Side Slope Research Articles

Stability Of Concrete Armor Unit (Tetrapod) On Rear Side Of The Rubble Mound Structures With Rectangular Super Structure

The coastal structures allow the wave overtopping within a certain quantity. However the extreme wave overtopping could cause the damage of coastal structures. The most of the previous researches for the stability of armor unit were performed about the armor units placed on sea side of coastal structures. A rubble-mound structure is normally composed of a bedding layer and a core of quarry-run stone covered by one or more layers of larger stone and an exterior layer or layers of large quarry stone or concrete armor units. Coastal Engineering Manual (USACE, 2006) suggested the design figures without super structures and showed the ratio of the armor weight for each location of rubble mound structures and it could be known that the same weight ratio was needed to the sea side and harbor side slope of rubble mound structures. In this design figure, the filter rule is applied to the design figures of CEM, that is, the weight ratio for under layer is W/10 for the main armor weight ratio (W) to prevent smaller rocks in the under layer from being pulled through an over layer by wave action

Research on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Coupling Coordination Relationship of the Energy–Food–Water System in the Xinjiang Subregion

In the Xinjiang region, the sustainable management of water resources, energy, and food is crucial for regional development. This study establishes a coupling evaluation index for energy–food–water (EFW) systems from the perspectives of supply, consumption, and efficiency. Using an integrated EFM-CDD-RDD-CCDM approach, an assessment of the coupling and coordination levels of the EFW systems in 14 cities within Xinjiang was conducted for the period of 2004 to 2020. Additionally, the method of obstacle degree identification was utilized to determine the main barriers affecting the EFW systems. Key findings included the following. (1) In terms of individual system coordination indices, the water resource systems exhibited overall higher coordination (ranging from 0.30 to 0.72) with comparatively minor spatial variability, while the energy (from 0.18 to 0.81) and food (from 0.12 to 0.83) systems showed greater temporal and spatial fluctuations. From 2004 to 2020, improvements were observed in the coordination of food and water resource systems, whereas a decline was noted in the coordination of the energy subsystem. (2) Prior to 2011, the coupling of food–water and energy–food systems showed an upward trend, whereas the energy–water coupling decreased annually by 2.62%, further highlighting the tensions between energy development and water resource constraints in Xinjiang. (3) The comprehensive coupling coordination index of the Xinjiang EFW systems ranged between 0.59 and 0.80; between 2004 and 2020, there was an oscillatory increase. From 2004 to 2016, the coupling and coordination degree across the municipalities generally improved, with the regions on the western side and southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains, and the northwestern edge of the Junggar Basin exhibiting the highest levels, followed by the three prefectures in southern Xinjiang. (4) The EFW obstacle degree posed by the food systems in Xinjiang and its divisions showed a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2020, with the energy system identified as the main factor affecting the coupling and coordination degrees of the EFW systems (increasing by 44% to 52%). Therefore, it is imperative to accelerate the energy transition and optimization in the lead energy development and production areas of Xinjiang. This research provides a scientific basis for Xinjiang’s sustainable development strategies and highlights potential directions for the future optimization of resource management.

Breach Analysis of Earthen Dam

Failure of a levee or dam breach can result in severe economic losses and loss of human life. To minimize these consequences, it's imperative to assess the risks associated with levee breaches. This involves accurately predicting the volume of water released during a breach and simulating the propagation of flood waves across the floodplain to create inundation maps. Despite extensive observation and research into representing dam breaches and deriving crucial breach parameters like width, height, and side slope, there is no universally accepted method for determining these parameters. This study aims to evaluate existing methodologies for dam breach analyses, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and the challenges that lie ahead in this field. Earthen dams play a crucial role in water resource management and flood control. However, breaches in these structures pose significant risks to surrounding communities and infrastructure. This study explores the causes of earthen dam breaches, focusing on hydraulic, geotechnical, and structural factors. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical case studies and numerical modeling techniques, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms leading to dam failures. Furthermore, this research investigates effective mitigation strategies to enhance the resilience of earthen dams against breach incidents. By identifying key vulnerabilities and implementing targeted interventions, we aim to minimize the likelihood and impact of future breaches, ensuring the safety and sustainability of earthen dam infrastructure. Keywords— Breach analysis; Geotechnical Engineering; Earthen dam and Gangapur Dam

Estimating seepage losses from lined irrigation canals using nonlinear regression and artificial neural network models

The Slide2 model was used to estimate seepage losses from canals after validation considering different canal geometries, lining thicknesses, and lining materials. SPSS was used to develop three models: NLR, MLP-ANN, and RBF-ANN. MATLAB software was used to write down the script code for the ANNs. Results showed that seepage losses were highly increased when the liner had high hydraulic conductivity, while with the increase of lining thickness, a noticeable reduction in seepage losses was obtained. The canal's side slope had a minimal effect on the seepage losses. Moreover, the MLP-ANN and RBF-ANN models performed better than the NLR model with determination coefficient (R2) of 0.996 and 0.965; Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) of 1.172 and 0.699; Mean-Absolute-Error (MAE) of 0.139 and 0.528; index of agreement (d) = 0.999 and 0.991, respectively. The NLR model had lower values of R2 = 0.906, RMSE = 1.198, MAE = 0.942, and d = 0.971. Thus, ANNs are recommended as a robust, easy, simple, and rapid tool for estimating seepage losses from lined trapezoidal irrigation canals.

Design of Algae Removal Device for Slopes of South-to-North Water Diversion Mainline Canal

South-to-North Water Diversion is a very important project, and its construction is important for solving the problem of water shortage in northern China, promoting economic development, and improving people's livelihood. However, it also faces some environmental problems, such as algae on the side slopes which always affect the water quality of the South-to-North Water Diversion. This paper mainly focuses on the removal of algae on the slope, designs a slope algae removal equipment, the equipment in the tractor drive to drive the removal mechanism for the removal of algae, according to the structural characteristics of algae and cavitation jet de-algae algae removal effect, the use of cavitation jet method of the South-to-North Water Diversion of algae on the slope of the slope for effective removal. In this paper, we first carry out the design of institutional track chassis, mechanical arm and removal mechanism, and then use the software Solidworks to model the mechanical arm and carry out the assembly of the overall equipment. The animation simulation of the assembly diagram shows that there is no interference during the operation of the mechanism, and the motion trajectory and state are in line with expectations. Through ANSYS static analysis and modal analysis of the mechanical arm, in the static analysis, after applying its own gravity and frontend tension, the results show that the maximum displacement and deformation of the mechanical arm are in line with the deformation requirements, while the maximum stress is less than the yield limit of the material; through the modal analysis of the vibration frequency of the sixth-order modes estimate the vibration frequency of the vibration frequency of the whole machine vibration range, so as to complete the design of the slope algaecide removal device removing mechanism.

Design and Lateral Stability Analysis of an Attitude Adjustment Tractor for Moving on Side Slopes

Lateral overturns are the most frequent fatal accidents involving tractors. A tractor being able to travel safely on uneven or sloped terrain is still an open field of investigation. The design concept of a four-wheel-drive tractor that can traverse hilly and mountainous areas is described. The tractor’s locomotion system can actively adjust its roll angle by using the attitude adjustment mechanisms equipped on the rear wheels. With double quadrangle mechanisms, the front axle can cooperate with the rear axle to adjust this tractor’s attitude. This tractor can also level its body, steer, and transmit power. The principles and configurations of the two axles are presented. A mathematics/mechanical model of a tractor on lateral slopes was developed. This model considers the relationships of the ground supporting forces when the tractor adjusts its roll angle. Combining the model of specific attitude adjustment mechanisms and the above mechanics model, the lateral stability analysis associated with the active input of the attitude adjustment mechanism is conducted. The reliability of the proposed model is discussed based on a comparison of slope traversing experiments and numerical simulations. This designed tractor has potential application in the fields of hilly and mountainous terrains. The results show that posture/configuration adjustment is a positive way to enhance tractor lateral overturn stability.

Numerical Study on the Efficiency of the Point Smoke Exhaust System in V-shaped Urban Underground Road Tunnel

In order to study the exhaust effect of the point smoke exhaust system in V-shaped urban underground tunnel with different structures, effects of the slope differences on both sides of the slope changing point and the operating mode of the exhaust vent on the smoke spread distance, temperature at the height of 2 m above the road and the ceiling temperature were studied by the numerical method. The research results show that for the symmetric V-shaped tunnel, smoke can be controlled in the required range, but for asymmetric V-shaped tunnel with the slope difference on both sides, smoke cannot be easily controlled, ventilation supply is needed to improve the smoke exhaust efficiency. Point smoke exhaust system cannot effectively reduce the maximum temperature of the ceiling above the fire. When the fire source power is large, for the symmetrical V-shaped tunnel with a small slope, some fire prevention measures must be taken to protect the ceiling partition. For the asymmetric V-shaped tunnel, two exhaust vents opened on the small slope side and four opened on the large slope side are suggested for the occupant safe evacuation in tunnel.

Investigating the Non-Linear Effects of Breach Parameters on a Dam Break Study

AbstractWhen settlements are located close to a dam, it is important to accurately predict the breach peak flow and the time to reach the peak. Therefore, the prediction of dam breach properties is essential in dam break studies. Dam breach parameters such as the breach side slope, final bottom width, final bottom elevation, weir coefficient, breach formation time, and initial elevation of reservoirs are the key variables for estimating the peak discharge during a dam break scenario. In this study, these six breach parameters were analyzed to investigate the impact of breach parameters on breach peak flow and the time to reach the peak. Thus, several scenarios were calculated and compared for Atasu Dam. The results revealed that the role of the initial water elevation, final bottom elevation, and breach development time had more of an impact on the breach peak flow and the time to reach the peak. In addition, the study indicated that the final bottom width and breach weir coefficient were less sensitive to both the peak discharge and peak discharge time. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the breach side slope parameter had no major influence on the time to peak while also having an insignificant impact on the peak discharge. Understanding this breach mechanism provides a basis for relevant research in designating key parameters for dam break analysis. Thus, the results can contribute to decision making toward the design of flood mitigation and dam emergency action planning.

Rock anchor hanger effect on single-tower earth-anchored suspension bridge mechanical performance: An analytical model and multi-objective golden eagle optimization

The application of a composite saddle in single-tower earth-anchored suspension bridges (STEASBs) replaces the tower on the steep slope side, which is a cost-effective solution that improves bridge safety and provides environmental protection for the steep bank slope of the valley. However, this novel bridge design needs an appropriate model to evaluate the effect of rock anchor hangers on the structure in the non-girder area and adjust their parameters to optimize the mechanical response of the whole bridge structure. This study proposes an approach to quickly evaluate the most unfavorable load cases of the STEASB and further optimizes the structural parameters of rock anchor hangers to enhance structural safety. An analytical model for the STEASBs under the live load is proposed and verified by the finite element model (FEM), with the maximum relative error not exceeding 7.37%. Combined with the golden eagle optimizer (GEO), the most unfavorable load cases of the corresponding design indices are yielded. The Pareto optimal solutions for the spacing, cross-sectional area, and initial tension of the vertical rock anchor hangers are obtained through multi-objective optimization to improve the mechanical behavior of STEASBs. In addition, it is clarified that the main function of rock anchor hangers is to reduce the peak value of the stress amplitude of the hangers and girder-end rotation, providing a theoretical basis for the STEASB design.

Comparative Analysis of Precast and In situ Concrete and Their Effectiveness on Koga Irrigation Structures

Most construction projects in Ethiopia are built by using conventional cast in situ concrete. However, the latest technology reveals various priorities of the precast construction method over the cast in situ concrete. The main aim of this study is to analyze better irrigation lining concrete among two types of casting by conducting visual inspection methods and non-destructive tests to characterize defects. Koga irrigation main canal, which is found in Northwest Ethiopia, was used as a study area because it is made of both in situ and precast concrete linings. The study reveals that the lower strength, severe defects, and lower uniformity due to the high level of difficulty in pouring and vibrating the concrete on the side slopes of the canal were observed in the in situ lined canal. However, the growth of grass in the joints, and sealing of closely spaced and less water-tight joints are observed at the precast part of the canal lining. Providing reinforcement bars on the in situ canals and providing water-tight joints for the precast concrete part are viable solutions.

Preissmann Four-Point Methods for Solution of Simplified Saint-Venant Equations Applied to Flood Routing in Prismatic Open Channels

This research goal to compare the flow properties in the rectangular and trapezoidal open channels by examining the influence of the channel side slope is depicted by simplified Saint Venant Equations. The solution of these equations has been completed numerically by using Preissmann four-point scheme. The model is simulated using the Matlab application to point out the flow properties. The proposed model is validated by the model without simplification which was selected from the literature. The validation outcomes indicate that in common, the simulation outcomes of the two models have a good agreement. The simulation results show that the greater the slope of the channel side, the greater the peak discharge and the greater the time shift. The analysis emphasizes how channel geometry influences flow behavior, indicating that trapezoidal channels, with inclined side slopes z, yield slightly higher peak discharges compared to rectangular ones. For z = 0, discharge of peak Q = 7.38 m3/s and t = 18 s. For z = 2, discharge of peak Q = 7.39 m3/s and t = 21 s. For z = 4, discharge of peak Q = 7.45 m3/s and t = 23 s. For z = 6, discharge of peak Q = 7.51 m3/s and t = 24 s.

Macronutrients and their ratios in different plant species growing in solonchaks of Western Transbaikalia

The macroelement composition and ratios of macroelements in dominant and co-dominant plants growing on lakeside solonchaks of Western Transbaikalia: from salt-sandy strips on dried shoals with pioneer groupings, side slopes to plains with cheieves, irises and leymus communities were studied for the first time. General regularities characterizing their macroelement composition were established for annual halophytes of salt-sand strips of the Beloe Lake shoreline. It has been revealed that pioneer perennials are formed on the mortmass of annuals. Mortmass of different duration of formation was characterized by high silicic content and concentrations of S, Fe, and Mg with a minimal amount of K, and the K : Na ratio was 0.03–0.04. Biological productivity of lakeside saltmarsh communities was determined to be normal and elevated, 1490–3080 g dry mass/m2/year. Species differed significantly in the macroelement composition depending on the conditions of growing in the coastal zone of brackish lakes. Common for the chemical composition of plants was a relatively high content of nitrogen and ash. It was found that by the total concentration of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Si in the dry matter, annuals of the Chenopodiaceae family dominated due to the high amount of sodium. In spite of non-compliance with the norms of the ratios of most macronutrients in the dry matter of plants, especially by K : (Ca + Mg) and K : Na, all species are used as fodder in different periods of the year.

Analysis of Wave Characteristic in Fuel Terminal Serui

The Serui Fuel Terminal is a vital state-owned facility distributing fuel oil throughout Yapen Island, Papua Province. However, this facility has a problem: waves or overtopping, which can even cause damage to existing facilities. This research aims to determine the hydrodynamic process and wave characteristics through theoretical analysis and numerical modeling using Mike21 with Hydrodynamic (HD) and Spectral Wave (SW) Modules. Bathymetry, current and tidal data collected in the field and wave data collected from ECMWF, calibration is carried out by comparing modeling output (currents & tides) with the results of observations and wave propagation and transformation study theoretically and compared with the results of wave modeling, so the accuracy of the modeling results can be reviewed. The validation results of tidal modeling with a MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) value of 0.3%, current modeling with a MAPE value of 30%, and waves from each orthogonal with an average MAPE of 15%. Generally, wave height on the shoreline is 0.3-0.4 m (calm waves), and the cause of the overtopping that occurs is due to the geometry and type of existing coastal buildings with smooth sloping sides and impermeable, which makes the wave height double with a run-up height 0.6-0.8 m

ОБОРОНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СООРУЖЕНИЯ МАРИЙСКИХ ГОРОДИЩ

The article examines materials from studies of the fortification of Mari settlements of the second half of the I millennium AD. The author gives a general description of the visually recorded parameters of ramparts and ditches. Based on the results of field research, options for reconstructing the ramparts structures and structures along the ramparts crest are proposed. Special attention is paid to the artificial fortifications of the settlement site along the side slopes and the cape. The analysis shows that defensive structures on the rampart and along the perimeter of the settlement could not be erected at once, but as needed or when there were conditionally free hands for this type of work. There is also a strong possibility that the fortification was updated/repaired over time. In general, the nature and quality of the defensive structures around the perimeter of the site of the settlement fully take into account the terrain.

ОЦІНКА СТІЙКОСТІ ПРОТИ ПЕРЕКИДАННЯ БАГАТОВІСНИХ АВТОМОБІЛІВ ІЗ ДВОМА ДВОВІСНИМИ ПОВОРОТНИМИ ПЛАТФОРМАМИ

The emergence of four-axle cars with two rotating platforms revealed a problem related to the evaluation of the static stability of such cars against lateral overturning. The problem is caused by the fact that traction and braking forces have a point of application not in the point of contact of the wheels with the road on the axle. This means that in the process of turning the platform around its axis, the shoulder of the overturning (upsetting) moment will decrease for a car standing on a side slope. The article presents an improved method for evaluating the static lateral stability against overturning of four-axle cars with two rotating platforms in the transverse plane. The overturning (upsetting) and stabilizing moments are determined separately on the rotary platforms and on the car as a whole. The use of the stability coefficient as an indicator and criterion of static stability made it possible to obtain a mathematical apparatus for evaluating the stability of four-axle cars with two rotating two-axle platforms. The calculation and analysis of the results on the example of a four-axle car with two rotating two-axle platforms, which is on asphalt, a dirt road and off-road, made it possible to state that such a car has high static stability under the condition of overturning. The stability coefficient under the overturning condition is significantly higher than unity, which indicates a large margin of stabilizing moment. The coefficient of stability acquires the smallest value when the angles of rotation of the platforms are close to zero, while when the angles of rotation tend to 900, the value tends to infinity. When the rolling resistance coefficient increases, the value of the stability coefficient decreases for all values of the angles of rotation of the platforms and the side slope of the road. The direction of further research is the improvement of the designs of machines with rotary bridges and platforms and the study of their dynamic properties.

Case study on a contaminated soil landfill in Canada with a focus on geosynthetic materials and electrical leak location

Designing a double-lined landfill for contaminated soils certainly presents several challenges. Many design aspects are taken into consideration to comply with local regulations, including thickness of the natural clay layer, minimal slopes for leachate drainage, side slopes for soil stability, global design to lower stress on the geosynthetics, and much more. We will focus on the choice of geosynthetics used for the construction of a cell on a contaminated soil landfill during the summer of 2023, as well as quality control and quality assurance, including electrical leak location. A multi-linear drainage geocomposite was selected to cover each layer of an HDPE geomembrane and a layer of natural sand was also installed. It was not practical to use sand on the secondary geomembrane in the slopes due to stability and damaging risks, therefore the drainage system solely relied on the drainage geocomposite. To carry on with the electrical leak location, a conductive mesh was added to the geocomposite installed in the slopes, allowing 100% of the installed geomembrane to be tested.

Stability Analysis of a Water‐Rich Slope Under Seismic Disturbance

Studying slope stability under different water contents and stress conditions is very important for the early warning and prevention of slope disasters. In this study, the stability of a side slope in Xingwen County was studied via field investigations, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations. The results show that a dry sample has a greater rockburst proneness than a water‐rich sample. Compared with that of the dry sample, the strength of the sample representing the water‐rich area of the slope decreased significantly, the peak strength decreases by 28.5% on average under the different confining pressure conditions tested, and the stress–strain curve has more jitter after the peak and shows more obvious plastic characteristics. The peak shear strain in the XZ direction on the lower slope under water‐rich conditions is 48.5% greater than that under dry conditions, and the range of the slope plastic zone is also significantly greater than that under dry conditions. This indicates that the stability of the slope under water‐rich conditions is much lower than that under dry conditions. The safety factors of the three types of slopes are calculated. The slope safety factors under the “water‐rich and deadweight” and “water‐rich and earthquake” conditions are 3.1% and 5.4% lower, respectively, than that under the “dry and deadweight” conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of water‐rich areas on slopes with frequent microearthquakes.

Effects of Shallow Surface Drainage Ditches With Controlled Subsurface Drainage Management on Crop Yields in North Carolina

Highlights Shallow surface ditches with controlled subsurface drainage (SD) increased corn and soybean yields in eight of nine growing seasons compared to conventional drainage. The SD system increased corn yields on average by 0.4 Mg/ha, or 4% (0.7 Mg/ha, or 6.6%, excluding 2016). The SD system increased soybean yields on average by 0.5 Mg/ha, or 14.3%. Abstract. Agricultural drainage in the coastal areas of North Carolina (NC) is commonly achieved through large trapezoidal-shaped ditches. The coastal region of NC has limited topographic relief (slopes < 1%) with poorly drained soils that can cause substantial issues with surface water ponding during high-intensity or long-duration precipitation events without some form of surface drainage. Installation of large free flowing surface ditches (FD) with field crowning improves the drainage intensity but can create negative consequences such as over drainage and side slope scouring within the ditch. Large open ditches remove tillable land from production and serve as a primary transport pathway for pollutants. An alternative drainage design (SD) has been implemented that decreases the size of the surface ditches, limiting their drainage effect to only surface water and potentially improving equipment trafficability. The smaller ditches, installed with precision grade equipment, are placed on a grade sufficient to direct surface flow while keeping soil movement to a minimum. Lateral subsurface drainage tiles are installed to provide subsurface drainage and are connected to a main tile line operated with an outlet control structure for controlled drainage (CD). This study evaluates the crop yield and water table effects of the SD system compared to FD over nine crop seasons from 2014-2022. The SD treatment increased yield in eight of the nine crop seasons overall, four of five corn (Zea mays L.) crops, and all four soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. Overall, SD increased corn yields by 0.4 Mg/ha or 4% (0.7 Mg/ha or 6.6% with the exclusion of 2016) and soybean yields by 0.5 Mg/ha (14.3%). The effects of SD on crop yield and water table show that the system can be utilized to improve crop health and provide better management of cropland for producers. Keywords: Corn Yield, Drainage Water Management, Soybean Yield, Surface Drainage, Water Table.

Landslide Potential in Cihanjuang, Cimanggung, Sumedang, West Java Province

Landslides occurred in the Cihanjuang area, Cimanggung, Sumedang Regency, West Java on January, 9th 2021 with 40 fatalities and several buildings severely damaged. This area is in the form of hills with a fairly steep slope and housing is built on it. Geologically, the research area is composed of Undecomposed Young Volcanoes (Qyu) in the form of tuffaceous sand, lapilli, breccias, lava, and agglomerates. The research aims to determine the potential and volume of landslides. The research method used is conducting geotechnical testing and carrying out topographical mapping. Geotechnical tests carried out were water content, specific gravity, sieve analysis, hydrometer, and direct shear strength. The geotechnical test results showed that water content: 16.37% – 31.26%, cohesion: 59.2 kPa – 112.7 kPa, and internal friction angle: 6.30° – 30.50°, percentage of gravel and sand 11.10 % – 34.90 %, percentage of silt and clay 65.10 % – 88.90 %. According to USCS, this soil sample includes the MH-CH-OH classification Topographical mapping was carried out covering an area of 7.006 hectares. The internal friction angle is relatively steep, and the percentage of gravel and sand is quite high, so water infiltration becomes easy, so the Cimanggung area has a high potential for landslides. From the topographic mapping, the volume of the landslide was around 161.981 m³. To maintain slope stability and avoid landslides, apart from planting strong-rooted plants in areas with high elevations, they also manage the drainage by making waterways on the northwest and southeast sides of the steep slopes to the main road.

The application of gray system-variable fuzzy sets coupling theory on the susceptibility assessment of debris flow hazards

The occurrence of debris flow hazards has significant destructive effects people’s safety and the safety of their property, so the risk assessment of debris flow hazards has great significance. The maximum amount of debris flow at one time (X1), the reserves of loose substance (X2), the watershed area (X3), the length of the ditch (X4), the relative height difference (X5), the gradient of side slope (X6), the longitudinal slope of main ditch (X7), the length ratio of replenishment section (X8), the daily maximum rainfall (X9), and Faults developed in the watershed (X10) are selected as the evaluation index at first. Then the gray system-variable fuzzy sets coupling model is introduced; secondly, the relative membership degree matrix about the fuzzy variable sets is established, and the weight coefficients considering the uncertainty of assessment indices are determined based on the entropy weight method; finally, the susceptibility level of debris flow hazards is determined using the mean ranking feature value. The conclusion is drawn that the results obtained based on the coupling technique are consistent with the current specification; its accuracy arrives at 83%, and the method is feasible for the susceptibility level assessment of debris flow hazards. Compared to the traditional variable fuzzy sets model, it avoids the uncertainty of magnitude in the standard analysis, it can ensure the objectivity and accuracy of the calculation result, and its calculation process is simple and efficient. In total, the findings of the proposed model provide an alternate way to assess the susceptibility level of debris flow hazards and improve the evaluation accuracy in the future.