Shunting Diesel Locomotives Research Articles

Аккумулирование тепловой энергии масла и охлаждающей жидкости дизельного двигателя маневрового тепловоза

Objective: to substantiate the effectiveness of using heat-storing materials to preserve the thermal energy of the oil and coolant of the diesel power plant of a shunting diesel locomotive. To achieve this goal it is necessary: to identify the relevance of the problem of preserving the thermal energy of oil and coolant during the operation of diesel locomotives in conditions of negative ambient temperatures; develop a concept for the use of heat-storing phase transition materials in the oil and water systems of a diesel locomotive; carry out the selection of heat-storing materials based on their physical properties and the operating characteristics of diesel locomotive engine systems; conduct laboratory experimental studies to assess the effectiveness of using a particular heat-storing material. Methods: physical experiment performed in laboratory conditions, which consists of recording the temperature of the working medium (oil and water) and the temperature of the heat-storing material used depending on the cold idle time. Experimental studies make it possible to more accurately select the most preferred materials for accumulating heat from oil and water in diesel locomotive engine systems. Results: an experimental dependence of the temperature of various heat-accumulating materials on the cold idle time was constructed, which makes it possible to justify the use of stearin to accumulate heat from engine oil and cooling system water. Practical importance: the research was carried out as part of the implementation of a grant from Russian Railways JSC for young scientists to conduct scientific research aimed at creating new equipment and technologies for use in railway transport and recommended for use in the locomotive complex. Grant agreement No. 5103675 dated December 26, 2022 “Thermal accumulator for the pre-start preparation system for diesel locomotives in the cold season”

Research of unit train loading technologies at the sidings of grain elevators with their shunting locomotives

The purpose of the study is to increase the unit train load efficiency at the elevators having their shunting locomotives. The research is based on the analysis of time series, methods of organizing the operational work of railways, and methods of traction calculations. The paper considers the problem of organizing shunting work at elevators when loading grain unit trains. Critical wear and tear of shunting locomotives in railway transport of general use necessitates using their locomotives at the elevators. As a result of the research, the dependence of the duration of shunting and cargo operations on the number of cars in the unit train and on other factors was established. Various types of shunting locomotives were compared. Based on the analysis, it was established that it is advisable to use four-axle shunting diesel locomotives with hydraulic transmission for shunting work at the elevators. The traction force of such locomotives is sufficient to deliver empty cars to the elevator at a speed of 14–15 km/h. Loaded cars can be removed at a speed of 14–15 km/h with a slope of the connecting track up to 2–5 ‰. With greater slopes, the removal of loaded cars should be performed at a speed of 5 km/h. The main factor affecting the duration of shunting operations is the distance of delivery and removal of cars. Technologies for loading the grain unit trains at the elevators, providing for the presence of cars at the loading stations for two and three days, have also been developed. The main factor affecting the duration of unit train loading is the staff of locomotive assembly teams. The originality of the study is in obtaining the dependence between the parameters of the technical support of the elevators and the duration of the presence of cars in the connecting station – elevator’s siding system. The practical value of the paper is that its results can be used in the design of the reconstruction of existing and construction of new elevators, as well as in the estimation of costs associated with various loading technologies of the unit trains for the corresponding sidings.

Analysis of operation modes of shunting diesel locomotives when performing shunting work

An overview of modern trends in updating shunting locomotives, which are based on the installation of on-board energy storage devices, multi-diesel propulsion power plants, and power plants operated on hydrogen energy sources, was carried out. The necessity to take into account the operating conditions of a shunting diesel locomotive when choosing an upgrade option is shown. The operation modes of shunting diesel locomotives during shunting operations at the Козятин-I freight station during three shifts were considered. By analyzing the data of the БІС-Р onboard system and processing the route sheets, the parameters of the operating modes were determined. Calculations of diesel engine power utilization indicators were performed, according to which it was determined that the full use of the installed diesel generator power is 7.5...8.4%, and the maximum diesel power recorded under the studied operating conditions is about 50%. The duration of work with traction loads is 49.5...68.8% of the shift time. The longest - 55...60% of the total duration of work under traction - are modes with a power of 0...50 kW. The duration of work without load is 18.1...36.9% of the duration of the shift. The shunting work performed is related to the formation and disassembly of trains, including the use of a sorting slide, as a result of which the traction power transmission operates with a low efficiency. In order to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources when performing shunting work, it is necessary to update the fleet of locomotives for shunting work, the characteristics of which are adapted to the operating modes. Key words: hybrid locomotive, modernization, shunting, energy efficiency, energy storage

Система автоматического управления скоростью маневрового тепловоза в режиме горочной работы

Purpose: The importance of developing automatic speed control systems for hump-shunting diesel locomotives is demonstrated. Using as an example a shunting diesel locomotive of Type TEM7A a mathematical description is provided of electric power transmission as a final controlling element of the automatic control system and of a train as a control object. A flow-chart of the control system is generated and the system’s principle of operation is designed so as to ensure the main requirements to the hump-shunting locomotives are met. The PI speed controller is developed with parameters that provide for a maximum second-order integral accuracy of speed control. Methods: Controller’s optimum values are found using the Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The results of a simulation modeling are presented. Practical significance: The designed control system is found to ensure a smooth transient response and to maintain a given value of speed within the range of 15 km/h when pushing over a hump or at breaking up, providing for an increased shunting capacity of new generation hump yards featuring shunting control systems.

Remaining life of main frame and extension of service life of shunting Locomotives on railways of Republic of Uzbekistan

The article is devoted to topical issues of control and calculation of the residual life of the main frame of shunting diesel locomotives operated on the railway of Uzbekistan. The article presents mathematical methods for calculating the residual life of locomotives. Also, it substantiates the expediency of extending the service life of shunting locomotives at the earliest stage of their development. The results were obtained with the help of the Solid works software environment, which allows you to analyze the calculations and identify the forces acting on the main frame of the locomotives. In addition, the 3-D model of the main frame was analyzed with effort. An analysis of the locomotive fleet of Uzbekistan Temir Yo'llari JSC was carried out; based on the fleet data, a detailed analysis of shunting locomotives was carried out. Methods for predicting the main frame's residual life and extending the shunting locomotives' service life have been studied.

Methodology for assessing the operational efficiency of transport diesel generators

Problem. Today, there is a problem associated with the need to increase the efficiency of railway transport. Recently developed methods for determining the parameters of energy-saving operational work in stable and transient modes, as well as sets of corresponding technical means from various manufacturers allow us to speak of an integrated energy-saving technology. This development relies on the use of electronic controls. It is very effective both when used on new locomotive diesel generators and when retrofitted during a major overhaul. The integrated indicators existing in railway transport were developed without taking into account the capabilities of modern control systems in the formation of both stable and transient modes. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain estimates on their basis that make it possible to compare the efficiency of energy saving of control systems of various manufacturers and the actual payback period under operating conditions. Goal. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for assessing the impact of technical controls on improving the operating efficiency of diesel-generators in a relative form, which allows, even at the stage of preparation for the introduction of energy-saving measures, such as modern frequency and power control systems for a diesel-generator, to determine the efficiency of diesel generators in steady state, transient and idling conditions expected during the operation of the vehicle. Methodology. The paper uses methods based on obtaining relative estimates based on well-known ratios for fuel consumption in stable and transient modes. Results. The simple expressions obtained in the work make it possible to evaluate in a relative form the degree of influence of electronic technical systems on improving the operational efficiency of mainline and shunting diesel locomotives without carrying out a time-consuming and material-resources experimental study. Originality. In the case of a mainline locomotive, the expected efficiency from the use of only frequency and power control systems (electronic regulator) is estimated, and in the case of a shunting locomotive, relative estimates allow us to estimate the expected efficiency from the simultaneous use of two control systems: a start-stop system and an electronic regulator. Practical value. The proposed method of relative estimates can be applied to analyze the potential increase in the operational efficiency of diesel generators of shunting diesel locomotives, the fleet of which is a significant consumer of diesel fuel in railway enterprises, mining and metallurgical industries in almost all countries.

МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ КОЛЕСНО-МОТОРНЫХ БЛОКОВ ТЕПЛОВОЗОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ

The paper considers problems of import substitution of parts for wheels and motors units for freight and shunting diesel locomotives with 1050 and 1250 mm wheels and it also considers a task of modernization of technically outdated assemblies. In result of the analysis the authors revealed that it is necessary to: 1) develop a new assembly of motor support bearings with the use of domestic parts; 2) create a new design of an electric traction motor suspension for the substitution of a spring suspension that has wearable parts; 3) organize a search for solutions for perspective diesel locomotives that are intended to operate on the Eastern polygon. For diesel locomotives with 1050 mm wheels the authors propose designs of a frame support traction drive equipped with flat rubber-metal elements and a traction drive with rigid support of an electric traction motor on wheel centres by the use of domestic bearings. Instead of the spring suspension the authors recommend to use suspensions with flat rubber elements and spherical rubber-metal mounting, which will provide interoperability of bogies with modified and unmodified electric traction motors. For perspective diesel locomotives with 1250 mm wheels the authors propose designs of two-axle bogies equipped with high-torque commutator motors and a traction drive with a frame support suspension of a traction motor and an axial gearbox.

Method for substantiating the spheres of application of shunting locomotives at sorting stations

Shunting work on sorting wagons is carried out on steeper profiles and requires the operation of shunting diesel locomotives of a higher power. Many sorting operations use double traction of shunting locomotives in conditions of the highly outdated fleet of shunting diesel locomotives. However, the technology of operating two shunting locomotives requires substantiation of its scope of application. In this article, using the example of station “X”, the technology of disbanding trains from the sorting hump is investigated in two ways: the first is the existing technology (work on disbanding trains is carried out using two shunting locomotives of the TEM-2 series), shunting locomotive of TEM-7 series. It has been determined that in the existing technology, the required processing capacity of the hill approaches its maximum value. When using the TEM-7 diesel locomotive, the maximum processing capacity of the hill increases by 27%. The sphere of efficiency of the TEM-7 series locomotive instead of two TEM-2 was substantiated by the method of technical and economic calculations.

On the Issue of Efficiency of Shunting Diesel Locomotives at Cargo Terminals

The main shunting operations at the cargo terminal compose of supply of cars for loading and their removal after unloading. The article describes the modes of operation of a shunting diesel locomotive performing these operations. The procedure for calculating in the form of an algorithm for determining performance indicators of a shunting locomotive is given, followed by the results of calculations for performing a technological operation of supplying cars for loading and removing them after unloading by a ChME3 diesel locomotive at the cargo terminal. The necessity of increasing the requirements for quality of control decisions made by drivers of shunting diesel locomotives is determined. The criterion for evaluating the use of one or another locomotive control mode has been adjusted. These studies are aimed at ensuring control in the most efficient way, providing for a reduction in fuel consumption by shunting diesel locomotives and thereby reducing the cost of shunting work at the cargo terminal, the costs for owners of cargo terminals. Also, a comparative analysis of the use of various options for controlling a diesel locomotive for the most common operation, supply of five cars for loading and their removal after unloading, at the cargo terminal under specified operating conditions is performed and presented. The cost of fuel saved through the use of a rational mode of control of a shunting locomotive has been determined.

Problems of creating a promising biaxial bogie of a shunting diesel locomotive

Recently, in domestic and foreign practice, shunting and industrial diesel locomotives with hydraulic transmission are replaced by diesel locomotives with electric transmission and the number of axles from 2 to 4, which allows reducing the cost of fuel and repair. Accordingly, the problem arises of creating a biaxial bogie of a shunting diesel locomotive with power transmission, as much as possible unified with a triaxial non-pedestal bogie with a wheel diameter of 1050 mm. The analysis of a possible version of a biaxial shunting diesel locomotive revealed the insufficiency of the existing scientific backlog for a rational choice of design solutions. The need has been established to conduct research on irregularities of access tracks of industrial enterprises to determine the effect of dynamic unloading of diesel locomotive axles on coupling properties and to study its horizontal dynamics by modeling methods with experimental verification of the result on diesel locomotives already produced in order to determine typical options for cross-link nodes between the bogie and the body. For a traction drive with a rigid gear wheel, when assessing the load of nodes under the action of a dynamic moment in the drive, it is impossible to accept the assumption of the shockless nature of the processes in the traction drive and neglect the wheel slippage along the rail, which makes it impossible to correctly model dynamic processes in the drive, and to use previously known empirical regularities for the design of suspension devices for traction electric motors fail according to the layout of the nodes. In order to reduce possible errors in the design of a new individual traction drive for shunting diesel locomotives in conditions of insufficient scientific reserve, it is proposed to choose the option with an elastic gear wheel and suspension with articulated movable links already tested on mainline diesel locomotives that do not have special shock-absorbing elements. Variants of such a suspension are proposed, in which the traction motors are moved relative to the bogie frame with a short length between the axes of the upper and lower hinges, as well as the possibility of its unification with pendulum and spring traverse suspensions. A patent for an invention and two patents for a utility model were obtained for the proposed solutions.

Research of a Hybrid Diesel Locomotive Power Plant Based on a Free-Piston Engine

This article describes one of the possible ways for improving the energy efficiency of shunting diesel locomotives. It means a replacing a traditional traction electric transmission with a diesel generator set with a hybrid transmission with a free-piston internal combustion engine and a linear generator. The absence of a crankshaft in an internal combustion engine makes it possible to reduce thermal and mechanical losses, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the efficiency of traction electric transmission of the diesel locomotive.

Prospective model of the hybrid shunting diesel locomotive

In the article, the studies are performed which confirm dependence of fuel consumption of the shunting locomotive on the train driving mode. Using a hybrid power plant in the shunting diesel locomotive is proposed, which can help significantly reduce fuel consumption, since shunting will mostly be powered by an alternative power source, and provide high environmental cleanliness of the locomotive both with the basic DC motor and the proposed new traction motor type – switched reluctance motor.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ARTIFICIAL ELECTRICAL CAPACITY FOR REDUCING THE PEAK LOAD OF MANOVER HEAT

The possibility of equipping a shunting diesel locomotive with an inert-capacitive energy storage device is being considered, which will smooth the load on the power plant and thereby reduce its power and mass and dimensions. The relatively frequent change in the operating mode of a shunting locomotive determines the efficiency and feasibility of equipping it with an energy storage device. In addition to smoothing the load on the power plant, the drive will allow energy to be recovered during braking, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the shunting diesel locomotive. The theoretical background for creating an inert-capacitive energy storage device, which is technically designed as a DC machine with a super flywheel, is presented. The use of flywheels on shunting diesel locomotives is justified by virtue of not rigid requirements for the total weight. Another advantage of the locomotive is the presence of an electromechanical transmission, which minimizes the development for it of the considered inert-capacitive drive

Inertial Capacitive Energy Storage Device for a Shunting Diesel Locomotive

The relatively frequent change in the operating mode of a shunting diesel locomotive determines efficiency and feasibility of equipping it with an energy storage device. In addition to smoothing the load on the power plant, the energy storage device will allow to regenerate energy during braking, thereby increasing energy efficiency of a shunting diesel locomotive. This topic is frequently discussed in World of Transport and Transportation Journal, that is the evidence of its timeliness. The theoretical background for developing an inertial capacitive energy storage device, which is technically designed as a DC machine with a super flywheel that makes it possible to smooth the load on the power plant, thereby reducing its power and mass and dimensions, is presented. The increase in mass thanks to the energy storage device can be compensated by a decrease in the mass of the engine. As the diesel locomotive is equipped with electromechanical transmission, then it minimizes the framework of development for it of a considered inertial capacitive drive, making it even more advantageous. The article provides initial calculations and circuits.

Analysis of ways of increasing the energy efficiency of traction electric transmission of shunting diesel locomotive

The article is devoted to the problems of increasing the energy efficiency of traction electric transmission of a shunting diesel locomotive. In the context of rising fuel costs, to maintain the competitiveness of rail transport, the issue of energy efficiency of the traction rolling stock, which accounts for about 90% of the total consumption of hydrocarbons by rail, is quite acute. At present, a number of measures have been investigated to improve the efficiency of diesel engines of locomotives, which allows getting an increase in the efficiency at the level of 1-5%. The use of new efficient types of electromechanical transducers with static converters, in turn, also enables us to reduce fuel and lubricant consumption by a diesel locomotive. However, solving the problem of energy efficiency in traction transmission of a locomotive requires a comprehensive approach. One of such approaches is the application of new types of diesel generator sets for locomotives – free-piston combustion engines with linear generators. The application of new designs of thermal engines makes it possible to significantly extend the possible limits of increasing the efficiency of diesel traction.

Substantiation of the Way of Modernization of Shunting Diesel Locomotives

Substantiation of the Way of Modernization of Shunting Diesel Locomotives

Накопитель энергии для транспортно-технологических машин

The possibility of equipping transport-technological machines with an inert-capacitive energy storage device is being considered, which will allow smoothing the load on the power plant and thereby reducing its power and mass and dimensions. The load of a number of transport-technological machines, such as excavators, bulldozers, shunting diesel locomotives, etc., is essentially uneven. The power of their power plant is determined by the peak load. Obviously, most of the time the power plant works in underloaded mode. The aim of the work is to develop a technical solution for compensation of peak loads of transport and technological machines. The research tasks are to build a mathematical model of an inert-capacitive energy storage. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the use of energy storage will allow to smooth the load on the power plant and thereby reduce its power and mass and dimensions. The relatively frequent change in the mode of operation of transport and technological machines determines the efficiency and feasibility of equipping them with energy storage. In addition to smoothing the load on the power plant, the drive will allow energy to be recovered when braking, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of the machine. The main research methods in the framework of this work are the methods of mathematical modeling and analysis. The methods used allow to obtain a reliable description of the objects under study. The theoretical background for creating an inert-capacitive energy storage device, which is technically designed as a DC machine with a super flywheel, is presented. The use of flywheels on transport-technological machines is justified by virtue of not rigid requirements for the total weight. Another advantage of some transport-technological machines is the presence of an electromechanical transmission, which minimizes the development for them of the considered inert-capacitive drive.

Регулювання процесу обігріву системи охолодження дизеля тепловоза ЧМЕ3

The technical condition of the locomotive fleet is critical. The bulk of the locomotives has already exhausted its resources and needs to be updated, especially as regards maneuver locomotives. In this case, there is a practical need to upgrade the fleet of diesel locomotives to meet the need for transportation and shunting operations. For this purpose, two main directions are proposed: the purchase of new units of locomotives or the modernization of existing ones. Recent research shows that complex modernization is gaining in increasing volumes and is the most promising direction for the renewal of diesel locomotives. One of the ways to upgrade the fleet of shunting diesel locomotives is its modernization. Taking into account the difficult economic situation in the country, it is expedient to carry out modernization at the locomotive depot due to the introduction of new energy-efficient devices into the construction. The expediency of updating shunting diesel locomotives is shown due to their modernization. Current is the introduction of heating systems for cooling diesel locomotives at the expense of built-in heaters. Models for determining the parameters of the heating of diesel cooling systems, oils in a water-oil heat exchanger and supercharging air have been developed. As a heat sink in the diesel locomotive, two liquid heaters "Thermo 350" manufactured by the German company "Webasto" are installed. The results of the tests of the heating system in the cold period of the year are presented and conclusions are derived from their results.

The impact of the type of operation on the parameters of a shunting diesel locomotive with hybrid power plant

In designing a traction vehicle it is necessary to take into account the type of field operation it is meant for. It was found out that during shunting operation a ChME3 diesel locomotive is in idling mode for almost half of its general running time. That is why, the introduction of a less powerful engine along with an energy storage device for shunting operations at a shunting diesel locomotive is appropriate. The calculations were made using a modernized shunting diesel locomotive ChME3 with hybrid transmission of power as an example. The dependences of the general running time of a diesel locomotive on the position of the engine driver controller under performing shunting, transportation and hump operation were given in percentages. For every operation mode there was calculated the optimum power of a diesel-generator plant and the optimum energy capacity of an energy storage system taking into account the above-mentioned dependences. It was found out that due to the introduction of a hybrid drive for the section discussed above and the corresponding mass of a train the aggregate fuel consumption will be reduced by 25% and the efficiency of travel will increase by one third.

Definition of capacity of a shunting diesel locomotive in view of a place of his operation

The method for determining the capacity of shunting diesel locomotives in view of their operation features, based on using the regression analysis is given in the paper. Herewith, the main objective of the research was to identify new relationships between the factors, which practically are not considered today by current standard indicators. Using modern technical solutions allowed to create a special electronic system (mode-meter), which allowed to quantify the useful operation time of shunting locomotive per a working shift, its loading level by various shunting operations, as well as compare them with the locomotive fuel economy. Based on the regression analysis, simulation of these parameters, which allowed to determine the necessary capacity level of its propulsion system during operation at a specific worksite was conducted. The significance and importance of coefficients of the obtained regression equation was defined on PC using special software. At that, the obtained function was tested for extremum, and the optimal values of its components were found. Based on the simulation results, universal nomograms for practical definition of the required power of shunting diesel locomotives to perform simple station and hump-export works depending on the volume, capacity utilization factor, time of locomotive useful operation per shift (for station shunting) or shunting stock mass (for hump-export works), as well as fuel consumption per shift were developed.