Siberian Populations Research Articles

Genetic relationships between sympatric and allopatric Coregonus ciscoes in North and Central Europe

BackgroundSympatric speciation along ecological gradients has been studied repeatedly, in particular in freshwater fishes. Rapid post-glacial ecological divergence has resulted in numerous endemic species or ecologically distinct populations in lakes of the temperate zones. Here, we focus on the Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula) complex, to study the genetic similarity among two pairs of sympatric autumn- and spring-spawning populations from post-glacial German Lakes Stechlin and Breiter Luzin. For comparison, we included a similar pair of sympatric populations from the Swedish Lake Fegen. We wanted to explore potential genetic similarities between the three sympatric cisco population pairs in the three lakes, to evaluate whether the pairs may have emerged independently in the three lakes, or whether two different species may have colonized all three lakes independently. Furthermore, we considered allopatric C. albula populations from three Polish, three Finnish, and four Swedish locations, added one Siberian population of the sister species C. sardinella and a Swedish C. maraena (whitefish) population. By genotyping nine microsatellite markers in 655 individuals from these 18 populations, we wanted to elucidate how strongly the cisco populations differ across a larger geographical area within Europe. Finally, we compared the genetic differences between the spring- and autumn-spawning populations of ciscoes in the two German lakes to infer the potentially deteriorating effect of strong anthropogenic pressure on the lakes.ResultsDendrogram, Principal Coordinate Analysis and admixture analysis all indicated strong correspondence between population differentiation and geographical location for most cisco populations in Europe, including the Siberian population of C. sardinella. However, populations from some Swedish lakes deviated from this general pattern, by showing a distinct genetic structure. We found evidence for independent evolution of the three sympatric population pairs, because the populations co-occurring in the same lake were always most closely related. However, genetic differentiation was weak in the two German population pairs, but strong in the Swedish Lake Fegen, indicating that the weak differentiation in the German pairs reported earlier has eroded further.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the genetic differentiation at neutral genetic markers among populations of the Baltic cisco complex has evolved (and is maintained) by random genetic drift in isolated populations. However, earlier studies on the Swedish populations combining mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data indicate that also post-glacial immigration from separate glacial refugia has shaped the present genetic population structure. The low neutral differentiation of the German sympatric pairs in contrast to the Swedish pair suggests that recent anthropogenic effects on the lakes in Germany may put the endemic spring-spawners at risk to extinction.

Perimenopause and menopause in the Siberian population: a cross-sectional study

Perimenopause and menopause in the Siberian population: a cross-sectional study

A novel nonlinear dimension reduction approach to infer population structure for low-coverage sequencing data

BackgroundLow-depth sequencing allows researchers to increase sample size at the expense of lower accuracy. To incorporate uncertainties while maintaining statistical power, we introduce MCPCA_PopGen to analyze population structure of low-depth sequencing data.ResultsThe method optimizes the choice of nonlinear transformations of dosages to maximize the Ky Fan norm of the covariance matrix. The transformation incorporates the uncertainty in calling between heterozygotes and the common homozygotes for loci having a rare allele and is more linear when both variants are common.ConclusionsWe apply MCPCA_PopGen to samples from two indigenous Siberian populations and reveal hidden population structure accurately using only a single chromosome. The MCPCA_PopGen package is available on https://github.com/yiwenstat/MCPCA_PopGen.

Внутри- и межпопуляционная изменчивость цист и взрослых стадий артемии (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) в сибирских популяциях (морфометрия)

Размеры цист артемии являются важным показателем ценности их как кормового ресурса и в некоторой степени позволяют идентифицировать популяции. В статье проанализированы показатели цист артемии партеногенетических популяций (диаметр, толщина хориона, наличие пятен на оболочке), отобранных в гипергалинных озёрах Западной Сибири в разные годы, и морфометрические показатели рачков, выращенных из цист при одинаковой солёности. Установлена значительная внутри- и межпопуляционная изменчивость рассмотренных показателей. Абсолютные значения диаметра цист находились в пределах 210–330 мкм, средние значения по пробам — 243,5–282,9 мкм, средние по популяциям — 257,8–279,6 мкм; абсолютные значения диаметра декапсулированных цист — в пределах 196–294 мкм, средние значения по пробам — 236,5–262,6 мкм, средние по популяциям — 239,9–253,2 мкм; абсолютные значения толщины хориона цист — 3,3–16,9 мкм, средние значения по популяциям — 6,6–12,4 мкм. В основных промысловых озёрах, на которые приходится около 70 % от всего вылова цист артемии в России, цисты имели близкие среднепопуляционные размеры (262–268 мкм). Дано заключение об отсутствии внутрипопуляционной закреплённости таких признаков, как диаметр цист и толщина хориона, то есть они не могут служить надёжными показателями, идентифицирующими сибирские популяции. Установлена статистически значимая связь (r = −0,5) между солёностью материнского водоёма и диаметром эмбрионов артемии. Пятнистость цист, не превышающая 5 % почти во всех их пробах, у цист озера Кучукское составила 24 %. Анализ морфометрических показателей рачков, выращенных из цист, показал, что средняя длина рачков (9,27–11,63 мм), ширина абдомена (0,53–0,69 мм) и расстояние между глазами (1,36–1,52 мм) тесно коррелировали с солёностью материнского водоёма (значения r составили −0,76; −0,62; −0,67 соответственно). Кластерный анализ совокупности морфометрических признаков рачков указывает на объединение популяций по признаку солёности.

Combining Bayesian age models and genetics to investigate population dynamics and extinction of the last mammoths in northern Siberia

To understand the causes and implications of an extinction event, detailed information is necessary. However, this can be challenging when working with poorly resolved paleontological data sets. One approach to increase the data resolution is by combining different methods. In this study, we used both radiocarbon and genetic data to reconstruct the population history and extinction dynamics of the woolly mammoth in northern Siberia. We generated 88 new radiocarbon dates and combined these with previously published dates from 626 specimens to construct Bayesian age models. These models show that mammoths disappeared on the eastern Siberian mainland before the onset of the Younger Dryas (12.9–11.7 ky cal BP). Mammoths did however persist in the northernmost parts of central and western Siberia until the early Holocene. Further genetic results of 131 high quality mitogenomes, including 22 new mitogenomes generated in this study, support the hypothesis that mammoths from, or closely related to, a central and/or west- Siberian population recolonized Wrangel Island over the now submerged northern Siberian plains. As mammoths became trapped on the island due to rising sea levels, they lived another ca. 6000 years on Wrangel Island before eventually going extinct ca. 4000 years ago.

Genetic Variability in Pinus sylvestris, Picea obovata, and Abies sibirica Populations and in Felling in the Southern Taiga of Central Siberia

The variability of polymorphic enzyme loci was studied in 1180 undergrowth individuals in four Pinus sylvestris L., Picea obovata Ledeb., and Abies sibirica Ledeb. populations growing in the southern taiga of Central Siberia in the regions covered by felling of different intensity and in the control (including in 15 Scots pine samples, 13 Siberian spruce samples, and 16 Siberian fir samples). The results of the comparative analysis of data confirm a significant reduction in genetic diversity in the young generation of trees of three coniferous species at the place of high-intensity clear large-scale and selective felling (by 8–30% in the number of alleles and level of polymorphism, by 14–75% in the number of rare alleles). It was noted that the gene pools of populations of dark coniferous species are more sensitive to anthropogenic effects as compared with light coniferous species (Scots pine). The features of genetic variability of isozymes in Siberian fir populations indicate a significant loss of intraspecific allelic diversity of enzyme loci by the species, which requires a special approach to the analysis of the effect of forest management on populations of this species and preservation of its genetic diversity. Of the used indices of genetic variability, rare alleles of polymorphic loci in general (and especially the alleles of low polymorphic loci) are the most informative for the purposes of genetic monitoring of coniferous forests.

Prevalence of ischemic heart disease depending on factors of psychoemotional stress among men of mature age (epidemiological study)

To establish associations of the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and factors of psychoemotional stress in men of the open urban population in the age group 4564 years after two decades of life. A cross-sectional epidemiological study using a model of the city of Tyumen was conducted on a representative sample of the population among males of mature age (4564 years). Based on standard epidemiological methods, IHD was established according to strict epidemiological criteria definite IHD. The study of the factors of psycho-emotional stress (depression, hostility, life exhaustion) was carried out according to the algorithms of the World Health Organization program MONICA-psychosocial. When calculating the odds ratio for the development of IHD, a low level of psycho-emotional stress factors was regarded as the absence of a sign, a combination of medium and high levels as a presence. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease in the open population (on the model of Tyumen) according to strict epidemiological criteria in men aged 4554 years was 8.2%, at the age of 5564 years 19.2%, a predominance of painless form of ischemic heart disease was revealed. According to the levels of factors of psychoemotional stress in mature men, mainly the average level of depression and life exhaustion, a high level of hostility were established. In men of an open population (on the model of Tyumen), depending on the psychoemotional stress, a high risk of developing a certain coronary heart disease was established in the age categories 4554 and 5564 years old in the presence of depression, at the age of 5564 years in the presence of hostility or life exhaustion. Consequently, the data obtained indicate the importance of further studying the factors of psychoemotional stress in men of mature age in Siberian populations, their relationships with conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease, as well as the advisability of preventive measures aimed at weakening the influence of not only conventional risk factors, but also factors of psycho-emotional stress. among the Russian population.

Одонтоскопическая характеристика серии тагарской культуры из курганного могильника Станция Казановская-1

The article considers odontologic research of the series materials from the burial mound Stantsiya Kazanovskaya-1. This burial mound is dated back to 8-6th centuries BC (Podgornovo stage of the Tagar culture) (Bogdanov et al., 2020). The series includes permanent teeth of 23 individuals (7 male, 11 females, 4 infants, and 1 individual whose sexual identity could not be determined). The examination was carried out according to the standard odontoscopy program (Zubov, 1968; 2006) with archaic markers recording (Zubova, 2013). As a result, it was concluded that the anthropological composition of the studied group is close to the characteristics of the eastern dental type (mongoloid). An increase in some mongoloid features and a decrease in molar gracilization frequencies (reduction of the hypocone of the upper second molars, four-cusp lower first and second molars) significantly distinguish the Tagar series from Stantsiya Kazanovskaya-1 from other Tagar groups that had been studied earlier (Postnikova, 1974; Rykushina, 1977; Gulevskaya, unpublished data). Moreover, an intergroup comparison was carried out using the method of principal component analysis. The comparative analysis included odontologic series of the Early Iron Age from the Southern and Western Siberia, Western and Central Kazakhstan, the Aral Sea region, and the Southern Urals. As a result, the group from the Stantsiya Kazanovskaya-1 burial mound demonstrated the closest similarity to the Bolsherechye population of the Novosibirsk Ob region, as well as some similarity was recorded to the populations of Sargat and Kamensk cultures, and, more distantly, with the Ural group of early Sarmatians from the Pokrovka X burial ground and the Ural savromats from the Kazy-Baba burial ground. Therefore, the conclusion was made on possible formation of the anthropological composition of the studied Tagar group on a local basis and on the priority direction of interaction with the synchronous West Siberian forest-steppe populations.

Mutational and phylogenetic status of west siberian strains of BLV

The study is devoted of full-genome BLV sequences circulating in cattle populations of the Novosibirsk region, Russia. The phylogenetic tree shows that the West Siberian isolates are quite closely related to such previously isolated strains as AF399704 (Brazil), AP018007, AP018016, AP018019, LC007988, LC007991 (Japan) and EF065638 (Belgium) we calculations show that the number of mutations that could independently occur in parallel evolving BLV strains significantly exceeds the expected number based on the probability of corresponding substitutions. It was also found that the studied isolates have some mutations, the presence of which, at first glance, is possible only with their divergent development in different independently evolving branches. However, calculations show that the probability of an independent origin of an identical mutation is extremely small, which indicates the possibility of exchanging RNA sites between isolates circulating in West Siberian cattle populations.

Factors of biological regulation of siberian moth populations and their use for forest protection

Factors of biological regulation of siberian moth populations and their use for forest protection

Association of β-lactoglobulin genotypes with some biochemical parameters of the blood of Romanov sheep

The assessment of the gene pool and phenofund of agricultural breeds is an issue in livestock breeding. The accuracy of molecular genetic methods is much higher than phenotypic observation in order to improve breeds. It is necessary to establish relationship between the genotype and the desired trait for their successful application. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to study the relationship of genotypes at the β-Lg locus with some biochemical blood parameters in Romanov sheep. The relationship of genotypes at the β-Lg locus with the amount of albumin, urea and uric acid in Romanov sheep was studied. On a population of 23 sheep of the Romanov breed, we studied the polymorphism of the β-lactoglobulin gene. Blood sampling was carried out from sheep according to standard methods. The analysis was performed in the laboratory of ecological and veterinary genetics and biochemistry of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. Standard kits for biochemical studies were used for the analysis. The level of biochemical parameters was determined using a Photometer 5010 V5 + biochemical analyzer. DNA isolation was carried out according to the standard procedure. To establish genotypes, the PCR-RFLP method was used. It was found that in the Siberian population of Romanov sheep the β-LGA allele is more common than β-LGB. In homozygous B / B animals, the albumin concentration was 1.2 times higher (P <0.05) than in individuals with the A / A genotype. No relationship was found between the β-Lg genotypes and the amount of urea and uric acid in the blood.

Влияние типа условий местопроизрастания и географического положения популяций на степень интрогрессивной гибридизации ели в Вологодской области

Приведены результаты оценки влияния типа условий местопроизрастания и географического положения на степень интрогрессивной гибридизации ели в Вологодской обл. Показано, что в ельниках кисличных доминируют особи с преобладанием признаков ели сибирской и равнозначными признаками сибирской и европейской елей. Результаты исследований подтверждают принципиальную схему интрогрессии ели на севере Русской равнины: встречаемость ели сибирской увеличивается с продвижением с юга на север и с запада на восток, а распространение ели европейской – в обратном направлении. The paper provides assessment results of how a site condition type and geographic location can influence the degree of introgressivehybridizationof spruce in the Vologda region (evidence from bilberry and wood sorrel spruce forests located in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Totemsky and Cherepovetsky Districts). The study employed research methods proposed by L.F. Pravdin based on distinctive features put forward by I.A. Korenevto holistically assess the degree of introgressivehybridizationof Siberian and European spruce. Various types of site conditions in all of the populations in question show absence of substantial differences in mean values of the majority of morphometric cone parameters. Totemsky and Cherepovetsky populations turned out to be similar in mean sizes of cones. It was found that almost all morphometric cone parameters of the study populations in both types of forests in question vary approximately at the same level. However, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky and Totemsky populations are characterized by a low level of variability in the length and width of seed scales in both types of forests, whereas in Cherepovetsky population variability of this feature is mean. The study shows that wood sorrel spruce forests are dominated by specimens with prevailing features of Siberian spruce and with equally weighted features of Siberian and European spruce. The results of the research proved that in the north of the Russian plain occurrence of the features of Siberian spruce increases when moving from the south to the north and from the west to the east. It was noted that in Totemsky population, located in the vicinity of the Sukhona river, the degree of hybridizationis higher than that in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky population located next to it. It was concluded that the degree of hybridizationof European and Siberian spruce populations is connected to their geographic location and site conditions.It is recommendedto use the results of the study in selective seed farming. In Totemsky and adjacent north-eastern districts of the Vologda region when selecting superior trees preferences should be given to hybrid forms of spruce with equally weighted features of Siberian and European spruce. In Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky and Cherepovetsky districts it is essential that specimens of hybrid spruce with prevailing features of Siberian spruce and hybrid spruce with equally weighted features of Siberian and European spruce be selected.

Association of rs3025058 polymorphism with the development of stroke in patients with cardiovascular pathology

To study the association of single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) with the development of stroke in patients of the East Siberian population with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors for its development. The study involved 260 patients with stroke (age [57.0; 51.062.0]) and 272 patients of the control group (age [55.0; 51.062.0]). Among the patients who underwent stroke, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. The examination of the main group included: collection of complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computed tomography of the brain, electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, ultrasound duplex scanning of the extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate, analysis of the blood coagulation system. The patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis of extracranial brachiocephalic arteries, disorders of the hemostasis system. The control group was examined within the framework of the international project HAPIEE. Molecular genetic research was carried out by real-time PCR. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application software. The study established statistically significant associations between the 5a/5a genotype and the 5a allele and stroke in the general group of patients, as well as in the subgroup of men, subgroups of patients with extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. In the subgroup of patients with cardiac arrhythmias, statistically significant results were obtained only for allele 5a, and in the subgroup of women with stroke, subgroups of patients with arterial hypertension and hypercoagulation, no significant associations ofrs3025058(5a/6a) polymorphism with stroke were found. Genotype 5a/5a and allele 5a of the single-nucleotide polymorphismrs3025058(5а/6а) increase the risk of stroke in individuals from the East Siberian population, including those in the presence of such risk factors as extracranial brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia.

Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. within the Buryatian flora: phytocenotic confinedness, composition of essential oil

Buryatia as a part of Baikalian Siberia is one of the main centers of origin and morphological diversity of wormwood in Eurasia. There are 48 species and subspecies of wormwood within Buryatian flora, one of which is Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. For the first time the composition of the essential oils of A. gmelinii growing in the rare community of Siberian apricot ( Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam) is presented in this work. Essential oils were obtained from the raw materials collected during the field works on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia (Kyakhtinsky district, surroundings of Tamir village - Southern slopes of the Tamir range) in 2020. The vegetation of the Tamir ranges slope is represented by shrub communities from the relict of Eastern Asia growing since the Miocene-Pliocene time - Armeniaca sibirica . The dominant components of essential oils of A. gmelinii from apricot community are 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, camphor, borneol, caryophyllene. Essential oils of A. gmelinii growing within the Siberian flora of one chemotype with a predominance of mono-terpenoids in the group composition form two subtypes, prevailing: 1) in the East Siberian populations of A. gmelinii with a predominance of sesquiterpenoids in the composition of essential oils; 2) in the West Siberian populations of A. gmelinii with a predominance of monoterpenoids in essential oils.

Challenges and prospects for developing genetic resistance in common wheat against stem rust in Western Siberia

Современные исследования проблемы устойчивости мягкой пшеницы к стеблевой ржавчине включают два основных направления: оценку устойчивости коллекций мягкой пшеницы к заболеванию с помощью молекулярных маркеров к известным генам устойчивости в дополнение к полевому скринингу материала и лабораторным тестам к образцам различных популяций гриба; поиск источников и доноров новых генов и генных локусов, в том числе среди культурных и дикорастущих родичей пшеницы. Для достижения адекватного генетического контроля заболевания важен интегральный подход, включающий как данные об источниках устойчивости, так и актуальные сведения о действующих в регионе патогенных популяциях, их расовом составе и динамике генов вирулентности. Результаты анализа экспериментальных данных полевого скрининга устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине сортов мягкой пшеницы из коллекции питомников CIMMYT в условиях Омской и Новосибирской областей, а также лабораторного тестирования образцов инфекции на международном наборе пшеничных линий-дифференциаторов позволяют предполагать, что на территории Западной Сибири и Алтайского края существует обособленная, «азиатская», популяция Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. При этом практический интерес для современных программ опережающей селекции пшеницы на иммунитет к стеблевой ржавчине в условиях Западной Сибири представляют гены устойчивости Sr2, Sr6Ai#2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr31, Sr39, Sr40, Sr44 и Sr57. В настоящем обзоре проанализированы источники генов, сохраняющих эффективность к западносибирской популяции P. graminis, с целью упрощения первичного этапа отбора селекционного материала для создания устойчивого генотипа путем пирамидирования генов. Описаны основные требования, предъявляемые к фитопатологическому тестированию селекционного материала. Составлен список молекулярных маркеров к указанным генам устойчивости – как широко применяющихся в маркер-ориентированной селекции, так и требующих верификации.

Synanthropic Plants as an Underestimated Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals: A Case of Galeopsis bifida (Lamiaceae)

Hemp nettle (Galeopsis bifida Boenn.) is a synanthropic species of the Lamiaceae family that is widely distributed across Europe, Asia, and Siberia. Galeopsis bifida is deeply embedded in the ethnomedical tradition of Asian healers; however, this plant is still poorly characterized, both chemically and pharmacologically. To study Siberian populations of G. bifida, we used high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray triple quadrupole mass detection for metabolic profiling. Ninety compounds were identified, including iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, hydroxycinnamates, and flavone glycosides, most of which were identified in G. bifida for the first time, while some phenolics were found to have potential chemotaxonomic significance in the Lamiaceae family and Galeopsis genus. An unequal quantitative distribution of the selected metabolites was observed within separate organs of the G. bifida plant, characterized by high accumulation of most compounds within the aerial part of the plant (leaves, flowers). Analysis of the content of specific chosen compounds within the leaves of different populations of G. bifida from Eastern Siberia revealed the existence of two chemical types based on metabolic specifics: the southern type accumulates flavone glucuronides, while the northern type tends to accumulate high levels of phenylpropanoids and acylated flavone glucosides. The first study of the bioactivity of G. bifida extract demonstrated that the herb has low toxicity in acute experiments and expresses antioxidant potential against free radicals in the form of DPPH˙, ABTS˙+, and superoxide radical, as well as high ferric reducing antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and protective action in the carotene bleaching assay. In general, our results suggest the herb of G. bifida as a new, prospective synanthropic plant for medical application.

Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Parkinson's Disease in the South of Western Siberia.

Background: The article is devoted to one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world—Parkinson's disease (PD), the prevalence of which in Russia reaches 140–150 people per 100,000 people. The clinical and anamnestic profile of a patient with PD is presented, the prevalence of motor and non-motor symptoms is reflected, and a comparative characteristic of the neurological deficit in the Siberian population of patients with other cohorts of patients with Parkinson's disease in different countries and ethnic groups is presented.Methods: We studied 140 patients with Parkinson's disease. A comprehensive assessment of neurological status was performed using the “Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).” In addition, we used the Beck Depression and MoCA scale test. Assessment of the presence and severity of olfactory dysfunction was performed using the Sniffin Stick odor identification test. The stage of PD was evaluated according to the classification of M. M. Hoehn and M. D. Yahr.Results: The cohort of the study was dominated by overweight patients with a higher level of education, with concomitant arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and dyslipidemia. The severity of motor and most non-motor symptoms directly correlates with the duration of PD and the stage of the disease. The predominant form of the disease was a mixed form, which was also noted in research cohorts in Canada and the UK. The Siberian cohort tends to be more prevalent in hyposmia, daytime sleepiness, orthostatic hypotension, and depressive and REM disorders.Conclusion: Our data show the importance of a comprehensive assessment of both motor and non-motor neurological deficits as well as the analysis of comorbid disorders and risk factors for the occurrence and progression of Parkinson's disease. They also show the prevalence of certain motor and non-motor symptoms in the Siberian cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Онтогенез и структура ценопопуляций Pulsatilla uralensis в условиях Северного Казахстана

The age features of ontogenesis and the structure of coenopopulations of Pulsatilla uralensis (Zam.) Tzvel., on the territory of Kostanay region were studied. Coenopopulations of P. uralensis are confined to forest edges or secondary steppe communities on the site of old hares on soils of light mechanical composition. There are three periods and 7 age States in ontogeny: seedlings, juvenile, immature virginal, young, middle-aged, old-age generative, and sub-senile states. A feature of the age states of P. uralensis in comparison with the Siberian and Yakut populations is the earlier division of rhizomes into separate parcels with the formation of a loose caudex, observed in the middle-aged generative state. In a sparse pine forest, a normal population is formed with a predominance of generative individuals, belonging to mature populations with a low recovery index. Populations formed in the conditions of secondary psammophytic steppe on the site of a burned pine forest, a left-sided invasive population is formed with a predominance of immature and virginal individuals, which has a high recovery index.

Genetic polymorphisms of PIP5K2A and course of schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a severe highly heritable mental disorder. The clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia is expressed in the difference in the leading symptoms and course of the disease. Identifying the genetic variants that affect clinical heterogeneity may ultimately reveal the genetic basis of the features of schizophrenia and suggest novel treatment targets. PIP5K2A (Phosphatidylinositol-4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Type II Alpha) has been investigated as a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.MethodsIn this work, we studied the possible association between eleven polymorphic variants of PIP5K2A and the clinical features of schizophrenia in a population of 384 white Siberian patients with schizophrenia. Genotyping was carried out on QuantStudio 5 Real-Time PCR System with a TaqMan Validate SNP Genotyping Assay (Applied Biosystems, USA).ResultsPIP5K2A rs8341 (χ2 = 6.559, p = 0.038) and rs946961 (χ2 = 5.976, p = 0.049) showed significant association with course of schizophrenia (continuous or episodic). The rs8341*CT (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04–2.54) and rs946961*CC (OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.20–22.21) genotypes were associated with a continuous type of course, while the rs8341*TT genotype (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29–0.97) was associated with an episodic type of course of schizophrenia. Therefore rs8341*TT genotype presumably has protective effect against the more severe continuous course of schizophrenia compared to the episodic one.ConclusionsOur experimental data confirm that PIP5K2A is a genetic factor influencing the type of course of schizophrenia in Siberian population. Disturbances in the phosphatidylinositol pathways may be a possible reason for the transition to a more severe continuous course of schizophrenia.

Dietary polyphenol intake, risk of hypertension and age status in adult Russian/Siberian population

Abstract Background Consumption of polyphenolic compounds from various food sources is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors. The region of residence, the food habits of the population, and age have a significant impact on consumption. Methods Participants: the Siberian urban population (Novosibirsk, HAPIEE study, 9324 (4,249 men and 5,075 women) aged 45-69. Dietary data collected using a 141-item food frequency questionnaire. Data on the polyphenols were taken from the Phenol-Explorer database (3.6). Total polyphenols (TPH) were considered as a sum of all individual classes: flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans and other polyphenols and their food sources. The consumption of polyphenolic compounds in the age groups of 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64 and more than 65 years was analyzed. To assess the relationship between CVD risk factors and the consumption of TPH, the odds ratio was calculated in quartiles of TPH consumption (OR). Results The consumption of TPH in men was 1273 (647) and 1203 (626) mg/day in women (P < 0,05). The main class for both men and women were flavonoids, as well as phenolic acids. For men, respectively, 68 and 21% of the total consumption of TPH, for women 70 and 20%. Chances of developing hypertension in quartiles of high and low consumption of TPH showed a risk reduction in whole population by 58%, in quartiles of high and low consumption of total flavonoids - by 56% and phenolic acids - by 21%. The main sources of TPH were tea, coffee, fruits, vegetables and rye bread. With increasing age, both men and women experience a decrease in TPH consumption by 9.5 and 11%, respectively, of flavonoids - by 10.6 and 15%. This is due to a decrease in fruit consumption with increasing age. Conclusions The consumption of polyphenol compounds in the Siberian urban population associated with reduction of hypertension and determined by age. The study was carried out in the framework of budget theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2. Key messages Consumption of polyphenolic compounds in the Siberian population is associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. In recommendations for the prevention of hypertension in the older age group, it is necessary to consider the increase in the consumption of fruits and berries from local sources.