Side Of Human Nature Research Articles

Felsefe ve Spor: Beden Bilgeliğinin Spora Etkisi

Sport is the side of human nature that manifests through the human body. For that reason, it is a human activity. Sensing, knowing, learning and feeling characteristics in human nature, body wisdom and sportive movements in this context determine human existence. This shows that there is a strong relationship between sports and philosophy in the context of human nature. Sports philosophy, body-mind relationship, ontological, epistemological and ethical context of sports, etc. It is an actual philosophical discipline that reflects on issues. The human body has its own logic, system and wisdom. Man learns the knowledge of existence from his body as well as from the outside world. For that reason, the body is a source of learning and knowledge. When a person listens to the sound of his own body, he can learn the secrets of a healthy, balanced and harmonious life. The body wisdom of the athlete also determines his sportsmanship. Because sportsmanship is the transfer of virtue obtained from body wisdom to sports with a performance. As a matter of fact, good athletes and coaches are the people who know their own bodies best. In this research article, original determinations will be made about the effects of body wisdom on sports.

Forgiveness in Politics and its Relation with Justice: Reviewing an Axiological Debate.

Politics, a cognitive behaviour, with its phenomenal spectrum is believed to be elementary for social formation. Despite its capacities politics spontaneously and almost innately patronised the exercise of power in every stage of human relations from interpersonal to international and subversively contributed to the darkest part of history with narratives of human sufferings. This article identifies the loose ends of the power narrative through the contrivance of an ethical archetype of Political Forgiveness. The didactic paradigm of forgiveness is pitted against Realism which has ever remained triumphant spoiling the innate dark sides of human nature. It might, however, seem merely an academic thought practice but this article has adequately identified slippages where humanity prevailed over crude power through predicaments with congruent contextuality of philosophical logic and arguments based on regular political theories. Besides the ideas of Hannah Arendt, Jacques Derrida this piece of writing incorporated the thoughts of John Rawls, Thomas Nagel, Charles Beitz and others in prioritising the notion of cooperation and forgiveness while weighing the chances of Cosmopolitanism in global politics. This is an attempt to challenge the idea of global justice in identifying the paradoxes of Realpolitik while exposing the back out of ethics from politics endangering a rudimentary element of social living.

Supplemental Material for Paths to the Light and Dark Sides of Human Nature: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Prosocial Benefits of Autonomy and the Antisocial Costs of Control

Supplemental Material for Paths to the Light and Dark Sides of Human Nature: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Prosocial Benefits of Autonomy and the Antisocial Costs of Control

Using Xunzi and Mencius to Adapt and Reclaim Modernity: A Reconstruction of Confucianism in the Modern Context

Abstract Reconstructing Confucianism for the modern age presents us with two main tasks. The first is to borrow from the tradition of Xunzi 荀子 in order to face the challenges of Westernization and modernization and, in turn, modernize ourselves. The second is to embrace the tradition of Mencius 孟子 with the purpose of defining our own cultural and personal values, guarding against some of the pitfalls of modernization. In many ways, the Xunzi branch is more beneficial for the continuing growth of Confucianism: it is analytical – even scientific – in its approach to political theory. But, of course, it is not a complete system. Xunzi correctly discovered the dark side of human nature, but Mencius correctly discovered its good side. These two systems of philosophy are each well equipped for complementing the other’s shortcomings. This is why we advocate for a critical unification of Mencius’ and Xunzi’s philosophies, with the aim of helping Confucianism evolve into a philosophy that is relevant and prosperous in the twenty-first century.

Cycle of Rejection: A Psychoanalytical Reading of Doris Lessing’s “The Fifth Child”

The children absorb the positive and negative conversation from their parents. Obviously, they response according to their receiving conversations and feeling. Doris Lessing shows the social complex relations between of diverse social character classes and their relationships to social institutions.
 Indeed, one of the messages of the novel is that the more individuals and society at large reject the dark side of human nature, the more they relapse into primitive barbarity. The mother in “The fifth child” harbours the feeling of disgust and rejection towards the new born baby which results in more conflict and rejection in the novel.
 This paper sheds the light on Doris Lessing’s psychological ideas that shape this novel. It contributes new reading of family psychic problems and circumstances. The rejection of family members of the new born child results in many defective characteristics of the fifth child. The child’s ego is the same ego of the mother.

Morality and the Nature of Politics

The aim of the paper is to reconstruct and analyze Alvydas Jokubaitis’s understanding of politics. It is argued that Jokubaitis couples politics with morality in opposition to the liberal project of the autonomy of politics, which seeks to separate these two fields of human activity. According to Jokubaitis, politics is a realm of realization of the spiritual side of human nature. That is the reason why, through morality, he also tries to align politics with other domains of human spirituality, such as religion and metaphysics. What is common to politics, morality, religion, and metaphysics is the sphere of normativity, i.e., that of purposes, principles, and imperatives. At the same time, Jokubaitis attacks those schools of modern thought which interpret politics as corresponding solely to the physical, animal side of human nature. In this regard, positivism and scientism are singled out as the crudest attempts to misconstrue the nature of politics. The paper is based on a conviction that the acknowledgement of the importance of morality allows one to piece together Jokubaitis’s various considerations about the nature and distinctiveness of politics into a coherent whole.

Tocqueville on the Needs of the Soul

ABSTRACTThis essay revisits Tocqueville's distinctive liberalism by placing the needs of the soul at the center of his political thought. By the soul, Tocqueville means humanity's capacity for thought and action to satisfy its deepest longings for political freedom and greatness in this world and immortality in the next; in short, for the spiritual side of human nature too easily lost sight of in democratic ages. In contrast to recent studies that take up the needs of the soul, I argue that Tocqueville's understanding of the soul is more theologically and metaphysically grounded than has been supposed. Tocqueville's distinctive liberalism thus rests on the following: criticism of modern materialist philosophy, including the social contract theorists, for neglecting the needs of the soul; analysis of religion in satisfying these needs, needs that are not simply “naturalistic,” that is, vain human hopes rooted in ignorance, fear, and superstition; recognition of the positive role that Christianity, especially a reformed Catholicism, can play in satisfying these needs, even as Tocqueville shows how democracy modifies religious belief; and finally, consideration of the needs of the soul in this world, and of the connection between the religious and political passions.

Аксиологическое измерение документа

The article analyzes the phenomenon of document as assessed in the study of value. To begin with, it poses a problem of contradictory axiological status of document in modern society. On the one hand, document is objectively important, as it completes certain practical tasks, and yet, on the other hand, documents and document management are receive a negative assessment in public consciousness. In order to understand this situation, the article analyzes the concept of ‘value’ and concludes that certain objects of the material world receive this status, if they are included in public practice and promote progress of society or human development. Although this abstract step towards a better understanding of values does not provide a comprehensive answer to the question of axiological nature of document, it however indicates a trend in development of thought towards analysis of the development of human nature. The document is an artifact that objectifies and reifies a certain side of human nature. Human nature is a heterogeneous phenomenon and exists on two levels. The first abstract level is represented by the human race and embodies the full range of universal features of humanity. The second level is the specific embodiment of generic universal human nature in specific historical type of individuals. Between these two levels there is a contradiction. On the one hand, man by nature tends toward universality, on the other hand, realization of his nature is limited by the frameworks of historical era and contributes to the development of only one side of the race. Accordingly, document has value only within a certain historical stage and conflicts with the trend of universal development of human nature, and thus receives a negative evaluation. However, emergence of a new type of work (general scientific work) will help to overcome this alienation between generic and limited individual human being, and therefore will make a great impact on the nature of document, making it more ‘human,’ thus increasing its value in the eyes of society.

A Tale of Two Novalises: The Legacy of Romantic Literature in German Alternative Pop Music

This article explores the reception of literary romanticism in two genres of German alternative pop music, Krautrock and Goth. It discusses two bands named after romantic writer Friedrich von Hardenberg that reference romanticism for opposite purposes: Novalis, a 1970s band, champions utopian visions typical of left-wing counterculture, while their present day counterpart, neofolk band Novalis Deux, formulates an implicitly right-wing criticism of Western liberalism. Both bands also highlight different aspects of the artistic movement: while Novalis invokes the utopian leanings of early romanticism, Novalis Deux focuses on the dark side of human nature, a vital undercurrent throughout the entire romantic period.

BOSNIAN MODEL OF DEMOCRATIC AUTHORITY: CONDITION FOR STABILIZATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA?

The principle of non-discrimination in modern legal systems, both at national and at regional and global levels of government, is the primary prerequisite for the realization of all other (fundamental) rights and freedoms. The essence of this principle, which is, in fact, inextricably linked to the principle of equality in rights, is reflected in the requirement to ensure to all persons, without discrimination on any basis, the realization and enjoyment of the fundamental rights and freedoms that are guaranteed by provisions of the national constitutions, Laws and other legal acts. The functionality of the entire state government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often hindered by the complex decision-making processes at all state levels which lead to obstruction of the entire decision-making process. Such a disfunctional decision-making process on the state level poses a threat and disables the Bosnian plural society to respond to the modern challenges of a democratic functioning state.The Bosnian model of democratic authority is trying to determine the individual primarily as a citizen, to which they bind certain rights and duties, but without neglecting the fact that citizens enjoy certain rights (and obligations) that belong to them based on their affiliation to a particular collectivity. Bosnian society as a community of citizens and a community of communities should not ignore any of the aforementioned sides of human nature.

Plagued by the Self

Elisabeth Roudinesco, Lacan: In Spite of Everything, trans. Gregory Elliott, London, Verso, 2014.As anyone who has attempted to teach Lacan's work will recognise, there are perhaps as many different Lacans as there are readers of Lacan. The tendency of his concepts to be at once so evocative and yet ultimately evasive makes him a perfect tool for the literary critic, but perhaps not so useful for the medical practitioner. Elisabeth Roudinesco, head of research in history at University of Paris VII and author of three books on the renowned neo-Freudian, would probably reject such an assessment of the situation. Her new work seeks to defend Lacan's reputation as a mental health professional even as she reveals some of the more intimate details of his occasional small madnesses. Lacan: In Spite of Everything (2014) provides a compelling and insightful, if occasionally frustrating, reading experience. Food for thought which, unusually for anything Lacan-related, is also eminently readable.Roudinesco's previous works on Lacan, translated as Jacques Lacan & Co.: a history of psychoanalysis in France, 1925-1985 (1990) and Jacques Lacan (1999), approach the man respectively as an infl uential fi gure in the history of psychoanalysis and then as a great individual thinker in his own right. Now, in Lacan: In Spite of Everything (2014), Roudinesco returns to Lacan in light of his confl icted legacy and, in setting herself up to correct some fl awed interpretations, reveals a range of unexpected and eccentric biographical details in the process. Much like some of Plato's treatment of Socrates, Roudinesco's compelling depiction of Lacan's character emotionally connects the reader to his intellectual propositions as they are expounded. The subject (with a barred S) crouches at the centre of the text daring you to try and know more about him. Yet, all along, we are also reminded of a Lacan who 'embodied the ideals of an institutional psychotherapy and a humanist psychiatry today in disarray' (p152), who was 'the only psychological thinker to consider the legacy of Auschwitz in Freudian fashion' (p7), and whose own reading of Freud was not clinical, but 'deployed as a new humanism promoting individual liberties and an exploration of the irrational side of human nature' (p9). In spite of everything, Lacan remained a 'doctor of the sick' (p152), and we are clearly to respect this. Although this respect does end up making some of his unusual personal habits all the more juicy as gossip.As Roudinesco writes, 'Lacan felt sorry for fathers and hated mothers and families, while himself being an actor in the intra-familial humiliations he denounced' (p37); leaving his pregnant wife for his pregnant mistress, among other tabloid-friendly affaires de coeur. Yet it is Thanatos rather than Eros who we are most often to see haunting his decisions. He seems at once driven and paralysed by a fear of death and a fear of fi nality. Terrifi ed of naming, his published letters are titled writings [Ecrits], his seminars The Seminar, and his television appearance Television. He would 'sleep fewer than fi ve hours a night [and] drive his car without observing basic safety rules' (p97) to maximise his work-time. At work, his analytic sessions got shorter and shorter until 'certain people were doing ten a day, one minute every half-hour' (p114). When we read that, in 1953, he wanted to 'persuade the Pope' (p106) of his theories, the old stereotypes of the patient running the asylum start to come to mind in some of their more cliched forms. Yet, as with any good psychoanalytical case study, it is the method behind the madness which provokes the most interest and moves us beyond the banal task of checking-off symptoms towards a systematic and nuanced appreciation of the condition in which we fi nd ourselves.The linguistic component of Lacan's theory 'the signifying chain: a subject is represented by a signifi er for another signifi er' (p66) - is translated into Roudinesco's core organising metaphor: the 'Plague'. …

Organization and Positive Psychology with Diversity

Positive Psychology - a ground breaking study of what makes us feel good, function well and flourish. Pearson (2006) has remarked that Positive side of human nature has been of long – standing interest of both philosophers and psychologists, but it is only recently that the positive side of human behaviour has attracted serious and more widespread empirical study. We intend to familiarize with the Literature and professional associations’ findings and also understand the comprehensive perspectives of Positive Psychology with gender diversity as applied in the changing world of work. The subject matter here is of high intrinsic interest as the dynamics include an amalgamation of western and eastern Concepts of wellbeing. An effort is made to recognize and provide a basis for social change in education, work, families and societies in particular for they are the institutions where individuals assumes happiness lies in. The issues and questions addressed have been largely unexamined especially at the workplace, our material affluence is dramatically rising, measures of our psychological wellbeing are declining. The development of Positive Psychology is connected to the broader culture which it is a part, to the apparent paradox of this country. There needs to be progress in the rationalization of the workplace and the Management by tradition has to yield to Management by scientific observation and measurement. To be successful in other words, a Scientific Organizational Psychology needs to take the mental structure of the worker as seriously as it takes the Mechanics of work.

Keeping It Real: Unmasking Evidence of Delight in Others’ MisfortuneKeeping It Real: Unmasking Evidence of Delight in Others’ Misfortune

Why do people driving down the highway in rush hour traffic slow down to look at a terrible accident? Despite the fact that this behavior always contributes additional traffic problems, delays, and sometimes other accidents, it invariably happens. Why are television shows such as Maury, in which primarily blue-collar people air their complex family problems, including embarrassing paternity test results, so popular and continue to be shown on daytime television? Why are tabloids that feature horrendous stories of the bizarre and the ridiculous so popular at grocery store checkout stations? The answers to these questions can be found in Richard H. Smith’s The Joy of Pain: Schadenfreude and the Dark Side of Human Nature. I am grateful that a credible scientist has endeavored to approach this controversial subject. I don’t think that I am overreaching when I state that all human beings on earth should understand this concept and acknowledge that it is a part of the human condition, no matter how much we try to deny it. What is schadenfreude? Schadenfreude is a German word translating directly as “harm joy” and is defined as taking pleasure in the misfortune of others. I am sure, given this definition, few would admit to consciously taking pleasure in the misfortune of others. However, Smith aptly draws from his experiences, evidence in published and other research, literature, and popular culture to demonstrate that schadenfreude is an unquestionably human trait that has probably always been a part of the human psyche. But, in the current screen-based culture of Internet access, 24-hour news channels, and reality television shows, it has risen to the level of art form in spectator cruelty. Smith breaks the concept down into its component parts to help the reader understand its importance and how it is related to other emotional responses.

What an Understanding of the Dynamics of Gossip Has to Teach About Group Dynamics and Group Leadership

Although what transpires in group therapy is not gossip per se–except perhaps when absent or former members are discussed–listening to group interaction through an understanding of the dynamics of gossip can contribute to a greater appreciation of group dynamics and group leadership as well as enlarge therapeutic space. After examining the interpersonal dynamics of gossip, this paper discusses six ways in which an understanding of these dynamics can inform group leadership and shed light on group psychotherapy. Central features of gossip that appear in group interactions are explored: These include projection, displacement, self-esteem regulation, clarification of motivation, unself-consciousness, social comparison and bonding, avoidance of psychic pain, and making the ego-syntonic dystonic. The lively use of imagination in the mature phase of group therapy is conceived of as the time when the darker side of human nature–imagined gossip harnessed for therapeutic purposes–can be welcomed in and processed in a kind, playful, and compassionate manner.

From Personal Misfortune to Public Liability

The tension between a notion of the “common good” and individual liberty is one that political theory knows well. Indeed much of human political history is written around this central theme. In health matters, for example, we are now quite used to state regulation of products and practices that harm life or limb. The state, having a responsibility for the welfare of its citizens, has an accepted role—a duty, even—to mitigate exposure to harm, a sort of presumption in favor or even a casus belli in wars against public danger. The force majeure that justifies these regulations, including those associated with behavior and consumption, is the preservation of life itself and as such has found increasing support since the late 20th century in both the political process and the court of public opinion. Laws promoting smoking cessation and the use of seat belts or prohibiting drinking and driving and drug and alcohol abuse are all grounded in both common sense and scientific justifications that are hard to argue against. But as public health regulations have come into their own—turning from tobacco and alcohol to what we eat and how much—it is a reasonable necessity to ask where the limits of such state intervention and regulation might lie, lest excessive control infringe upon or even remove personal agency, risking both transgressions against autonomy and a Prohibition type of backlash that could undermine the public health impacts of well-intentioned policy. In other words, at what point should the state stop saving ourselves from ourselves? And what role does personal responsibility play—though we also must ask how much can be expected when structures in a capital-driven society purposefully seek to weaken self-efficacy (individuals’ confidence in their ability to enact and carry out healthful decisions) or obstruct agency (individuals’ actual capacity)? In societies where external loci of control are avidly sought when things go wrong, to what extent is it possible to experience personal misfortune without public liability? When is it “my responsibility” and when is it up to the government to restrict “my choices” as I cannot myself? Part of the problem—and one that receives scant attention in consideration of public health—is that there is a side of human nature that is dark and Bioethical Inquiry (2013) 10:1–5 DOI 10.1007/s11673-013-9427-x

Understanding the darker side of human nature.

Understanding the darker side of human nature.

Herbert M. Lefcourt (1936–2011).

Presents an obituary for Herbert M. Lefcourt. In the summer of 1963, with a freshly minted PhD degree in his hands, Lefcourt moved to Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Along with several other young faculty members from the United States, Herb had been recruited to help establish a new PhD program in clinical psychology at the University of Waterloo. Over the ensuing years, it became recognized as one of the leading clinical programs in North America. Ever an optimist with a zest for life, Herb focused on the positive side of human nature in his research interests. While others studied stress and distress, Herb was more interested in the personality traits of people who are particularly resilient, able to withstand adversity without succumbing to illness and depression. Later in his career, his interests turned to the study of the sense of humor, again conceptualized as a personality variable with important implications for mental and physical health. Herb retired from the university in 1996 and was awarded the honorific of Distinguished Professor Emeritus. He had a very enjoyable retirement, pursuing his many interests, which included international travel, hiking, woodworking, literature, film, and classical music, and enjoying his summer cottage on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron. He is remembered as an energetic teacher who, in addition to having an eclectic command of the theory and research, drew on his vast knowledge of literature, film, and current events to make his lectures interesting, informative, and thought-provoking.

Book review of Maxine Sheets-Johnstone’s The Roots of Morality

The Roots of Morality is Maxine Sheets-Johnstone's third book in a trio of Roots… books. The first was the The Roots of Thinking (1990), and the second The Roots of Power: Animate Form and Gendered Bodies (1994). Like her other work, The Roots of Morality makes use of an unusually wide range of sources and philosophical perspectives. The aim of the book is to elucidate 'an understanding of morality grounded in the nature of human nature'. To achieve this, Sheets-Johnstone seeks to examine the 'fundamental realities of human nature' and to articulate a 'foundation- alist morality'—a framework that identifies and explores 'pan-cultural aspects of human existence' (p.1). The book is divided into two parts with the first focused on what is usually considered the 'dark side of human nature'. Topics in this part include power, death, 'real male-male competition' and evil. The book moves in part II to discuss what is usually considered the more 'positive side' of human nature; the chapters focus on empathy, child' sp lay, trust and caring. The book also contains a detailed Prologue in which Sheets-Johnstone examines the challenge of 'grounding' the moral sense by discussing the Humean background to contemporary accounts of sympathy, selfishness and the nature and role of affect more generally. It also frames the culture/nature distinction in terms of mythology and religion, patriarchal symbolism, contemporary Western science and pan-cultural practices of war. The book ends with an Epilogue in which a form of moral naturalism is outlined; one that tries to provide an account of morality which is interdependent with social-psychological approaches to human nature. At over 400 pages long, the book is a sustainedand compellingaccount offundamental andmorally vital aspects of subjectivity, intersubjectivity and human nature. The book advocates and is itself a rare example of genuinely interdisciplinary research. It is relevant to philosophers with interests in a number of areas, as well as psychologists, anthropologists and others. According to Sheets-Johnstone: 'A universal morality must necessarily rest on universal foundations; that is, it must logically derive from what is pan-cultural'

What Lies Beneath the Surface? A Case Study of Citizens’ Moral Reasoning with Regard to Biodiversity

This paper focuses on a Swedish case where a biological insecticide has been used to fight mosquitoes in order to reduce the nuisance to humans. The case concerns conflicting values regarding environmental protection. People's quality of life in the summers is placed in opposition to long-term risks to biodiversity. On the surface, the affected lay-population is one-sidedly positive about the intervention. However, interviews with citizens revealed a more complex picture, where the majority also touched upon value conflicts. At the same time, different psychological mechanisms for handling these dilemmas hindered more critical and doubtful views from being included in societal deliberations concerning the intervention. By way of conclusion, we argue that it is important to create deliberative arrangements that acknowledge the emotional and contradictory side of human nature and that encourage people to dare to voice standpoints that may be seen as uncomfortable or inconsistent.

Learning and the Value of Debate

I remember the dismay that I experienced as I encountered the level of contentiousness that seemed to characterize my doctoral classes. It was unnerving to discover that most of my fellow students were given to fairly intense debate over virtually every topic that we studied. Why?, I wondered. I slowly (and somewhat painfully) learned the benefit of debate in learning, especially in the sciences of the mind. Debate sharpens the focus and forces one to clarify his or her position. Recently, I stumbled on a reference to the course taught by cognitive scientist Stevan Harnad at the University of Southampton. The course is called Current Debates in Psychology (Harnad, n.d.). Basically, the course addresses controversial topics, which serve as the basis for the lectures and discussion that take place during the semester. The following six topics are selected from Harnad's 17-topic module in order to support the idea that psychology and its related content areas provide a platform for controversy at its best: * "Shrinks and Cranks." Do therapies-both psychic and somatic-work? What counts as evidence for and against? * "The Devil Made Me Do It." The dark sides of human nature: rape, incest, violence. Does sociobiology explain them? Is it all our evolutionary heritage? * "Me and My Selfish Genes." Is it all about getting power, property, and progeny? * "Or Do We Each Have Minds After All?" The critiques of sociobiology and behavior genetic analysis: psychological, statistical, biologic. * "When Science Tampers With Feelings." Intelligence testing, electroshock therapy, animal experiments: Science and human values. * "Consciousness of Consciousness." Do animals know others have minds? Do children? How can you tell? What is it for? (Harnad, n.d., paras. 5, 7-10, 20) The reader may wish to check out the entire list at http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/ debates.html (Harnad, n.d.), but as I reviewed the list, I could not help thinking of other debates that exist, and I wondered just how long the list could be if it were allowed to approach some degree of completeness. We could take the topics published over the years in Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry (EHPP) and use them to expand the list. As it happened, when I first reviewed Harnad's list, I was also composing this editorial, and thus the connection was drawn. Borrowing Harnad's style, I have noted in the following discussion several additional controversial topics that this issue of EHPP explores. Consider the various controversies that exist within the subjects covered in this issue of EHPP: the mental health of soldiers, the use of antidepressants, confrontation psychotherapy, epilepsy and the media, gifts to therapists, autism, and mental health as an epidemic. Harnad's list is not at all exhaustive, but it will support the point that society benefits from the learning that occurs in debate. WAR AND THE MENTAL HEALTH OF SOLDIERS: ARE THEY EVER PREPARED? As I am writing this, word just came that Osama bin Laden was killed. The relief and rejoicing over the killing of this al-Qaeda leader must also have brought at least some realization to our conscious mind about just where we are with respect to the act of ending the life of another human. Ever since I read Grossman's (1996) book, On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society, I have been hypersensitive to the act of killing because it is sanctioned in war. I am not campaigning about any liferelated issue. I am simply reporting my own sensitivity to the subject. Therefore, reading Clark Barrett's article on the mental preparation (or lack thereof) that soldiers received, it brought Grossman's thesis back to mind in stark reality. Humans have to be prepared for war and its associated antilife force. In the lead article in this issue of EHPP, "Unarmed and Dangerous: The Holistic Preparation of Soldiers for Combat," Barrett has presented a compelling picture of the issues involved in this preparation. …