School Vision Screening Research Articles

Visual Tests for Motor-Drivers

THE Council of British Ophthalmologists, realising the importance of submitting chauffeurs and other drivers of motor vehicles to some visual tests, appointed a committee to consider the question. Its report is divided into five parts:—(i) The existing conditions under which licences are at present granted; (2) the number of accidents occasioned annually in London by mechanically propelled vehicles; (3) the various kinds of visual defects in motor-drivers from which accidents may arise; (4) proposed scheme of visual testing for licences; and (5) summary of recommendations. The subject is complicated by the following facts. There are two licensing authorities, the county or borough councils and the police authorities. The requirements vary according to the type of vehicle, e.g. private cars, commercial cars, omnibuses, taxi-cabs, and tramcars. The total number of applicants for licences makes it impracticable to submit every one to a satisfactory sight test. The council's chief recommendations are:—

SUBJECTIVE SIGHT TESTING

The Australasian Journal of OptometryVolume 1, Issue 10 p. 7-9 Article SUBJECTIVE SIGHT TESTING J. K. Cumberland, J. K. CumberlandSearch for more papers by this author J. K. Cumberland, J. K. CumberlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 December 1919 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1919.tb00301.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1, Issue1010 December 1919Pages 7-9 RelatedInformation

SIGHT TESTING

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 26 p. 543-544 The Value of Notification SIGHT TESTING First published: 01 December 1916 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1916.tb90904.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue26December 1916Pages 543-544 RelatedInformation

Duty

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 26 p. 543-543 Sight Testing Duty First published: 01 December 1916 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1916.tb90903.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue26December 1916Pages 543-543 RelatedInformation

Eyesight and the War 1

(1) The Army Sight Test. AS the subject of refraction is our text this evening it is only meet that we should remember the enormous debt we owe to Donders, the great Dutch ophthalmologist, the centenary of whose birth will be celebrated in Holland as soon as the war is over.

SIGHT AND COLOUR VISION TESTS

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 1, Issue 17 p. 345-345 The Anxac Medical Association SIGHT AND COLOUR VISION TESTS First published: 01 April 1916 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1916.tb17862.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue17April 1916Pages 345-345 RelatedInformation

Light Perception and Colour Perception

THE Departmental Committee on Sight Tests has recommended a method of classifying colour-blindness by measuring the luminosity of the colour sensations by means of the flicker method of photometry. The degree of abnormality is estimated by the ratio of red to green compared with the normal. This classification is absolutely erroneous. Light perception and colour perception are quite distinct—that is to say, there may be considerable defect of colour perception without defect of light perception. The first two cases of colour-blindness (dichromics who confused red and green) examined by me on the method suggested by the Committee had a ratio identical with the normal, whilst a man who had not the least defect of colour perception had an abnormal ratio. Prof. A. W. Porter and I examined one of the above-mentioned colour-blind men by another method, and we could not detect the least defect in the perception of luminosity in any part of the spectrum. We ascertained the point of extinction and the point of reappearance of light from all parts of the spectrum.

Committee on Sight Tests for Seamen

THE Departmental Committee appointed by the Board of Trade, in June, 1910, has reported at considerable length on the questions submitted to it, and has, it may be hoped, brought the controversy concerning them to a conclusion. The Committee was appointed “to inquire what degree of colour-blindness or defective form vision in persons holding responsible positions at sea causes them to be incompetent to discharge their duties, and to advise whether any and, if so, what alterations are desirable in the Board of Trade sight tests at present in force for persons serving or intending to serve in the Merchant Service or in fishing vessels, or in the way in which these tests are applied.”

Sight Tests in the Mercantile Marine

THE Board of Trade has published the annual return of the sight tests used in the mercantile marine for the year ending December 31, 1910 (Parliamentary Paper, Cd. 5876), a return which includes the examinations in both form and colour vision. In the course of the year 7502 candidates were examined, including fishermen who sought to obtain certificates as skipper or second hand of fishing boats, and of this total 109 (1.46 per cent.) failed in form vision, and one of them, who was re-examined, failed again. One hundred and forty-one failed in colour vision, but of these 69 were re-examined on appeal, and 29 of them passed, leaving 112 (1.56 per cent.) as ultimate failures.

Sight Tests in the Mercantile Marine

THE Board of Trade has issued an important report (Cd. 5256) on the sight tests used in the mercantile marine during the year 1909. Out of 6084 candidates, 56 failed in form vision, and were-not re-examined; while out of the remaining 6028 there were 86 failures in colour-vision, of whom 31 appealed and were re-examined, with the result that 15 were passed and 16 were finally rejected. The total absolute rejections were, therefore, 71 in 6084, or 1/49 per cent. During the first ten months of the year, colour vision was tested by the three skeins of wool originally recommended for the p'urpose by Holmgren; but during November and December two other skeins, a purple and a yellow, were added. With these the rejections were in somewhat larger proportion (1.81 per cent, against 1.17) than when only three skeins were used; but the total number of candidates examined by the new method (882) was hardly sufficient to afford any basis for a conclusion.

Sight Testing by Opticians.

Sight Testing by Opticians.