Side Effects Of Cancer Therapy Research Articles

Moderate Intensity Exercise Reduces Side Effects of Cancer Therapy and Maintains Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male Breast Cancer Patients: Findings from the BRECA Male Crossover Study

Introduction: There is growing evidence that aerobic exercise mitigates cancer therapy-related side effects and improves cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, to the best of our knowledge, no exercise study has been conducted in male breast cancer (MBC) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of different exercise intensities on CRF and self-reported questionnaire items in MBC patients. Methods: Twenty-two MBC patients (60 ± 9 years) participated in this randomized crossover study. After completion of medical treatment, MBC patients were randomly assigned to either moderate (40–50% of heart rate [HR] max. and self-perceived exertion: 11) or vigorous (70–80% of HR max. and self-perceived exertion: 15) exercise intensity during the first 3 months of the study. After a 1-month washout period, participants switched group assignments. Primary endpoints were CRF and questionnaire items. Results: We observed a dropout rate of 36% over 7 months, with the number of participants decreasing from 22 to 14. The results showed significant improvements in “Physical Function” (p = 0.037) and “Social Function” (p = 0.016) after moderate training. A non-significant improvement was also observed in “Breast Symptoms” (p = 0.095), but there was no change in “Fatigue” (p = 0.306). There were no differences observed in cardiovascular fitness (V̇O2 peak) between the treatment groups. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the effectiveness of exercise intervention for an exceedingly rare cancer, highlighting the vital role of moderate intensity aerobic exercise in mitigating treatment side effects. Despite minimal peak V̇O2 differences, both exercise protocols adequately sustain CRF. Future studies are imperative to design optimized, sex-specific rehabilitation strategies tailored to the unique requirements of MBC patients, advancing our understanding of this under explored realm.

Scintillating and magnetic stimuli-responsive nanostructures as adjuvants in cancer therapy

We present an overview of recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanostructures for medicine and drug delivery aiming at improving the efficacy and minimizing side effects of cancer therapies. We focus on two complementary system: Self-Lighted Photodynamic Therapy (SLPDT), and magnetic systems for hyperthermia and for controlled drug release. SPLDT, also known as X-ray triggered PDT, bases on hybrid nanostructures such as functionalized SiC/SiOx nanowires and CeF3/ZnO nanostructures. We emphasize the importance of discriminating the various Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced, i.e., singlet oxygen, peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals, which have different effects on cells and different therapeutic efficacy. Singlet oxygen is quantified by an ad hoc NIR fluorimeter. SLPDT can be usefully complemented by smart systems responsive to magnetic fields. As examples, we discuss the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic nanocapsules for triggered drug release. Finally, we highlight promising directions for future developments.

Emergencies in cancer therapy: surgical indications under systemic therapy

Emergency surgery due to side-effects of cancer therapy in patients with metastatic disease of the genitourinary tract is rare. Nevertheless, there are a number of emergencies that require rapid intervention and should be recognized by every uro-oncologist. The following review will work out important side-effects requiring surgical treatment, highlighting the main symptoms and the initial management.

Thoughts about fertility among female adolescents and young adults with cancer: a qualitative study

PurposeNine hundred female adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15–39 are diagnosed with cancer in Denmark annually. Advances in cancer therapy have led to increased long-term survival; however, a serious side effect of cancer therapy is reduced fertility. The aim of our study was to explore the thoughts about fertility among female AYAs with cancer.MethodsOur study was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021 at the Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Inclusion criteria were female AYAs with cancer aged 18–39. Twelve individual, semi-structured, qualitative interviews were performed with female AYAs with cancer (20–35 years). Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour main themes were found: (1) the female AYAs held on to a hope of having children in the future; (2) the female AYAs experienced time pressure and waiting time as a sprint as well as a marathon; (3) the female AYAs faced existential and ethical choices about survival and family formation; and (4) the female AYAs felt a loss of control of their bodies.ConclusionOur study contributes with knowledge on how important holding on to the hope of children in the future is among female AYAs with cancer. Meanwhile, they are frustrated by the rushed decision on fertility preservation at diagnosis. The female AYAs also have existential and ethical concerns related to the choice of cancer therapy and fertility preservation. Finally, they suffer from altered body image, loss of femininity, and body control due to hormone therapy.

Folic acid-decorated calix[4]resorcinol: Synthesis, dissolution in water and delivery of doxorubicin

Selective internalization in cancer cells has great potential to reduce the side effects of cancer therapy. One effective approach to increase targeting to cancer cells is modification of nanocarrier with folate groups, providing interaction with folic acid alpha receptors, which are overexpressed in some types of tumors. In this work, the folic acid-modified calix[4]resorcinol was synthesized. The choice of calix[4]resorcinol as a modified molecule is due to the possibility of simultaneous attachment of four folic groups. However, this synthetic modification did not improve the water solubility of the calixarene skeleton; therefore, its water-soluble form was further prepared in the presence of N-methyl-D-glucamine and the ability of the resulting form to bind doxorubicin hydrochloride was studied. When studying a mixed system of folic acid-based calix[4]resorcinol with doxorubicin, the smallest particles were found at their equimolar ratio. The equimolar complex of the synthesized macrocycle with doxorubicin exhibits folic acid-receptor mediated selective uptake by M-HeLa cells and induces selective cancer death.

Endogenous Fe2+-activated nanomedicine to amplify ROS generation and in-situ response NIR-II photothermal therapy of tumor

Endogenous activated nanomedicines have great potential in improving therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects in cancer therapy. Herein, a novel nanomedicine (CuHCF) was developed based on a mixed-metal (Cu2+/Fe3+) Prussian blue analogue via a facile co-precipitation method, which could respond to the endogenous labile iron pool (LIP) achieving enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and in situ NIR-II photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumor. Notably, the prepared CuHCF itself shows low Fenton catalytic activity, which however, is found to significantly amplify the generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) when exposed to the over-expressed Fe2+ in tumor region, since the intracellular Fe2+ triggers the redox cycles between Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cu2+/Cu+ of CuHCF. More interestingly, it is found that the CuHCF presents an obviously enhanced near-infrared absorption after reacting with Fe2+, enabling in situ hyperthermia under NIR-II (1064 nm) irradiation. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that a highly efficient synergistic therapy of CDT/PTT was achieved via a ferroptosis pathway when CuHCF was combined with the ferroptosis inducer erastin (ERA). Such an endogenous activated nanomedicine provides a promising paradigm to enhance specific CDT in synergy with in situ NIR-II PTT for precise cancer therapy.

Anti-cancerous effect of corn silk: a critical review on its mechanism of action and safety evaluation.

Cancer is a broad collection of diseases that can begin in almost any organ or tissue of the body. Corn silk is the hair-like stigmata of female maize flowers which is generally discarded as waste from maize cultivation. The current study targets the anti-cancer potential of corn silk and its bioactive compounds namely, polyphenols, flavonoids, and sterols. The polyphenols and flavonoids like quercetin, rutin, apigenin and beta-sitosterol are a range of compounds from corn silk which were investigated for their anticancer effect. Corn silk showed apoptotic and antiproliferative effects in cancer cells through different signalling pathways, essentially the serine/threonine kinases (Akt)/lipid kinases (PI3Ks) pathway. The study revealed that corn silk compounds target immune cell responses, induce cell cytotoxicity, and upregulate the expression of proapoptotic genes p53, p21, caspase 9, and caspase 3 in certain cancer cell lines including HeLa cervical cancer cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, PANC-02 pancreatic cancer cells and Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Flavonoids derived from corn silk enhance T cell mediated immune response and decrease inflammatory factors. Corn silk bioactive compounds were found to reduce the side effects of cancer therapy. Antioxidants of corn silk, quercetin and rutin help in reducing the nephrotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. The study also suggests that corn silk has anti-cancerous potential as it targets tumour suppression and inhibits metastasis A dose of 500mg/kg body weight of corn silk has been found safe for human consumption. Corn silk extract can be used as a preventive or therapeutic step to cure cancer. The anti-cancer property, mechanism and role of corn silk in controlling cancer-related side effects have been critically reviewed providing new scope for the use of corn silk in cancer therapy.

Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of paeonol on antitumor and prevention of side effects of cancer therapy.

Cancer represents one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Conventional clinical treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, these treatments have inherent limitations, such as multidrug resistance and the induction of short- and long-term multiple organ damage, ultimately leading to a significant decrease in cancer survivors' quality of life and life expectancy. Paeonol, a nature active compound derived from the root bark of the medicinal plant Paeonia suffruticosa, exhibits various pharmacological activities. Extensive research has demonstrated that paeonol exhibits substantial anticancer effects in various cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Its underlying mechanisms involve the induction of apoptosis, the inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, regulating tumor immunity and enhanced radiosensitivity, as well as the modulation of multiple signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, paeonol can prevent adverse effects on the heart, liver, and kidneys induced by anticancer therapy. Despite numerous studies exploring paeonol's therapeutic potential in cancer, no specific reviews have been conducted. Therefore, this review provides a systematic summary and analysis of paeonol's anticancer effects, prevention of side effects, and the underlying mechanisms involved. This review aims to establish a theoretical basis for the adjunctive strategy of paeonol in cancer treatment, ultimately improving the survival rate and enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients.

Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) Expressed in Sensory Neurons Contributes to Signs of Pain and Neuropathy in Paclitaxel Treated Mice

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, dose-limiting side effect of cancer therapy. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is implicated in a variety of pathologies, including CIPN. In this study, we demonstrate the role of PAR2 expressed in sensory neurons in a paclitaxel (PTX)-induced model of CIPN in mice. PAR2 knockout/wildtype (WT) mice and mice with PAR2 ablated in sensory neurons were treated with PTX administered via intraperitoneal injection. In vivo behavioral studies were done in mice using von Frey filaments and the Mouse Grimace Scale. We then examined immunohistochemical staining of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hind paw skin samples from CIPN mice to measure satellite cell gliosis and intra-epidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density. The pharmacological reversal of CIPN pain was tested with the PAR2 antagonist C781. Mechanical allodynia caused by PTX treatment was alleviated in PAR2 knockout mice of both sexes. In the PAR2 sensory neuronal conditional knockout (cKO) mice, both mechanical allodynia and facial grimacing were attenuated in mice of both sexes. In the DRG of the PTX-treated PAR2 cKO mice, satellite glial cell activation was reduced compared to control mice. IENF density analysis of the skin showed that the PTX-treated control mice had a reduction in nerve fiber density while the PAR2 cKO mice had a comparable skin innervation as the vehicle-treated animals. Similar results were seen with satellite cell gliosis in the DRG, where gliosis induced by PTX was absent in PAR cKO mice. Finally, C781 was able to transiently reverse established PTX-evoked mechanical allodynia. PerspectiveOur work demonstrates that PAR2 expressed in sensory neurons plays a key role in PTX-induced mechanical allodynia, spontaneous pain, and signs of neuropathy, suggesting PAR2 as a possible therapeutic target in multiple aspects of PTX CIPN.

A supervised remote exercising program for patients receiving immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy in Brazil: ExIO.

12122 Background: Exercise has been shown to ameliorate the side effects of cancer therapy, improve quality of life, and may even enhance treatment response. Since immunotherapy is widely used and approved for over 18 indications, studies are needed to determine the effect of exercise on immunotherapy outcomes Additionally, there is a crucial need for understanding how to make such interventions cost-effective and accessible in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to explore the feasibility and efficacy of a remote exercise program for patients receiving immunotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy in Brazil. Methods: This is a 12-week prospective study of a supervised remote exercise program. Patients diagnosed with any solid cancer receiving immunotherapy alone or in combination are eligible. The program is supervised using the WhatsApp and Vedius platforms and consists of resistance and aerobic exercises for 3 to 5 hours per week (4 to 6 days a week). Outcome measures include treatment-related symptoms (FACT-ICM, scale 0-100), fatigue (BFI, scale 0-90), and overall quality of life (FACT-G, scale 0-108). Descriptive statistics were generated, and RM-ANOVA were used to evaluate changes in outcome measures over time. Results: A total of 40 patients have been enrolled to date, with 87.8% of complete adherence. Participants had a mean age of 59 years (SD = 12.2) and were predominantly female (53.7%), white (68.3%), married (68.3%), and had a college degree or higher education (56.0%). Patients were mostly diagnosed with breast (24.4%) or kidney (22.0%) cancers; 63.4% of patients had stage IV disease. Notably, significant improvements in treatment-related symptoms (M1= 86.5, M2= 96.0, p = 0.001), fatigue (M1= 21.4, M2= 9.6, p = 0.001) and quality of life (M1= 87.5, M2= 98.6, p = 0.001) have been observed. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the feasibility and efficacy of a supervised remote exercise program among patients with cancer receiving immunotherapy in Latin America. Our findings suggest that this remote program has high adherence and may improve treatment-related symptoms, fatigue, and overall quality of life while providing a practical and easily accessible alternative to patients. This study will be validated in an upcoming randomized clinical trial.

Redox extracellular vesicles induce neurotoxic cytokine production from innate immune cells

Abstract Therapy induced cognition impairment (TICI) or chemobrain is a well-recognized side effect of cancer therapy, which reduces quality of life for cancer survivors. Most cancer therapies induce reactive oxygen species, which can lead to cancer cell death, but they also promote neuronal cell death both directly and indirectly leading to TICI. High grade gliomas are one of the cancers that respond poorly to therapy and are associated with development of chemobrain. Currently, the mechanisms underlying chemobrain are not well understood. The systemic side effects such as cachexia, fatigue, and cognitive impairment are associated with sustained elevation of inflammatory cytokines and microglial cell activation. We tested the hypothesis that chemotherapy and radiation treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) leads to production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with oxidized proteins that uniquely stimulate specific immune cells to produce cytokines like TNF-α which was shown to induce therapy induced cognition impairment (TICI) by causing neurotoxicity. Previously we showed that TNF-α has a major role in TICI, as it can cross the blood brain barrier and induce neurotoxicity. We found that chemotherapy or radiation induces production of EVs from cells and tissues that are targets of the drugs. These EVs contain more proteins adducted to 4-hydorxy nonenal (HNE) compared to controls. These EVs contain proteins released from tissues such as brain that are damaged by therapy. The HNE adducted EVs were better than control EVs in inducing macrophages and microglial cells to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-6. Serum IL-6 levels and IL-6 producing cells were significantly increased in vivo when C57BL/6 mice were injected with Redox EVs. NIH R01 CA21793

Cisplatin-based combination therapy for cancer.

Cisplatin, that is, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum is a coordinate compound that is mainly preferred as prior treatment against several solid tumors and malignancies like ovaries, head and neck, testicular, and lung cancers because of its anticancer activity. Cisplatin binds at the N7 position of purine and forms adducts, leading to altered activity of DNA that triggers apoptosis. DNA damage is followed by several signaling pathways like induced oxidative stress, upregulated p53, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) or Akt pathways along with induced apoptosis. Additionally, cisplatin treatment comes with few disadvantages such as toxic effects, that is, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, etc., and drug resistance. Furthermore, to overcome cisplatin resistance and toxicological effects, combination drug therapy has been considered. The aim of the review is to focus on the molecular mechanism of action of cisplatin and combination drug therapy to reduce the side effects in cancer therapy.

Agonistic and antagonistic targeting of immune checkpoint molecules differentially regulate osteoclastogenesis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the treatment of various cancers and have been extensively researched with regard to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, this revolutionary therapeutic strategy often provokes critical auto-inflammatory adverse events, such as inflammatory reactions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, and skeletal systems. Because the function of these immunomodulatory co-receptors is highly cell-type specific and the role of macrophages as osteoclast precursors is widely published, we aimed to analyze the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on these bone-resorbing cells. We established an in vitro model of osteoclastogenesis using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, to which various immune checkpoints and corresponding antagonistic antibodies were administered. Formation of osteoclasts was quantified and cell morphology was analyzed via immunofluorescence staining, cell size measurements, and calculation of cell numbers in a multitude of samples. These methodical approaches for osteoclast research achieved objective, comparable, and reproducible results despite the great heterogeneity in the form, size, and number of osteoclasts. In addition to the standardization of experimental analyses involving osteoclasts, our study has revealed the substantial effects of agonistic and antagonistic checkpoint modulation on osteoclastogenesis, confirming the importance of immune checkpoints in bone homeostasis. Our work will enable more robust and reproducible investigations into the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in conditions with diminished bone density such as osteoporosis, aseptic loosening of endoprostheses, cancer, as well as the side effects of cancer therapy, and might even pave the way for novel individualized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Consumption and supplementation of vitamin E in breast cancer risk, treatment, and outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Robust evidence have shown diet or dietary components in playing a direct role on cancer chemoprevention such as breast cancer (BC), and also prevention against cancer therapy side effects. In this context, vitamin E isoforms have been associated with tumor suppression pathways, mainly related to proliferation, invasion, metastasis, tumor metabolism and chemoresistance. Therefore, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the effects of vitamin E consumption and/or supplementation on breast cancer risk, treatment, and outcomes. The studies were selected in the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 22 articles were selected, which nine manuscripts we perform the meta-analysis. The summary effect estimate did not indicate any significant association between consumption versus non-consumption of total vitamin E and breast cancer risk. After assessing the effects of vitamin E supplementation on breast cancer risk, only two had data for comparison and vitamin E supplementation presented no impact on breast cancer risk. However, the summary effect estimate from the included studies indicated that vitamin E consumption was inversely associated with breast cancer recurrence in the control group. There are no significant results regarding dietary or supplemental vitamin E intake and BC risk reduction. Finally, regarding recurrence, survival, and mortality, the results indicated that vitamin E consumption was inversely associated with breast cancer recurrence, although no association was found for breast cancer mortality.

Prevention and the treatment of oral mucositis: the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate vs other agents: a systematic review

IntroductionOral mucositis (OM) is a major side effect of cancer therapy, which is associated with significant symptoms, treatment delays and increased costs for the health system. It is an important component of the quality of life of cancer patients and, until now, there has been no gold standard regarding prevention or treatment of this pathology. Notwithstanding the paucity of treatment guidelines (due to limited evidence from high-quality, rigorous studies), sodium bicarbonate (SB) rinses are one of the most used agents for OM management.ObjectivesA systematic review (2000–2022) was performed in order to compare and examine different agents versus sodium bicarbonate (SB) in preventing or treating OM.SourcesEleven randomized controlled trials (RCT) were evaluated: four were conducted for the prevention and seven for the management of OM. The risk of bias of RCTs was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials.Study selectionAccording to the RoB2 evaluation for randomized trials, four RCTs were judged to be at a high risk of bias, two were rated as ‘problematic’, while five were deemed to be a low risk of bias.ConclusionsThe results revealed that there was no evidence for supporting SB in OM treatment regarding management and prevention.Clinical significanceResults showed in this review takes on a strategic importance in the use of SB for OM management or prevention; indiscriminate use of SB could be counterproductive because it causes a sudden pH increase and it delays proper OM pharmacological treatment.

Moxibustion for the Treatment of Cancer and its Complications: Efficacies and Mechanisms.

Cancer treatment remains a significant challenge for the medical community, and improved therapies are necessary to treat cancer and its associated complications. Current anticancer therapies often have significant side effects, underscoring the need for new treatment options. Moxibustion is a representative external therapy used in traditional Chinese medicine. This review examines clinical studies demonstrating moxibustion's ability to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and control tumor progression. Moxibustion can prevent and treat various complications of cancer, including cancer-related or therapy-induced gastrointestinal symptoms, myelosuppression, fatigue, pain, and postoperative lymphedema. has also been shown to enhance the quality of life for cancer patients. However, very few studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms for these effects, a topic that requires systematic elucidation. Evidence has shown that moxibustion alone or combined with chemotherapy can improve survival and inhibit tumor growth in cancer-bearing animal models. The anticancer effect of moxibustion is associated with alleviating the tumor immunosuppressive and vascular microenvironments. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of moxibustion may originate from the heat and radiation produced during the combustion process on acupoints or lesions. This evidence provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of moxibustion in anticancer treatment and reducing the side effects of cancer therapies and helps promote the precise application of moxibustion in cancer treatment.

Initial observations on sexual dysfunction as a symptom of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Peripheral neuropathy (PNP) in feet and/or hands and sexual dysfunction are common side effects of cancer therapies. In patients with other diseases, there is evidence of an association between peripheral nervous system disorders and sexual dysfunction due to the impact of impaired neuronal control on genital organ sensitivity. In cancer patient interviews, it has now been observed that PNP and sexual dysfunction may be related. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential association between PNP, sexual dysfunction, and physical activity behavior. Ninety-three patients with PNP of the feet and/or hands were interviewed in August/September 2020 in a cross-sectional study regarding medical history, sexual dysfunction and functionality of the genital organs. Thirty-one persons who participated in the survey provided seventeen evaluable questionnaires (four men, thirteen women). Nine women (69%) and three men (75%) reported sensory disorders of the genital organs. Three men (75%) had erectile dysfunction. All men who had sensory symptoms of the genital organs received chemotherapy, and one man also received immunotherapy. Eight women were sexually active. Five (63%) of them reported genital organ symptoms and mainly lubrication disorders. Four (80%) of the five sexually inactive women reported genital organ symptoms. Eight of the nine women with sensory symptoms of the genital organs received chemotherapy, and one woman received immunotherapy. Our limited data suggest genital organ sensory symptoms in chemotherapy and immunotherapy patients. Genital organ symptoms do not appear to be directly related to sexual dysfunction, and the association between PNP and genital organ symptoms appears to be more pronounced in sexually inactive women. Chemotherapy could cause sensory symptoms of the genital organs and sexual dysfunction by damaging genital organ nerve fibers. Chemotherapy and anti-hormone therapy (AHT) could trigger a disturbance of the hormone balance, which in turn could be causative for sexual dysfunction. It remains open whether the cause of these disorders is the symptomatology of the genital organs or the altered hormone balance. The significance of the results is limited due to the small number of cases. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in cancer patients and allows a better understanding of the association between PNP, sensory symptoms of the genital organs, and sexual dysfunction. In order to be able to narrow down the cause of these initial observations in cancer patients more precisely, larger studies are needed that can relate the influence of cancer therapy-induced PNP, physical activity level and hormone balance to sensory symptoms of the genital organs and sexual dysfunction. The methodology of further studies should take into account the frequent problem of low response rates in surveys on sexuality.

Oral mucositis, a common side-effect of cancer therapy and the role of machine learning

Oral mucositis, a common side-effect of cancer therapy and the role of machine learning

Abstract B116: Cognitive performance and cognitive decline following cancer among middle-aged and older adults in the study of Latinos-investigation of neurocognitive aging and HCHS/SOL

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a frequently reported side-effect of cancer therapies affecting attention, concentration, memory, and executive function. However, the long-term impacts of cancer and its treatments on cognitive function and cognitive decline in Hispanics/Latinos is unknown. Herein, we examined the associations between a self-reported history of cancer and cognitive test performance cross-sectionally and longitudinally among middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS: Participants included 9,639 Hispanic/Latino adults [mean age=56.4 (SE=0.14); 54.7% female] of diverse backgrounds [30.8% Mexican, 27.2% Cuban, and 18.1% Puerto Rican; 10.0% Central American; 9.0% Dominican; and 7% South American] from the population-based, prospective, multi-site Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. At enrollment in 2008-2011 (Visit 1), participants self-reported their history of cancer (yes/no) and cancer site(s). Cognitive function was assessed at Visit 1 and again at a 7-year follow-up assessment (Visit 2) using the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (BSEVLT-Sum, episodic learning; and BSEVLT-Recall, memory), the Word Fluency Test (WF, verbal fluency), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS, processing speed and executive functioning) via the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). Changes in cognitive test performance were calculated using survey linear regression models predicting cognitive performance at Visit 2 as a function of Visit 1 cognitive performance with adjustment for time between assessments. Test scores/changes in tests scores were standardized and averaged as composites of global cognition/cognitive change. We used survey linear regression models to estimate the adjusted associations between history of cancer and baseline and longitudinal cognitive test performance. We examined these associations overall and by sex and for the most prevalent sex-specific cancers [i.e., cervical (n=121), breast (n=115), uterine (n=67), and prostate (n=48) cancers]. RESULTS: Cross-sectionally, a history of cancer (n=546) versus no history of cancer (n=9,093) was associated with higher WF scores (β=0.13, SE=0.06; P=0.03) and global cognition (β=0.08, SE=0.04; P=0.06) among all participants overall. Among men, but not among women, a history of cancer was associated with longitudinal increases in SEVLT-Sum (β=0.29, SE=0.14; P=0.04; PInteraction=0.04), and SEVLT-Recall (β=0.36, SE=0.15; P=0.02; PInteraction=0.01) scores. Among women, a history of cervical cancer was associated with longitudinal decreases in SEVLT-Recall scores (β=-0.30, SE=0.13; P=0.03) and among men, a history of prostate cancer was associated with higher baseline WF scores (β=0.29, SE=0.12; P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Cancer or its treatments may influence long-term cognition among Hispanics/Latino cancer survivors. The potential impacts of cancer or cancer treatment on cognition may vary by sex or cancer type. Citation Format: Humberto Parada Jr., Margaret Pichardo, Linda C. Gallo, Frank J. Penedo, David J. Lee, Gregory A. Talavera, Hector M. Gonzalez. Cognitive performance and cognitive decline following cancer among middle-aged and older adults in the study of Latinos-investigation of neurocognitive aging and HCHS/SOL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B116.

Critical Analysis and Applicability of Imaging Methods in Monitoring and Diagnosing Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Cancer

Cardio-oncology is a subspecialty of cardiology that has become necessary as a consequence of the favorable impact of cancer treatment, which increases patients’ survival rates, but makes them more prone to the cardiovascular side effects of cancer therapies in the short and long term. The presence of predisposing factors such as pre-existing cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, genetic predisposition, previous antineoplastic therapies, and increased patient age is associated with a higher risk of cardiotoxicity in cancer treatment and may [...]