Side Of Finger Research Articles

A Stretchable Capacitive Sensory Skin for Exploring Cluttered Environments

We present a design and fabrication method using low-cost materials for anew tactile sensor that is highly stretchable (up to 60%) and for which the signal is substantially unaffected by stretching, immersion in water, or electromagnetic noise. The sensor can be wrapped around the front, side and back surfaces of fingers and allows them to flex without affecting the signal. The sensor consists of multiple layers of UV laser-patterned metallic capacitive elements and interconnects, encapsulated in a silicone membrane. It survives large impacts and over a thousand stretching cycles without a change in performance. We use low-cost capacitance-to-digital converters for filtering and communication. To meet different requirements for the front and back surfaces of fingers, the sensitivity of taxels can be tuned by varying the dielectric pattern and in CDC firmware. The skin detects contacts as low as 60 Pa and is intended for manipulation in cluttered environments where the back of the hand may accidentally brush objects.

Application of KISS anterolateral thigh flap in repairing soft tissue defect of dorsal side of multiple fingers

Objective To evaluate the surgical technique and clinical effect of free KISS anterolateral thigh flap in repairing soft tissue defect of dorsal side of fingers. Methods From January, 2014 to June, 2019, 7 patients with soft tissue defects in dorsal side of multiple fingers were treated. Step one, a KISS anterolateral thigh flap was used and a temporary syndactyly between adjacent affected fingers was created by suture of the digital palmar skin. The donor sites were sutured directly. Step two, a procedure of partial de-bulking and division of syndactyly was followed-up 1-3 months later. All cases were followed-up in observations of appearance, texture, functions and donor site of flaps. Results All flaps survived, and all went through disorders of no blood circulation. The followed-up time were 3 to 24 (average 12.5) months. The flaps had fine appearance, texture and colour. The dorsal aspects of reconstructed fingers demonstrated an aesthetically pleasing effect after the flap de-bulking and division of syndactyly. The donor site only left a linear scar, and the thigh had no functional deficit. Conclusion Free KISS anterolateral thigh flap in repairing defects of dorsal skin in multiple fingers could simplify the operation, shorten operative time and reduce surgical trauma. Key words: Anterolateral thigh flap; Finger; KISS flap; Repair; Microsurgical operation

Management of Stenosing Tenosynovitis (trigger finger) with Ayurved- A case study

Trigger finger is a painful condition that makes your fingers or thumb catch or lock when you bend them. It can affect any finger, or more than one. You might hear it called stenosing tenosynovitis. Most of the time, it comes from a repeated movement or forceful use of your finger or thumb. It can also happen due to inflammation. Local swelling from inflammation or scarring of the tendon sheath (tenosynovium) around the flexor tendons causes trigger finger. These tendons normally pull the affected digit inward toward the palm (flexion). When they are inflamed, they tend to catch where they normally slide through the tendon sheath. A 62 year old patient visited OPD. He was having symptoms on right hand middle finger and side finger. He has difficulty in folding joint and if he fold finger joint he was unable to straight the joint. There was no relief aftermodern medicine. So he wishes to start Ayurvedic treatment. As per ayurved it is sandhi snayugat vata vikar. So considering this diagnosis, ksheerbala 101- 2 capsules tds were prescribed. Patient got complete relief after 3 months.

Treatment of mallet finger deformity by reconstruction of the terminal extensor tendon insertion with Endobutton CL BTB

Objective Purpose To introduce the treatment of mallet finger deformity by reconstruction of the terminal extensor tendon insertion with endobutton CL bone-tendon-bone (BTB), and discuss its clinical effects. Methods From January 2010 to August 2013, 21patients (male 15, female 6) with mallet finger deformity were retrospectively studied. The average age of patients was 31.3±5.3 years. The time from injury to surgery was 5.2±2.1 d. Extensor tendons were ruptured at the terminal insertion in all patients, and there were no avulsion fracture at the base of the distal phalanx.. the terminal extensor tendon insertion Awere surgical reconstructed with Endobutton CL BTB, via a dorsal S-shaped incision of distal interphalangeal joint. Dorsal base of the distal phalanx was drilled a hole and then the tendon suture line with Endobutton CL BTBwas inserted from the ventral finger to the dorsal base of the phalanx to suture the proximal extensor tendon. The function of the affected finger was evaluated according to the Crawford standard after operation and follow-up: the active flexion and extension range of motion of each joint of the affected finger and the contralateral healthy finger were measured, and the total active ranges of motion of the finger were recorded. Finger function was evaluated according to the total active range of motion (TAM) system of the American Association of hand Surgeons. Results All 21 cases were followed up and the follow-up period was 8 to 24 months, with an average of 18.6±5.1 months. The operation time of the patients was 20-40 min, with an average of 29.6±10.3 min. The intraoperative blood loss was 5-10ml, with an average of 7.5±2.6 ml. Mallet finger deformities were all corrected postoperatively. One case presented with limited dorsal extension with elongation of -20°. According to the Crawford evaluation standard, there were 18 excellent patients and 2 good patients, with the excellent and good rate was 95.2% (20/21). The degrees of active joint activity were: 91°±7° of the metacar-pophalangeal joint, 92°±4° of the proximal interphalangeal joint, 82°±8° of the distal interphalangeal joint, and 259°±15° of total active activity. The TAMs of the healthy side were 259°±15°, and the TAMs of the affected side were 268°±12°, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.147, P=0.038). Accorrding to TAM system assessment criteria: excellent in 18 patients, good in 2 patients, and the excellent and good rate was 95.2% (20/21). One case presented with dorsal extension limitation, one case suffered from discomfort of grip because of scar in ventral side of the finger. The postoperative dorsal extension was limited in 3 cases, and the postoperative dorsal extension function was gradually restored 6 months later. Conclusion The treatment of mallet finger deformity by reconstruction of the terminal extensor tendon insertion with Endobutton CL BTB was effective and easy-operating. Postoperative patients can perform early finger function exercise, satisfactory results, worthy of clinical promotion and application. Key words: Hand deformities, acquired; Tendinopathy; Reconstructive surgical procedures; Treatment outcome

Effect of perforator flap of the proper digital artery of the ulnar or radial side of finger in the treatment of webbed scar contracture of the same finger in child

Objective: To explore the effect of the perforator flap of the proper digital artery on the ulnar or radial side of the finger in the treatment of webbed scar contracture of the same finger in child. Methods: From January 2012 to January 2016, 26 children who were treated with dressing change after burn of finger and then had webbed scar contracture along with growth and development were hospitalized in our unit, involving a total of 50 fingers. There were 14 males and 12 females among the children aged from 2 to 14 years. After the scar was dissected and released, the wound area ranged from 1.6 cm×1.0 cm to 5.0 cm×2.6 cm. The perforator flap of the proper digital artery of the ulnar or radial side of the same finger was used to repair the wound. The flap area ranged from 1.8 cm×1.0 cm to 4.6 cm×1.8 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly. The residual wounds in donor and recipient sites were repaired by full-thickness skin graft collected from inguinal area/adjacent area or adjacent perforator flap. The postoperative development and function of the fingers were followed up and observed. The range of motion of the fingers was evaluated according to the Chinese Medical Association Hand Surgery Society's upper limb functional evaluation trial standard, the Kantor Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating Scale was used to score the scar of finger, and the latest data were recorded. Results: The flaps and skin grafts survived successfully after operation. The patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months. The perforator flaps of the proper digital artery on the ulnar or radial side of the finger survived well at the latest follow-up, with good color and texture and a two-point discrimination distance of 9 to 12 mm. There was no contracture of the fingers, a little pigmentation in the skin graft area, no flexion deformity of the fingers, no lateral bending of the fingers to the flap-harvesting side, and no scar contracture at the webs of the fingers. Compared with that of healthy side, the development of finger was not obviously abnormal. The range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 38 fingers and good in 12 fingers, and the scar score of the fingers was 2-3 points in 31 fingers, 4-7 points in 15 fingers, and 8-10 points in 4 fingers. Conclusions: The efficacy of perforator flap of the proper digital artery of the ulnar or radial side of finger in the treatment of the webbed scar contracture of the same finger in child is reliable, with high postoperative survival rate of the flap, better color and texture, and fewer complications, which can avoid the risk of re-contracture of the finger in a short period after operation, and does not affect the growth and development of the finger.

Physiological Tremor Dynamics on Deception-Related Emotional Responses

This study was performed to evaluate the dynamics of physiological tremor evoked by deception-related emotional reactions. The purpose was to create a method of formal evaluation of emotional reactions based on the evoked tremor dynamics. The Guilty Knowledge test was used as a model of evoked modification of the emotional state. A subject was instructed to select a symbol from a standard character set (0–7) and to keep it concealed until the end of the experiment. During an automated experimental procedure, numbers were randomly displayed to the subject on a computer monitor. The physiological tremor acquisition was implemented with 3-axis digital accelerometers fixed on the external side of either index finger. The data reflect unconscious psychomotor responses to deception-related fluctuations of the emotional status. Significant differences were observed in the short-term (300–750 ms) physiological tremor dynamics on deception-related visual stimuli.

One-stage thumb opponensplasty and polygonal flap in congenital spade hand reconstruction

To explore the effectiveness of one-stage metacarpal osteotomy, thumb opponensplasty and polygonal flap reconstruction in the treatment of congenital spade hand deformity. Eight cases of congenital spade hand were treated between January 2013 and March 2017. There were 5 males and 3 females, with an average age of 17.5 months (range, 13-35 months). The clinical manifestations of all the children were congenital spade hand and the affected hand was shorter than the healthy side. The contralateral hand was normal and there was no chest, skull, or facial deformity. The operation was performed with metacarpal osteotomy and thumb opponensplasty, and through the dorsal metacarpal rectangular flap to reconstruct the first web and through rotation of polygonal skin flap to reconstruct thumb web and lateral fold of thumb index nail. The dorsal ulnar and proximal radial segment of thumb were repaired by skin grafting. A vernier caliper was used to measure the first web space and the thumb function was evaluated by modified Tada score. The reconstruction of palmar function and the formation of first web were completed in one stage in 8 children. Skin grafting on the dorsal ulnar side of thumb and radial side of index finger survived after operation. All the children were followed up 13-29 months, with an average of 16.1 months. There was no infection, skin flap necrosis, lateral deviation of thumb, scar contracture, or other complications. At last follow-up, there was no significant difference in skin color between the healthy side and the first web of the affected hand. The opening distance of first web space was 3.5-5.0 cm, with an average of 4.2 cm. According to the modified Tada scoring system, the results were excellent in 7 cases and good in 1 case, with an excellent and good rate of 100%. The thumb could grasp and pinch actively, and the palm opposition function was good. One-stage thumb opponensplasty combined with polygonal flap for reconstruction of congenital spade hand deformity can improve hand function very well. The reasonable designing of skin flap can effectively cover important areas, and the operation is safe and reliable.

Clinical profile of recurrent vesicular palmoplantar dermatitis in children and adolescents.

BackgroundPreviously known as dyshidrosis, recurrent vesicular palmoplantar dermatitis (RVPD) is presented as severe eruption of nonerythematous, symmetrical vesicles or bullae located along the lateral sides of fingers, on the palmar or plantar areas, and developing into a chronic and recurrent condition. Although very frequently observed on the hands, there are no specific studies about such eczema in children and adolescents.ObjectivesTo report on the RVPD clinical profile in children and adolescents, and monitor the association of RVPD with seasonal variations, hyperhidrosis, atopy and nickel sulfate.Materials and methodsEighteen patients affected by RVPD were submitted to clinical and laboratory assessment through anamnesis, physical exam, mycological exam, patch test, complete blood count and serum IgE levels.ResultsSeven patients (38.9%) reported increased frequency of eruptions during the summer months; 12 patients (66.7%) presented hyperhidrosis; in 14 cases (77.8%), atopic factors were determined; reaction to nickel sulfate was positive in three patients (16.7%).ConclusionRVPD onset may occur at an early age, developing into a chronic and recurrent infection. Hyperhidrosis and atopic status was established in the clinical profile and no connection between nickel sulfate and RVPD was observed.

Mirror finger patterns of apparent monozygotic twins and sib pairs with Schizophrenia.

Background:Although mirror images are noted in some twins, no such reports are available for twins and subjects with schizophrenia.Aim:The study was to assess the occurrence of mirror image finger patterns in apparent monozygotic twins with schizophrenia. Another objective was to elucidate these characteristics among sib pairs with schizophrenia for comparison with those of the twins.Materials and Methods:Eight apparent monozygotic twin pairs and eight sib pairs with schizophrenia were investigated. The frequency of identical patterns in the right side finger of one twin and the corresponding left side finger of the other twin was assessed, and similarly on other sides. Similar assessment was made in sib pairs with schizophrenia and normal sib pairs.Results:The left middle finger pattern of one of the twin pair was found to be the mirror image of the right middle finger of the other twin in all the twin pairs studied and so was in seven of the sib pairs with schizophrenia. These mirror images of sib pairs with schizophrenia was more than those of normal sib pairs. This difference was accentuated with significantly more of these patterns in the twins in comparison to those among normal sib pairs. Notably, no difference emerged between the sib pairs with schizophrenia and the twins in any of their finger pairs.Conclusion:Mirror images that are probably due to factors like abnormal genotypes and L- DNA, appear to be promising tools to study the etiology of schizophrenia.

DP3: A Differential Privacy-Based Privacy-Preserving Indoor Localization Mechanism

Wi-Fi fingerprint-based indoor localization is regarded as one of the most promising techniques for location-based services. However, it faces serious problem of privacy disclosure of both clients’ location data and provider’s fingerprint database. To address this issue, this letter proposes a differential privacy (DP)-based privacy-preserving indoor localization scheme, called DP3, which is composed of four phases: access point (AP) fuzzification and location retrieval in client side and DP-based finger clustering and finger permutation in server side. Specifically, in AP fuzzification , instead of providing the measured full finger (including AP sequence and the corresponding received signal strength), a to-be-localized (TBL) client only uploads the AP sequence to the server. Then, the localization server utilizes the DP-enabled clustering to build the fingerprints related to the AP sequence into $k$ clusters, permutes these reference points in each cluster with exponential mechanism to mask the real positions of these fingerprints, and sends the modified data set to the TBL client. At client side, location retrieval phase estimates the location of the client. Theoretical and experimental results show that DP3 can simultaneously protect the location privacy of the TBL client and the data privacy of the localization server.

Electroencephalographic Characteristic of Automatic Calibration of Finger Movements in Graphic Design

With the development of the graphic design, the computers replace the traditional paper drawing process, which means the high requirement about the finger movement during normal work. In this paper, a experiment has been done to collect the electroencephalography signal of finger automatic correction under the situation of graphic design, which is highly relied on the finger movement to operate the computer. The research outcome presents that the half brain difference on bereits-chaft-spotential (BP) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) are two characteristics of electroencephalography signal when the automatic correction happens in the finger movement, which means that the opposite brain would be more active when the single side finger moved. The characteristic of electroencephalography signal would benefit the exploration and development of graphic design assist system to improve the efficiency of design process.

A solitary osteochondroma of middle phalanx of the hand in an adult: A case report and differential diagnosis

Introduction: Solitary osteochondroma of phalanx of the hand in an adult are extremely rare and have different presentations depending on the site of origin. Most adult solitary tumour arises either from the distal phalanx or in the carpal bones. Importance of the lesion lies in its various differential diagnoses. We present a rare case report of solitary osteochondroma of the middle phalanx left index finger in an adult. Management and differential diagnosis is discussed. Presentation of Case: 32 year old male presented with osteochondroma arising from dorsal ulnar side of middle phalanx left index finger with limitations of movements at PIP and DIP joint. Patient achieved full finger movements after excision and no recurrence at 18 month follow-up. Conclusion: Solitary osteochondroma of the middle phalanx in an adult is a rare osteocartilaginous lesion. In view of a varied differential diagnosis and a high rate of local recurrence, an early identification and a wide excision is essential.

Analysis of a swimmer’s hand and forearm in impulsive start from rest using computational fluid dynamics in unsteady flow conditions

The propulsive forces generated by the hands and arms of swimmers have so far been determined essentially by quasi-steady approaches. This study aims to quantify the temporal dependence of the hydrodynamic forces for a simple translation movement: an impulsive start from rest. The study, carried out in unsteady numerical simulation, couples the calculation of the lift and the drag on an expert swimmer hand-forearm model with visualizations of the flow and flow vortex structure analysis. The results of these simulations show that the hand and forearm hydrodynamic forces should be studied from an unsteady approach because the quasi-steady model is inadequate. It also appears that the delayed stall effect generates higher circulatory forces during a short translation at high angle of attack than forces calculated under steady state conditions. During this phase the hand force coefficients are approximately twice as large as those of the forearm. The total force coefficients are highest for angles of attack between 40° and 60°. For the same angle of attack, the forces produced when the leading edge is the thumb side are slightly greater than those produced when the leading edge is the little finger side.

A DNS study of the physical mechanisms associated with density ratio influence on turbulent burning velocity in premixed flames

Data obtained in 3D direct numerical simulations of statistically planar, 1D weakly turbulent flames characterised by different density ratios σ are analysed to study the influence of thermal expansion on flame surface area and burning rate. Results show that, on the one hand, the pressure gradient induced within a flame brush owing to heat release in flamelets significantly accelerates the unburned gas that deeply intrudes into the combustion products in the form of an unburned mixture finger, thus causing large-scale oscillations of the burning rate and flame brush thickness. Under the conditions of the present simulations, the contribution of this mechanism to the creation of the flame surface area is substantial and is increased by σ, thus implying an increase in the burning rate by σ. On the other hand, the total flame surface areas simulated at σ = 7.53 and 2.5 are approximately equal. The apparent inconsistency between these results implies the existence of another thermal expansion effect that reduces the influence of σ on the flame surface area and burning rate. Investigation of the issue shows that the flow acceleration by the combustion-induced pressure gradient not only creates the flame surface area by pushing the finger tip into the products, but also mitigates wrinkling of the flame surface (the side surface of the finger) by turbulent eddies. The latter effect is attributed to the high-speed (at σ = 7.53) axial flow of the unburned gas, which is induced by the axial pressure gradient within the flame brush (and the finger). This axial flow acceleration reduces the residence time of a turbulent eddy in an unburned zone of the flame brush (e.g. within the finger). Therefore, the capability of the eddy for wrinkling the flamelet surface (e.g. the side finger surface) is weakened owing to a shorter residence time.

Nerve conduction study for diagnosing injury in the superficial radial nerve

Background: The superficial radial nerve (SRN) is vulnerable to accidental or iatrogenic injures. The nerve bifurcates into the medial and lateral branches. The medial branch innervates the sensory skin of the dorsomedial thumb side and radial hand and finger side, while the lateral branch innervates the dorsolateral thumb side.

Wearable finger pad deformation sensor for tactile textures in frequency domain by using accelerometer on finger side

In this study, we set out to develop a method for estimating the fine and fast shear deformation of a finger pad, that is, the palm side of a fingertip, as it scans the surface of a material. Using a miniature accelerometer, we measured the acceleration at the radial skin, the deformation of which is accompanied by the shear deformation of the finger pad. Using a transfer function, as specified in a separate experiment, between the pad and side of a finger, we estimated the shear deformation of the finger pad in the frequency domain. A comparison between an estimate based on the accelerometer and another based on a precise force sensor for the tangential component of the interaction force between the fingertip and material surfaces showed that the estimation accuracy was sufficient for frequencies in excess of approximately 20–50 Hz and for skin deformation above 10^{-6} m. Our technique merely requires that an accelerometer be attached to the side of the fingertip, which allows active texture exploration. These estimates or measurements of the finger skin deformation caused by touching materials will help us to comprehend the relationships between material surfaces and the resulting texture sensations.

Cutaneous Innervation of the Palmar Aspect of the Hand

The median and ulnar nerves carry cutaneous sensory fibers for the skin of the palmar side of the hand. The distribution of cutaneous nerves on the dorsum varies according to authors of anatomy textbooks and atlases. Gray's Anatomy, Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, and Netter's Atlas cite variations of cutaneous nerve distribution on the dorsum of the hand. Description of the cutaneous distribution on the palmar side of the hand does not vary between these different sources. The median nerve supplies the palmar side of fingers 1–3 and the lateral side of finger 4, while the ulnar nerve supplies the palmar side of finger 5 and medial side of finger 4. This project examined the palmar cutaneous distribution of both left and right hands in a group of cadavers and did not discover any variations from the typical description. Future studies will explore cutaneous distribution on the dorsum of the hand.Support or Funding InformationSupported and funded by the Department of Biology and Mathematics of D'Youville College, Buffalo, NY

De-epithelialized dorsal digital turnover flap for coverage of volar digital lesions: a modified technique

Volar digital injuries represent a challenge to hand surgeons. Anatomical studies demonstrate the existence of dorsal digital branches of the ulnar and radial arteries at predictable and regular distances from the PIP joint, bilaterally. Moreover, as there are also small veins that accompany the arterial branches, we designed a novel de-epithelialized dorsal finger turnover flap, which can be performed on the ulnar and radial sides of fingers where it is important to maintain the paratenon to support the dorsal skin flap. A 21-year-old female presented with traumatic injury to the middle phalanx of the third finger associated with loss of substance and damage to the flexor tendons in zone II. The dorsal part of the finger was used to provide coverage for a volar injury. There was no scar retraction or functional limitation of the reconstructed finger. This novel, de-epithelialized dorsal finger turnover flap can be safely used for coverage of volar finger lesions, due to a reliable and well-described arterial supply, with no skin necrosis of the donor site, post-surgical infection, or scarring complications. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.

Presentation of Thermal Sense to Finger Pad through thermal Stimulation on Finger Side

Presentation of Thermal Sense to Finger Pad through thermal Stimulation on Finger Side

Measurement of finger pad forces and friction using finger nail mounted strain gauges

There are currently few techniques for measuring in-vivo the forces exerted by the finger pads when handling objects and friction levels in the interface. Those that exist are intrusive and affect the manner in which an object is gripped or the interface between finger and object. A non-intrusive method would enable data to be gathered on object grip and manipulation that could improve designs to aid usability and inclusivity.The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of determining finger pad forces and friction between a finger pad and a surface using strain gauges mounted to finger nails. The index finger and thumb were assessed as these have been shown to be used most for gripping in everyday tasks. Initially Digital Image Correlation was used to study strain across whole finger nails during a loading event to establish where it would be best to mount the strain gauges. After attachment of the strain gauges, tests were carried out normally loading finger pads against a force plate to determine strain/force relationships and the effects of slight finger side roll. Sliding tests were then also carried out in dry and lubricated conditions to see how strain varied when normal force was kept constant.Clear relationships have been established between strain and force that could be used to calibrate from measurements taken during actual object manipulation. Changing friction has also been shown to affect strain.