Side Job Research Articles

Home is where the money is? A constituency characteristics approach for analysing the determinants of MPs' moonlighting

ABSTRACT This study examines if socioeconomic constituency characteristics are suitable predictors of the remunerated side jobs held by members of parliament (MPs). Utilising a self-compiled and novel dataset on the moonlighting behaviour of 1,408 members of the German Bundestag from 2013 to 2021, I demonstrate that MPs from economically competitive constituencies generate higher private sector side incomes, particularly if they were born in that constituency. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis shows that MPs from highly educated constituencies tend to have lower side incomes. This finding is explained by suggesting that highly educated constituencies pose a credible threat of electoral punishment for bad behaviour, leading MPs to anticipate voter control and thus reducing incentives to engage in moonlighting activities. However, an MP's mandate type moderates this effect, and the results vary significantly depending on the types of side jobs analysed.

Performance of tuna fisheries in the sea of Sikka Regency

Abstract The high potential tuna fisheries in Sikka Seas produce high pressure as well. The research objective was to determine the performance of tuna fisheries in managing and utilizing sustainable tuna. The research was conducted for 3 months from December to March 2023 with research locations in Alok, West Alok, East Alok and Talibura Sub-district of Sikka Regency. The choice of research location decided by concentrated area for tuna fisheries. This research used primary and secondary data. Interviewed with 131 tuna fishermen showed the diversity of tuna fisheries in Sikka Regency including the characteristics of fishermen (age, education, number of family, marital status, side job, fishing business experience); targeted catch; vessel; fishing gear and fishing aids device; hauling time; fishing season; fishing grounds; fishing techniques; handling fish on board; and tuna processing company description.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Masyarakat Desa Kerik Melalui Pembuatan Tas Batik Shibori

Kerik Village has one of the leading products, namely bags. The results of observations show that many people in Kerik Village still need side jobs to improve family welfare. So far, the making of bag products is still constrained by several factors, especially related to product design, production, and marketing. The purpose of this community service program training is to improve the skills of the Kerik Village community in making Shibori batik bags. This training was conducted from April to May 2024. The targets of this program were 20 PKK women of Kerik Village. The approach taken from this program is the method of discussion, hands-on practice and evaluation. The community service program in Kerik Village ran conducively and smoothly and produced products in the form of Shibori batik bags. The training participants were able to make Shibori batik bags well. The level of understanding was very good at 15%, good at 75%, quite good at 0% and less good at 0%. In general, the training results showed that the participants understood how to make Shibori batik bags. This training on making Shibori batik bags can support PKK in adding insight, skills, creativity and income in the development of creative industries.

Customer Appreciation in Side Jobs and Gig Workers’ Customer Behaviors in Full-Time Jobs

Customer Appreciation in Side Jobs and Gig Workers’ Customer Behaviors in Full-Time Jobs

Strategi Bertahan Hidup Keluarga Buruh Nelayan di Desa Sondana Kecamatan Bolaang Uki, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan

This study aims to identify the factors, influences, and strategies employed by fishing laborer families in Sondana Village, Bolaang Uki District, South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, to sustain their daily lives. Sondana Village is a coastal area where 15% of the population works as fishermen and heavily depends on marine resources. However, the decline in fish catches and low selling prices have weakened the economic condition of these fishing families. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results reveal that fishing laborer families employ various survival strategies: 1) active strategies, including seeking side jobs and involving family members to earn additional income; 2) passive strategies, such as saving or setting aside part of their income for urgent needs; and 3) network strategies, utilizing relationships with boat owners, the government, relatives, or neighbors to borrow money or receive assistance. This study provides new insights into how fishing laborer families adapt to economic challenges and highlights the importance of social support in their survival strategies.

Dampak Relokasi pada Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Resort dan Lapangan Golf bagi Komunitas Nelayan di Pulau Dompak, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

The government's plan to transform the Tanjung Siambang area into a tourist destination necessitates the relocation of fishermen's homes. Job diversification becomes a solution for fishermen in Tanjung Siambang to survive. Job diversification is a strategy that must be implemented by fishermen because, without it, they will face difficulties in meeting their household economic needs. Economic needs must be continually met to ensure daily life runs smoothly. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of relocation due to the construction of resorts and golf courses on the fishing community in Dompak Island. This study uses a qualitative approach. This approach is used to describe the context of fishermen's lives in job diversification for survival. The data sources in this study are primary and secondary data obtained through observation and in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that many fishermen in Tanjung Siambang Village have diversified their jobs by working as laborers, members of the municipal police (Satpol PP), and gardening. Moreover, the roles of fishermen's wives also contribute to the economy to meet daily needs. The impact of the relocation due to development has led the community to choose side jobs to meet daily needs and create independence by starting home industries. The development of the golf course has caused the local community to lose their homes and made access to boats for fishermen more difficult. This has fostered the creativity of the local community, which is a novelty in this study.

Contribution of Rice Farming on The Farmers’ Income: a Study Case in Klambir V Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency

Two objectives of agricultural expansion are food security and farmers’ welfare, thus the government must always endeavor to guarantee its availability through a range of policy initiatives. To improve farmers' income, it is also intended that the rice farming should be set at a level that generates a profit for farmers. The study was carried out in the Hamparan Perak District of the Deli Serdang Regency, specifically in Klambir V Kebun Village. This study's objective was to provide detailed information regarding the impact of rice farming on farmers' income. This study evaluated the literature using library research using a descriptive qualitative methodology. Information sources included field data pertinent to the topic as well as data from websites used as publication sources. The findings showed that 78.18% of farmers' household income came from rice cultivation, with side jobs outside of agriculture making up the remaining 21.82%. The rice growing method used in the current study is workable and can provide enough income to support a family. Rice farming has a significant impact on the welfare of the farmers.

Effect of Side Jobs and Psychological Distress on Employee Turnover in Japanese Employees: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study.

We investigated the impact of engaging in side jobs on turnover and its interaction with psychological distress among Japanese employees. A prospective cohort study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey. We investigated 2783 full-time employees in companies permitting side jobs. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between side jobs and turnover, and its relationship stratified by psychological distress. Employees engaging in side jobs had higher odds ratios (ORs) for turnover after adjusting for covariates, including psychological distress (OR, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.93). Among those under psychological distress, ORs for turnover were significantly higher (OR, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.76). Conversely, in employees without distress, no significant difference was observed. Side job engagement correlates with higher turnover, particularly among employees under psychological distress.

Dari Petani Subsisten Ke Ekonomi Pasar

Independent oil palm plantations in the region are extensive compared to other local crop production. Oil palm has become an important plantation product for local communities. Oil palm plantations significantly change the socio-economic and environmental conditions of local communities. Oil palm plantations in the sub-district contribute significantly more to plantation production than other small-scale crops. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the transition of small-scale agriculture to a market economy and to determine the factors driving this change. This research was conducted in Parindu sub-district, considering that oil palm plantations account for 61.33% of the area. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. Sampling was done using target sampling. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The triangulation technique was used to check the validity of the data. The data analysis method used the Miles and Hubermen analysis model (data reduction, presentation, and review). The informants in this study were independent oil palm farmers. The research found that before the introduction of market-oriented commercial farming systems, the Parindu community practiced subsistence farming, shifting cultivation and rubber plantations, and the results were sufficient to meet the needs of their families. They did not cultivate rubber as their main job, but as a side job in between their work as farmers. The desire to fulfill family needs became a strong foundation for the transformation of the agricultural economy from subsistence farming to the field of product marketing through the market economy. This change affected farmers' lifestyles, which were reflected in their possessions and assets. Property and wealth clearly increase honor and dignity as well as social status.

Motivation toward Rice Farming in Margokaton Village, Sleman District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

Lately, younger people have not involved themselves in farming activities, nor have they continued their parents’ jobs as farmers. Nevertheless, agriculture continues to play a pivotal role in Indonesian food production. Some studies reveal that fewer young people have been engaging in farming because aging farmers are unwilling to bequeath farms to younger farmers for educational, financial, and motivational reasons. Thus, this study sought to describe and analyze the motivating factors why farmers continue farming in Margokaton village, Sleman district, Yogyakarta province. The study gathered primary information from 82 farmers using a structured questionnaire. It used Alderfer’s existence-relatedness-growth (ERG) theory to assess farmer motivations. It found that, overall, rice farmers’ motivation, as seen from the motivation of ERG needs, was “moderate.” Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis shows farmers’ motivation correlating with their education, side jobs, perception of farming as an occupation, farmland areas, productivity of paddy fields, household income from crops farming, farming experience, maintenance of the farmland, having daughters only, and parental encouragement toward farming. Understanding the factors that correlate with farmers’ motivation to continue farming can help assess the future of rice farming.

Fisherman Resilience during The Covd-19 Pandemic Ujung District Parepare Town

This study aims to determine the economic condition of fishermen's households, Ujung Kota Parepare District during the Covid-19 pandemic and to determine the resilience of fishermen in meeting their needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted from July 2021 to August 2021. The sampling method is purposive sampling with a total sample of 29 people. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data is analyzed using revenue analysis, and qualitative data analysis. The economic condition of fishing households in Ujung Kota Parepare District during the Covid-19 pandemic has decreased income and seeks additional income by doing side jobs. The resilience of fishermen in Ujung Kota Parepare District in fulfilling the needs of life is to utilize livelihood assets (natural, human, physical, financial and social), which they have in the fishermen households of Ujung District. This capital is used so that fishermen in Ujung District can be resilient during the Covid-19 pandemic without having to increase their burden and vulnerability.

Sustainability Strategies of Traditional Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation in East Java: A Case Study in Kudu Hamlet, Lamongan District

The research investigates small-scale farming practices, particularly vannamei shrimp cultivation, in Kudu Hamlet, focusing on how traditional farmers have adopted technology over two decades. Conducted over two years, the study sampled 17 farmers out of 38, analyzing various variables such as age, education, and economic factors. Farmers, predominantly older, have engaged in shrimp farming for nearly two decades, despite fluctuating incomes. Education levels vary, impacting farmers' understanding of new technologies and market trends. Most farmers own their pond land, managing it carefully for shrimp cultivation. Polyculture systems, combining vannamei shrimp with other species, enhance productivity but face challenges like disease outbreaks and market price fluctuations. The choice of feed, predominantly artificial, significantly affects shrimp yields. Farmers also engage in side jobs to supplement income. Overall, enhancing farmers' capacity through education and sustainable practices is crucial for the long-term viability of shrimp farming.

Implementation of Discipline Development for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as an Effort to Prevent Corruption

Article 12 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 concerning the State Civil Apparatus stipulates that employees in their duties must be clean from corruption, collusion, and nepotism. The implementation of discipline development for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as an effort to prevent corruption crimes in the Agam Regency Regional Government is by disseminating to CPNS and ASN regarding anti-corruption behavior. Obligation to submit asset reports reported annually. Strengthening the internal integrity system of government agencies through various regional policies. The policy includes gratification control, conflict of interest handling, community complaint management through the Public Service Complaint Management System-People's Aspiration and Complaint Service (SP4N-LAPOR) channel which has been integrated with central and local government agencies. Control of corruption at the service unit level through the construction of Integrity Zones (ZI). Cooperation with the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Sumatra Province conducts surveys regularly. The routine survey is aimed at determining public perceptions as service recipients regarding service quality and anti-corruption perceptions. Obstacles in the implementation of discipline development for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as an effort to prevent corruption crimes in the Agam Regency Regional Government include weak supervision and lack of guidance caused by the high volume of work and activities. The attitude of superiors who are too protective of their subordinates even though their subordinates commit deviations. Inadequate employee welfare factors. ASN is one of the things that must be considered by the Government. It is undeniable that they work to provide for the family. If they feel that their needs cannot be met optimally then they will try to get other jobs (side jobs) to meet their needs.

The Relationship between International Migration, Agricultural Employment, and Household Labor Force in Türkiye

There isn't much academic research on the impacts of immigration on the labor market and job structure at the national level, although Türkiye is one of the nation’s hosting the greatest populations of refugees. Because of the scarcity of information, a research gap exists. As a result, the study was carried out to determine the impact of international migration on agricultural employment and the changes in agricultural employment in Türkiye. Johansen Co-integration and Granger Causality analyses were performed on data from 1988 to 2018 to evaluate the change in the agricultural workforce in Türkiye and to demonstrate the temporal influence of immigration. According to the findings of the cointegration study, a rise in emigration has a negative impact on the agricultural areas and agricultural employment while having a good impact on agricultural GDP. Migration has long-term detrimental consequences. According to the causality study, there is a one-way link between migration and agricultural GDP. A panel data analysis was performed to establish the short-term detrimental impact of migration on agricultural employment, as well as how the structure of employment altered and developed during this process. The statistics provide temporal data from 2004 to 2020, and the individual's agricultural employment status, education, income, continuous employment, and extra work status are cross-sectional data. According to the Panel Logistic Regression Analysis results, while more educated and higher income individuals leave away from the agricultural sector, the desire to have a side job leads the individual to the agricultural sector. International migration has a detrimental impact on agricultural employment and its structure in this scenario. As a result, the sustainability of the working arrangements established by immigration regulations should be assured, and limits and constraints should be implemented, particularly in the agricultural sector. When agricultural employees transition to other industries, agricultural areas are being used in ways that were not planned. As a result, in the long run, the decline in output may have a negative impact on agricultural GDP. This condition has been the topic of several research and may serve as the foundation for new ones.

Substance use and its association with mental health among Swiss medical students: A cross-sectional study.

Studies on mental health and substance use among medical students indicated worrying prevalence but have been mainly descriptive. To evaluate the prevalence of substance use in a sample of medical students and investigate whether mental health variables have an influence on substance use. The data were collected as part of the first wave of the ETMED-L, an ongoing longitudinal open cohort study surveying medical students at the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). N = 886 students were included and completed an online survey including measures of mental health (depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, stress, and burnout) and use of and risk related with several substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, opioids, nonmedical prescription drugs, and neuroenhancement drugs). We evaluated the prevalence of use of each substance and then tested the association between mental health and substance use in an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling framework. Statistical indices indicated a four-factor solution for mental health and a three-factor solution for substance use. A factor comprising risk level for alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use - which were the most prevalent substances - was significantly associated with a burnout factor and a factor related to financial situation and side job stress. There was a significant association between a factor comprising depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and a factor related to the use of sedatives, nonmedical prescription drugs and neuroenhancement drugs. Although their use was less prevalent, a factor comprising the risk level of stimulants and cocaine use was significantly but more mildly related to the burnout factor. A factor comprising stress related to studies and work/life balance as well as emotional exhaustion was not related to substance use factors. In this sample of medical students, the prevalence of substance use was substantial and poorer mental health status was related with higher substance use risk levels.

Aktivitas Ekonomi Masyarakat Nelayan di Desa Lamuru, Kecamatan Tellu Siattinge, Kabupaten Bone

Economic activities carried out by fishing communities give color to the typical economic activities of coastal communities. These conditions arise from the interactions carried out by the community with their environment, thus forming daily economic activities. The method in this research uses qualitative descriptive analysis which aims to describe problems related to the focus of the research scope. The data obtained will be analyzed using the triangulation method by obtaining information through observation, surveys and structured interviews with several respondents. Lamuru Village is one of the villages located in the coastal area and directly borders Bone Bay. The location of the village in a coastal area means that the people in this area generally work as fishermen and some of the residents work as cultivators and other professions. The fishing work carried out by the community uses traditional, semi-modern and modern tools. Some of the people carry out fish farming, trade and some also have side jobs as farmers. From the activities they carry out, they get enough results to fulfill their family life.

Kesiapan Petani Menghadapi Peremajaan (Replanting) Kelapa Sawit Di Desa Rimba Jaya, Kabupaten Kampar

<em>This study aims to determine the replanting model carried out by oil palm farmers and to determine the readiness of farmers in facing repalnting in Rimba Jaya Village, Tapung Hulu District, Kampar Regency. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. The sample was determined by purposive sampling with a total sample of 30 farmers with the consideration that the farmers selected were currently reppanting oil palm. The results showed that the replanting model used by oil palm farmers was total replanting (TUT) of 70% and interplanting of 30%. Readiness of farmers in facing repalnting because they receive assistance from the government, have savings, have side jobs and own land other than what is replanting</em>

Single Mom: Pemenuhan Fungsi Afeksi dan Ekonomi pada Anak

This research aims to analyze the fulfillment of economic and affectional functions for children carried out by single mothers who work as small traders in the Tamin market, Bandar Lampung city. This research is important to carry out so that single mothers continue to provide affection and economic functions even though they come from incomplete families. This research was carried out using a qualitative approach to analyze in depth the phenomena related to single mothers as well as the fulfillment of the affection and economic functions carried out by single mothers for his children. The research informants were 5 people who were single mothers who worked as small traders. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out in stages of reduction, data presentation and data verification. The research results show that the economic function carried out by single mothers who work as small traders is by doing side jobs, extending working hours, asking family members for help, borrowing, saving money and taking advantage of assistance from the government. Meanwhile, the affection function is carried out by spending time, controlling relationships, providing religious knowledge, giving advice

Analisis pendapatan usaha gula aren di Desa Cawang Lama Kabupaten Rejang Lebong

The aim of this research was to analyze palm sugar business income in Cawang Lama Vilage, Rejang Lebong Regency. The location was chosen purposively because this area is a large producer of palm sugar and runs its business sustainably. This research method was obtained from quantitative data and questionnaires from research respondents. This research was carried out purposively in Cawang Lama Village. The things analyzed in this research are income and efficiency values. The results of the analysis showed that the income obtained was IDR1,093,383.-. This is influenced by the amount of revenue and production costs incurred each month. This income is relatively small but helps the family's economy, because palm sugar in this area is mostly produced only as a side job. Due to limited raw materials and the area of ​​oil palm plantations owned. On average, they work as coffee farmers and rice farmers as their main job. The palm sugar business in one of the largest palm sugar producing villages in Selupu Rejang District has an efficiency value of 1.56, which means the business is feasible to run. It can be concluded that the palm sugar business in Cawang Lama Village, Rejang Lebong Regency has good business feasibility, and every unit of costs incurred in this business can be returned 1.56 times.

THE INCREASING CAPACITY CAPTURES BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR GOAT FARMERS

The livestock sector is the most important factor in supporting food security to support sustainable development in Indonesia. The livestock sector is one of the sub-sectors which is a driving force for development, especially in rural areas. Goats are livestock that are widely kept and are well known by the Indonesian people. People like to breed goats because their body size is not too big. Goat farming has an important role in Indonesian livestock as a meat producer to meet domestic needs, and also has the potential to supply the export market. Marketing of goats is very wide open, however there are several problems faced by farmers, namely, the quality of goats is influenced by the type of nutrition/fodder provided and the type of goat itself. Goat farming for rural communities is a side job, but it is mandatory, looking at the condition of the community in Toari District, Kolaka Regency, which shows that every household has at least 7 goats. By increasing the capacity to capture business opportunities for goat breeders, goat breeders can increase their income