Shutter Device Research Articles

Design of a supersonic wind shutter device for an accelerator-driven reactor system

The design of a supersonic wind shutter for the proton line of high-current accelerator is considered. The proposed device enables to avoid using a membrane separating vacuum proton line from cooling liquid of reactor system.

Traveling of Automatic Guided Vehicle Using an Outdoor Type Visual Guidance System

In this paper, an outdoor type visual guidance system by using an image recognition method is proposed for an outdoor AGV to travel stably. The outdoor type visual guidance system uses a ITV camera in order to obtain reflective images of three typed guiding marks adhered to the traveling line surface which is illuminated by a natrium light. The camera with the high speed shutter device is able to obtain a visual image in 1ms. Factors which affect detecting image characteristics are examined through the computer simulation. Traveling information can be detected within from 20ms to 50ms recognition time.In outdoor traveling experiment, the developed outdoor AGV was verified to travel smoothly on a straight line at 60m/min with as little as±25mm amplitude deviation which is less than the guiding marks width and with 10sec. period hunting motion.

A spectacle-mounted liquid-crystal tachistoscope

A spectacle-mounted shuttering device, the Portable Liquid-crystal Apparatus for Tachistoscopy via visual Occlusion, based on light-scattering cholesteric liquid crystals, is introduced. Operating characteristics of the device are discussed with respect to the design objectives of comfort, switching speed, light transmission, light extinction, safety, and reliability. A number of practical research, clinical, and industrial applications of the spectacles as tachistoscope, stroboscope, and stereoscopic viewing apparatus are summarized.

Alternating-field stereoscopic displays using light-scattering liquid crystal spectacles

Field-sequential stereoscopy, an increasingly accepted means of displaying three-dimensional visual images, is reviewed. The conventional electrooptic shutter devices used for viewing such displays employ either twisted nematic liquid crystals or PLZT ceramics. Both of these methods suffer the drawback of severe reduction in the brightness of the display image being observed. To overcome this problem, a field-sequential stereoscopic viewing apparatus employing light-scattering cholesteric liquid crystals is proposed. Advantages of this device include minimal reduction in image brightness, full colour and reduced visual fatigue.

Different high rate vapour deposition processes for metallurgical coatings

An integration of undoped InOx and commercial ITO thin films into laboratory assembled light shutter devices is made. Accordingly, undoped transparent conductive InOx thin films, about 100 nm thick, are deposited by radiofrequency plasma enhanced reactive thermal evaporation (rf-PERTE) of indium teardrops with no intentional heating of the glass substrates. The process of deposition occurs at very low deposition rates (0.1–0.3 nm/s) to establish an optimized reaction between the oxygen plasma and the metal vapor. These films show the following main characteristics: transparency of 87% (wavelength, λ = 632.8 nm) and sheet resistance of 52 Ω/sq; while on commercial ITO films the transparency was of 92% and sheet resistance of 83 Ω/sq. The InOx thin film surface characterized by AFM shows a uniform grain texture with a root mean square surface roughness of Rq∼2.276 nm. In contrast, commercial ITO topography is characterized by two regions: one smoother with Rq∼0.973 nm and one with big grains (Rq∼3.617 nm). For the shutters assembled using commercial ITO, the light transmission coefficient (Tr) reaches the highest value (Trmax) of 89% and the lowest (Trmin) of 1.3% [13], while for the InOx shutters these values are 80.1% and 3.2%, respectively. Regarding the electric field required to achieve 90% of the maximum transmission in the ON state (Eon), the one presented by the devices assembled with commercial ITO coated glasses is 2.41 V/μm while the one presented by the devices assembled with InOx coated glasses is smaller, 1.77 V/μm. These results corroborate the device quality that depends on the base materials and fabrication process used.

Device for stroboscopic extraction of atmospheric pressure species into regions of high vacuum

An extraction nozzle and shutter device are described, which enable a short burst of species, created by a repetitive train of atmospheric pressure spark discharges (or similar excitation sources), to be inserted directly into a chamber at low pressure.

PLZT electrooptic shutters: applications

This paper describes advances in the development of several electrooptic shutter devices utilizing the quadratic electrooptic effect of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic wafers. Aperture sizes utilized in these PLZT devices ranged from 25 microm to 0.25 m. Practical applications of the shutters discussed in this paper include eye protection in military and industrial applications, a goggle-type device with dual synchronously operated PLZT shutters for use in a stereoscopic three-dimensional TV display, an electrically controlled variable density filter for use with vidicon tubes, a large-aperture photographic shutter for image motion compensation cameras, and a page composer for use in a holographic memory system.

Single-Shot Photography with Channel-Plate Intensifier Tubes

AbstractMicrochannel-plate intensifier tubes of the type designed around inverter electron optics have been used as high-speed shutter devices for taking single high-resolution photographs. Experimental cameras have been built with exposure duration from 10-8 s to 10-1 s.

Mobility of CO+, CO2+ and C2O2+ Ions in Carbon Monoxide Gas

The mobilities of CO+, CO2+, and C2O2+ ions in carbon monoxide gas have been measured as a function of E / p0 (E is the electric field intensity, p0 is the normalized pressure) using the “four-gauze” electrical shutter device with a glow discharge ion source. Measurements were made at 29°–32°C gas temperature over a range of E / p0 from 15 to 180 V/cm·torr and in a pressure range of from 0.5 to 1.4 torr. The ions have been identified mass spectrometrically simultaneously with the measurement of their mobility. At p0 = 0.8 torr and E / p0 below 85 the predominant ion was found to be C2O2+ and at E / p0 above 85 the predominant ions were CO2+ and CO+. In addition, O2+, C3O2+, C4O2+ and C5O2+ ions in considerably smaller abundance have been observed. The mobility, extrapolated to zero field and atmospheric pressure, is 1.93 cm2/V·sec for both CO+ and CO2+ ions and 1.61 cm2/V·sec for C2O2+ ions. The binding energy of the C2O2+ ion against dissociation into CO+ and CO was found to be about 0.8 eV. Formation of the ions is discussed.

Motion Picture Projection of Multiple Spark Camera Film

A method is described for motion picture projection of multiple spark camera film records. Motion picture projection of these nonstandard film records can enhance their usefulness by aiding visualization of the photographed event. Such projection can be accomplished by using the objective lens group of the multiple spark camera (or a duplicate lens group) as a projection lens group. The addition of a viewing screen, an illumination source, and an appropriate shuttering device enables the film to be projected as a motion picture sequence.