Side Effects Of Medicines Research Articles

642 Micrisurgical penile denervation (Selective Neurotomy) for treatment of severe life long premature ejaculation

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common problem for sexually active men. Traditionally for it treatment sexologists use SSRI on-demand or long-term. But in some cases this medicines are not effective or have some side effects. That is why we decide to investigate effectiveness, safety and long-term results of microsurgical denervation of penis glance – selective neurotomy (SNT). During 2007-2017 years on the base of Andrological department of Kharkiv Regional Clinical Center of Urology and Nephrology 843 patients with PE were exanimated and treated. For this part of investigation we picked out 152 patients with severe (Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (IELT) less than 60 sec) primary PE without neurological factors (anxiety, depression, etc.). There were exclude patients with prostatitis. All patients in this group have positive lidocaine test (increasing IVLT more than 2 time after using condoms or sprays with lidocaine or articaine). Biotesiometry showed sufficient increase of glance sensitivity up to 4 mV instead 7-10mV. Most of these patients were unsatisfied previous treatment with SSRI. Dapoxetine on-demand, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine for long-term use came to insufficient increasing of IVLT or side effects of medicines. These patients were undertaken microsurgical denervation of penile glance using microscope with 10 time enlargement. After circumcision we cut 50-80% branches of penile nerve in Bach fascia (more often 6 from 9 branches). Throw 3 weeks patients restart their sexual intercourses. We investigate sensitivity of penile glace, IELT and sexual satisfaction throw 1 and 6 months after surgery.

Evaluation of the Effect of Aloe Vera Ointment with Chamomile Ointment on Severity of Children’s Diaper Dermatitis : A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Introduction: Diaper dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin under the diapers of children, and is relatively common. The disease is seen in children and adolescents with a degree of urinary incontinence. The aim of this study is to replace uncomplicated herbal medicines in the treatment of this disease instead of chemical drugs. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial that was performed on 90 children under 2 years of age who were referred to the Pediatric Department of Tabriz Pediatric Hospital and who used diapers. The children were randomly divided into three groups of 30, and formed a routine group and two other groups, with routine ointment and chamomile and Aloe Vera Ointment. Sampling was performed on the first, third and sixth days of the study using a five point scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: According to the statistical results, the severity of dermatitis in all three groups improved during the study on the sixth day compared to the first day, but there was no significant difference in the severity of diaper dermatitis between the three groups during the study period. (P> 0.05) Conclusion: Regarding the treatment process in all three groups and having positive results in the treatment of dermatitis, the three groups of drugs were effective in treatment, but they were not superior to each other. But due to the lower side effects of herbal medicine, its use is recommended to treat this condition. Key words: Aloe vera ointment, chamomile ointment, diaper dermatitis

Viscum articulatum Burm. f.: a review on its phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses.

The aim of this study was to review and highlight traditional and ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical constituents, IP status, biological activity and pharmacological activity of Viscum articulatum. Thorough literature searches were performed on Viscum articulatum, and data were analysed for reported traditional uses, pharmacological activity, phytochemicals present and patents filed. Scientific and patent databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Google patents, USPTO and Espacenet were searched using different keywords. Viscum articulatum has been traditionally used in different parts of the world for treatment of various ailments. Almost all the parts such as leaves, root, stem and bark are having medicinal values and are reported for their uses in Ayurvedic and Chinese system of medicine for the management of various diseases. Modern scientific studies demonstrate efficacy of this plant against hypertension, ulcer, epilepsy, inflammation, wound, nephrotoxicity, HIV, cancer, etc. Major bioactive phytochemicals include oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, eriodictyol, naringenin, β-amyrin acetate, visartisides, etc. Side effects of allopathic medicines have created a global opportunity, acceptance and demand for phytomedicines. Viscum articulatum could be an excellent source of effective and safe phytomedicine for various ailments if focused translational efforts are undertaken by integrating the existing outcomes of researches.

OP128 Evaluating The NPS MedicineWise Medicines Information Phone Service

Introduction:The NPS MedicineWise pharmacist-delivered phone service, Medicines Line, aims to provide evidence-based medicines information to consumers. We evaluated outcomes of the Medicines Line, including common consumer inquiries and resultant decision-making, and explored consumer motivations for seeking medicines information.Methods:The evaluation involved conducting paper-based and telephone surveys of a sample of 200 Medicines Line callers, and semi-structured telephone interviews of a subset of twenty callers. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results:Preliminary analysis found that the majority of callers thought the Medicines Line had improved their knowledge (ninety-six percent), confidence (eighty-two percent) and decision-making (eighty-nine percent). The most common reasons for calling the Medicines Line were inquiries about side effects or medicine compatibility. The medicines most commonly asked about were antidepressants (twenty percent), analgesics (thirteen percent) and antibiotics (nine percent). Questions about sertraline accounted for thirty-six percent of antidepressant inquiries. Interview themes regarding motivations for using the service included: trust; efficiency and convenience; specialized drug knowledge; and reporting adverse drug reactions to protect others from medicine-related harm. Medicines Line was perceived to be especially useful as an alternative to family physician or specialist consultations when consumers had a non-urgent inquiry about a medicine, and as a service to provide medicines information in remote communities.Conclusions:These results indicate that pharmacist-delivered medicines information telephone services are an effective and efficient way of handling medicines inquiries. Medicines information telephone services are effective in improving health literacy, by increasing callers’ knowledge and confidence to source evidence-based medicines information and improving their ability to make informed decisions about medicine use. This evaluation identified knowledge gaps in medicine side effects and antidepressant use. Identifying such knowledge gaps may be useful in informing future health professional education programs, community campaigns, and shared decision-making resources.

A Review on Ethnomedicinal Plants of Nimar Area in Madhya Pradesh

Medicinal plants are a boon for disease. Nature has provided a rich botanical wealth with diverse plantation in different parts of India. Medicinal plants are useful for human ailments because of the presence of bioactive constituents or phytochemicals which are secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponin, glycosides, lactones, steroids etc. Due to the rapid extension of side effects of allopathic medicines, Herbal medicines are becoming popular day by day as Herbal drugs are safe, cheaper and easily available with therapeutic properties. In Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh, lots of common medicinal plants are available that are used by Nimari people and tribes as remedy to cure diseases. Nimar is the south western region of Madhya Pradesh state in west central India. The present paper provides information on 52 medicinal plants of Nimar area.

Study on the Causes of Discontinue Treatment in Treated Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Muscle Glucantime Injection based on the Type of Medicine (Treatment) Side Effects

Background and objective: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered as an endemic disease in not only Iran but also all over the world. Since cutaneous leishmaniasis is not mainly fatal, therefore it has not been considered seriously by researchers as such as fatal and hard diseases, therefore due to lack of studies in this area in Iran territory, Cutaneous leishmaniasis has been focused to be studied in the current study. Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional descriptiveanalytic study. The studied patients were the 54 cases who were the candidates of the treatment by systematic glucantime muscle injection in Sabzevar city at 2016 based on the country protocol. The relations among the parameters including demographic, systemic symptoms, pancreatic enzyme alterations, liver enzyme alterations, CBC, BUN, Cr by the incidence of complications during the 3-week treatment period were studied by systemic Glucantime injection. To analyze the obtained data, Chi-squared test of SPSS program version 16 was applied. Findings: Regarding the achieved results, 31 males (57.4%) and 23 females (42.6%) were selected as candidates of systemic treatment. 22 candidates (40.7%) were under the age of 60 years. Refractive index treatment was 50%, that all of the candidates have shown systemic complications with significant relations with incidence of time (P<0.0001). 14.7% of the candidates along with systemic symptoms, showed enhancements in pancreatic enzymes 3 times high, presenting significant differences with incidence of time (P<0.006). The highest complications occurred during the first week of treatment. Results: In the present research, the causes of the treatment ending was the incidence of systemic complications and incremental changes in pancreatic enzymes due to glucantime muscle injection occurs mostly in the first weeks of treatment period that finally may lead to the use of alternative methods including cryotherapy for patients treatment.

HISTORY OF INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: A MEDICAL INHERITANCE.

Objective: Indian Traditional Medicine, the foundation of age-old practice of medicine in the world, has played an essential role in human health care service and welfare from its inception. Likewise, all traditional medicines are of its own regional effects and dominant in the West Asian nations; India, Pakistan, Tibet, and so forth, East Asian nations; China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and so forth, Africa, South and Central America. This article is an attempt to illuminate Indian traditional medical service and its importance, based on recent methodical reviews.Methods: Web search engines for example; Google, Science Direct and Google Scholar were employed for reviews as well as for meta-analysis.Results: There is a long running debate between individuals, who utilize Indian Traditional Medicines for different ailments and disorders, and the individuals who depend on the present day; modern medicine for cure. The civil argument between modern medicine and traditional medicines comes down to a basic truth; each person, regardless of education or sickness, ought to be educated about the actualities concerning their illness and the associated side effects of medicines. Therapeutic knowledge of Indian traditional medicine has propelled various traditional approaches with similar or different theories and methodologies, which are of regional significance.Conclusion: To extend research exercises on Indian Traditional Medicine, in near future, and to explore the phytochemicals; the current review will help the investigators involved in traditional medicinal pursuit.

HISTORY OF INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: A MEDICAL INHERITANCE.

Objective: Indian Traditional Medicine, the foundation of age-old practice of medicine in the world, has played an essential role in human health care service and welfare from its inception. Likewise, all traditional medicines are of its own regional effects and dominant in the West Asian nations; India, Pakistan, Tibet, and so forth, East Asian nations; China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and so forth, Africa, South and Central America. This article is an attempt to illuminate Indian traditional medical service and its importance, based on recent methodical reviews.Methods: Web search engines for example; Google, Science Direct and Google Scholar were employed for reviews as well as for meta-analysis.Results: There is a long running debate between individuals, who utilize Indian Traditional Medicines for different ailments and disorders, and the individuals who depend on the present day; modern medicine for cure. The civil argument between modern medicine and traditional medicines comes down to a basic truth; each person, regardless of education or sickness, ought to be educated about the actualities concerning their illness and the associated side effects of medicines. Therapeutic knowledge of Indian traditional medicine has propelled various traditional approaches with similar or different theories and methodologies, which are of regional significance.Conclusion: To extend research exercises on Indian Traditional Medicine, in near future, and to explore the phytochemicals; the current review will help the investigators involved in traditional medicinal pursuit.

Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Medicine for Childhood Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing dermatosis associated with itch, sleep disturbance and poor quality of life. Treatment of AD includes the use of emollients, and topical and systemic immunomodulating agents. Many patients also use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This article reviews the pathophysiology of AD, clinical trials and recent patents involving various modalities of CAM in the treatment of AD. A Medline/Pubmed search was conducted using Clinical Queries with the key terms "Chinese Medicine OR Complementary and Alternative medicine" AND "Eczema OR Atopic dermatitis". The search strategy included meta-analyses, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), clinical trials, reviews and pertinent references. Patents were searched using the key term "atopic dermatitis" from www.google.com/patents, www.uspto.gov, and www.freepatentsonline.com. Only a few RCTs evaluated the efficacy of Chinese medicinal herbs in treating AD. There was some evidence for other modalities of CAM. Integrative Medicine (IM) usually refers to the various forms of CAM that combine conventional western medicine and Chinese medicine. Supporting evidence for the efficacy of IM in the treatment of AD is presently lacking. Integration is difficult. Western medicine practitioners are often ignorant about CAM and IM. Parents are concerned about the potential side effects of Western medicine and will tend to be non-compliant with the conventional Western component of IM. Recent patents on CAM and IM are reviewed. Most CAM patents are herbal compositions, evidence on their efficacy is generally lacking. AD is a complex disease. The psychodynamics of the child and his/her family is the reason for the often suboptimal outcomes. Both Western and CAM practitioners should collaborate to create a mutually encouraging environment for the advances of IM. CAM and IM publications and patents are reviewed. Evidence of their efficacy is generally lacking. Further research is needed.

Diabetes Reversal by Plant-Based Diet

Background: Diabetes causes a never-ending medicine and or insulin treatment for the diseased. Also, the patients are bound to follow a particular diet, with eliminating most of the sugary foods; that further deteriorates the quality of life. This gave way to the study, focused on diabetes cure without medicines and on rich fruits and vegetable diet. The clinical trial on 55 diabetes patients with a team of 6 medical associates was practiced for 3-days at Zorba, The Buddha, 10 - Tropical Drive, Ghitorni, New Delhi from 29th April to 1st May, 2016. The goal was to establish and observe the effects of plantbased diet on the sugar levels of the diabetes patients. These included both insulin-dependent and independent, diabetes type-1 and type-2 patients. The 3-days Residential Treatment Tour involved 55 subjects with different age groups and demographic profiles. The study considered participants from different countries to find out the global impact of the treatment. Objective Aim: The burden of the disease diabetes is rising globally. The aim of the research is to find out that on discontinuing the medicines and being on a particular plant-based diet, can high blood glucose levels in diabetes patients be normalized. Methodology Trial: Clinical trials were performed on diabetes patients for 3-days continuously. The sample size of the study was n=55 patients. Medicines were eliminated from the first day of the trial. Thereafter, following 3-days, the participants were kept on a prescribed plant-based diet. Both fasting and post-prandial readings were measured each day along with the weights of the participants. The subjects with varying diabetes history, age groups, type of diabetes, insulin dependency and demographic profiles were part of the trial. Findings of the Study Results: The study reported controlled blood glucose levels for 84% of patients and partially-controlled levels for 16% of patients. Those with controlled levels could attain a healthy blood glucose range without medicines and or insulin, along with the prescribed diet in 3-days. Those with partially controlled levels could attain a healthy blood glucose range with less than 50% of insulin than prescribed earlier. Among diabetes type-2 patients the study reported 100% results with all the patients maintaining a healthy blood glucose level. While among diabetes type-1 patients, 57% reported controlled blood glucose levels through the diet and zero-medications. Whereas, 43% reported healthy blood sugar levels through the diet and insulin reduction. In addition of the insulin-dependent group, 59% could completely drop their insulin requirements and 41% could reduce the requirement to at least 50%. The weight reduction for 55 patients in 3-days was reported as 1.14kgs of average weight loss per individual. Also, the patients had symptomatic relief from general fatigue and weaknesses .The plant-based diet proved to be beneficial with regards to energy and nutritional fulfillments. Future Scope Conclusion: Diabetes treatment has both health and economic burden on society. With reference to the present research, a new approach for the treatment of this considered life-style metabolic disability can be shaped. The plant-based diet has been found effective to cure and control diabetes, eliminating the medicine or insulin requirements. Further research on the subject matter can present a medicine-free-food-science based treatment for the disease. At the same time, this unique treatment approach will eliminate the risks of medicine side-effects. On the basis of this research, diabetes education can be developed for better understanding of the disease and better living for the diseased population.

Comparative study of antidiabetic activity of two herbal extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes and side effects of chemical medicines, it is worthwhile to discover non-pharmacological treatments for this disease. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) and Cordia myxa, are among the widely used medicinal herbs.The present study aimed to compare the antidiabetic activities of Trigonella foenum graecum seed aqueous extract (TE) with Cordia myxa fruit aqueous extract (CE) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW) and afterwards, rats were randomly allocated into four groups as the following: Group 1: Normal rats, Group 2: Diabetic control rats, Group 3: diabetic rats received TE (870 mg/kg BW), Group 4: diabetic rats received CE (500 mg/kg BW).The extracts were administered orally for 30 days. Treatment with both extracts caused a significant reduction in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin of diabetic rats in comparison with diabetic control group (P < 0.001). The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in diabetic rats were decreased while there was an increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde in the liver. After a period of one-month oral administration, both extracts significantly decreased the altered parameters in diabetic rats compared to untreated controls (P < 0.05).Treatment with CE significantly decreased the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) compared with untreated diabetic group (P < 0.05).Moreover, TE supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in liver enzymes except ALP compared to the diabetic control group (P < 0.05). Despite the comparable therapeutic efficacy, Cordia myxa fruit could be superior to Trigonella foenum graecum seeds due to its sweet taste and fewer side-effects.

Determinants of uncontrolled hypertension among clients on anti-retroviral therapy in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe, 2016

BackgroundClients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are living longer and have risk of hypertension. Side effects of medicines and aging increase this risk. Hypertension prevalence among clients on ART in Kadoma City was estimated to be 30% in 2015. Of these, 61% had uncontrolled hypertension. This was high compared to 46% of hypertensives in the general population who had uncontrolled hypertension. We determined factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among clients on ART.MethodsA 1.1 unmatched case control study was conducted. Interviews, anthropometric measurements and record reviews were to collect data on demography and medical history. Epi Info 7 was used for univariate, bivariate analysis and logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-two cases and 152 controls were recruited into the study. Adding salt to dishes regularly aOR = 5.69 (3.19–10.16), body mass index (BMI) above 25 kg/m2 aOR = 2.81 (1.60–4.91) and history of elevated blood pressure in previous year aOR = 2.34 (1.33–4.13) were independent risk factors. Independent protective factors were duration more than 2 years since HIV diagnosis aOR = 0.58 (0.35–0.95), duration less than 5 years since hypertension diagnosis aOR = 0.50 (0.30–0.83) and walking or cycling as a means of transport aOR = 0.27 (0.16–0.48).ConclusionAdding salt to dishes regularly, BMI above 25 kg/m2, history of elevated blood pressure in the previous year, duration more than 2 years since HIV diagnosis, duration less than 5 years since hypertension diagnosis and walking or cycling as a means of transport were independently associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Health education on lifestyle changes like walking and cycling as transport and dietary modification such as salt intake reduction were recommended.

Hiponatremia in the practice of a psychiatrist. Part 1: SIADH syndrome and drug-induced hyponatremia.

Abstract Introduction. Hyponatremia is an important part of psychiatric practice. In order to analyze its causes and symptoms, the literature on hyponatremia in psychiatric patients has been reviewed. The work has been divided into two separate manuscripts. In the first one the authors discuss the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and hyponatremia occurring with the use of psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics, normotimics), while the second paper discusses research on psychogenic polydipsia. The causes of hyponatremia in patients treated in psychiatric wards include: water intoxication associated with polydipsia, somatic comorbidities, side effect of internal medicine and psychiatric drugs. The most common mechanism leading in these cases to hyponatremia is the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of vasopressin (SIADH). The SIADH syndrome is a group of symptoms, first described in 1967 by Schwartz and Bartter in The American Journal of Medicine, which results from the hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone, also called vasopressin, which causes patients to develop normovolemic hyponatremia. The phenomenon of drug-induced hyponatremia in psychiatric practice is generally observed with the use of antidepressants, antipsychotics and anti-epileptic drugs (used in psychiatry as normotimic drugs). Aim and method. The first manuscript includes a review of literature on the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of vasopressin (SIADH) and hyponatremia occurring after the use of psychotropic drugs, and is divided into two subsections: 1. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of vasopressin (SIADH), 2. Hyponatremia and psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics, normotimics). Conclusion. In the view of the reviewed literature it is extremely important to control the natremia level during pharmacotherapy using the above mentioned drugs, especially in the initial period of therapy.

Current Havoc of TB and its Alleviation by Green Pharmacy Discipline : Medical Biotechnology

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest diseases of humans, with a present worldwide annual mortality rate of over a million. Global resurgence of TB, and the emergence of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively-drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) in India call for the development of new anti-tubercular drugs to combat them. Medicinal plants from the rich heritage of Indian flora, a lesser-explored area as anti-TB green pharmacy till date, offer a hope for the development of alternative medicines, necessitating their potencies to be meticulously scanned and evaluated. For the effective control of MDR-strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a systematic screening of plants would be the first step in the development of a suitable phytodrug, which would also be economically viable in the medicinal plant trade. Use of such non-conventional anti-TB herbal medicines is expected to acquire brisk popularity, owing to the toxicity and overwhelming side-effects of anti-tubercular allopathic medicines. In the present review, a situation report on the on-going global efforts to discover and develop drugs from twelve selected medicinal plants have been discussed, which have ample potential as anti-TB agents, as identified from various sources in the corresponding literature reviewed.

The subjective assessment of causes of adverse effects of drugs in the population of Ukraine

The urgency of effective and safe pharmacotherapy is determined by a high incidence of side effects of medicines, genetic polymorphism is one of their causes. For its assessment the genetic testing is conducted on the basis of drug prescribing. Aim . To study the subjective assessment of the causes of drug side effects among the population of Ukraine for estimating the potential consumers of genetic tests. Materials and methods . A specially designed questionnaire was used as an analysis tool. The study involved 3143 respondents. Results and discussion . It was shown that the most frequent subjective causes of side effects according to the respondents were the unread patient information leaflets and misunderstanding of them, possible genetic traits of a person, the simultaneous use of several drugs, drug faking, etc. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop the algorithm for implementation of the system of measures aimed at raising awareness of the potential means of reducing the side effects of drugs, in particular carrying out a genetic testing.

Multiple model predictive control for optimal drug administration of mixed immunotherapy and chemotherapy of tumours

BackgroundMixed immunotherapy and chemotherapy of tumours is one of the most efficient ways to improve cancer treatment strategies. However, it is important to ‘design’ an effective treatment programme which can optimize the ways of combining immunotherapy and chemotherapy to diminish their imminent side effects. Control engineering techniques could be used for this. MethodsThe method of multiple model predictive controller (MMPC) is applied to the modified Stepanova model to induce the best combination of drugs scheduling under a better health criteria profile. The proposed MMPC is a feedback scheme that can perform global optimization for both tumour volume and immune competent cell density by performing multiple constraints. ResultsAlthough current studies usually assume that immunotherapy has no side effect, this paper presents a new method of mixed drug administration by employing MMPC, which implements several constraints for chemotherapy and immunotherapy by considering both drug toxicity and autoimmune. With designed controller we need maximum 57% and 28% of full dosage of drugs for chemotherapy and immunotherapy in some instances, respectively. Therefore, through the proposed controller less dosage of drugs are needed, which contribute to suitable results with a perceptible reduction in medicine side effects. ConclusionIt is observed that in the presence of MMPC, the amount of required drugs is minimized, while the tumour volume is reduced. The efficiency of the presented method has been illustrated through simulations, as the system from an initial condition in the malignant region of the state space (macroscopic tumour volume) transfers into the benign region (microscopic tumour volume) in which the immune system can control tumour growth.

An evaluation of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Bidar district, Karnataka

Background: The elimination of lymphatic filariasis in highly endemic countries results in a reduction of prevalence in permanent disabilities from communicable diseases. The qualitative and quantitative performance of mass drug administration (MDA) efforts in attaining the above goal is important. Objective: To evaluate the MDA as independent assessor in Bidar district for the year 2015 in Karnataka. Materials and Methods: The community-based, descriptive, and evaluative study was conducted in Bidar district during 28th -30th January 2016. The multistage stratified sampling was used in the selection of three rural and one urban cluster. The number of houses covered was 30 in each cluster. The information was collected in the predesigned questionnaire from each house at their doorstep that included enrolment, coverage, distribution, consumption, and side effects of medicines. Results: The number of family members in 120 houses was 602. The enrolment of eligible population and the drug distribution was to the extent of 95%. The drug consumption rate and direct observation of treatment were 96% and 39%, respectively. The stock maintenance of medicines was poor. The side effects of medicines were 2% among the study population. The formal report submissions do not exist at the village and primary health center level. The reports were generated in illogical way. Conclusion: The enrolment, coverage, and consumption rates were satisfactory, but the direct observation of treatment was poor. Majority consumed medicines in divided doses in a day. There was no formal method of submission of MDA reports from village to the district level.

Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial herbal gels of Murraya koenigii leaves extract

Herbal medicine has become an item of global importance both medicinal and economical. Herbal remedies are getting increasing patient compliance as they are devoid of typical side effects of allopathic medicines. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gels containing Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) plant leaf extract. The gel formulations were prepared by using Carbapol 940, Murraya koenigii leaf extract, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, glycerine and required amount of distilled water. The skin pH (6.8-7) was maintained by drop wise addition of Tri-ethanolamine. The physical parameters of formulated gels like colour, homogeneity, pH, viscosity and spreadibility were evaluated. The gels were evaluated for antibacterial efficiency by agar diffusion method against some bacterial agents. The herbal gels showed that formulations containing Murraya koenigii leaves extract have better antibacterial activity.

A Randomized Clinical Trial on Treatment of Chronic Constipation by Traditional Persian Medicine Recommendations Compared to Allopathic Medicine: A Pilot Study.

Background:The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of lactulose plus traditional Persian medicine with only lactulose on the functional chronic constipation.Methods:Participants included 20 patients (10 in each group) aged 18–80 years, with major inclusion criteria of ROME III. They were assigned into two parallel therapeutic groups, including the intervention group (lactulose plus traditional Persian medicine [TPM] advices) and control group (only lactulose) through a block randomization. Weekly follow-up was done for 1 month for both groups.Results:After the intervention, the frequency of bowel habit increased significantly in patients of both groups (P = 0.001), and the frequency of hard stool defecation, sensation of painful defecation, sensation of incomplete evacuation, sensation of anorectal obstruction, and manual maneuver for evacuation were decreased significantly in patients of both groups (P < 0.001 for all comparisons and 0.025 for manual maneuver). However, the only significant difference between the two groups was more reduction in the sensation of painful defecation in the lactulose group versus lactulose plus TPM advices (P = 0.014).Conclusions:Based on the pilot study, no significant difference was shown between TPM with lactulose and lactulose only in the management of chronic functional constipation. However, the easy recommendations of TPM can be useful in improving chronic constipation.

Diabetes Reversal by Plant-Based Diet

Introduction: Diabetes causes a never-ending medicine and or insulin treatment for the diseased. Also, the patients are bound to follow a particular diet, with eliminating most of the sugary foods; that further deteriorates the quality of life. This gave way to the study, focused on diabetes cure without medicines and on rich fruits and vegetable diet. The clinical trial on 55 diabetes patients with a team of 6 medical associates was practiced for 3- days at Zorba, The Buddha, 10 – Tropical Drive, Ghitorni, New Delhi from 29th April to 1st May, 2016. The goal was to establish and observe the effects of plant-based diet on the sugar levels of the diabetes patients. These included both insulin-dependent and independent, diabetes type-1 and type-2 patients. The 3-days Residential Treatment Tour involved 55 subjects with different age groups and demographic profiles. The study considered participants from different countries to find out the global impact of the treatment. Objective: The burden of the disease diabetes is rising globally. The aim of the research is to find out that on discontinuing the medicines and being on a particular plant-based diet, can high blood glucose levels in diabetes patients be normalized. Methodology: Clinical trials were performed on diabetes patients for 3-days continuously. The sample size of the study was n=55 patients. Medicines were eliminated from the first day of the trial. Thereafter, following 3-days, the participants were kept on a prescribed plant-based diet. Both fasting and post-prandial readings were measured each day along with the weights of the participants. The subjects with varying diabetes history, age groups, type of diabetes, insulin dependency and demographic profiles were part of the trial. Findings of the study: The study reported controlled* blood glucose levels for 84% of patients and partiallycontrolled* levels for 16% of patients. Those with controlled* levels could attain a healthy blood glucose range without medicines and or insulin, along with the prescribed diet in 3-days. Those with partially controlled* levels could attain a healthy blood glucose range with less than 50% of insulin than prescribed earlier. Among diabetes type-2 patients the study reported 100% results with all the patients maintaining a healthy blood glucose level. While among diabetes type-1 patients, 57% reported controlled* blood glucose levels through the diet and zeromedications. Whereas, 43% reported healthy blood sugar levels through the diet and insulin reduction. In addition of the insulin-dependent group, 59% could completely drop their insulin requirements and 41% could reduce the requirement to at least 50%. The weight reduction for 55 patients in 3-days was reported as 1.14 kgs of average weight loss per individual. Also, the patients had symptomatic relief from general fatigue and weaknesses. The plant-based diet proved to be beneficial with regards to energy and nutritional fulfillments. Future scope: Diabetes treatment has both health and economic burden on society. With reference to the present research, a new approach for the treatment of this considered life-style metabolic disability can be shaped. The plant-based diet has been found effective to cure and control diabetes, eliminating the medicine or insulin requirements. Further research on the subject matter can present a medicine-free-food-science based treatment for the disease. At the same time, this unique treatment approach will eliminate the risks of medicine side-effects. On the basis of this research, diabetes education can be developed for better understanding of the disease and better living for the diseased population.