Minimal Side Effects Research Articles

Pectin nanoparticles loaded with nitric oxide donor drug: A potential approach for tissue regeneration

The process of wound healing and tissue regeneration involves several key mechanisms to ensure the production of new tissues with similar cellular functions. This study investigates the impact of pectin, a natural polysaccharide, and nebivolol hydrochloride (NBV), a nitric oxide (NO) donor drug, on wound healing. Utilizing ionotropic gelation, NBV-loaded pectin nanoparticles were developed following a 2231 full factorial design. The optimized formulation, determined using Design expert® software, exhibited an encapsulation efficiency percentage of 70.68%, zeta potential of −51.4 mV, and a particle size of 572 nm, characterized by a spherical, discrete morphology. An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimal formulation in wound healing compared to various controls. The results demonstrated the enhanced ability of the optimal formulation to accelerate wound healing. Moreover, histopathological examination further confirmed the formulation's benefits in tissue proliferation and collagen deposition at the wound site 15 days post-injury. This suggests that the developed formulation not only promotes faster healing but does so with minimal side effects, positioning it as a promising agent for effective wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Asenapine versus other atycipal antipsychotics for schizoaffective disorder Case study

IntroductionAntipsychotics are psyschotropic medications that are indicated for the treatment of physchosis and mood disorders. Due to minimal side effects and their efficacy (affecting many receptors) compared to standard antipsychotics, today atypical antipsychotics are being used more and more as first-line treatment.The aim of this study is to show the efficacy of asenapine and its tolerability as opposed to other atypical antipsychotics.Objectives1.What are the side effects identified?2.Side effects and efficacy of asenapine vs other atypical antipsychotics? Methods It is a comparative, regular, clinical study, an examination case of a 53-year old female diagnosed with Schizoaffective Disorder 27 years ago and treated outside of hospital with atypical antipsychotics, such as: risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, amisulpride. The study covers the timespan of 2010-2022.ResultsThe results showed that asenapine sublingual 15 mg had fewer side effects than other atypical antipsychotics. They were mouth dryness, headache, fatigue.The other atypical antipsychotics caused: metabolic disorders, like considerable weight gain, cholesterol and glycaemia increase, extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia.Asenapine sublingual 15 mg was not as effective in treating Schyzoaffective Disorder as risperdal 5mg, olanzapine 15 mg, aripiprazole 20 mg, amisulpride 600 mg.The efficacy of asenapine sublingual 15mg was the same as quetiapine 400 mg.ConclusionsThis study showed that asenapine has minimal side effects but its efficacy in treating Schyzoaffective Disorder as monotherapy is lower than other atypical antipsychotics.Key wordsantipsychotics, schyzoaffective disorder, side effects, efficacyDisclosure of InterestNone Declared

166 Radiation Therapy and IRreversible Electroporation (RTIRE) for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Prostate cancer treatment is associated with significant genitourinary side effects. There is a critical need for treatment with decreased morbidity. We report the development of a novel treatment paradigm combining irreversible electroporation and lower dose radiation to provide prostate cancer patients with a less morbid treatment. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Intermediate risk prostate cancer patients will undergo focal irreversible electroporation followed by low dose, whole gland radiation therapy. The primary endpoint is freedom from clinically significant cancer on biopsy at 12-month follow up. Secondary endpoints include safety profile, oncologic efficacy, effectiveness of RT and need for secondary treatment. This trial (NCT05345444) and currently actively recruiting patients after initial feasibility trial. Sample size is calculated to detect an increase in the proportion of patients who are cancer free at 1-year, from 0.80 to 0.95. An exact binomial test with a 10% one-sided significance level will have 94.3% power to detect the difference between the null and alternative hypothesis when the sample size is 42. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This is a clinical trial in progress. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Combined irreversible electroporation (IRE) and a lower dose radiotherapy (RTIRE) may provide prostate cancer patients a treatment with minimal side effects.

Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) for thetreatment of vascular and pigmented lesions.

IPL devices emit a wide range of wavelengths that can be absorbed by different chromophores in the skin. Selective destruction of a specific chromophore with minimal side effects is controlled by wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence. This study aims to evaluate the treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions using narrow-band Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) with Advanced Fluorescence Technology (AFT), which offers more efficient energy usage per pulse to increase safety, and improve clinical outcomes. A retrospective analysis of data from 100 patients treated with narrow-band IPL for vascular and pigmented lesions. Efficacy was measured by the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Patient Satisfaction Scale (0-10). Safety was assessed by evaluating pain levels and adverse events. Mean GAIS scores were 8.02 ± 0.84 for vascular and 8.14 ± 0.9 for pigmented lesions with no significant difference between groups (p=0.49, α=0.05). Patient satisfaction correlated with GAIS scores (correlation coefficient 0.8). No pain was reported and two patients experienced temporary and transient side effects. Overall, the advanced IPL treatments provided favorable outcomes for vascular and pigmented lesions.

Fluoroquinolone and enoxacin molecules are potential urease inhibitors for treating ureolytic bacterial infections

Urease, a nickel-dependent metalloenzyme, has emerged as a significant therapeutic target due to its role in promoting the pathogenesis of various human health conditions. These include the development of pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, peptic ulcers, hepatic encephalopathy, and gastric ulcers. The currently available treatment involved the usage of strong antibiotics along with proton pump inhibitors to cope with the infection of urease producing bacteria. These conventional treatments are becoming less effective as bacteria are gaining multiple drug resistance. Therefore, there is a crucial need to identify alternative compounds with potential anti-urease activity and minimal side effects. Fluoroquinolones and Enoxacin derivatives offer antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-urease activities. To improve the chemical diversity of urease inhibitors, different series of fluoroquinolones and Enoxacin derivatives were evaluated against urease and their antioxidant activity was also evaluated. To achieve this objective, in-silico studies were conducted utilizing molecular docking and adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology (ADMET) models. These analyses were employed to explore potential binding mechanisms and assess the drug-likeness of the compounds against urease enzymes. The inhibitory effect of docked heterocyclic compounds was also verified in-vitro against urease enzyme. Fluoroquinolones derivatives were found to be active inhibitors at high dose levels but showed minimum inhibition at low concentration. The compound EN from the Enoxacin series exhibited the highest potency as a urease inhibitor, with an IC50 of 45.86 μM, out-performing the standard drug thiourea, which had an IC50 of 52.20 μM. Additionally, compounds NOX-3 and FB-17 from the fluoroquinolone and Enoxacin series demonstrated significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 98.17 μM and 97.98 μM, respectively. These results were comparable to the positive control ascorbic acid, which had an IC50 of 48.15 μM. This study demonstrates that Enoxacin derivatives can be further analyzed as potent urease inhibitors, while both Enoxacin and fluoroquinolone derivatives can be developed into more effective drugs to overcome oxidative stress.

Identification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using graph convolutional network in electronic nose

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung dysfunction that can be triggered by exposure to chemicals. This disease can be identified with spirometry, but the patient feels uncomfortable, affecting the diagnosis results. Other disease markers are being investigated, including exhaled breath. This method can be applied easily, is non-invasive, has minimal side effects, and provides accurate results. This study applies the electronic nose method to distinguish healthy people and COPD suspects using exhaled breath samples. Twenty semiconductor gas sensors combined with machine learning algorithms were employed as an electronic nose system. Experimental results show that the frequency feature of the sensor responses used by the principal component analysis (PCA) method combined with graph convolutional network (GCN) can provide the highest accuracy value of 97.5% in distinguishing between healthy and COPD subjects. This method can improve the detection performance of electronic nose systems, which can help diagnose COPD.

Sodium Alginate Chitosan Crosslinked Hydrogel Amoxycillin Absorption Properties

ABSTRACT Wound healing refers to the replacement of destroyed or damaged tissue of a living organism by newly produced tissue, and the time taken is known as wound regeneration time. Wound care is a major challenging biomedical field due to the delayed healing process or delayed wound regeneration time. The factors responsible for delayed wound healing are poor oxygen flow, less exposure to moisture, diseases such as diabetes and cancer, etc., Wound dressings that are formulated from biopolymers such as chitosan, chitin, and cellulose have properties such as biocompatibility (compatible with living systems and does not cause any immunological rejection), biodegradable, nontoxic with minimal side effects, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory properties. Chitosan is obtained from scales of fish and shrimp. It contains highly reactive amine groups and sodium alginate, which is a polysaccharide produced from seaweed and bacteria and is biocompatible with living systems and biodegradable polysaccharides. This study is based on the development of sodium alginate crosslinked hydrogel and testing the properties of hydrogel with amoxycillin drug and water release property of the drug.

Comparison of nalbuphine and morphine as intrathecal adjuvant to 0.5% bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries – A randomized and control study

Background: The use of a higher volume of 0.5% bupivacaine, however, is associated with hemodynamic instability. Adjuvants such as morphine and other opioids are added in with the local anesthetic to reduce this adverse effect and extend the duration of sensory block, hence extending the length of analgesia. However, opiates are associated with a high risk of respiratory depression and other side effects. Nalbuphine has been used to counteract these adverse effects. Thus, we decided to compare the analgesic effect of intrathecal (IT) nalbuphine with IT morphine. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare IT morphine with nalbuphine as adjuvant to a spinal anesthetic agent. The primary objective was to compare between the time of onset of sensory and motor blockade and the post-operative analgesic duration between the two adjuvants, while hemodynamic variables and side effects were studied as secondary variables. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted after Ethical Committee approval for a period of 1 year on 100 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were randomized into two groups to receive sub-arachnoid block: Group A: 3 mL of 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 0.2 mg morphine and Group B:3 mL of 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 0.5 mg nalbuphine. The following parameters were monitored – Height, Weight, blood pressure, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading, time of onset, maximum duration and regression of Motor and sensory blocks, and total duration of analgesia. Results: The onset of sensory blockade was comparable in both groups while the onset of motor blockade was significantly longer in the morphine group (P≤0.001). The duration of analgesia in the morphine group was longer as compared to nalbuphine group and was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of side effects was 26% in the morphine group and 6% in the nalbuphine group, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Fourteen patients in the morphine group had pruritus and four patients in the nalbuphine group experienced nausea. Conclusion: IT nalbuphine with 0.5% bupivacaine produces rapid onset of anesthesia and early post-operative analgesia with minimal side effects, but the total analgesic duration was more with IT morphine.

Carbon Dots an Integrative Nanostructure for Fluorescent Bio-imaging, Targeted Delivery of Medication and Phototherapy in Malignancy: A Review

Background: Silent onset and metastasis in tissues make cancer the most devastating illness globally. Monitoring the growth of the tumour and delivering drugs to specific tissues are some of the major issues associated with treatment. However, with an improved understanding of tumour microenvironments and advancements in nanocarriers of drugs, novel nano-targeting pathways that can be utilised by nanocarriers have been developed. Carbon Dots, with their tiny size and outstanding physicochemical features, are an emerging category of carbon nanostructures that have attracted a lot of curiosity. Objective: Multitudinous attempts and extensive studies have been undertaken by many researchers regarding the synthesis of Carbon Dots and their applications in various fields. These studies have explained that the synthesised Carbon Dots have versatile surface functionalities, high luminescence, and excellent biocompatibility. This article focuses on recent developments in synthesis approaches, carbon precursors used, and applications of Carbon Dots, specifically within the biomedical field, with a particular focus on cancer. Results: Carbon dots synthesised from a variety of precursors can act as prominent candidates for bioimaging and drug carriers and are used in cancer phototherapy. In this article, Carbon Dots are summarised based on their bright luminescent properties, distinct structure, drug loading capacity, and near-infrared (NIR) emission. Conclusion: Carbon dots, employed as tumour theranostics, can serve as an alternative to synthetic fluorescent dyes. They fulfil the role of bioimaging agents and facilitate the precise delivery of drugs to cancer cells. Additionally, they exhibit excellence as phototherapeutic agents, featuring high nearinfrared (NIR) emission and minimal side effects.

Novel N-(3-ethynyl Phenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)Quinazoline-4-amine Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-cancer Activity, In-silico and DFT Studies.

Cancer is one of the most common reasons for mortality in the world. A continuous effort to develop effective anti-cancer drugs with minimum side effects has become necessary. The use of small-molecule drugs has revolutionized cancer research by inhibiting cancer cell survival and proliferation. Quinazolines are a class of bioactive heterocyclic compounds with active pharmacophores in several anti-cancer drugs. Such small molecule inhibitors obstruct the significant signals responsible for cancer cell development, thus blocking these cell signals to prevent cancer development and spread. In the current study, novel quinazoline derivatives structurally similar to erlotinib were synthesized and explored as novel anti-cancer agents. All the synthesized molecules were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. Various techniques were applied to study the protein-drug interaction, DFT analysis, Hirshfeld surface, and target prediction. The molecules were screened in vitro for their anti-cancer properties against 60 human tumor cell lines. The growth inhibitory properties of a few compounds were studied against the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. The activity of compounds 9f, 9o, and 9s were found to be active. However, compound 9f is more active when compared with other compounds. Some synthesized compounds were active against different cancer cell lines. The in-vitro study results were found to be in agreement with the predictions from in-silico data. The selected molecules were further subjected to get the possible mechanism of action against different cancer cells.

Investigation of Cytotoxic, Antimetastatic and Apoptotic Activities of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Extracts: Comparison with MCF-7 and MCF-12A Cells

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an important medicinal plant due to its composition of several bioactive substances, high antioxidant activity, rich inulin content and produces functional food ingredients. Complementary alternative medicine therapies become more popular for cancer treatments because of higher efficiency, lower cost and minimum side effects. This study reported anti-cancer efficiency of both shell and tuber extract of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) on different breast cell lines with the purpose of discovering new alternative medicine therapies. Cytotoxic effects of JA were evaluated by XTT method by using different concentrations on different incubation times (24h, 48h and 72h). Invasion, adhesion and apoptotic studies were performed with IC50 values for 48h and 72h. JA extracts do not show cytotoxic activity on healthy human breast cell, while they induce tumoral cell death with dose and time-dependent manner. The most effective doses of tuber and shell extracts were 108.8 µM and 134.2 µM at 48h and 20 µM ve 5 µM at 72h, respectively. It demonstrated robust anti-metastatic activity on MCF-7 cell lines because it inhibited adhesion, and invasion, significantly. TMRE and AnnexinV/7AAD staining were used for determine to mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear morphology, respectively The results were found consistent with each other. Overall, this paper which first in literature demonstrates the anti-cancer efficacy of the JA both tuber and shell extract which can be proposed as a potent candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.

Half a Decade of Intravenous Ketamine Administration: Our Observation Results and Insights regarding its safety

IntroductionKetamine, originally an anesthetic, has emerged as a potent tool in the fight against treatment-resistant depression and suicide. Clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to induce remission of severe depressive symptoms, with effects that can extend over several weeks.Furthermore, research highlights Ketamine’s potential to rapidly reduce suicidal ideation. This suggests Ketamine’s role as an intervention in suicide prevention, especially when conventional treatments prove ineffective. While isolated cases report severe respiratory depression, primarily when combined with other medications, most incidents involve temporary apneic episodes following high-dose intravenous administration. Understanding Ketamine’s safety profile is vital for its clinical optimization and ensuring patient well-being during useObjectivesThis presentation serves to describe, and evaluate our clinic’s safety protocol implemented for intravenous (IV) Ketamine infusions at the General Hospital of Corfu. Our primary goal is to rigorously assess the safety and tolerability of IV Ketamine in a clinical settingMethodsPatients must meet stringent criteria:-Exclude those over 70.-MMSE score above 25.-Controlled blood pressure.-No cardiac insufficiency, myocardial ischemia, or high intraocular/intracranial pressure.-Absence of thyrotoxicosis, psychosis, or seizures.Pre-infusion comprehensive evaluation:-Includes ECG, blood biochemistry studies, and frequent blood pressure checks.-Requires a 2-hour fast.Ketamine infusion:-IV Ketamine administered at 0.5mg/kg in 100ml N/S.-Continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation (PO2) and cardiac rhythm.-Blood pressure checks every 15 minutes.Treatment typically involves 7 sessions over a span of a month, with an initial test dose of 0.25 mg/kg.ResultsKetamine infusions were administered to a total of 208 patients. The majority of participants experienced a slight increase in blood pressure, while there were no significant changes in cardiac rhythm. Additionally, almost all patients reported experiencing dizziness or headaches during the infusion. Notably, nearly half of the patients reported an alteration in taste perception as a side effect. It’s important to highlight that all observed side effects, spontaneously resolved within an hour after the conclusion of the infusion. However, in a small subset of cases (six instances), the side effects were severe enough to necessitate the premature termination of the ketamine infusionConclusions Although ketamine demonstrates a favorable safety profile with minimal major side effects when administered following our established safety protocol. However, we want to underscore the critical importance of vigilant patient monitoring during ketamine administration and the prompt addressing of any adverse effects. This proactive approach is paramount to ensure the safety and overall well-being of patients receiving ketamine treatmentDisclosure of InterestNone Declared

Current approaches in smart nano-inspired drug delivery: A narrative review.

The traditional drug delivery approach involves systemic administration of a drug that could be nonspecific in targeting, low on efficacy, and with severe side-effects. To address such challenges, the field of smart drug delivery has emerged aiming at designing and developing delivery systems that can target specific cells, tissues, and organs and have minimal off-target side-effects. A literature search was done to collate papers and reports about the currently available various strategies for smart nano-inspired drug delivery. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Based on selection criteria, the most pertinent and recent items were included. Smart drug delivery is a cutting-edge revolutionary intervention in modern medicines to ensure effective and safe administration of therapeutics to target sites. These hold great promise for targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents to improve the efficacy with reduced side-effects as compared to the conventional drug delivery approaches. Current smart drug delivery approaches include nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and hydrogels, each with its own advantages and limitations. The success of these delivery systems lies in engineering and designing them, and optimizing their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties. Development of drug delivery systems that can get beyond various physiological and clinical barriers, as observed in conventionally administered chemotherapeutics, has been possible through recent advancements. Using multifunctional targeting methodologies, smart drug delivery tries to localize therapy to the target location, reduces cytotoxicity, and improves the therapeutic index. Rapid advancements in research and development in smart drug delivery provide wider and more promising avenues to guarantee a better healthcare system, improve patient outcomes, and achieve higher levels of effective medical interventions like personalized medicine.

Ultrasound inhibits tumor growth and selectively eliminates malignant brain tumor in vivo

AbstractGlioma is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Despite progress in therapeutic approaches, the median survival of patients with glioma remains less than 2 years, generating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Ultrasound (US) is widely used in medical fields and is used as a therapeutic tool mainly for improving the performance of therapeutic entities. In this study, we examined a novel approach using low frequency US (20 kHz) (LFUS) as an independent treatment tool for malignant glioma, since primary studies showed that cancer cells are more susceptible to LFUS than healthy cells. LFUS safety and efficacy were examined in a 9L gliosarcoma‐bearing female Fischer 344 rats. Two LFUS protocols were examined: a one‐time treatment (US1X), and two treatments 24 h apart (US2X). For safety evaluation, rats were monitored for weight change and pain measurements. For efficacy, tumor volume was measured as a function of time and the tumor structural chances were examined histopathologically. LFUS treatment showed rapid inhibition of tumor growth, seen as soon as 12 h after US application. In addition, LFUS was found to affect the tumor structure, which was more extensive (>60% of tumor area) in smaller tumors. In US2X, the tumor tissue was completely destroyed, and an extensive immune response was observed. Importantly, the treatment was highly selective, keeping the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor unharmed. We developed a highly efficient and selective therapeutic protocol for treating malignant glioma with minimal side effects based solely on LFUS.

Daya Hambat Ekstrak Buah Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection of the superficial epithelium of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of Candida species. Effective therapy for oral candidiasis is nystatin. However, this drug has a variety of side effects. Therefore, natural therapeutic agent with minimal side effects is needed to be safe in long-term use. Okra fruit contains active ingredients that can be used as an antifungal agent. Aims to prove the ability of okra fruit extract and analyze the optimal concentration of okra fruit extract in inhibitting the growth of C. albicans. The antifungal activity test was carried out using the disk diffusion method. The research sample was divided into six groups, namely K (+) (nystatin), K (-) (DMSO 10%), and okra fruit extract with concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% obtained through the maceration process. Each research group was taken with a micropipette and then dripped on a paper disk. Paper disks were placed and distributed evenly on the surface of Saboroud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media that had been inoculated with C. albicans then incubated for 48 hours. The results showed the formation of a clear area around the paper disk that has been dropped with concentrations of 100%, 75%, and 50% of okra fruit extract. Okra fruit extract had an inhibitory effect on the growth of C. albicans and 100% concentration of okra fruit extract had the optimal ability to inhibit the growth of C. albicans.

AN AYURVEDIC METHODOLOGY FOR MANAGING DIABETIC DYSLIPIDEMIA - A CASE REPORT

Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride levels, decreased HDL cholesterol levels, and an increase in small dense LDL-cholesterol particles. These lipid alterations in diabetes are linked to heightened free fatty acid flux due to insulin resistance. With the availability of various lipid-lowering medications and supplements, patients now have more options to reach target lipid levels. Lipid-lowering therapies in modern medicine, such as statins and fibrates, are generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects. However, these treatments often necessitate lifelong usage, which can impose significant financial strain, particularly in developing countries like India.In Ayurveda, dyslipidemia is understood as the manifestation of an imbalance in the Medovahasrotas.Dyslipidemia manifests as the consequent output of Medovahasrotodushti. A 31-year-old male patient presented with complaints of pain in calf muscles and weight gain. Upon investigation, his total cholesterol level was found to be elevated at 211 mg/dl, and triglycerides were elevated to 683.80 mg/dl. Giloykwath along with arjunkwath, Madhunashinivati extra power, Tablet lipidom, and Tablet Madhugrit were administered for the shaman therapy. Upon completion of the treatment, significant improvements were observed in the patients complaints. Additionally, a significant improvement was noted in the Lipid Profile.

An Overview of Self Nano-emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution for Anti-cancer Drugs

The current review aims to explore recently identified chemical compounds, particularly focusing on the challenge posed by the poor water solubility of many existing drug molecules. This limitation significantly affects the successful development and marketability of new pharmaceuticals, as the dissolution phase often becomes the bottleneck in the process. Crafting formulations becomes crucial in enhancing the absorption and, consequently, the oral effectiveness of these drug prospects. Given the prevalence of various diseases such as cancer, AIDS, HIV, and chronic inflammation among humans, optimizing drug delivery methods becomes pivotal to achieving maximum therapeutic benefits with minimal side effects. Innovative drug delivery systems like self-nano-emulsion are introduced, offering protective measures for medications, augmenting their characteristics, and elevating solubility and bioavailability. Furthermore, this study aims to enhance the chemical and physical stability of these compounds during extended periods of storage. Ultimately, this research endeavours to provide insights into the efficacy of self-nano-emulsion in enhancing solubility and bioavailability, thereby aiding researchers in comprehending its potential applications.

Anti-gouty arthritis and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin nanoparticles in monosodium urate crystals induced Balb/C mice.

Gout is a metabolic condition characterized by the accumulation of urate crystals in the synovial joints. These crystal depositions result in joint swelling and increased concentration of serum uric acid in blood. The commercially available drugs lower serum uric acid levels and reduce inflammation, but these standard therapies have many side effects.This study aimed to investigate anti-gout and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs). For this purpose, CNPs were prepared by dissolving curcumin into dichloromethane. Then, gout was induced by injecting monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in the ankle joint and in the intra-peritoneal cavity which caused ankle swelling and increased blood uric acid levels. CNPs in different concentrations (5, 10, and 20ppm) and allopurinol were orally administered. The MSU crystals increased the xanthine oxidase levels both in serum and the liver. Moreover, MSU crystals increased the serum levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, liver function tests markers, renal function tests markers, and lipid profiles. However, the administration of CNPs decreased the levels of all these variables. CNPs increased the serum high-density lipoprotein and interleukin-10 levels. Moreover, CNPs also reduced ankle swelling significantly. Hence, the levels ofxanthine oxidase, uric acid and ankle swelling were reduced significantly by oral administration of CNPs. Our findingsindicate that CNPs through their anti-inflammatory properties significantly alleviate gouty arthritis. Thus, the study concluded that CNPs can be developed as an efficient anti-gout agent with minimal side effects.

Features of Oral Cavity Treatment for Acute Respiratory Viral Infections

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), particularly coronavirus disease (COVID-19), have become a global health concern. As a result, we examined the pathological processes in the oral cavity associated with ARVI. In acute respiratory viral infections, viral damage to the epithelium, swelling and redness in the soft palate, hypersecretion of glands, looseness and granularity of the oral mucosa are noted. Inadequate treatment of ARVI, as well as deterioration of the general condition of the body, leads to the development of many diseases of the oral cavity. Our task was to find alternative treatment methods that cause a minimum of side effects on the body, have low toxicity, do not cause allergic reactions, are well tolerated by patients of all ages, and also have the maximum positive effect. An undoubted alternative to antibacterial agents is herbal remedies. For this purpose, modern literature included in Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, Google Scholar was studied.

Recent Advancements in the Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Cancer Therapeutics: A Review

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained significant attention in recent years as efficient cancer therapeutics owing to their uniform porosity, biocompatibility, diversified structures and stability in the biological medium. This review aimed to explore different synthetic strategies to obtain COFs for biomedical applications. Several synthetic procedures viz. solvothermal synthesis, ionothermal synthesis, microwave synthesis, mechanochemical synthesis, sonochemical synthesis have discussed been in terms of their applications in cancer therapy. The cancer therapeutics involves cancer drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photo thermal therapy (PTT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In some instances, single therapeutics treatments appear as inadequate effect and thus necessitate combination therapies for effective cancer termination with minimal side effects. The current study covers all the main synthetic techniques and uses of COFs in various cancer therapeutic treatments.