Screening Analysis Research Articles

Effect of Various Coarse Aggregates on the Compressive Strength of Concrete in Jalalabad City, Afghanistan

One of the most frequently used building materials on the globe is concrete. Concrete is composed of aggregate, water, and cement. This study investigated the influence of different coarse aggregates on the compressive strength of concrete. The coarse aggregates used in the experimental design consisted of crushed granite, crushed river stone, and natural gravel, with river sand as the fine aggregate. Sieve analysis and unite weight was performed on specimens frequently used by citizens. Fresh Portland cement and water-cement ratios of 0.55 and 0.7 were both used. To investigate the influence of various aggregates on concrete compressive strength a specimen for 20 N/mm2 concrete ratio of 1:1.5:3, and 48 concrete cubes measuring 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm were casted in the laboratory at Alfalah University. For fresh concrete, the slump test results were 63 mm for crushed granite, 65 mm for crushed river stone, and 50 mm for natural gravel. Crushing the concrete cubes after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days determined the compressive strength. Additionally, the highest compressive strength values achieved for crushed granite were 25.94 N/mm2, crushed river stone was 23.68 N/mm2, and natural aggregate concrete was 17.73 N/mm2. Based on these findings, crushed granite has been recommended for usage in reinforced concrete applications.

Assessment of Ovbiomu Coal for Industrial Application

This research is to assess the quality of Ovbiomu lignite coal deposited for optimum utilization in metallurgical industries in Ovbiomu. Samples of coal were collected for analysis and sample was collected from five different stationary lots until 10 kilograms of the sample was collected and 500g was taken for characterization. The sample was reduced using jaw crusher and ball milled to a size of 1400μm and 1 kilograms of 1400μm was further reduced to 1100μm and was classified into various sieve sizes using mechanical sieve shaker. CalK2 bomb calorimeter was used to determine the calorific value of the head sample, the economic liberation size and the actual liberation size. The proximate analysis of the head sample and all the sieve sizes was done using Furnace, oven, porcelain crucibles, analytical balance, and desiccator to ascertain the individual carbon content. Ultimate analysis was done using XRD and concentration was done using froth flotation method. Result from sieve analysis shows that at 1000 μm, 710 μm, 500 μm, 355 μm, 250 μm, 180 μm, 25 μm, 90 μm, 63 μm, and -63 μm, the following weight was retained 1.45 g 1.86 g, 3.73 g, 3.5 g, 14.61 g, 48.28 g, 0.15 g, 0.17 g and 0.20 g respectively. The economic liberation size was found out to be 180um where most of the sample is retained and the actual liberation size was found out to be 125um but with a very small quantity retained. The results of the calorific value of the head sample and each of the sieve sizes of 250μm, 180μm, and 125μm, was determined to be 24.51MJ/Kg, 25.86MJ/Kj, 18.57MJ/Kg and 38.07MJ/Kg respectively, the following are result of percentage carbon content, for the Head sample (40.65%), 1000μm (29.55%), 710μm (38.53%), 500μm (42.43%), 335μm (35.42%), 250μm(43.07%), 180μm (30.92),125μm (63.40%) 90μm (0.56%) 63μm (0.62%) and -63μm (9.91%). The result of ultimate analysis of the sample shows Nitrogen (1.15%), Hydrogen (4.80%), Sulphur (0.13%) and Oxygen (29.56%).

SWELLING POTENTIAL OF CLAY SOIL KALIWANGU FORMATION IN CIBOGO DISTRICT, SUBANG REGENCY AREA BASED ON ITS BASIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

The research is conducted in Cibogo District, Subang Regency. Focus of the research is taking samples in area inside Kaliwangu Formation by doing field observation and field sampling using disturbed sample method then it will be tested in laboratory for its basic physical properties. Result of its basic physical properties will be analyzed to determine their swelling potential by taking 5 sample of soil from Kaliwangu Formation. Based on sieve analysis every sample of Kaliwangu Formation (Pk) have more than 50% of clay fraction for each sample, and based on Atterberg limit test Kaliwangu Formation (Pk) samples are dominated by Silt High Plasticity (MH) soil with 3 samples of the MH type and only 2 samples of the CH type. According to consistency limit test of Kaliwangu Formation (Pk) soil, the swelling potential can be determined by classify it based on liquid limit (%) and plasticity index (%) using swelling potential classification. Using the soil consistency value, especially the liquid limit value and the plasticity index value, it can be classified as the swelling potential of Kaliwangu Formation (Pk) classified as high - very high potential with a very high dominance.

SOIL ERODIBILITY AND ITS EROSION POTENTIAL IN SADAWARNA DAN AND SURROUNDING AREA, CIBOGO DISTRICT, SUBANG REGENCY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE

The Sadawarna Dam and its surroundings, which are located in Subang Regency, are currently under construction. Change in land use caused by the construction occurred. Land management and soil conservation are needed to prevent uncontrolled erosion because it can caused slopes in critical condition, flood occurred in the downstream areas of river, and silting of dam. One of the information in land management and soil conservation is by identifying the soil erodibility which aims to find out the sensitivity of the soil to erosion in the research area. Soil erodibility affected by grain size distribution, soil structure, soil organic matter, and soil permeability. In this research area, the soil erodibility was calculated based on disturbed sample in the field which was then tested in the laboratory. The laboratory tests include sieve analysis, hydrometer analysis, and %c organic. Soil permeability obtained from previous studies. The research area is dominated by clay-sized soil which are the result of weathered claystone in Subang Formation. Soil erodibility value in the research area ranged from 1,100 – 0,448 t ha h/ha MJ cm with dominance of low soil erodibility classes. The dominance of clay-sized soil causes low soil erodibility value because clay sized soil has cohesive properties so it tends to be difficult to erode.

Bearing capacity of Percut Sei Tuan clay stabilized with palm shell ash

Improvements to the bearing capacity of the soil have been carried out and developed at this time, one of which is the stabilization of clay soils. There are several alternatives to solve low soil bearing capacity, one of which is using geo-synthetic materials but has a weakness in terms of high cost. Another alternative is to add palm shell ash as a stabilizing agent. The effect of adding palm shell ash has not been thoroughly studied, so further research is needed. The material added is palm shell ash with a variation of 0%, 4%, 8%, 10%, and 12% in each test. The tests carried out in the laboratory were water content (w), specific gravity test (Gs), Atterberg limit test, sieve analysis (sieve analysis), soil compaction test, and CBR (California Bearing Ratio) test. The CBR test was carried out by curing the soil for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days with a mixture of palm shell ash before compaction. The soil in this study belongs to the A-7-5 group. The CBR (California bearing ratio) value increased with the increase in the palm shell ash percentage in the mixture after curing the soil. The highest CBR value was in the variation of 12% palm shell ash with a 7-day curing period of 6.92% with a soil bearing capacity of 5.06.

Recycling 3D Printed Concrete Waste for Normal Strength Concrete Production

As the use of 3D-printed concrete becomes more prevalent, the need for effective recycling methods becomes paramount. This study addresses this concern by exploring the repurposing of 3D-printed concrete waste as an aggregate in normal-strength concrete for C30/37 and C40/50 classes, covering both fine and coarse aggregates in its particle size distribution. The extent of recycled aggregate (RA) replacement was determined through sieve analysis. A two-stage investigation assessed the compressive strength performance of the concrete specimens. The initial stage produced reference specimens with no replacement, representing conventional concrete. In the second stage, variable specimens incorporated 50% and 67% recycled aggregate (RA) from 3D-printed concrete waste. Results revealed that in C40/50, both the 50% and 67% replacements consistently exhibited a higher strength than 0%. In C30/37, the 50% replacement displayed decreased strength compared to the 0% and 67%, while the 67% replacement consistently showed superior strength. Adjusting the water content impacted strength; at 67%, slight variations occurred, while at 50%, extra water led to a significant decrease. An overarching discovery is that the efficacy of the 67% replacement level holds regardless of the concrete strength class.

Simulasi Model Material Tanah Pada Bidang Gelincir Longsor Dengan Variasi Sudut Kemiringan (Studi Kasus Material Tanah di Daerah Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara)

Landslides are one of the geological disasters that often occur in Indonesia. North Gorontalo is an area where landslides occur every year. Based on data from the 2022 Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD), in the last year, there were 8 landslides. Landslides can occur due to several factors, namely; human factors and natural factors. In principle, landslides occur when the restraining force is less than the driving force. In this study a landslide simulation will be carried out using a simulation model made on a lab scale, the size of the simulation model is 40 cm x 30 cm x 25 cm. The simulation was carried out using soil samples taken at the research location. Variables that were observed during the simulation were the effect of the slope angle (o) on the exiting water (ml), the water infiltration time (t), and the effect of the slope (o) on the depth of the slip plane (cm). The soil taken from the research location will be subjected to a sieving analysis test with a hydrometer test to determine the texture class of the soil. From the soil texture test results, some of the research locations have a sand-gravel type of texture. The simulation test carried out also obtained the result that the slope of the slope greatly influences the water infiltration time with the depth of the slip plane. The greater the angle of the slope of the sled that is carried out, the results of the variable being measured will also be directly proportional.

Enantioseparation of organometallic compounds by electromigration techniques.

Over time, chiral organometallic compounds have attracted great interest in several fields, with applications going across several disciplines of chemical, biological, medical, and material sciences. In the last decades, due to advancements in molecular design and computational modeling, the chemistry of chiral transition metal complexes had a remarkable flowering, with the development of new structures for applications in asymmetric synthesis, bioinorganic chemistry, and molecular recognition. In these fields, fast chiral analysis to determine the enantiomeric purity of organometallic structures prepared by asymmetric synthesis, and for high-throughput screening of analytes, catalysts, and reactions, is very important. Capillary electrophoresis and related techniques proved to be extremely versatile for chiral analysis, showing unsurpassed advantages compared to chromatography like low consumption of materials, production of limited amounts of waste, fast equilibration, and possibility to replace easily type and concentration of the chiral selector, among others. Furthermore, electromigration techniques may be useful to gain details about the stereochemistry of the enantiomers of new compounds and to study analyte-selector noncovalent interactions at molecular level. On this basis, this short review aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive view on the enantioseparation of organometallic compounds by electromigration techniques, examining the topic from the historical perspective and showing what was made in this field so far, an essential know-how for developing new and advanced applications in the next future.

Research on the possibility of obtaining medium-carbon ferromanganese from the Djezdinskoe deposit

In this article, the results of laboratory studies on the smelting of medium-carbon ferromanganese using Djezdinskoe ores are presented. Kazakhstan has significant reserves of manganese ores represented by iron-manganese and carbonate-oxide ores. The manganese ores of the Djezdinskoe deposit are characterized by a relatively high manganese content (48%) and low iron content (2-5%). Sieve analysis was used to study the particle size distribution of the ore. Based on the results of the sieve analysis of ore samples obtained after sieving, a high manganese content (53.54%), low iron content (0.47%), and silicon dioxide content (2.25%) were identified. Laboratory experiments were conducted on smelting medium-carbon ferromanganese in the high-temperature Tamman furnace. According to the results of the laboratory experiments, it is recommended to use the size classes of -5.0 + 0.0 mm to obtain high-quality low-phosphorus silicon-manganese alloy and the size class of +5.0 to produce medium-carbon ferromanganese. The average chemical composition of the metal and slag is as follows: % Mn – 86 – 88; Si – 0.04 – 0.35; Fe – 1.78 – 2.0; P – 0.06 – 0.09; C – 1.5 – 2.0; MnO – 19-20; SiO2 – 13.94-14.5; CaO – 23.35 – 24.85; MgO – 13.25-14.0. Thus, an optimal technological scheme has been developed for the production of a wide range of manganese ferroalloys.

Toward the Assembly of 2D Tunable Crystal Patterns of Spherical Colloids on a Wafer-Scale.

Entering an era of miniaturization prompted scientists to explore strategies to assemble colloidal crystals for numerous applications, including photonics. However, wet methods are intrinsically less versatile than dry methods, whereas the manual rubbing method of dry powders has been demonstrated only on sticky elastomeric layers, hindering particle transfer in printing applications and applicability in analytical screening. To address this clear impetus of broad applicability, we explore here the assembly on nonelastomeric, rigid substrates by utilizing the manual rubbing method to rapidly (≈20 s) attain monolayers comprising hexagonal closely packed (HCP) crystals of monodisperse dry powder spherical particles with a diameter ranging from 500 nm to 10 μm using a PDMS stamp. Our findings elucidate that the tribocharging-induced electrostatic attraction, particularly on relatively stiff substrates, and contact mechanics force between particles and substrates are critical contributors to attain large-scale HCP structures on conductive and insulating substrates. The best performance was obtained with polystyrene and PMMA powder, while silica was assembled only in HCP structures on fluorocarbon-coated substrates under zero-humidity conditions. Finally, we successfully demonstrated the assembly of tunable crystal patterns on a wafer-scale with great control on fluorocarbon-coated wafers, which is promising in microelectronics, bead-based assays, sensing, and anticounterfeiting applications.

Prevention efficacy of the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 depends on HIV-1 envelope sequence features

In the Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials (HVTN 704/HPTN 085 and HVTN 703/HPTN 081), prevention efficacy (PE) of the monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) VRC01 (vs. placebo) against HIV-1 acquisition diagnosis varied according to the HIV-1 Envelope (Env) neutralization sensitivity to VRC01, as measured by 80% inhibitory concentration (IC80). Here, we performed a genotypic sieve analysis, a complementary approach to gaining insight into correlates of protection that assesses how PE varies with HIV-1 sequence features. We analyzed HIV-1 Env amino acid (AA) sequences from the earliest available HIV-1 RNA-positive plasma samples from AMP participants diagnosed with HIV-1 and identified Env sequence features that associated with PE. The strongest Env AA sequence correlate in both trials was VRC01 epitope distance that quantifies the divergence of the VRC01 epitope in an acquired HIV-1 isolate from the VRC01 epitope of reference HIV-1 strains that were most sensitive to VRC01-mediated neutralization. In HVTN 704/HPTN 085, the Env sequence-based predicted probability that VRC01 IC80 against the acquired isolate exceeded 1 µg/mL also significantly associated with PE. In HVTN 703/HPTN 081, a physicochemical-weighted Hamming distance across 50 VRC01 binding-associated Env AA positions of the acquired isolate from the most VRC01-sensitive HIV-1 strain significantly associated with PE. These results suggest that incorporating mutation scoring by BLOSUM62 and weighting by the strength of interactions at AA positions in the epitope:VRC01 interface can optimize performance of an Env sequence-based biomarker of VRC01 prevention efficacy. Future work could determine whether these results extend to other bnAbs and bnAb combinations.

Mitigation strategies to reduce particulate matter concentrations in civil engineering laboratories

In the departments of civil engineering, many experiments are conducted in laboratories for educational and research purposes. Varying degrees of respirable dust are generated as the outcome of these experiments, which could cause harm to instructors’ and students’ health. This study is devised to highlight the importance of indoor air quality in university laboratories. As part of the research, four different particulate matter (PM) sizes (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM4.0, and PM10) were measured during specific experiments—sieve analysis, preparation of the concrete mixture, crushing aggregate by jaw crusher, dynamic triaxial compression test, sieve analysis of silt specimen, cleaning sieve by an air compressor, and proctor compaction test—being conducted periodically in the laboratories of civil engineering departments. The measured values are mainly high compared to indoor air quality standards. Mitigation strategies were applied to reduce indoor air PM levels in the three experiments that contained the highest PM levels. The results have shown that mitigation strategies applied as control measures could make a remarkable difference in protecting instructors and civil engineering students.

The Effect of Soaking K-300 Concrete Using Seawater on Concrete Quality

Concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water with or without additional ingredients to form a solid mass, its use is very common in building structures, but the final quality of the strength of the concrete depends on many factors, including the implementation of its manufacture. and immersion. The research aimed to determine changes in the quality of k-300 concrete and the maximum strength of concrete immersed in salt water. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, University of 17 August 1945 Samarinda for 2 months. The stages of research activities are starting, literature study, preparation of materials and tools, testing concrete building materials in the laboratory, designing concrete mixes, making test objects/samples, evaluation, testing concrete compressive strength, conclusions, and reporting. Tests carried out in the laboratory include: (1) checking wear/abrasion of coarse aggregate using the Los Angeles method; (2) examination of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate sieve analysis; (3) examination of specific gravity and SSD absorption of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate; (4) checking water content; (5) checking mud and clay levels; (6) checking the bulk density of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and mixed aggregate; (7) inspection of concrete slump experiments; (8) soaking concrete using seawater and freshwater; and (9) checking concrete compression strength. The research results show that: (1) The compressive strength of K-300 concrete soaked in seawater, namely 304,915 f'c, is lower than that soaked in fresh water, namely 308,580 f'c; and (2) differences in concrete compressive strength occur at old concrete ages (21 days and 28 days) but at young concrete ages (3, 7 and 14 days) there are no differences in compressive strength.

Investigation of the technological profile of illegally distributed tobacco derivatives and smoking products

The current investigation includes technological assessment and interpretation of the profile of tobaccos, tobacco derivatives and smoking products illegally distributed in Bulgaria, as officially provided for expertise in the Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute (TTPI) by external contractors (legitimate state structures) in 2021. The physical and chemical properties of the tobacco objects, depending on their nature, were determined according to standardized methods. The biggest share in the analyses (139 in total) took the determination of tobacco cut width (39%) and particle size fractionation (37%), which supported the observation that the illicit tobacco market in Bulgaria is recently dominated by cut tobacco for hand-rolled cigarettes. In the cut tobacco predominated long and medium-sized strands, but in widely varying proportions (42.27-81.78% and 9.98-38.46%, respectively), with cut width in 0.59-1.06 mm range. The sieve analysis and the expert examination of the tobacco derivatives revealed that they were undoubtedly technological tobacco waste, and, respectively, that accentuated data must be communicated to consumers about the risks associated with the smoking of such tobacco articles. It was found that all illicitly traded fine-cut tobacco blends produced considerably higher tar (12.25-16.05 mg/cig) and CO (12.74-16.94 mg/cig) emissions than the limits set for conventional cigarettes.

Microstructure Analysis and Permanent Deformation of Porous Asphalt incorporating Steel Fiber

Porous asphalt composition is frequently used for the surface extraction layer of pavements because to its open structure and high air void percentage, which lessens disturbance and offers protection during precipitation. Porous asphalt composition has a high air void percentage. This would make it possible for water to be stored horizontally inside the pavement layer as well as moved about within that layer. It is possible that this may lessen the impacts of splash and spray, hence improving drivers’ sight during rainstorms. On the other hand, because to the large percentage of air voids contained inside it, the porous asphalt would be prone to rutting, cracking, and peeling. The goal of this research is to explore the microstructure of porous asphalt that has been mixed with steel fibers in proportions ranging from 0 percent to 0.3 percent. The second objective was to analyze the long-term deformation of porous asphalt that had either 0 or 0.3 percent steel fiber content. In this study, a porous asphalt composition was developed with the help of Marshall mix design. Using sieve analysis, the whole mixture of coarse, fine, filler, bituminous binder, and a range of aggregate sizes was separated into its component parts. Pictures taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), an x-ray diffractometer (XRD), and a fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) are being used in this inquiry (FTIR). The findings point to the possibility that the performance of porous asphalt mixture might be greatly improved by the addition of steel fiber. Additionally, one may make the case that steel fiber has a longer lifespan than the several other forms of fiber that are used in porous asphalt pavement.

ОЦЕНКА СООТВЕТСТВИЯ БУРОВЫХ РЕАГЕНТОВ, ПОСТАВЛЯЕМЫХ ИЗ СЕВЕРНЫХ РАЙОНОВ КИТАЯ

The article presents the results of conformity assessment of reagents for oil well drilling, produced and supplied to Russia from China. The current state of Russian-Chinese co-operation in the field of supply of oilfield chemicals and reagents for drilling oil and gas wells is presented. It is shown that the import of xanthan gum and guar gum is necessary and alternative-free due to the lack of raw materials for the production of these types of drilling reagents in Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the current situation of sanctions pressure and trade and economic blockade by Western countries, which gives cooperation with China in various industrial areas a strategic nature. After the withdrawal of Western companies it was China that replaced huge volumes of chemical reagents for oil production, in this connection it is necessary to control Chinese chemistry in terms of efficiency and safety of application at oil and gas production facilities. The methods of viscometry, gravimetry, sieve analysis were used in this work. Two samples of xanthan resin and one sample of low viscosity polyanionic cellulose were tested. As a result of the tests it was shown that the quality of Chinese-made drilling reagents meets the requirements of Russian and international standards. In addition, new technical possibilities for viscosity determination on the rotational viscometer have been revealed, which consist in the possibility of using a rotational viscometer equipped with a torsion spring f1, instead of a rotational viscometer equipped with a torsion spring f0.2, specified in the international standard ISO 13500. The work also shows the unlikelihood of organochlorine compounds in the composition of polyanionic cellulose and xanthan gum.

Enrichment of manufactured waste at the AMMC copper processing factory in Uzbekistan

This article is devoted to the additional extraction of valuable components from the waste tailings of the AMMC copper processing plant. The mineral composition of the waste tailings of the CCP is mainly represented by quartz, feldspars, sericites and, in a subordinate amount, mafic and secondary minerals. Pyrite is the most widespread ore mineral in the waste tailings of the CCP. Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, molybdenite, and iron oxides are also noted. The copper content in the selected spot samples from tailings after chemical analysis averaged 0.139%. A sieve analysis was carried out to determine the granulometric composition of waste tailings, the distribution of valuable components by size classes. On the basis of the obtained results on the study of the material composition, flotation of tailings of the CCP AMMC was carried out with recleaning of the main flotation concentrate. During tailings flotation with one recleaning of the main flotation concentrate, the extraction of copper and molybdenum into the total concentrate is 56.8% and 63.8%, respectively.

Utilization of Waste Aggregate for Aggregate Construction for Improvement of Soil Bearing Capacity

Soil bearing capacity is one of the important elements when designing the foundation, bridges, and embankment. The soil bearing capacity needs to be improved due to the weak soil such as clayey silt or silty clay soil that was encountered at the construction site. There are many stabilizations method such as bio treatment of the subgrade, chemical stabilization method, chemical grouting or injection systems, aggregates, or reuse of the waste materials, geosynthetic reinforced embankment and vibro compaction. One of the most common chemical stabilization methods is by using additives to improve soil strength. There are a few wastes material that can be used for strengthening clay soil which is more economic and environmentally friendly. The objective of this research is to improve the soil engineering parameters and bearing capacity using Recycled Waste Aggregates (RWA). In this study, soil samples will be added with different percentage weight of RWA and undergo a few series of laboratory experiments to study its behavior which will be sieve analysis, specific gravity, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The optimization of the percentage of recycled concrete aggregates can be determined from the simulation method. For bearing capacity value, the increase of bearing capacity greatly increases as the percentage of RCA increased and the optimum percentage of RCA is 15%. It concluded that the increasing value of RCA will improve the strength and soil subgrade structures. Recycled Concrete Aggregates have a really great potential material to be used in engineering.

Evaluation of Sylhet sadar upazila's geological formation for groundwater availability

There is sparse of hydrogeological data and insufficient knowledge in many areas of the country reliant on groundwater. Given the exponential expansion in groundwater consumption in recent years, it is imperative to comprehend how groundwater reservoirs respond to both natural and anthropogenic situations. Because of its extensive and unequal distribution, groundwater must be carefully studied in some locations to preserve this precious resource. This study was carried out to evaluate and assess the geological formation and some relevant parameters to enrich the geotechnical information of the study area for future use of groundwater. The soil samples used for the study were obtained from 8 SPT boreholes at 0 to 800 ft.depth at various work stations by percussion drilling method and all laboratory tests were conducted by BS 1377. Drilled soil sample with water was collected in a Polythene bag with a permanent marker pen at 20 ft.intervals of the drilling layer to perform a sieve analysis test. Percentage fines decreased with an increase in boring depth and curves were closely packed homogeneity. The quantity of free silt and clay progressively reduced and coarsen materials were formed with the increase in boring depth. Results show that soil particle sizes increase with boringdepth up to the upper surface of it. However, the area is suitable in terms of groundwater availability.

Evaluation of Grain Size Distribution by Digital Image Processing

Sieve analysis tests are frequently used to determine the grain size distribution of granular materials. This project proposes an ImageJbased image analysis approach for evaluating aggregate particle size distribution. Grain size in image analysis should be estimated to compare the graduation curves between the two methods.. Black sheets were more effective than white sheets for particle placement, perhaps due to light effects. This technology may be utilized for in-suit testing, as it requires a camera and computer. The study used monochromatic light and a highdefinition camera to capture grain photos while controlling for background, light direction, and intensity. A ground truth was established to evaluate errors in determining grain areas. All grain shape parameters are obtained using the ImageJ program. The grain size distribution curve is generated using image analysis.