Side Of Line Research Articles

“Dirty War: Claudia Jones and Opposition to the Indochina War”

Claudia Jones was an advocate of “positive peace.” Positive peace, as it was explained by Johan Goltung, is “the absence of structural violence” which involves the “egalitarian distribution of power and resources.” Positive peace is not just the absence of war and violence (defined as negative peace), but it also includes justice for all people and “the elimination of the root causes of war, violence, and injustice” and a concerted and unified effort to create and uphold a just society. For Jones, this could only be achieved under socialism. She argued that capitalism fomented war, colonialism, and imperialism and it used state violence to secure control over resources and cheap labor. The advent of the Cold War increased the anxiety of individuals like Jones who feared that it made hot war a likely eventuality. Jones argued that the US commitment to containment meant policing the poor and the “darker side of the color line.” She theorized a notion of peace that proposed the destruction of capitalism and the structures it relied on to maintain power; this included racism, sexism, and the prevention of labor organization. Jones was also an anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist and she recognized that US containment policy was merely a re-branding of both. Though Jones died before the US escalated conflict in Vietnam, she watched events in Indochina with trepidation and she argued that the US was heading toward war there.

Research on the longitudinal protection of a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system based on the empirical wavelet transform

This paper proposes a longitudinal protection scheme utilizing empirical wavelet transform (EWT) for a through- type cophase traction direct power supply system, where both sides of a traction network line exhibit a distinctive boundary structure. This approach capitalizes on the boundary’s capacity to attenuate the high-frequency component of fault signals, resulting in a variation in the high-frequency transient energy ratio when faults occur inside or outside the line. During internal line faults, the high-frequency transient energy at the checkpoints located at both ends surpasses that of its neighboring lines. Conversely, for faults external to the line, the energy is lower compared to adjacent lines. EWT is employed to decompose the collected fault current signals, allowing access to the high-frequency transient energy. The longitudinal protection for the traction network line is established based on disparities between both ends of the traction network line and the high-frequency transient energy on either side of the boundary. Moreover, simulation verification through experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme across various initial fault angles, distances to faults, and fault transition resistances.

Minimizing residual stress and fatigue crack propagation rate of FSW joints of AA2024-T3 by transient thermal tensioning: Effect of heater distance

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process that is suitable for joining hardly weldable metals such as aircraft AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Despite FSW owns many advantages, however, some problems still arise, especially welding residual stress which influences the weld fatigue performance. In the present work, in-process transient thermal tensioning (TTT) treatment was applied to the FSW process of AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy by putting two symmetrical heaters at the sides of the weld line at distances of 25 mm, 40 mm, and 55 mm. The FSW was conducted at the tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm and tool traveling speed of 30 mm/min whereas the heating temperature was set at 200 °C. Subsequently, changes in microstructure, strength, hardness, residual stress, and fatigue crack propagation rate under TTT treatment were evaluated. The results showed that the use of TTT generated peaks of tensile residual stress along the heater passage which changed the residual stress distributions. It was found that the best fatigue crack propagation resistance of the weld occurred at the heater distance of 25 mm which was attributable to the compressive residual stresses present in the weld region induced by thermal tensioning combined with re-precipitation during welding.

Derivative Spectroscopy and its Application at Detecting the Weak Emission/Absorption Lines

The development of spectroscopic survey telescopes like Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and Sloan Digital Sky Survey has opened up unprecedented opportunities for stellar classification. Specific types of stars, such as early-type emission-line stars and those with stellar winds, can be distinguished by the profiles of their spectral lines. In this paper, we introduce a method based on derivative spectroscopy (DS) designed to detect signals within complex backgrounds and provide a preliminary estimation of curve profiles. This method exhibits a unique advantage in identifying weak signals and unusual spectral line profiles when compared to other popular line detection methods. We validated our approach using synthesis spectra, demonstrating that DS can detect emission signals three times fainter than Gaussian fitting. Furthermore, we applied our method to 579,680 co-added spectra from LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey, identifying 16,629 spectra with emission peaks around the Hα line from 10,963 stars. These spectra were classified into three distinct morphological groups, resulting in nine subclasses as follows. (1) Emission peak above the pseudo-continuum line (single peak, double peaks, emission peak situated within an absorption line, P Cygni profile, Inverse P Cygni profile); (2) Emission peak below the pseudo-continuum line (sharp emission peak, double absorption peaks, emission peak shifted to one side of the absorption line); (3) Emission peak between the pseudo-continuum line.

Limit Cycles of Discontinuous Piecewise Differential Hamiltonian Systems Separated by a Straight Line

In this article, we study the maximum number of limit cycles of discontinuous piecewise differential systems, formed by two Hamiltonians systems separated by a straight line. We consider three cases, when both Hamiltonians systems in each side of the discontinuity line have simultaneously degree one, two or three. We obtain that in these three cases, this maximum number is zero, one and three, respectively. Moreover, we prove that there are discontinuous piecewise differential systems realizing these maximum number of limit cycles. Note that we have solved the extension of the 16th Hilbert problem about the maximum number of limit cycles that these three classes of discontinuous piecewise differential systems separated by one straight line and formed by two Hamiltonian systems with a degree either one, two, or three, which such systems can exhibit.

Differential Pacing Maneuver From the Vein of Marshall.

Bidirectional mitral isthmus (MI) block is conventionally verified by differential pacing from the coronary sinus (CS) and its sequence change. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of differential pacing from the vein of Marshall (VOM) to detect epicardial MI connections. Radiofrequency and VOM ethanol MI ablation were performed with a VOM electrode catheter inserted to the septal side of the ablation line. MI block was verified using conventional CS pacing. To perform differential VOM pacing analysis, initial pacing was delivered from a distal VOM bipole closer to the block line, and then from a proximal VOM bipole. The intervals from pacing stimulus during different VOM pacing sites to the electrogram recorded through the CS catheter on the opposite side of the line were compared. When the interval during distal VOM pacing was longer than that during proximal VOM pacing, it indicated a VOM connection block; however, if the former interval was shorter, the connection through the VOM was considered persistent. Overall, 50 patients were evaluated. According to CS pacing, MI ablation was incomplete in 9 patients, in whom the analysis indicated persistent VOM connection. Among 41 patients with complete MI block, confirmed by CS finding, in 30 (73%) patients, the interval during distal VOM pacing was longer than that during proximal VOM pacing by 11±5 ms. However, in 11 patients (27%) the former interval was revealed to be shorter than the latter by 16±8 ms, indicating residual VOM connection. Conduction time across the line was significantly shorter in 11 patients than in the other 30 (166±21 versus 197±36 ms; P<0.01). Ten successful reevaluated analyses after VOM ethanol and further radiofrequency ablation of the connection indicated VOM block achievement. Differential VOM pacing maneuver reflects the VOM conduction status. This maneuver can uncover residual epicardial connections that are missing with CS pacing.

Stability Analysis of a Rocky Slope with a Weak Interbedded Layer under Rainfall Infiltration Conditions

Landslides not only cause great economic and human life losses but also seriously affect the safe operation of infrastructure such as highways. Rainfall is an important condition for inducing landslides, especially when a fault and weak interlayer exist on the slope, which can easily transform into a landslide and cause instability under the action of rainfall. To explore the effects of a soft interlayer, a fault, and extreme rainfall on slope stability, this paper takes the landslide on the right side of the G104 Jinglan Line in Shengzhou City, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China, as an example. The cause, failure mechanism, and characteristics of the landslide are analyzed through field investigation and borehole exploration in the landslide area. The slope is simulated by numerical analysis, and the stability of the landslide under natural conditions and extreme rainstorm conditions is calculated using the strength reduction method. The stability of the slope before and after treatment is compared, and the effectiveness of the treatment measures is verified by combining the field monitoring data. At the same time, the complex geological structure and rainfall are considered to have been the main factors leading to the G104 landslide. Near the fault, the weak interlayer of the landslide was easily disturbed, the deformation trend of the deep displacement was consistent with rainfall, and the axial force of the anti-slide piles at the weak interlayer was correspondingly large. For a wedge rock slope, “excavation unloading” and “prestressed anchor + prestressed anchor cable + anti-slide pile” are effective treatments. This paper reveals the effects of a weak interlayer, a fault, and strong rainfall on a rocky high slope, providing predictions of instability modes and time evolution patterns for similar complex geological slopes under rainfall infiltration conditions and providing references for their treatment measures.

Controlled single-phase auto-reclosing technique for shunt reactor compensated lines in electrical energy systems transmission lines

A new controlled Single-Phase Auto Reclosing (SPAR) technique for Shunt Reactor Compensated Transmission Line (SRCTL) in electrical energy systems is presented in this paper. The suggested technique uses a Circuit Breaker (CB) with a Controlled Switching Device (CSD) and a Pre-Insertion Resistor (PIR). This said type of combination is available without any additional investment in the substation designed at 220 kV and above. The proposed technique performs Fourier Transform (FT) analysis of the acquired discrete samples of line side voltage of faulty phase during the Dead/Deionised Time of CB (DTCB). Furthermore, an assessment of the suggested scheme is done by generating a model similar to the present 400 kV, SRCTL in the PSCAD software environment. Moreover, the suggested scheme has been evaluated considering wide variation in parameters such as line length, compensation level, period of fault, fault inception angle, position of fault, effect of Switching Arrestor (SA) and the effect of different grid sources. At last, a comparison between the suggested scheme and the reported technique indicates the effectiveness of the suggested scheme when the Operating Time Scatter (OTS) (± 1 ms) of CB is taken into account.

Optimal 1D Ly α forest power spectrum estimation – III. DESI early data

ABSTRACT The 1D power spectrum P1D of the Ly α forest provides important information about cosmological and astrophysical parameters, including constraints on warm dark matter models, the sum of the masses of the three neutrino species, and the thermal state of the intergalactic medium. We present the first measurement of P1D with the quadratic maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey early data sample. This early sample of 54 600 quasars is already comparable in size to the largest previous studies, and we conduct a thorough investigation of numerous instrumental and analysis systematic errors to evaluate their impact on DESI data with QMLE. We demonstrate the excellent performance of the spectroscopic pipeline noise estimation and the impressive accuracy of the spectrograph resolution matrix with 2D image simulations of raw DESI images that we processed with the DESI spectroscopic pipeline. We also study metal line contamination and noise calibration systematics with quasar spectra on the red side of the Ly α emission line. In a companion paper, we present a similar analysis based on the Fast Fourier Transform estimate of the power spectrum. We conclude with a comparison of these two approaches and discuss the key sources of systematic error that we need to address with the upcoming DESI Year 1 analysis.

The spatial and source heterogeneity of agricultural emissions highlight necessity of tailored regional mitigation strategies

Agriculture contributes considerable greenhouse gas emissions while feed the constantly expanding world population. The challenge of balancing food security with emissions reduction to create a mutually beneficial situation is paramount. However, assessing targeted mitigation potential for agricultural emissions remains challenging, lacking comprehensive sub-national evaluations. Here, we have meticulously compiled the agricultural greenhouse gas emission inventories of China spanning the years 2000 to 2019, employing spatial analysis techniques to identify regional characteristics. We find that the peak of China's agricultural production emissions occurred in 2015 (1.03 × 109 tCO2 equivalent), followed by a valley in 2019 (0.94 tCO2 equivalent), largely attributed to shifts in livestock-related activities. Notably, methane emissions were the most dominant greenhouse gas, the Hunan province emerged as a prominent contributor, livestock raising stood out as a major activity, and enteric fermentation ranked as the primary emission source. There were substantial differences in the emission structure and sources among the provinces. Further spatial analysis showed geographical disparities in both total emissions and per capita emissions. The west-east blocked spatial characteristics of per capita emissions at the Hu Line sides emerged. We advocate that tailored mitigation strategy focusing on specific emission sources and regions can achieve substantial progress with minimal effort.

Research of geometric parameters of symmetric railroad switches

Turnouts are a barrier in the track for setting the permissible speeds of trains movements on the main tracks, as they have special structural devices for branching traffic from the main track to the side one. Symmetrical switches have a number of advantages over conventional ones: with the same grade as conventional switches, symmetrical switches can provide significantly higher train speeds on the side tracks; with the same radii of transfer curves, symmetrical switches have a shorter length; while maintaining the length of the curve and radius, crosses with a larger angle than in conventional switches can be used. These qualities of single, multilateral symmetrical switches have determined their field of application. On the mainline tracks, symmetrical switches are used in marshalling yards of stations, as well as in main lines when it is necessary to achieve higher speeds on both side lines. Symmetrical switches by their purpose and design have significant differences from the most common conventional switches, and therefore research on these structures is important and relevant. Moreover, very few scientific papers have been devoted to such research, both in our country and abroad. This study reveals the problems of designing the frame rail junction - point, which is the most critical in the operation of a switch and ensuring the safety of trains passing through it.

Additional effect on the deformation zone during plastic metal flow

In the article, on the basis of previously conducted theoretical and experimental studies, a phys-ical model of the process of additional impact on the basis of non-uniform plastic deformation is developed and investigated. On the basis of the physical model, a mathematical model of the additional impact is developed, the generalizing factor of which in the case of asymmetric de-formation is the external moment from the side lines.

Identification and analysis of conservation gap of national nature reserves in China

The global system of nature reserves is facing adjustment and restructuring towards the goal of harmonizing ecological conservation with regional development. We use multiple ecoregion data at both global and national scales as ecological indicators to explore the gap areas of China's nature reserves, which can help to build a global network of nature reserve systems and lay a spatial foundation for global biodiversity conservation. This paper comprehensively resorts to the ideas and modeling approaches involved in gap analysis, conservation prioritization analysis and eco-region planning. After identifying in both global and national scales the potential areas with gaps in national nature reserves in China, it proposes conservation priority areas and optimization strategies. The study finds that in a global extent, the areas with the gaps in China cover a large area and are distributed widely, mostly on the both sides of the Tengchong-Heihe Line. The conservation priority areas are concentrated in mid-subtropical humid areas, plateau subtropical sub-humid areas and semi-arid areas, and plateau temperate humid/sub-humid areas. These areas are usually not sufficiently protected due to their diversified landforms, complex ecosystems and lack of protection measures. The results have verified and identified the areas with gaps in the building of Chinese national nature reserve system. They may make a unique and important contribution to global ecological conservation efforts in terms of protected area system optimization and conservation network building. SynopsisThis paper analyses the conservation gaps in China's national nature reserves and proposes conservation priority areas for optimising the layout of the nature reserve network.

A brief overview of the 2030 Agenda, noncommunicable diseases and the challenges of leaving no one behind

This essay provides a theoretical reflection on the challenges of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, considering its motto of "leave no one behind". To exemplify these challenges, we discuss noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), one of the main issues on the global health agenda before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the political and economic dimensions that determine their presence and global spread. After a brief overview of NCDs, the text seeks to answer three questions: In "Leaving no one behind?" we list some themes to reflect on how and who has historically been left behind, delving a little deeper into the examples in "Who has been left behind in the world?" and "Who has been left behind in Brazil?". Using data from the most relevant and recent literature on the subject, we discuss the challenges and some ways to leave no one behind in a world where the mean of production has historically made some social groups vulnerable, especially black and Indigenous populations. In our final remarks, we draw inspiration from the Sankofa ideogram to remember that the answers to the sustainable development we seek may lie somewhere in our most primordial and traditional past. And that it is necessary to invest on building new paths from different worldviews and approaches to epistemology on the other side of the abyssal line.

Curvature interference characteristic analysis of offset involute cylindrical worm drive

The theory of calculating the curvature interference limit line of the offset involute cylindrical worm drive based on the singular point condition on the enveloping surface is established. The tooth surface equations and the meshing function of the worm drive are derived. Based on the singular point condition that the normal vector of the enveloping surface is zero, the equation of the curvature interference limit line is obtained. By employing the resultant elimination method and the geometric construction, the existence of the solutions of the curvature interference limit line is determined, and the reasonable initial values for the iteration program are afforded. The numerical outcomes show that there is one meaningful curvature interference limit line on each flank of single tooth of the worm gear, which usually does not enter the worm gear tooth surface. Both flanks of the worm gear are all settled in the side of the limit line, the curvature interference does not happen on the worm gear tooth surface. The undercutting of the cutting engagement process generally does not happen. The results also reveal that the curvature interference limit line is closer to the addendum and heel of the face worm gear on the i flank, which has the greatest potential venture inflict the undercutting.

Effect of the absorption rate of suture material on oral mucosal scar formation: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial

IntroductionExtensive oral mucosal scar formation following LeFort-I osteotomy can pose patients with several scar-related complications in case of function as well as cosmesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the absorption rate of Vicryl Rapide and Vicryl on oral mucosal scar formation. Material and methodsIn a triple-blind randomized controlled trial study, Vicryl and Vicryl Rapide were used randomly for wound closure on the left and right sides of the LeFort-I incision line. Three maxillofacial surgeons evaluated mucosal scars on each side two and four months post-surgically using Mucosal Scarring Index (MSI). ResultsThe differences in the total scores of MSI between the Vicryl and Vicryl Rapide groups were not significant, neither in the anterior nor in the posterior areas (Paired t-test, df = 25, CI = 95 %, P-value >0.05). ConclusionThe results of the present study demonstrated that Vicryl Rapide is comparable to Vicryl suture material regarding the mucosal scar formation following LeFort-I osteotomy surgery; therefore, it could be considered for such oral surgical procedures.

Pilot protection scheme for transmission line of wind-storage combined system based on one-mode current similarity

With the gradual growth of the scale of energy storage devices for wind power generation, a large-scale grid-connected wind-storage combined system (WSCS) has been formed. When the external transmission line fails, its control strategy will lead to problems such as limited output short-circuit current amplitude, frequency deviation from power frequency, and uncertain phase angle, which makes the traditional pilot protection possible to malfunction and refuse to operate. In order to solve this problem, this paper first analyzes the fault current output characteristics of the WSCS during low voltage ride through (LVRT), and its impact on the traditional pilot protection scheme. Secondly, considering the difference of fault current amplitude and phase change at both sides of the transmission line, the similarity relationship of one-mode current is verified. Finally, a pilot protection scheme based on one-mode current similarity is proposed in this paper. The simulation results conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrate that the proposed scheme exhibits robust anti-interference capability, capable of withstanding significant transitional resistance and noise, while maintaining good selectivity and reliability.

Numerical Simulation and Mechanical Properties of 6063/6082 Dissimilar Joints by Laser Welding

In this paper, the laser welding process of 6082-T6 and 6063-T6 dissimilar aluminum alloys with a thickness of 2.5 mm was numerically simulated by using a rotary surface Gauss heat source and the flow state of the weld pool was analyzed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint (WJ) with a laser power of 1.75 kW were also studied. The results show that the recoil pressure in the molten pool tends to be stable with the increase in welding power, and the surface tension was the main driving force affecting the liquid metal flow in the molten pool. Under the action of 1.75 kW of laser power, the macromorphology of the weld was complete, continuous, and clear. The weld metal zone (WMZ) near both sides of the fusion line (FL) was columnar in microstructure, and the center of the WMZ was dominated by equiaxed crystals. The average microhardness of WMZ was 73.46 HV, which was lower than the base material zone (BM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The fracture region of the tensile specimen was located in HAZ on the 6063-T6 side of WJ, showing ductile fracture characteristics with a tensile strength of 180.8 MPa and elongation of 4.04%.

An entropy-based scheme for protection of DC microgrids

The design of an appropriate scheme for protection of DC microgrids is still a significant challenge. This paper proposes a new method for protection of DC microgrids when subjected to various types of faults and modes of operation. The proposed method shares some features of the differential protection scheme and adopts the Shannon entropy to evaluate the "informational value" of current waveforms in the presence and absence of a fault. It uses the relative entropy of the current waveforms at the two sides of the faulty line to detect and characterize a fault. In the case of failure in the primary protection system, the entropy variations of the current waveforms are used to detect the faulty line. The main features of the proposed method include a) accuracy in a noisy environment with poor data synchronization (due to the delay in communication links) and varying network topology, b) fast operation regardless of the fault type and location, c) ability to detect high-impedance faults, and d) provision of backup protection. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results of several case studies in a typical ring DC network with those obtained using an advanced differential protection scheme.

Borders, cross-border cooperation and depopulation: the case of the Spanish-Portuguese North-Central Border.

Cross-border cooperation has been (and still is) one of the main assets of the acquis communitiare in everything that refers to cross-border development. In fact, development initiatives aimed at addressing the problems of intra-European border areas could have better results if they were concerted (horizontally coordinated) and executed jointly by the governments, national, and local actors from both border sides, to improve their populations' quality of life. The study goal is to provide new contributions that enrich critical reflection and debate on the issue of depopulation, in order to propose economic policy recommendations within a framework of cross-border institutional cooperation and inter- and intra-governmental coordination of political actors involved. We prepared a descriptive analysis of its evolution during the period 1960-2020, with three essential variables: a) population evolution border based on the losses or gains verified with respect to 1960; b) critical population mass existing in 2020 based on the indicator of population density (inhabitants per square kilometer), and c) level of population aging based on the indicator percentage of population over 65 years of age over total population. Our descriptive analysis exclusively covers the border municipalities located along the both sides of the Spanish-Portuguese north-central border line, a total of 49 border municipalities (nine Portuguese and 40 spanish). The results show the existence of this recessive demographic continuum, which extends to both sides of the border, causes the need to face the depopulating phenomenon from a transnational and European perspective, in the sense that 'national' solutions to the phenomenon will not be able to offer answers common and consistent to a phenomenon as complex as depopulation. It is necessary to reinforce the existing cross-border cooperation, providing it with greater operability at the level of institutional and administrative coordination, deepening the multilevel governance of the territory.