Side Of Hill Research Articles

On a relation between soil moisture and rainfall on a hill side

On a relation between soil moisture and rainfall on a hill side

NewChlamys delicatulalocalities in the central North Island and uplift of the Ruahine Range

Abstract The scallop Chlamys (Zygochlamys) delicatula (Hutton) now lives mainly in the subantarctic area south of New Zealand, and is common only as far north as Otago Peninsula. The limits of its northward migration during early Nukumaruan (late Pliocene or early Pleistocene) glacial periods are defined by scattered localities in the lowlands of Hawke's Bay and Wanganui, and in the northern Ruahine Range. Five new localities near the northern limits of its northward migration are reported: Ashcott Hill, Ruataniwha Plains; crest of the northeastern Ruahine Range west of Big Hill; western side of Mt Kohinga, near Kuripapango, Napier-Taihape Road; eastern side of Gentle Annie Hill, near Kuripapango; and summit of Te Rakaunuiakura, Mangaohane limestone plateau, western Ruahine Range east of Taihape. That most of the elevation of the Ruahine Range occurred during the last 1 million years (i.e., since early Castlecliffian time) is demonstrated by 3 lines of evidence: the widespread outliers of Nukumaruan marin...

ウンシュウミカンのいわゆる黄色果について

These investigations were carried out from 1973 to 1977 in order to clarify the conditions of occurrence and the quality of “yellowish fruit” in crops of satsumamandarins, because of the problems raised by their occurrence in recent years in Nagasaki.1. The “L” and “b” values for the rind surfaces of yellowish fruit as measured on Color-Difference Meter were higher than for those of “reddish”, but the “a” values were lower. The ranges of “L”, “a” and “b” values were 60-63, 17-20 and 34-38, respectively for yellowish fruit, and for reddish fruit, 56-60, 22-27 and 32-37, respectively.2. The juice of the yellowish fruits was lower in sugar content and higher in acid content than that of the reddish ones, and the proportion of small yellowish fruit below “S” size was greater than that of small reddish fruit. The rind surface of the yellowish fruit was smooth, less susceptible to injury, and showed a lower occurrence of puffing and wilting during storage.3. The ratio of yellowish fruit in the packing house ranged from 10% to 30%, varying according to the year and the regions.4. The occurrence of yellowish fruit in the lower part of the bearing area of the tree crown was greatest, especially that on the hill side of the tree. A relationship was found to exist between the occurrence of yellowish fruit and light intensity.5. There was a quantity of yellowish fruit in light-deficient orchards facing north-east.6. It was concluded that yellowish fruit was less colored, smaller fruit produced in the inner or lower parts of the tree crown, and that its occurrence depends largely on light conditions in the bearing part of the tree crown.

The parallel roads of Glen Roy and adjacent glens, Scotland

The width and angle of outward slope of the parallel roads of glens Roy, Gloy and Spean have been measured at 787 points and road volume has been approximately determined at 236 points. Analyses of the measurements show that road widths are highly correlated inversely with the slopes of the hill sides on which they occur. Road volume is unrelated to hillside slope or to geology, but is highly correlated with length of fetch from south‐west. Locally the roads resulted from fluvial (including fluvioglacial) depostion, but normally they are the result of erosion at the back and deposition at the front. It is maintained that the roads were not formed only by wave action but also by powerful frost action in the critical environment of the slightly varying lake level. It is inferred that each road was at first formed extremely quickly and, thereafter, developed very slowly

Primitive Sense inLamia

A poet may strip layers of culture from his own and his reader's consciousness, almost without premediation, laying bare some long buried matrix of primal feeling. So it is with Shelley when, translating Bion, he has Venus bewail the death of Adonis, 'Oh, let thy breath flow from thy dying soul/ Even to my mouth and heart, that I may suck.' With like intuition, the English Adonais, John Keats, flashes toward unfamiliar sensations. In the last of his letters he recalls 'all that information (primitive sense) necessary for a poem'. It is that primitive sense of the elemental, of time-encrusted insights, in Lamia that I should like to consider in terms of folklore. Tabu is important in Keats's poetry. The Knight at arms of 'La Belle Dame Sans Merci' (first version), having broken a tabu by eating fairy food, roots, honey, and manna dew,' enters the thralldom of a being who is a fairy femme fatale and a Circe who looks 'as she did love' (while yet a serpent, Lamia has a 'Circean head'). Warned in a dream, instead of joining her other captives, he has a painful release 'on the cold hill's side', there to wither like the sedge. Compression, ambivalent sexual adventure, and abandonment after a broken tabu which usually alienates the wanderer from fellow mortals, not from a temptress, suggest without elaborating or clarifying the old motifs. To savages rather than to medieval knights sexual intercourse during war was apparently tabu because of a fear that 'close contact with women should infect them with feminine weakness and cowardice'.2 The interest of 'the camelion Poet' in the story of Cupid and Psyche made him familiar with the tabu against seeing a mate or against seeing him naked. Because the oracle of Apollo had revealed to Psyche's father that she would marry a dragon (old style serpent), her sisters made her dread lying with something monstrous. Thus Psyche lit a lamp at night and heedlessly woke Cupid when oil dripped on his body.3

Productivity and Flowering of Winter Ephemerals in Relation to Sonoran Desert Shrubs

Ephemeral plant biomass and density on a Sonoran Desert hill near Cave Creek, Arizona, vary relative to shrub canopy type and shrub density. Higher shrub density associated with increased elevation appears to decrease both ephemeral biGmass productivity and density, while ephemeral growth is enhanced under a shrub canopy if it is not too dense or low-hanging. Phenology of ephemerals on the desert study site shows early cool-season germination, low tolerance to heat, and early flowering when compared to shrubs and succulents in the same area. INTRODUCTION The Sonoran Desert of North America is characterized by a hot, dry climate; small mountain ranges rising out of fairly level basins, and a vegetation of shrubs, small trees, cacti and associated ephemerals. Information on desert ephemerals includes studies of germination (Went, 1948, 1949; Went and Westergaard, 1949; Capon and Van Asdall, 1967), growth and longevity (Tevis, 1958; Beatley, 1967), responses to moisture stress (Klikoff, 1966; Adams, et al., 1970) and interspecific associations with herbs (both annual and perennial), shrubs and small trees (Went, 1942; Muller, 1953; Muller and Muller, 1956; McDonough, 1963; Beatley, 1966, 1969; Cable, 1969; Harris and Wilson, 1970). The prime objective of this study was to relate ephemeral productivity and density to varying densities of shrubs in the central Arizona portion of the Sonoran Desert; in addition, phenological observations were made. STUDY AREA This study was conducted on the N side of a small desert hill near Cave Creek which lies N of the Salt River Valley in central Arizona. The hill is approximately 1.2 km wide at its base and rises 162 m above a base of 610 m elevation. The geologic substrate is composed of schist of igneous origin, and the soils, typical Aridosols, generally are shallow with small amounts of organic matter, little clay development and a layer of caliche in the lower portion of the profile. The climate of this area is desert-like, but modified by itg proximity to mountainous terrain to the N. Data taken from the Weather Bureau at Cave Creek, Arizona, show a mean annual precipitation of approximately 300 mm. Precipitation peaks occur during the summer from 1 Present address: Department of Botany, University of Rhode Island,

A HAND-OPERATED UNDISTURBED CORE SAMPLER

The Snake River Sampler consists of 5 basic parts: an outer spiraled steel casing, an inner split sleeve holder, a split sleeve sample (which can be either brass or steel), an inner sleeve lock, and a spring steel cutting tip. The split sleeve holder and the 3-1/8-in. ID split sleeve are non-rotating, and receive the sample upon cutting. The sampler, as described, was designed for taking undisturbed cores up to 9 in. long. The sampler is compact with a total weight of 19-1/4 lb and is capable of taking a sample with a volume of 80.28 cu in. The advantages of this sampler are that samples can be taken from many positions, ranging from level ground to sides of hills.

Analcime Deposits in the Wichita Mountains, Southwestern Oklahoma

The Raggedy Mountain gabbro group is a layered body of basic igneous rocks which crop out in the Wichita Mountain region of southwestern Oklahoma. These gabbroic rocks consist of stratiform layers of troctolite, anorthosite, anorthositic gabbro, olivine gabbro, diallage gabbro, and quartz diorite. The Raggedy Mountain group has been dated at about 535 million years.Within this gabbroic terrain are scattered outcrops of a red-colored, layered, zeolitized sequence of rock that has been named the Tepee Creek Formation. This unit occurs as erosional remnants along the sides of low-lying anorthosite hills, or closely associated with nearby anorthosite outcrops. Field relationships suggest that the Tepee Creek is Permian in age.The zeolite has a composition in the analcime-wairakite range and is very fine grained. The presence of unaltered anorthosite pebbles and the petrographic nature of the Tepee Creek suggest that prior to zeolitization this rock was a poorly sorted plagioclase arkose. There is no field or laboratory evidence for either volcanic or hydrothermal activity associated with the formation of the zeolite. Zeolitization thus appears to be a diagenetic change; the zeolite replaces the plagioclase feldspars and forms the cementing material. Other alteration minerals that occur in relatively minor amounts are calcite, dolomite, natrolite, and quartz.

5073 丘陵住宅地開発におけるオープンスペースの配置に関する考察

5073 丘陵住宅地開発におけるオープンスペースの配置に関する考察

On the abnormally high natural remanent magnetization of certain lavas

The rock specimens found to have natural remanent magnetization of abnormally high intensity, have been generally from hill sides or tops, or from ridges high up from the local surroundings. A field of several hundred oersteds has been found sufficient to produce in some of the artificially demagnetized specimens an isothermal magnetization of the same order as the abnormal natural ones, and this magnetization has shown a similar degree of stability as the natural one. Variations in the direction and magnitude of the natural magnetic vector have been found over a distance of a few centimetres. Laboratory tests indicate a normal chemical composition for the specimens. The lightning discharge seems to be the plausible cause of abnormally high magnetization of rocks, which is generally isothermal and might have originated in the recent past, but the magnetization is sometimes complicated probably by the thermal effect of the discharge.

The Eucalyptus Crusade

Research Article| March 01 1962 The Eucalyptus Crusade VIOLA LOCKHART WARREN VIOLA LOCKHART WARREN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Southern California Quarterly (1962) 44 (1): 31–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/41169726 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation VIOLA LOCKHART WARREN; The Eucalyptus Crusade. Southern California Quarterly 1 March 1962; 44 (1): 31–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/41169726 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentSouthern California Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright, 1962 The Historical Society of Southern California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

ON THE SIMPLIFICATION OF THE NATURAL SHAPE OF HILL SIDE FOR RUNOFF ESTIMATION

The author considered the effects of the shape of hill side upon the runoff behaviours of rainwater. In this paper, the method to estimate that effects and some results obtained from its numerical examples available to the simplification of runoff-estimation are presented. This is a part of the basic research programs on the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph.

Large Nivation Hollows near Knob Lake, Quebec

A specialized type of hollow formed on slopes where snow persists into the summer is common in the highlands of the Labrador lake plateau in the vicinity of Knob Lake, Quebec. The hollows originated primarily by nivation, that is, the sapping and erosive action of freeze-thaw processes acting on saturated ground under or along the edge of snow patches. Particularly large, well-developed examples in the shape of deep, semicircular basins with backwalls at the angle of repose for coarse materials and gently sloping floors are situated in glacial drift on the northern sides of bedrock hills in one part of this highland area. Many of these hollows were enlarged and modified by collapse and sliding of the backwalls. Hence two stages of development are apparent: (1) formation of the simple nivation hollow by nivation erosive processes, whereby the size of the hollow was limited by the depth of drift and the competence of the materials composing the backwall, and (2) complex forms, evolved when collapse of the backwalls modified the slope and outline of the simple hollows. Early disappearance of snow and ice from most of the basins during the first half of the summer and the generally dense cover of vegetation indicate that the hollows are at present stabilized and that they formed during a colder climate or under heavier precipitation, or both, than is established today.

Myotis subulatus liebii in Eastern New York

Since the distribution of the least brown bat, Myotis subulatus liebii, is poorly known, the following occurrence seems worthy of record. On January 27, 1955, six specimens of this species were found in an abandoned mineshaft near Sprakers, Montgomery County, New York. They were found in company with two Myotis keenii septentrionalis and one Eptesicus fuscus fuscus. One of the six was preserved, and is now in the collection of the New York State College for Teachers, Albany, N. Y. The mine-shaft is located along a large creek, which passes through a tract of hemlock-beech-hard maple forest. This shaft extends about 90 feet horizontally into the side of a steep hill, and in cold winter weather the temperature falls to nearly freezing throughout its length. It regularly harbors about a dozen bats in winter, but these do not represent a constant population. Bats banded in mid-winter visits to...

Emergency Coins of Stone Ware

In an emergency towards the end of the world war II, the Japanese Government planed the issue of stone ware coins. Private ceramic works in three major pottery districts of Japan were hired for the production. Raw materials of the each district were used, only the tint was adjusted between them by proper choice of iron containing material. Filterpressed cakes were disintegrated to pills and they were dried to 6-10% water. These semi-dry pills were fed into rotary tablet machines hitherto used for camphor preparations and stamped. Burning was done at cone SK 6-7 (abt. 1250°C) in tunnel kilns. The cions were made in the same diameters of the corresponding tin or aluminium coins but Somewhat thicker Thus in SETO factorv 13 millions and in KYOTO 2 millions of coins were made up to July of 1945. In ARITA factory step-up chambe kilns on hill side (“nobori-gama”) were used and few were made.But before the coins became currency the war ceased and the entire of them was broken to the dust because the minimum necesary reserve of 25 millions of pieces was not atlained.

Agricultural Problems of the Middle East

N THIS paper, the Middle East denotes the Arab countries of the Arabian Peninsula and in particular countries of the Fertile Crescent, the belt of higher rainfall in its north west and north. Israel is excluded because while physically in this area, it does not fit into its pattern and Israel's problems are different. It is a fascinating region, full of contrasts, full of puzzles, full of possibilities, but beset with grave problems. The difficulties which hinder the realization of the possibilities are to some extent due to nature; while many are made by man this does not seem to make solution any easier. First of all there are striking contrasts between regions with highly productive and well watered lands and barren desert with hardly any rainfall and no possibility of irrigation; there are the contrasts between intensive cultivation of flatlands and hill sides and ruinous ways of extracting a return from the soil; there are the contrasts between up-to-date methods of good farming and age old primitive methods of cultivation and implements; and finally there are the contrasts between the memory and relics of a glorious past and the bleak and difficult present. Agriculture is the principal industry of the region. It provides employment for the largest number of people, even if it has given way to oil royalties as the principal source of wealth which now flows into this area. Just as with oil, the factors that are vitally important for agriculture, are unevenly distributed.

Staphylococcus Citreus in the Fowl, Case Report

A local broiler producer (in northwest Arkansas)* suffered losses in two month old birds in which the causative agent was probably Staphylococcus citreus. This organism was.isolated in pure culture from keel cysts and from the liver of birds dying of the disease. The low pathogenicity attributed to Staphylococcus citreus by pathologists makes this report desirable. It will appear, however, that other factors enter into the pathogenicity of the organism involved.The house in which these birds were produced was constructed on the north side of a steep hill, convenience for the producer being the first consideration. The floor was of wire, with from one to four feet to the ground. The high side was to the north, and therefore favorable to draft with north winds. The wire floor of hexagonal chicken wire was supported by heavier fencing wire. The fencing wire had twist joints, which often presented a jagged point, .

Grim's Bank, Padworth, Berkshire

The immediate environs of Silchester consist of fields, which are either now under plough or else have been arable for many years in the recent past. Consequently there are few, if any, traces there of the Roman roads which led from the various gates to Dorchester, Speen and Cirencester, Sarum, Winchester, and London. A mile or more to the north and northwest of the Roman town, however, there is a belt of land, which is largely heathland except where trees have been planted. Here there are clear indications of the line of two Roman roads, one from the west gate, west-northwest to Speen and Cirencester, the other from the north gate to Dorchester (Oxon.)The road to Speen (FIG. I) was formerly thought to follow closely the modern road along the northern side of Silchester Common and thence to run along the straight county boundary between Berkshire and Hampshire. In recent years, however, Mr O. G. S. Crawford has shown that the road, instead of following this traditional line, ran west-northwestward to cross the river Kennet near Brimpton Mill. It is traceable as a raised camber or a deep hollow way from Catthaw Lands Copse, about half-a-mile from the west gate of Silchester, to the western side of Hungry Hill. Further west, in Decoy Plantation, and again beyond the road from Padworth Common, i.e. in Keyser's Plantation, it is clearly seen as a broad cambered way (o.s. 641-1. Berkshire XLIV, SE, Hampshire IV, SE). Beyond this point the present writer has not followed it, but Mr Crawford has noted its continuation.

The Origin and Structure of the Lower Viséan Reef-Knolls of the Clitheroe District, Lancashire

Summary The reef-knolls discussed in particular are Crow Hill, Worsaw, Gerna, Sykes and Twiston, all of which lie on the south-eastern limb of the Clitheroe anticline. It is shown that along the eastern side of Worsaw Hill the reef-limestone accumulated at high angles to the horizontal and at depths varying from sea-level down to 400 feet or more below, on a slope running perpendicular to the present strike of the surrounding beds. Shales and thin-bedded limestones were deposited between the reefs and contemporaneously with them on a sinking sea-floor. The larger knolls are considered to be the exposed parts of reefs which were originally ridge-like and ran parallel to the north-west and south-east fault lines and perpendicular to the later main orogenic axes. Some of the reefs may have been several miles in length, but their width rarely exceeded half a mile. Reef sedimentation was followed by uplift which resulted in erosion along the flanks of the reefs and a deepening of the depressions between them. The succeeding Worst on Shales were thus deposited on an uneven surface which resulted primarily from original irregularities of sedimentation but which was modified by subsequent earth-movement. I. Introduction In 1926, in describing the Lower Carboniferous succession of the Clitheroe-Pendle area, I adduced evidence supporting Tiddeman's theory (1900, and Kendall and Wroot 1924, p. 92) of the origin of the reef.knolls. It was argued that the stratigraphy could only be satisfactorily interpreted on the assumption that the limestone hills lying between the villages of

Insect Enemies of the Cashewnut Plant (Anacardium occidentale) in South India

Though an exotic species the cashewnut plant has gained a strong foothold in this country, especially along the coastal and submontane areas of the West Coast from the Cape in the South to almost as far as Bombay and in different parts of the Coromandel Coast. Due to great de- mand for the cashew kernels from outside countries, thousands of acres of waste land which have been left uncultivated till recently have been planted up with this tree and year after year new areas are planted up. This is a tree which is found to grow well in almost all kinds of soils, and especially in well drained rain led hill sides and the sandy coastal tracts; it begins to bear well and give a good return in about six to eight years. Prospective planters of this crop will, however, do well to bestow suffi- cient care and precaution towards the healthy growth of the tree free from diseases and pests to which this crop is frequently subjected. As the area under this crop is bound to increase year after year in proportion to the growing demand, the chances for pests and diseases to multiply are great, as has been the experience with crops like sugarcane and groundnut in S. India. While even in the case of several crops like those mentioned above, pests of minor importance in the old days have begun to assume the status of major pests, in perennial plants like mango, cashew or other trees such pests have greater chances of rapid multiplication and wider distribution when the area under the food plant increases rapidly and no attention is paid to these pests in the early stages. In this paper an attempt is made to give a brief account of the different insects associated with this plant, their bionomics as far as we know and a few suggestions towards their control.