Side Of Reality Research Articles

«Не произноси имени Божьего всуе» — нечто вроде проповеди о затруднениях религиозной речи

The work is an attempt to rethink religion beyond the horizon of modernity. The secular view, which treats religion as a relic, reducing it to an internal mental state and placing it on the other side of reality, appears to be a dead end from all sides. First, it cuts us off both from the rich religious heritage of the past and from religious phenomena of the present. Second, it creates a dysfunctional public sphere in which multiple meaningful relations with the world as a merely-internal relationship lack ontological dignity, and the reality of which science speaks is devoid of meaning. In contrast, the author proposes to abandon viewing religion in connection with the total social institution of the past (the church) and to understand it as a special mode of utterance, the key to which is the religious speech act. The mode of religious utterance is contrasted with the modern mode of scientific utterance. Science transports information without deformation: through representation it provides access to distant states of affairs in space and time. In contrast, the essence of the religious speech act is re-presentation, a return to the here-and-now that creates personalities and collectives of personalities in presence. Today’s crisis of religion as a mode of utterance is associated with two opposing but overlapping points. On the side of religion there is a “debt of translation:” having lost the spirit of innovation, the champions of religion stop translating its (always the same) message into the living language of everyday life, which results in a reactionary critique of modernity. On the other hand, the social sciences are characterized by “anti-fetishism:” for them religion serves as a model of irrationality, but their critique is based on a false understanding of religion as a belief.

The Paradoxical Vision of Conrad’s Lord Jim

Conrad’s Lord Jim is a novel filled with paradoxes and oxymorons. They draw attention to the compellingly dual nature of the human experience, forcing the reader to confront two sides of reality. The paradoxes underscore the human predicament, prevent easy resolutions, and provoke sympathy and judgment, especially in Jim’s case. In revealing the dual nature of the human experience, these paradoxes often dilute the seriousness of the situation with humor as in the incongruous juxtaposition of courage with cowardice on board the Patna. A similar paradox also hangs over Jim’s conduct while on board the ship and his meditation on suicide in the lifeboat, which Marlow calls both tragic and funny. Even Stein’s famous but cryptic paradoxes are lightened by humor. They appear as well in the Patusan chapters, for Jim is both the conqueror and the conquered of the land and of Jewel, Jim’s beloved.

ГОСУДАРСТВО В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ И ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОСТЬ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ФОРМ

The article explores the issues of methodology for identifying spatial political forms, considering the centrality of the state as an actual dominant of the world political space, and as the master-category of political analysis. The scarcity of political theory in this direction has a protracted character, which determines the need to search for tools to identify the elemental composition of the political space and the fundamental possibilities of its structuring. Analysis discovers the methodological insufficiency of empirically oriented approaches to solve the problem of finding structural alternatives to the state, associated with reliance on analytical scaling. Within this technic the conclusions regarding the main directions in the transformation of the political space acquire a competing character, not being contradictory in themselves, but only reflecting different sides of reality. The conceptual obstacle to this strategy is the standard idea for modern political theory idea of political space that is a vertically ordered leveled structure. A research strategy based on theoretical modeling of the possibilities of structuring political space is proposed. An approach employs the analysis of the quality of spatial elements constituting the spatial form of politics. It is shown that the possibility of this strategy is deeply rooted in the traditions of the theory of state and law, however, has not been properly developed. Within the framework of the proposed agenda, the state is considered as a spatial form based on a special strategy of territorialization. The influence of the insular territoriality on the social and power spatial dimensions of the state is investigated; the spatial uniqueness of state political form is shown; and, based on the possibilities of acquiring other systemic qualities by constitutive elements and the quality of their assembly into a functional unity, alternative forms are proposed.

Theory in the historical progress of psychological cognition

The article analyzes the correlation between the theory and history of psychology on the basis of a concept, which is formed in the process of researching the work of the outstanding Ukrainian scientist V. A Romenets. According to the concept, psychological cognition is a historical-logical-psychological process that is carried out on an epistemological basis and runs from dualism to monism; stages of the process are ways to solve the main problem of psychology, which fixes the need to characterize the mental as subjective in view of the objective; patterns of the process illuminates the thinking of the author of the theory of mind in solving this problem. The state of theoretical psychology is critically assessed, the latter is understood as marked by the theory of mind progress of psychological cognition. The example of V. A. Romenets’ creative dialogue with his predecessors shows that the theory is evidence of the author’s extraordinary place in this process. The search for the place of man in cognition ends with the proclamation of man as a subject of cognition, a body of self-knowledge of the world, capable of comprehending an object within the limits of its thinking. In epistemology, it is substantialism, proceduralism; the principle of observation is opposed by the principle of involvement; man’s place in cognition is characterized either dualistically or monistically. The idea of the identity of thought and being means that the condition of cognition is the coincidence of the way of understanding an object with the way of its existence. The philosophy of science either denies or affirms the principle of involvement, the same thing happens in the psychology of science. Subjectocentrism in epistemology is echoed in psychology by the opposition of the subjective to the objective, overcoming this opposition generates monistic theories in both epistemology and psychology. In psychology, this is the main problem; it is accentuated by the circle of cognition that the psychologist enters into when, using his own psychic, he explores the nature of the psychic. The problem – a source of psychological knowledge, the circle – evidence of the direct presence of a psychologist in this process. Marxist psychologists solve the problem monistically, in terms of the category of practice. Solutions encounter difficulties, ideas deepen the content of the category of practice and open the possibility of new solutions to this problem. Psychologists of the post-Soviet era do not think as a category of practice and, in contrast to the activity-based, assert the subjective approach. From an epistemological point of view, this is subject-centrism, and from a historical and psychological point of view, it is a step in the opposite direction. According to V. A. Roments, the main way of practice is the act as a contradictory interaction of subjective and objective, which is engraved in the history of human self-knowledge. The dynamics of the components of the act highlights the historical and ontogenetic path of man, the essence and purpose of mental, historical levels of psychological knowledge. In the work of the scientist, psychology reaches a post-classical level of development. For classical psychology, the subjective and the objective are disproportionate entities, for non-classical – the sides of reality, for post-non-classical - the side of the human way of life. The main problem of psychology is solved in fundamentally different ways; the solutions illuminate the path of psychology from dualism to increasingly meaningful monism. Analysis of the work of V. A. Romenets shows that the progress of thinking of the psychologist expresses the historical progress of psychology, which occurs when the way of thinking coincides with the way of being mental. The idea of the identity of thinking and being is illustrated, which logically completes the search for the place of man in cognition in epistemology. The inherent explanation of the nature of the mental circle of cognition expands to the limits of the existence of the mental, and the monistic solution to the basic problem of psychology no longer stands in the way. V. A. Romenets creates a theory of the way of human existence at the historical and ontogenetic level, it is actual to characterize the way of human existence at the individual level on the basis of category of being in the subject-practical content, to implement the anthropological approach in psychology and overcome the gap between theoretical and practical branches of this science.

Некоторые вопросы теоретической картографии

The article is devoted to current theoretical issues of modern cartography. The paper puts forward the concept of metacartography, which laid as the foundation for the Theory of Cartography as a science. The author of this concept is the outstanding Georgian cartographer Alexander Aslanikashvili, who is the founder of the theory of cartography. This concept, which in a new way comprehended the main categories of cartography (the subject of cognition of science, the method of studying a certain side of reality and language) by means of which cartography examines its subject, made it possible to raise some questions of theoretical cartography for research: 1) temporal synthesis; 2) timescale; 3) dynamic generalization. The temporary synthesis in the article is considered on the basis of the results of a theoretical study of A. Aslanikashvili, cartographic forms of analysis and synthesis. Temporal synthesis is studied by the example of diurnal state maps of natural-territorial complexes (steks). The process of temporary synthesis of the so-called “multi-temporal maps” is carried out for one year at three levels: 1) synthesis of dynamic maps for one month; 2) synthesis of dynamic maps for one season; 3) synthesis of dynamic maps for one year. As a result of the temporary synthesis of stacks maps, one synthetic map is compiled without loss of the initial spatiotemporal information. In the process of mapping there are used the so-called “spatiotemporal” diagrams. A new concept of “mapped time” was introduced. In cartography, two types of scale are investigated: a) the scale of space (degree of abstraction) and b) the scale of content (degree of generalization). The article studies the timescale when mapping stacks. In the work, this concept is defined as the degree of generalization of the essence of the development of the mapped phenomenon. The article explores another issue — dynamic generalization. The study is based on stacks’ maps for one year. It was found that dynamic generalization depends on the “degree of syntheticity” of the stecks maps. Dynamic generalization is in direct correlation with the number of dynamics maps of the spatiotemporal model phenomenon. The issues of temporal synthesis, time scale and dynamic generalization are in close relationship with each other. For example, dynamic generalization is the result of a temporary synthesis, and these processes are carried out with the presence of a time scale.

Связь субъективной оценки самореализации женщин и отношения к разным сторонам действительности в периоде отпуска по уходу за ребенком

The article presents the studies of the influence of self-realization on her attitude to different sides of reality (to her husband, to her child, ideal self, real self to her work, to the education, to her mother, etc.). The study involved 110 mothers. In this study, we have used combination of three methods: essay, questioning, method of color metaphors. The results were processed by sign test, cluster and content analyses. Based on these results we made a conclusion that mothers during maternity leave understand the phenomena of selfrealization differently. Consequently, they differently define the essence of self-realization and define different types of self-realization. Content analysis showed that women who value self-realization are focused primarily on the internal condition and being in harmony and not on external factors. Unrealized women are influenced by external factors: lack of work or conflicts with her husband.

ЛЕКСИЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ СЛОВА ЯК НЕСЕМІОТИЧНА КАТЕГОРІЯ

У статті представлені загальні властивості моделі лексичного значення слова як несеміотичної категорії. У лінгвістиці склалися два основні підходи до визначення лексичного значення: відбивний і релятивний. Прибічники першого підходу визначають лексичне значення слова як відображення у свідомості людини істотних ознак певного класу явищ дійсності. Прихильники релятивного підходу (С. Ульман, Л. Вітгенштейн, Ч. Морріс і ін.) розглядали лексичне значення як зв'язки, переходи, відносини. Вчені, які представляли обидва підходи, засновували свої теорії на семіотичних уявленнях про сутність мови. Антропоцентричні принципи вивчення мовних явищ мають на увазі вихід у суміжні сфери знань про людину, в т.ч. і в галузь філософії. М.М. Правдін справедливо вважав, що з позицій діалектичного матеріалізму відношення між дійсністю, мисленням і мовою не зводяться до стосунків знакової репрезентації, оскільки кожен з цих трьох світів є діалектичною єдністю конкретного і абстрактного. Абстрактна сторона дійсності – сфера законів, зв’язків, стосунків між явищами не піддається безпосередньому відображенню в мисленні у вигляді зв'язків між образами відповідних явищ, тобто суть і поняття не пов'язані стосунками знаку і означаемого. Зв’язки між іменами в мовній системі не є знаком стосунків між “предметними” образами. Це дозволяє дійти висновку про те, що стосунки між “предметними” образами і стосунки між іменами усередині мови – дві різні, але тісно пов’язані в комунікативному акті системи. У розвиток цієї теорії лексичне значення визначається в статті як система неграматичних правил оперування словом усередині мовної системи. Таке визначення дозволяє інакше розглядати системну організацію лексики в мові.

Robinson Crusoe Model as the Starting Point for Pure Economic Theory

In the standard Positive economic science the Robinson Crusoe model is quite widely used as a kind of layout, allowing to illustrate various phenomena and processes typical for a developed market economy — the behavior of isolated producers and consumers, common patterns of economic dynamics, general equilibrium, problems of public finance etc. Pure economic theory is not limited to the task of constructing a set of models, each of which reflects different sides of reality. It is designed to substantiate logically both functional and genetic relationships between the elements of the economic system. The choice of research starting point is of particular importance for this approach as the initial model should, like an embryo, contain the basic characteristics of a developed economic organism in the “minimized form”. The article attempts to show that such opportunities are provided by the Robinson Crusoe Model: its analysis allows to introduce in the simplest form many important notions of economic theory, to determine the nature of maximizing behavior of economic agents, to designate the role of space and time in the economy, as well as to lay the groundwork for the next step of economic analysis — identifying the factors contributing to the formation of exchange relations and the social division of labor.

Українська політична еміграція в міжвоєнній Чехословаччині (1921–1939). Світ захоплень й уподобань її представників.

The article deals with two concepts such as: hobby and admiration. Firstly, there is observed that hobby is a person’s vital passion (temporary or permanent) who is engaged in it without regretting no time and effort. A hobby, in fact, tells you what a person looks like, what he / she is thinking about, and even what are the most important problems for the person at the moment. There is also observed in the article, that the world of hobbies and admiration is one of the components of everyday history is a new field of historical knowledge that examines the sphere of human commonplace in multiple historical, cultural, political events, ethnic, and confessional contexts. The task of the daily history, as an independent branch of historical knowledge, is the attempt to truthfully representation of reality to avoid unnecessarily detailing phenomena and events so the history of everyday life is not only descriptiveness and bright description of social history, but an understanding of the everyday standard of society’s living. In fact, daily history methodologically is a combination of macro and micro history. The methodology of daily history is subordinated to the main task: to study everything that surrounds a person, the vital world and how a person socializes in this world, has an influence upon it, making certain adjustments in the material level of being and in the system of connections and relationships with other people. Therefore, the aim of the historian of daily life is to read carefully the texts, to use new means, to decode the hidden statements, deciphering the hidden meaning; to analyze the rules and ways of reading the historical text to the audience to which it was appointed and much more. The hobby, as a part of the Ukrainian emigrant’s daily life in the interwar Czechoslovakia was conditionally divided into several groups: intellectually – aesthetic, bodily manual, cumulative, eccentric, excitable, information – communicative. During emigration, the main purpose of the hobby was to spend some time with pleasure. At the same time, it was taken into account, that pleasure was understood as moral satisfaction and a sense of joy, and not as something real.The article is considered, that the specialty of representing hobby as daily emigration is hidden in the past, firstly, this side of reality is very broad and comprehensive; secondly, a historian who reconstructs the hobby in the broad sense, has not got often enough sources or, on the contrary, has got too many, and they don’t concern to the hobby. Given these circumstances, there is no much professional literature on this topic. So far as the world of admiration and taste of the Ukrainian representatives of the interwar political emigration in the Czechoslovakia acted as a kind of adaptive anti-stress therapy, which made it possible to survive in the difficult realities of life, that is more important even in our not simple times. The human science concept of historical research acquires the popularity thanks to the movement of the humanitarian movement vector towards the lifting bans and the elimination of cliches from a whole range of socially significant.

English

Benedict Anderson claims In Imagined Communities that nationalism and national identity are but fruits of a politicised imagination, and that the nation only acts what the State imagines. A decade later, in Tom Inglis re-examines such an imagination in a postcolonial Irish context, and traces the significance of the land in the process of identity formation. Anderson’s and Inglis’s understanding of personal identity formation resonate with the Deleuzian reading of a Rhizome-based local identity set against a monolithic backdrop of root-tree system. Where the former variety promises an animate, multifaceted identity, the latter conditions the development of Irishness to a closed system in which values are yet to be pronounced by the governing root, namely, the State. This is where one can draw the very red thin line between personal and national perception of reality (of being). The multilayered and dialectical nature of the modern Irish novel and its critical caliber has created an accurate touchstone that enables the Irish to identify the very two sides of reality. For the Irish, on the one hand, reality emerges as a monolithic, obdurate construct, fabricated and observed by the State; and on the other, it materialises as the nation’s memory of economic hardships, political marginalisation, ideological bifurcations, and psychological exiles. By exploring James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Flann O’Brien’s The Third Policeman (1974), this paper shall answer the question that Anderson and Inglis failed to address: what made the contemporary Irish literature a difficult reflection of postcolonial identity, which neither accepts the State’s atavistic nativism nor identifies with neocolonial political mindset? Keywords: Modern Irish Novel; Memory Studies; James Joyce; Flann O’Brien; Postcolonial Literature

Một số mô típ tiêu biểu trong Liêu trai chí dị của Bồ Tùng Linh dưới góc nhìn huyền thoại học

The two most typical motifs in the work Lieu trai chi di by Bo Tung Linh are counted as subjects turned into people and people turned into subjects. If the motifs are shone via a few mythological studies, their value will be indicated by differently various dimensions. The motifs in Lieu trai chi di made their appearance based on the inheritance of profound and legendary thinking of the primitive human, from the previous literary genres such as myths, fairy tale and so on According to the legacy, Bo Tung Linh blows into the motifs a fresh breath in the early modern era and shows out the progress in the life reflecting art. The writer knitted two sides of reality and imagination to create the motifs for the work of art precisely reflecting the life twinklingly and magically.

“This Side of Reality”

ABSTRACTWhat does it mean to be “real” in performance? Referencing her work with Phillip B. Zarrilli and Andy Lavender, Bella Merlin raises a series of five provocations about contemporary acting practice that range from “What do we think we're doing when we're acting?” to an exploration of aspects of Stanislavski's toolkit. Drawing together perezhivanie (“living through a role”) with cognitive investigations into the “enactive” nature of human existence, Merlin explores the usefulness of Stanislavski's “here-today-now” to overcome dislocations from the character and as a potential antidote to stage fright. Proposing that Stanislavski's own stage fright prompted some of his acting experiments, Merlin suggests that actor-training is on the brink of a paradigm shift. As our understanding of cognitive science and human biology evolves, so too must acting processes, and the enactive approach considers emotion and cognition as unified parts of the process. Merlin also proposes that Stanislavski's Active Analysis—with its emphasis on improvisation—was an intuitive response on Stanislavski's part to what we now know scientifically of the operation of human interactions.

Consciousness and Reality in Western and Oriental Tradition. Relationship between Human and Universe

Stating the main principles of Buddhist philosophy and psychology is usually going with help of ancient categories and metaphors, which had been developed since the fifth century B.C. till the tenth century A.C. That means they were worked out by quite different kind of mentality (culture, language, traditions…). That makes those categories and metaphors almost untranslatable on European languages properly and unequivocally. In its turn, that situation makes difficult any kind of modern scientific research of the phenomena, discovered inside Buddhism, as well as ideas, developed in it. In this article we set a question of possibility to select such basic concepts of modern natural science, which can effectively translate main oriental ideas about Reality into modern scientific paradigm and discover the meaning of psychological phenomena from the transpersonal psychology sphere of interest. We take a look on some comparisons between pictures of Reality in modern physics and in Buddhist paradigm, allocating two sides of Reality, called Nirvana and Samsara.

Arte, belleza y amor: una ventana a lo trascendente

En el presente trabajo se propone realizar una introducción al estudio del arte como una manera de encuentro con lo misterioso, lo inefable, basándose, por un lado, en los pensamientos de grandes artistas, filósofos y críticos de arte,tales como Tarkovski, Picasso, Unamuno y Steiner y, por otro, en los aportes realizados por la teología cristiana y la iconografía. Se realizará una lectura de la obra de arte en clave de esperanza: a través del silencio interior y la contemplación se puede encontrar la voz de aquella otra Belleza que atrae hacia Sí, mostrando cómo el Amor, la Belleza, la Bondad y la Verdad son diferentes caras de una misma realidad que supera la muerte, el dolor y la mentira.

The Diviner's Task: Confinement and Transformation through Myth and Ritual in Gordimer'sThe Conservationist

When read in what were perhaps South Africa's darkest decades, the 1970s and 1980s, Nadine Gordimer's The Conservationist seemed to be a rather apocalyptic novel. But the fear-stricken, history-bound protagonist who walks right into his own trap shows only one side of reality. The other side is referred to by his two antagonists who are-as a dead man who has yet to be buried and a woman becoming a diviner-both in the middle of an existential transformation; a rite of passage that implies not only change, but also the temporary acceptance of phenomenological chaos, before a new order can be formulated. Gordimer seems to hold the (future) reader responsible for completing the rite of passage: identity and destiny of the characters will eventually depend on the viewpoint and intertextual input of the reader.

The Philosophy of Stanley Kubrick

In the course of fifty years, director Stanley Kubrick produced some of the most haunting and indelible images on film. His films touch on a wide range of topics rife with questions about human life, behavior, and emotions: love and sex, war, crime, madness, social conditioning, and technology. Within this great variety of subject matter, Kubrick examines different sides of reality and unifies them into a rich philosophical vision that is similar to existentialism. Perhaps more than any other philosophical concept, existentialism-the belief that philosophical truth has meaning only if it is chosen by the individual-has come down from the ivory tower to influence popular culture at large. In virtually all of Kubrick's films, the protagonist finds himself or herself in opposition to a hard and uncaring world, whether the conflict arises in the natural world or in human institutions. Kubrick's war films (Fear and Desire, Paths of Glory, Dr. Strangelove, and Full Metal Jacket) examine how humans deal with their worst fears-especially the fear of death-when facing the absurdity of war. Full Metal Jacket portrays a world of physical and moral change, with an environment in continual flux in which attempting to impose order can be dangerous. The film explores the tragic consequences of an unbending moral code in a constantly changing universe. Essays in the volume examine Kubrick's interest in morality and fate, revealing a Stoic philosophy at the center of many of his films. Several of the contributors find his oeuvre to be characterized by skepticism, irony, and unfettered hedonism. In such films as A Clockwork Orange and 2001: A Space Odyssey, Kubrick confronts the notion that we will struggle against our own scientific and technological innovations. Kubrick's films about the future posit that an active form of nihilism will allow humans to accept the emptiness of the world and push beyond it to form a free and creative view of humanity. Taken together, the essays in The Philosophy of Stanley Kubrick are an engaging look at the director's stark vision of a constantly changing moral and physical universe. They promise to add depth and complexity to the interpretation of Kubrick's signature films.

This Side of Reality: Modern Czech Writing

This Side of Reality: Modern Czech Writing

This Side of Reality: Modern Czech Writing

This Side of Reality: Modern Czech Writing

LSD: THE OTHER SIDE OF REALITY (28 minutes, color). Produced by San Mateo County Department of Public Health, Calif. Interesting film about hallucinogens—their effects on patients and their possible uses in therapy

LSD: THE OTHER SIDE OF REALITY (28 minutes, color). Produced by San Mateo County Department of Public Health, Calif. Interesting film about hallucinogens—their effects on patients and their possible uses in therapy

LSD: THE OTHER SIDE OF REALITY (28 minutes, color). Produced by KRON-TV, in cooperation with the San Mateo County Department of Public Health and Welfare. May be purchased from KRON-TV, Fifth and Mission Streets. San Francisco 19. Cal

LSD: THE OTHER SIDE OF REALITY (28 minutes, color). Produced by KRON-TV, in cooperation with the San Mateo County Department of Public Health and Welfare. May be purchased from KRON-TV, Fifth and Mission Streets. San Francisco 19. Cal