Sick Dog Research Articles

Human Rabies: An Exceptionnal Fatal Case Report with Unusauall Manifestations Associated to Encephalitis

Human rabies is considered by the World Health Organization as a public health problem in several developing countries of the world, including Morocco. Diagnostic tools do not make it possible to detect the virus before the disease phase and the prognosis remains fatal once established. The clinical signs of rapidly progressive acute encephalitis in the context of post-exposure to a bite from a sick dog or other animal help guide the diagnosis. Furthermore, the diagnosis can be difficult if the bite is not mentioned or looked for or dates back several months to the illness and also if the clinical presentation is not suggestive. We report a unusuall clinical case who had an atypical presentation with multiple organ symptoms associated to encephalitis.

Tularemia From Veterinary Occupational Exposure.

Tularemia is a disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious bacteria that can be transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals. Because of the potential for zoonotic transmission of F. tularensis, veterinary occupational risk is a concern. Here, we report on a human case of tularemia in a veterinarian after an accidental needlestick injury during abscess drainage in a sick dog. The veterinarian developed ulceroglandular tularemia requiring hospitalization but fully recovered after abscess drainage and a course of effective antibiotics. To systematically assess veterinary occupational transmission risk of F. tularensis, we conducted a survey of veterinary clinical staff after occupational exposure to animals with confirmed tularemia. We defined a high-risk exposure as direct contact to the infected animal's body fluids or potential aerosol inhalation without use of standard personal protective equipment (PPE). Survey data included information on 20 veterinary occupational exposures to animals with F. tularensis in 4 states. Veterinarians were the clinical staff most often exposed (40%), followed by veterinarian technicians and assistants (30% and 20%, respectively). Exposures to infected cats were most common (80%). Standard PPE was not used during 80% of exposures; a total of 7 exposures were categorized as high risk. Transmission of F. tularensis in the veterinary clinical setting is possible but overall risk is likely low. Veterinary clinical staff should use standard PPE and employ environmental precautions when handling sick animals to minimize risk of tularemia and other zoonotic infections; postexposure prophylaxis should be considered after high-risk exposures to animals with suspected or confirmed F. tularensis infection to prevent tularemia.

Rabies proteins functions and future directions

The rabies virus, which mostly originates from the bite of a sick dog or cat and spreads, kills tens of thousands of people each year, and it is super lethal, with almost no one surviving the infection, s so, everyone is afraid of it. The main body of the rabies virus is bullet-shaped, and each combination of proteins in it is an innate destroyer. From the destruction of cells by the G and M proteins to the transcription of the P and L proteins in concert with each other, the precision, and division of labor of the rabies virus are obvious. Of these, the L protein is the key to the operation of everything, and this paper will explore the destruction of each protein, thereby stopping the spread of RABV. In particular, the possibility that the L protein, unlike rabies vaccines currently on the market, might be a future drug design idea by destroying the structure of RABV after the virus enters the cell. Keywords: Rabies, RABV, Protein Matching, L protein.

Proliferative papulo‐nodular glossitis due to Leishmania infantum in a dog

AbstractCanine leishmaniosis, caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, is an endemic vector‐borne disease in Europe. From a diagnostic point of view, the disease can sometimes be a real challenge for the clinician, due to the variability of clinical presentations in a sick dog. These clinical signs can be classified, based on the frequency of presentation, in typical and atypical signs. In dogs is common to find different clinical presentations of cutaneous disease and systemic involvement, while clinical presentations in mucosa are not so common. A 6‐year‐old, entire, male German shepherd crossbred dog was examined for evident nodular lesions on the tongue. The most important laboratory alteration detected was hyperglobulinemia with an increase in the gamma fraction classified as polyclonal gammopathy. High anti‐Leishmania antibodies were detected by ELISA. Tongue biopsy samples were obtained from the lesions with the presence of a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate characterised by macrophages and neutrophils with no compatible forms of Leishmania parasites. However, the presence of Leishmania amastigotes was confirmed by specific immunohistochemistry. A good clinical response to the anti‐Leishmania based on meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol was observed after meglumine antimoniate administration. This clinical case describes the presentation of proliferative papulo‐nodular glossitis in an L. infantum‐positive dog as the most evident clinical finding reported.

Plague Gives Surprises in the Second Decade of the Twenty-First Century.

From 2010 through 2019, the six leading countries by numbers of human plague cases reported to the WHO were, in order from highest to lowest, Madagascar, Congo, Uganda, Peru, Tanzania, and the United States. From these countries, there was a total of 4,547 cases, of whom 786 (17%) died. Top plague events were four outbreaks of primary pneumonic plague in Madagascar that affected 1,936 persons, including index cases, of whom 137 died. One of the outbreaks was caused by a streptomycin-resistant strain of Yersinia pestis. Person-to-person transmission occurred in a taxi, in households with family caregivers, at burial ceremonies and wakes for victims, and at a hospital where cases were treated. Unique clinical presentations in the United States included a dog owner who acquired pneumonic plague from his sick dog, a boy with septicemic plague who developed complications of osteomyelitis and arthritis that required surgery for bone removal and bone grafting, and a prairie dog handler who acquired bubonic plague from a bite by a sick prairie dog. Efficacy of antibiotics in a model of pneumonic plague in African green monkeys for use in bioterrorism revealed the most effective drugs to be gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. A recombinant vaccine containing Fraction 1 antigen and V antigen of Y. pestis designed for first responders during a bioterrorism attack and military personnel was tested for safety and immunogenicity but was not licensed for use by the end of the decade.

Nosocomial Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Companion Animals, Japan, 2022.

In Japan, 2 cats that underwent surgery in a room where a sick dog had been euthanized became ill within 9 days of surgery. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was detected in all 3 animals; nucleotide sequence identity was 100%. Suspected cause was an uncleaned pulse oximeter probe used for all patients.

A Patient with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Infected from a Sick Dog with SFTS Virus Infection.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by Dabie bandavirus (formerly SFTS virus, SFTSV), which belongs to the Bandavirus genus (formerly Phlebovirus genus) of the Phenuiviridae family (formerly Bunyaviridae family), is a tick-borne novel bunyavirus infection with high rates of mortality. SFTSV infection was diagnosed virologically in a 4-year-old dog with symptoms of lethargy and anorexia in western Japan in June 2017. The dog's owner, a man in his 40s, had taken care of the sick dog and became sick 10 days after disease onset in the dog, showing symptoms, such as fever, arthralgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Total blood cell counts revealed leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. He was treated as an outpatient. He had no scars suggesting that he had not been bitten by ticks. He was diagnosed as having SFTS via the detection of IgM and neutralizing antibodies to SFTSV. The patient was directly infected with SFTSV from the SFTSV-infected dog. In conclusion, humans can be at a risk of SFTSV infection through direct contact with sick dogs infected with SFTSV.

A Zoonosis without Fever

Introdution: Zoonosis are infectious diseases transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans under natural conditions. The infectious agents involved include bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and rickettsia, among others. Case Presentation:A 13 year-old female teenager, presented with frequent epistaxis, pale mucosae and palpable hepatosplenomegaly on examination and history of contact with a neighbor's sick dog. Laboratory tests showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, mild hepatic dysfunction and negative serologies. Abdominal ultrasound showed moderate hepatosplenomegaly.Normal myelogram, bone marrow aspirate with positive leishmania PCR and peripheral blood positive leishmania IgM/IgG (ELISA), with negative leishmania PCR.Therapy with liposomal amphotericin B was iniciated, with progressive clinical and analytical improvement. Conclusion: Visceral Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease, caused by infection with Leishmania parasites. Human and animal reservoirs are key elements in the transmission chain.

Prevalence of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in Healthy and Sick Cat and Dog Populations in Poland

Prevalence of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in Healthy and Sick Cat and Dog Populations in Poland

Canine victim-sentinel-reservoir triad in Visceral Leishmaniasis Dogs triple role in leishmaniosis

The aim of this review is to reinforce the canine reservoir-victim-sentinel triad in the LV and to argue that the LV Prevention and Control Program should change the focus on eliminating the “best friend of man” to protect the ecosystem, taking into account the three epidemiological pillars, parasite-vector-host, and ethical aspects. Therefore, epidemiological aspects related to Visceral Leishmaniasis (LV) and Canine Visceral Leishmania (LVC) were initially addressed. Subsequently, a reflection on the role of the dog in this context, considered as the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum in the urban environment, was carried out aiming at understanding measures such as euthanasia, in the case of positive animals; the maintenance of the sick dog in the family (victim of the parasite) and the use of these animals as sentinels for the detection of LV and LVC. Finally, it is concluded that LVC is a problem that afflicts the Brazilian multispecies family, affecting humans and dogs. The methods of control and surveillance for VL implemented in Brazil are still inefficient and outdated, disregarding the dog as a member of the family and treating it only as a reservoir host. Therefore, a reform in the Control and Surveillance Program that includes One Health in the way of dealing with leishmaniasis: hosts, vectors and parasites, within the same environment, is essential to direct resources in efficient measures, with the dog being used as sentinel of the LV.

Characterization and Comparison of Enterococcus spp. Isolates from Feces of Healthy Dogs and Urine of Dogs with UTIs.

Simple SummaryInfections caused by Enterococcus spp. represent a serious threat to human and animal health due to difficulties in treatment. Indeed, these bacteria are a very able “trafficker” of antimicrobial resistance genes and for this reason they are often resistant to many antimicrobials. In this study we explored the role of pet dogs as possible carriers and targets of antimicrobial resistant and virulent enterococci. Isolates collected from feces of healthy animals and urine of dogs suffering with UTIs were characterized and compared. Strains resulted as resistant to many of the antimicrobials tested and almost of them were multidrug-resistant. Diffuse resistance was recorded for compounds routinely employed in human and pet therapy. Genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance were widely detected. E. faecalis and E. faecium resulted as equally distributed in stool samples, while E. faecalis prevailed among UTI isolates; virulence genes were more often detected in bacteria belonging to this species. Our data confirm that enterococci inhabitant of the gut flora probably represent the main source of UTI in dogs. Furthermore, healthy and sick pet dogs could be spreaders of antimicrobial and virulent enterococci, representing a possible hazard for other animals and owners.Enterococcus spp. are opportunistic pathogens of both humans and animals characterized by high resistance to antimicrobials. Dogs could be intestinal carriers or suffer from Enterococcus infections, mainly urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to analyze and compare Enterococcus spp. isolated from healthy dog stools and sick dog urine. Overall, 51 isolates (29 from stools and 22 from UTI) were characterized at species level and tested for antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and presence of resistance and virulence genes. E. faecium and E. faecalis resulted as equally distributed in stools samples, while E. faecalis predominated among UTI isolates. HLAR phenotype was detected in 47.1% isolates; 64.7% isolates were resistant to ampicillin (47.1% with a MIC ≥ 64 µg/mL). High levels of resistance were recorded for fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin 74.5%, ciprofloxacin 66.7%), clindamycin (84.3%), tetracycline (78.4%) and quinupristin–dalfopristin (78.4%). No vancomycin resistant strains were detected. All but one isolate were multidrug-resistant. Most detected resistance genes were tetM (70.5%), pbp4 (52.9%) and aph(3′)-IIIa (39.2%). All isolates were able to produce biofilm, but isolates from UTIs and belonging to E. faecalis more frequently resulted in strong biofilm producers. Most detected virulence genes were asa1 (52.9%), gelE (41.2%), cylA (37.3%) and esp (35.3%); all of them resulted as more frequently associated to E. faecalis. No particular differences emerged between isolates from feces and UTI, considering all evaluated aspects. Our results confirm pet dogs as carriers of multidrug-resistant enterococci; stool microflora could be considered as the most probable source of enterococcal UTI and E. faecalis carried by dogs seems to be more virulent than E. faecium, justifying its more frequent involvement in urinary tract infections.

104 Poster - Genetically characterizing spontaneously-occurring cancer in canines to serve as a model for human studies

Background: One of the root-causes of late-stage clinical failures is non-predictive animal models, which inadequately identify shortcomings in safety and efficacy. While induced-disease models are necessary for research and discovery it is hubris to believe that our understanding of cancer is comprehensive enough to accurately and precisely induce disease in otherwise healthy animals. The next logical fallacy, demonstrated by decades of data, is that artificial ailments in animals are predictive of actual disease in humans. Conversely, naturally-sick animals in the pet population provide a fascinating opportunity to investigate cancer therapies. Specifically, pet dogs share many of the cancer histologies and underlying mutations as their owners and present an interesting opportunity to evaluate novel therapies and combinations of therapies. Outcomes assessed can include safety and tolerability as well as efficacy. The spontaneously sick dog presents a unique learning space for the biopharma space.

Immigration Headline ], and: [ Immigration Headline ], and: “Why We’re Covering the Caravan”, and: [Immigration Headline

[ Immigration Headline ], and: [ Immigration Headline ], and: “Why We’re Covering the Caravan”, and: [Immigration Headline] Javier Zamora (bio) [ Immigration Headline ] [ byline ]puerto barrios, gt—She knew wherepower came from. How the chord madeit bright once plugged into her wall. If shereally thought about it, the outlet looked likea frightened porcelain doll, or a gringo. She knew they couldn’t keep buying gas forthe generator. Not if the price kept increasing. There must be an easier way. Soon, mijo, we will run & slide on a longwater sidewalk, somewhere where people don’tpump water from a well. ¿Will it hurt? Her kid asked. Noooo, it’s made of plastic, a soft river, likea creek, we’ll run up, & slide belly first withother kids. Woahhh. Her kid said. What a magical place. What a brightplace with lightbulbs, streetlamps, neon, &spotlights for the latest movie premiere. Aplace with fountains, fire hydrants, swimmingpools, & hot tubs. Yes, you can slide & slide even at night,under a fake moon of lights, under a bullet-proof sky. [End Page 159] [ Immigration Headline ] [ byline ]guadalajara, mx-jal—To run away fromthe hot-headed dogs, Boys & Girls climb ontop of a tree, branch by branch. They hangfrom inside a sheet, blue like their pants. One day the tree grows fast. All the treesgrow fast. The grass too. Understandable.Guadalajara is no normal place. Differentaccents. Guadalajarans eat nopales. Punctual trainstations. Air-conditioned buses. Unlike thatprevious shithole. But México is also not the place whereBoys & Girls will enroll in school, find a job,immerse in the marketplace, permanently. Concentráte vos. Ya no hablés así maje.They tell each other. Dogs barking below in their local guao-guao, órale, guao-guao, órale, singsong. Boys & Girls, come on, vámos, adapt, please.So they practice: Con-cén-tra-te. Ó-ra-le. Gu-a-o—Gu-a-o. Ó-ra-le. They sing & repeat. Sing & repeat on top oftheir trees. Until one day, they climb down toshow off their new accents. Like kneeling inchurch. Like pledging allegiance to a sick dog. [End Page 160] “Why We’re Covering the Caravan” NYT 10-30-18 readers argue President is the caravan a tacticahead of The Times . thisAmerican caravan is news . the largest memory,made up of desperate . historymore people run , tens of millions world-wide. for years, a distraught mother lost sons . , we have written flee economiccollapse, rush before , the desperation . dangerousmigrant trail . part of coverage, will almost certainly be the north , apotential traditional pattern . [End Page 161] our reporters, photographer andvideographers enable what is driving , , . , , .the caravan . another phenomenon. , repeated theme our president’s . contrary, , fairness, , matters. we are migrantsreaders , who hope there is a secret , , president a deeperimage , . , explainedfrom a political . our . [End Page 162] [Immigration Headline] [ white savior ]manhattan, ny—At the New SanctuaryCoalition, this morning, I had never heard ofthe poet Roque Dalton. I saw a small tattooon the arm of the young man I thought wasa gangster. I’m not wrong to think this, some ofthe ones whose paperwork I help translatehave been. “It’s my country’s best poet,” theteenager said. I was surprised to know he knew poetry,or loved it enough to get a tattoo. “Los eternosindocumentados,” it read. As if he knew. As if he was ready for whatcould be his future in this country. As if heknew he would soon need my help. [End Page 163] Javier Zamora Javier Zamora was born in El Salvador and migrated to the United States when he was nine. He was a 2018–2019 Radcliffe Institute Fellow at Harvard and has been granted fellowships from CantoMundo, Colgate University, the Lannan Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Poetry Foundation, and Stanford University. Unaccompanied (Copper Canyon Press, 2017) is his first collection. He lives in Harlem, where he’s working on a memoir. More info at javierzamora.net. Copyright © 2020 The Curators of the University of Missouri

Електрофорез білків крові собак з пухлинами молочної залози

Many publications are devoted to the study of proteins that are associated with the onset and progression of mammary tumors. The researchers study proteins that have a diagnostic value for determining the stage of the tumors and their types. This is necessary for early diagnosis and successful treatment. The aim of this work was to study blood proteins from canine with mammary tumors and to determine the fractions that change by the disease. The proteins were fractionated by a method of one-dimensional electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel. Sick animals with breast tumors had the increased content of γ-globulins by 37-88% (Yorkshire Terrier 4 years, Yorkshire Terrier 12 years old and mixed-breed of German Shepherd Dog 8 years old) in comparison with healthy animals (German Shepherd Dogs 2, 5 and 7 years old). Rottweiler with breast tumor (9 years) had 15% of the γ-globulins increase only. These immunoglobulins didn't change ten days after the operation. Only sick mixed-breed German Shepherd Dog had significantly increased levels of haptoglobin. This dog was also observed with the several times increase of the ceruloplasmin concentration. But sick Yorkshire Terriers and healthy animals had similar content of protein. Rottweiler also had similar ceruloplasmin concentration to healthy animals. There was observed significant increase of this fraction (from 0.14 to 5.14). in 10 days after the surgery. The content of transferrin increased (11.72), but after the surgery, it returned to normal (3.4) and didn't differ from healthy animals. Among the all sick animals only Rottweiler had lower content of albumin than healthy animals, and it didn't change 10 days after the surgery. Keywords: dogs, protein, blood, mammary tumor

Predicting caregiver burden in general veterinary clients: Contribution of companion animal clinical signs and problem behaviors

Caregiver burden, found in many clients with a chronically or terminally ill companion animal, has been linked to poorer psychosocial function in the client and greater utilization of non-billable veterinary services. To reduce client caregiver burden, its determinants must first be identified. This study examined if companion animal clinical signs and problem behaviors predict veterinary client burden within broader client- and patient-based risk factor models. Data were collected in two phases. Phase 1 included 238 companion animal owners, including those with a sick companion animal (n=119) and matched healthy controls (n=119) recruited online. Phase 2 was comprised of 602 small animal general veterinary hospital clients (n=95 with a sick dog or cat). Participants completed cross-sectional online assessments of caregiver burden, psychosocial resources (social support, active coping, self-mastery), and an item pool of companion animal clinical signs and problem behaviors.Several signs/behaviors correlated with burden, most prominently: weakness, appearing sad/depressed or anxious, appearing to have pain/discomfort, change in personality, frequent urination, and excessive sleeping/lethargy. Within patient-based risk factors, caregiver burden was predicted by frequency of the companion animal’s signs/behaviors (P<.01). Within client-based factors, potentially modifiable factors of client reaction to the animal’s signs/behaviors (P=.01), and client sense of control (P<.04) predicted burden. Understanding burden may enhance veterinarian-client communication, and is important due to potential downstream effects of client burden, such as higher workload for the veterinarian. Supporting the client’s sense of control may help alleviate burden when amelioration of the companion animal’s presentation is not feasible.

Clinical signs, treatment, and prognostic factors for dogs with histoplasmosis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis in a large sample of dogs, compare outcomes achieved with fluconazole versus itraconazole, and identify variables available at the time of diagnosis with prognostic value. DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 79 dogs with confirmed histoplasmosis evaluated at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1999 through 2015. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed and data extracted regarding clinical signs at evaluation, physical examination findings, clinical laboratory values, other diagnostic test results, treatments, and outcomes. Data were compared between antifungal agents used (fluconazole or itraconazole) and between other variables. RESULTS Various breeds were represented. Working and herding breeds had mostly disseminated histoplasmosis, and toy breeds had mostly the gastrointestinal form. The diagnosis was often achieved with noninvasive techniques, such as cytologic evaluation of rectal scrape samples (n = 24) or blood films (15). Clinical remission was achieved in 16 of 25 (64%) dogs receiving fluconazole and 17 of 24 (71%) dogs receiving itraconazole. No differences were identified between antifungal agents in survival, clinical remission, or disease relapse rates. Identified negative prognostic factors included Great Pyrenees breed, dyspnea, need for oxygen supplementation, icterus, palpable abdominal organomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and hyperbilirubinemia, whereas diarrhea was a positive prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that histoplasmosis should be considered in a sick dog of any breed in an endemic area. Clinical signs may be nonspecific. Diagnosis may often be possible with noninvasive and inexpensive tests. Either fluconazole or itraconazole may be an effective treatment option.

Hypochondria trend and stress in owners of a sick dog

Hypochondria trend and stress in owners of a sick dog

From a “sick dog” to a “ghost” : on the failure of the metaphor in the early work of Seo Jeongjoo

이 글은 연구사에서 심미적 개념으로서 인식된 `영원성`이 현대에 대한 미당 서정주의 특유의 태도를 반영한다는 관점에 입각하여, 미당 서정주의 초기 시 세계에서 구축된 내적 원리를 새롭게 규명함으로써 텍스트의 의미를 다시 발견하는 작업을 수행했다. 문학의 논리를 역설(paradox)로 전제하고, 은유를 이질적인 것을 통합하여 새로운 의미를 생산하는 의미 생산 기제로서 인식했다. 은유로써 서정주의 시 세계를 이해하는 작업은 서정주 시 세계에서 발생한 새로운 의미 생산의 실패의 과정을 되짚어보는 반성적 비평을 수행하는 일이다. 이 글은 첫 시집인 『화사집』(남만서고, 1941)에서부터 『신라초』(정읍사, 1961)까지의 시 텍스트를 검토하며 귀신의 생성과정을 추적하였다. `병든 숫개`에서 `귀신`으로 정화 곧 치유는 존재론적 소외에 대한 절대적 부정을 의미함을 규명하였다. 그간 연구사에서 주목받지 못했던 귀신을 적극적으로 해석함으로써 `현대성`을 중심으로 미당의 문학사적 좌표를 다시 가늠했다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

一例犬乳腺肿瘤病的诊疗报告

近年来根据动物医院就诊病例调查犬乳腺肿瘤病例占全部肿瘤病例的30%左右，仍属于较高发的严重威胁犬生活质量甚至生命的一大疾病。本文介绍了一例具体病例，该病例经临床症状、细胞学检查等方法来进行诊断，通过手术摘除肿瘤的方法进行治疗，使病犬康复出院。随后取肿瘤组织做病理切片，分析病理变化，并对犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗方法进行了讨论。 According to the survey of the hospital cases, canine breast tumor cases are about 30% of all cancer cases in recent years, which is still a high incidence of serious threat to illness and quality of life of a disease. This paper introduces a concrete case. A sick dog was diagnosed by clinical symptom, cytological examination and so on treated by surgical removal of the tumor; finally the sick dog recovered from the hospital. The tumor tissue was then taken as pathological section, analyzing the pathological changes, and discussing the treatment of canine breast tumor.

Urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism: case control study in 499 dogs

Pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) in dogs is frequently associated with high serum phosphate and parathormone concentrations which are in turn associated with prognosis and clinical presentation. The pathogenesis of such abnormalities...