception In Virtual Reality.

Virtual Reality (VR) systems are widely used, and it is essential to know if spatial perception in virtual environments (VEs) is similar to reality. Research indicates that users tend to underestimate distances in VR. Prior work suggests that actual distance judgments in VR may not always match the users self-reported preference of where they think they most accurately estimated distances. However, no explicit investigation evaluated whether user preferences match actual performance in a spatial judgment task. We used blind walking to explore potential dissimilarities between actual distance estimates and user-selected preferences of visual complexities, VE conditions, and targets. Our findings show a gap between user preferences and actual performance when visual complexities were varied, which has implications for better visual perception understanding, VR applications design, and research in spatial perception, indicating the need to calibrate and align user preferences and true spatial perception abilities in VR.

VPRF: Visual Perceptual Radiance Fields for Foveated Image Synthesis.

Neural radiance fields (NeRF) has achieved revolutionary breakthrough in the novel view synthesis task for complex 3D scenes. However, this new paradigm struggles to meet the requirements for real-time rendering and high perceptual quality in virtual reality. In this paper, we propose VPRF, a novel visual perceptual based radiance fields representation method, which for the first time integrates the visual acuity and contrast sensitivity models of human visual system (HVS) into the radiance field rendering framework. Initially, we encode both the appearance and visual sensitivity information of the scene into our radiance field representation. Then, we propose a visual perceptual sampling strategy, allocating computational resources according to the HVS sensitivity of different regions. Finally, we propose a sampling weight-constrained training scheme to ensure the effectiveness of our sampling strategy and improve the representation of the radiance field based on the scene content. Experimental results demonstrate that our method renders more efficiently, with higher PSNR and SSIM in the foveal and salient regions compared to the state-of-the-art FoV-NeRF. The results of the user study confirm that our rendering results exhibit high-fidelity visual perception.

A Field Study about the Effects of Asymmetric Visual Perception on Lateral Driving Behaviors on Curves

A Field Study about the Effects of Asymmetric Visual Perception on Lateral Driving Behaviors on Curves

Toward a better approach for measuring visual-search slopes.

The slope of the function relating response times to the number of stimuli in a visual-search display is commonly considered a measure of search speed and is extensively used to test theories of visual cognition. Unfortunately, this important measure is confounded in multiple ways so that many classical findings in the literature must be called into question. As a way out of this predicament, we here develop a new technique to measure search speed (data collected in 2022 and 2023): Instead of manipulating the number of stimuli that need to be searched via a set-size manipulation, we achieve the intended purpose by placing the search target at different spatial positions with respect to an a-priori-known search order. Reliably inducing such a search order is the main achievement of the present study, but we also report several additional data patterns that might turn out instrumental for future research on visual attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Exploring the effects of social media on body dysmorphic disorder among citizens of Bahrain: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study assessed the relationship between social media use and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). We calculated the prevalence of BDD in our sample and explored factors that may be associated with BDD. Various factors that we explored include sociodemographic characteristics, body image perceptions, and specific social media platforms used. The key focus of our study is understanding the impact of social media on mental health, specifically in the context of BDD.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional online survey that included the standardized Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ). Data on social media use were collected through self-reported usage patterns. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify associations.ResultsIncreased overall social media use was associated with BDD (p = 0.030). The prevalence of BDD in our sample was 1.8%. Age, being single and being a student were associated with BDD, with p values of 0.004, 0.023, and < 0.001, respectively. BDD was associated with comparing one’s body image with that of people on social media (p = 0.001). BDD was associated with judging other people based on their appearance (p < 0.001). Using social media in the fields of celebrities (p = 0.020), fashion (p = 0.025), music and songs (p < 0.001) were associated with BDD.ConclusionsIncreased social media use is associated with BDD, but different patterns of social media use may affect this relationship, indicating the need for further research in this field.

On the Links Between Exposure to Traumatic Events in Religious Contexts, Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, and a Positive Perception of God's Image Among Jewish Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals in Israel.

This study constitutes one of the first investigations aiming to examine the association between traumatic experiences within religious settings and symptoms of post-traumatic stress among religious lesbians, gays, and bisexuals. Furthermore, the study tested whether the anticipated positive link between those traumatic experiences and post-traumtic stress is influenced by a positive perception of God's image. The sample consisted of 146 Israeli Jewish lesbians, gays, and bisexuals who professed a belief in God or demonstrated religious inclinations either presently or in the past. They completed self-report measures via an online questionnaire, assessing traumatic experiences within religious settings, post-traumtic stress symptoms, and positive perceptions of God's image. The findings revealed a significant and robust positive connection between traumatic experiences within religious settings and post-traumtic stress. A positive perception of God's image exhibited a negative correlation with post-traumtic stress but did not moderate the relationship traumatic experiences within religious settings and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. These findings highlight the significance of traumatic experiences within religious settings as a distinct potential risk factor of post-traumtic stress among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals and underscore the necessity of enhancing awareness among mental health professionals, religious leaders, and legal entities regarding the detrimental effects of those expereinces.

포스트 시네마 환경에서의 관객 현전에 관한 연구

This study defines the diversified media environment of contemporary visual art as a post-cinema environment and analyzes how the spatial expansion of the screen and the conceptual transformation of the camera have occurred within it. By examining the altered methods of image production, mediation, and reception, the research reveals the presence of the spectator as a noncorporeal subject in the visual field of image experience. The changes in the screen and the audience have been driven by the transition to multi-screen and multimedia environments, leading to a transformation in visual perception through physical environments that interact with images in expanded spaces. Additionally, the post-cinema camera, as a non-human agency, has broadened the scope of image production and mediation through computer imaging processes and digital technologies. It not only intervenes between the unexperienced realities beyond human cognition and the audience as the experiencing subject, but also produces and mediates images for machines as machine vision, facilitating the process of converting representation into information. Furthermore, this study argues that the issue of spectator presence in the visual field can be understood through the paradox of absence and presence in the technological context of 21st-century media. It asserts that the spectator emerges as an “electronic body” that transcends the physical body in the image reception environment. The concept of the audience's electronic body introduces perspectives on the coding and informatization of the body due to technological interventions by computers and media, as well as the hybrid sensations resulting from the interaction between bodies and devices, proposing a new notion of corporeality for non-corporeal subjects in the new media environment.

Employee suicide: The effect of cause, employer response, and gender on perceptions of organisational brand image and support.

Employee suicide: The effect of cause, employer response, and gender on perceptions of organisational brand image and support.

Evaluating the general V(λ), mismatch spectral quality factor index ƒ₁ and the uncertainty of photometers

The general term photometry refers to the measurement of light and its perceived brightness; it can be applied to various purposes, including lighting design, display calibration, and the setting of safety standards. A device used for measuring light is called a light meter or photometer. Ideally, such devices should have a spectral responsivity-that is, they should respond to light in a way which mimics the human eye's sensitivity to different wavelengths. The sensitivity of the human eye is described by the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage, CIE, luminous efficiency function, V(λ), a plot of the sensitivity of the eye versus wavelength over the visible region, from violet, approximately 380 nm, through red, approximately 780 nm. In practical applications, it is usually preferable to detect light with silicon or selenium photodetectors and measure the electrical current generated. These photodetectors are sensitive to a wide range of wavelengths, including those outside of the visible spectrum: ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR). However, due to its nature, the spectral responsivity of silicon and selenium photodetectors is also different from that of the human eye. For example, silicon photodetectors are much more sensitive to infrared radiation, which is imperceptible to human vision. This in turn leads to erroneous light measurements when using the direct raw response of the detector. The spectral quality factor and , indicating the mismatch between the spectral responsivity and the CIE luminous efficiency function V(λ), is the most crucial characteristic of photometers. The general mismatch index , denoted as V(λ), delineates the disparity between a photometer's relative spectral responsivity and the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision, V(λ). It's highly probable that photometers will adopt white light-emitting diode (LED) sources as calibration references going forward. This transition may necessitate refining the general V(λ) mismatch index's definition, possibly through alternative normalization methods for or by introducing a different assessment function for evaluating mismatches . In this research, spectral quality factor for the photometer NIS-2 has been determined with value 3.8%. This percentage value is classified the photometer NIS-2 as medium quality. The uncertainty was determined through a calculation performed using my Microsoft Excel program, and the final value obtained is 0.010.

The influence of neighbor selection on self-organized UAV swarm based on finite perception vision.

Recently, vision-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarming has emerged as a promising alternative that can overcome the adaptability and scalability limitations of distributed and communication-based UAV swarm systems. While most vision-based control algorithms are predicated on the detection of neighboring objects, they often overlook key perceptual factors such as visual occlusion and the impact of visual sensor limitations on swarm performance. To address the interaction problem of neighbor selection at the core of self-organizing UAV swarm control, a perceptually realistic finite perception visual (FPV) neighbor selection model is proposed, which is based on the lateral visual characteristics of birds, incorporates adjustable lateral visual field widths and orientations, and is able to ignore occluded agents. Based on the FPV model, a neighbor selection method based on the Acute Angle Test (AAT) is proposed,&#xD;which overcomes the limitation that the traditional neighbor selection mechanism can only interact with the nearest neighboring agents. A large number of Monte Carlo simulation comparison experiments show that the proposed FPV+AAT neighborselection mechanism can reduce the redundant communication burden between large scale self-organized UAV swarms, and outperforms the traditional neighbor selection method in terms of order, safety, union, connectivity, and noise resistance.

Multi-modal scene graph inspired policy for visual navigation

Visual navigation needs the agent locate the given target with visual perception. To enable robots to effectively execute tasks, combining large language models (LLMs) with multi-modal inputs in navigation is necessary. While LLMs offer rich semantic knowledge, they lack specific real-world information and real-time interaction capabilities. This paper introduces a Multi-modal Scene Graph (MMSG) navigation framework that aligns LLMs with visual perception models to predict next steps. Firstly, a multi-modal scene dataset is constructed, containing triplets of object-relations-target words. We provide target words and lists of existing objects in the scene to generate a large number of instructions and corresponding action plans for GPT-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$-$$\\end{document}3.5. The generated data is then utilized for pre-train LLM for path planning. During inference, we discover objects in the scene by extending the DETR visual object detector to multi-view RGB image collected from different reachable positions. Experimental results show that path planning generated from MMSG outperforms state-of-the-art methods, indicating its feasibility in complex environments. We evaluate our methods on the ProTHOR dataset and show superior navigation performance.

Human Vision as A Multi-Circuit Mathematical Model of the Automated Control System

Abstract The paper contains a proposal an original, extended mathematical model of an automatic system of human vision reaction to a forcing light pulse. A comprehensive mathematical model of the vision process was proposed in the form of an equation described in the frequency (dynamics) domain. Mathematical modelling of human senses is very important. It enables better integration of automation systems with a human cooperating with them, also as an automation system. This provides the basis for reasoning based on a mathematical model instead of intuitive reasoning about human reactions to visual stimuli. A block diagram of the proposed system with five human reaction paths is given. The following can be distinguished in the scheme: the main track consisting of: the transport delay of the eye reaction, the transport delay of the afferent nerves, the inertia of the brain with a preemptive action, the transport delay of the centrifugal nerves and the inertial and transport delay of the neuromotor system. In addition, the scheme of the system includes four tracks of negative feedback of motor and force reactions: upper eyelid, lower eyelid, pupil and lens. In the proposed model, the components of each path along with their partial mathematical models are given and discussed. For each reaction path, their overall mathematical models are also given. Taking into account the comprehensive models of all five reaction paths, a complete mathematical model of the automatic system of human reaction to a forcing light impulse is proposed. The proposed mathematical model opens up many possibilities for synchronizing it with mathematical models of many mechatronics and automation systems and their research. Optimizing the parameters of this model and its synchronization with specific models of automation systems is difficult and requires many numerical experiments. This approach enables the design of automation systems that are better synchronized with human reactions to existing stimuli and the selection of optimal parameters of their operation already in the design phase. The proposed model allows, for example, accurate determination of difficulty levels in computer games. Another example of the use of the proposed model is the study of human reactions to various situations generated virtually, for example in flight simulators and other similar ones.

INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DAN PERSEPSI REMAJA TENTANG CITRA TUBUH IDEAL

The intensity of social media (Instagram) usage is how long and how often someone accesses it. The duration of accessing Instagram often triggers perceptions about ideal body image in society. The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of the intensity of Instagram social media usage on adolescents' perceptions about ideal body image at SMA Negeri 4 Purwokerto. The research method used is a non-experimental quantitative research type with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 124 students. The research instruments included a questionnaire that measured the intensity of Instagram usage using a scale adapted from previous researchers and the perception of ideal body image using the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) measuring instrument. The test results using SPSS version 25, the characteristics of the respondents were mostly female (72.6%), the intensity of Instagram usage and adolescents' perceptions about body image were in the moderate category, 73.4% and 60.5%, respectively. The results of the Spearman rank test showed a p value of 0.004 (&lt;0.05) so that H1 was accepted and H2 was rejected. Thus, there is an influence between the intensity of Instagram use and ideal body image with a significance value of 0.004 &lt;0.05, so it can be concluded that the two variables are correlated with a correlation coefficient value of 0.259, which means that the level of relationship between the two variables is in a very weak relationship.

Immersive remote telerobotics: foveated unicasting and remote visualization for intuitive interaction

Abstract Precise and efficient performance in remote robotic teleoperation relies on intuitive interaction. This requires both accurate control actions and complete perception (vision, haptic, and other sensory feedback) of the remote environment. Especially in immersive remote teleoperation, the complete perception of remote environments in 3D allows operators to gain improved situational awareness. Color and Depth (RGB-D) cameras capture remote environments as dense 3D point clouds for real-time visualization. However, providing enough situational awareness needs fast, high-quality data transmission from acquisition to virtual reality rendering. Unfortunately, dense point-cloud data can suffer from network delays and limits, impacting the teleoperator’s situational awareness. Understanding how the human eye works can help mitigate these challenges. This paper introduces a solution by implementing foveation, mimicking the human eye’s focus by smartly sampling and rendering dense point clouds for an intuitive remote teleoperation interface. This provides high resolution in the user’s central field, which gradually reduces toward the edges. However, this systematic visualization approach in the peripheral vision may benefit or risk losing information and burdening the user’s cognitive load. This work investigates these advantages and drawbacks through an experimental study and describes the overall system, with its software, hardware, and communication framework. This will show significant enhancements in both latency and throughput, surpassing 60% and 40% improvements in both aspects when compared with state-of-the-art research works. A user study reveals that the framework has minimal impact on the user’s visual quality of experience while helping to reduce the error rate significantly. Further, a 50% reduction in task execution time highlights the benefits of the proposed framework in immersive remote telerobotics applications.

Assessing the influence of visual stimulus properties on steady-state visually evoked potentials and pupil diameter

Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) are brain responses measurable via electroencephalography (EEG) in response to continuous visual stimulation at a constant frequency. SSVEPs have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of human vision and attention, as well as in the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Ongoing questions remain about which type of visual stimulus causes the most potent SSVEP response. The current study investigated the effects of color, size, and flicker frequency on the signal-to-noise ratio of SSVEPs, complemented by pupillary light reflex measurements obtained through an eye-tracker. Six participants were presented with visual stimuli that differed in terms of color (white, red, green), shape (circles, squares, triangles), size (10,000 to 30,000 pixels), flicker frequency (8 to 25 Hz), and grouping (one stimulus at a time versus four stimuli presented in a 2×2 matrix to simulate a BCI). The results indicated that larger stimuli elicited stronger SSVEP responses and more pronounced pupil constriction. Additionally, the results revealed an interaction between stimulus color and flicker frequency, with red being more effective at lower frequencies and white at higher frequencies. Future SSVEP research could focus on the recommended waveform, interactions between SSVEP and power grid frequency, a wider range of flicker frequencies, a larger sample of participants, and a systematic comparison of the information transfer obtained through SSVEPs, pupil diameter, and eye movements.

A Knowledge Base Driven Task-Oriented Image Semantic Communication Scheme

With the development of artificial intelligence and computer hardware, semantic communication has been attracting great interest. As an emerging communication paradigm, semantic communication can reduce the requirement for channel bandwidth by extracting semantic information. This is an effective method that can be applied to image acquisition of unmanned aerial vehicles, which can transmit high-data-volume images within the constraints of limited available bandwidth. However, the existing semantic communication schemes fail to adequately incorporate the guidance of task requirements into the semantic communication process and are difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes of tasks. A task-oriented image semantic communication scheme driven by knowledge base is proposed, aiming at achieving high compression ratio and high quality image reconstruction, and effectively solving the bandwidth limitation. This scheme segments the input image into several semantic information unit under the guidance of task requirements by Yolo-World and Segment Anything Model. The assigned bandwidth for each unit is according to the task relevance scores, which enables high-quality transmission of task-related information with lower communication overheads. An improved metric weighted learned perceptual image patch similarity (LPIPS) is proposed to evaluate the transmission accuracy of the novel scheme. Experimental results show that our scheme achieves a notable performance improvement on weighted LPIPS while the same compression ratio compared with traditional image compression schemes. Our scheme has a higher target capture ratio than traditional image compression schemes under the task of target detection.

Time to consider ruling out inclusion bodies denaturing protocols for spontaneous solubilization of biologically active proteins

The formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) in microbial cell factories is a very common process occurring during recombinant protein production. Different protocols have been developed for the extraction of soluble proteins from IBs using several strategies, ranging from the use of harsh denaturing and high concentrations of chaotropic agents and reducing agents to the use of mild protocols based on the use of non-denaturing detergents. However, in recent years, the biological vision of IBs has changed and research studies have demonstrated that these protein aggregates contain biologically active and properly folded recombinant proteins. This drives us to redefine the methodologies currently used to obtain soluble protein using IB as a protein source. Hence, we propose the extraction of IB protein via the simple spontaneous solubilization of IB as a strategy broadly applicable to all kinds of recombinant proteins without the negative effects of detergents and chaotropic agents on final biological activity. We prove the wide applicability of spontaneous solubilization processes to different types of IBs and that protocols can be easily customized for each protein in terms of timing and incubation temperature by monitoring the protein activity of the solubilized fraction.