Shunt Filter Research Articles

A Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Feeder Reconfiguration and Setting to Minimize the Power Loss and Improve Voltage Profile

Using devices such as unified power quality conditioners (UPQCs) in distribution networks seems essential for higher electricity quality. Moreover, distribution network reconfiguration is a suitable model for improving network characteristics, including loss reduction and voltage increase for distribution networks, and is widely used in this era. Here, the study discusses the rechanging of distribution networks for UPQC via proposing an appropriate model for it. In addition to the optimum structure of distribution networks, the most appropriate branch where UPQC must be located and the most appropriate reactive power size with which series and shunt filters must be injected into the grid are determined. The simulations have been applied on two 69‐ and 84‐standard‐bus networks. The results of the simulations indicate much power loss reduction and much voltage increase in the presence of UPQC compensators.

THD analysis and stability enhancement of PID controller in SRF-based shunt active filter under different design criteria using GWO technique

Power electronic devices are essential to industrial processes, research, and development, it provides high efficiency, low cost, fast operation, and ideal dimensions. Power systems are significantly affected by harmonics, which are mainly generated by non-linear loads and power conversion technologies, including static converters, breakers, cycloconverters, battery charging systems, and heating components. Various filtering methods are available for harmonic suppression, among which the active power shunt filter is one of the most significant and effective. Harmonics are suppressed and system efficiency is improved using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) approach. The design criteria are integrated into the cost function itself. Using various design criteria, the performance of a shunt active power filter is investigated. The design criteria used are Integral square error (ISE), Integral absolute error (IAE), Integral time absolute error (ITAE), and Integral time square error (ITSE) with ITAE having the best performance.

Network current quality enhancement under nonlinear and unbalanced load conditions using a four-wire inverter-based active shunt filter

The flow of a large current in the neutral conductor of a transmission system is one of the major problems caused by harmonic pollution. This current can assume excessive values and even exceed the current flowing in the phases which can be extremely dangerous both for the equipment and the safety of the personnel. Currently, the parallel or shunt active filter (SAF) or parallel active filter is considered as the most effective solution to mitigate harmonic pollution and restore a sinusoidal current waveform in electrical distribution networks. The SAF can be used to compensate for harmonic currents, as well as that of the reactive power. This paper proposes a SAF circuit based on a four-arm inverter topology. The designed SAF is shown to lead to better harmonic compensation with a reduced THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) level in the presence of nonlinear and unbalanced loads in the network. The other goal of this study is to eliminate the neutral current caused by the unbalance in the polluting loads connected to the distribution network, achieve a near-sinusoidal current waveform and protect the electric network equipment.

Improving Power Quality and Mitigation of Harmonic Distortion Impact at Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle Charging System

This article offers a clear and realistic design for an active power filter to increase reliability and power quality of the photovoltaic charging system and a high-penetration electric vehicle distribution system. The MOPSO algorithm is used as the basis for problems with optimization and filter tuning. A typical regular load curve is used to model the warped power grid over a 24-hour cycle to estimate the total harmonic distortion (THD). For structures with high penetration of electric cars, the probability of minimizing THD (for example to five percent) is explored via optimum capacity active shunt filters and shunt capacitors. To maximize general performance of the charging system, the switching systems are re-scheduled. Moreover, to increase the current control accuracy of shunt active filter, the fuzzy logic controller is utilized. The major drawback to new system is that it would have unrestricted billing for entire day to cope with voltage interruption. In MATLAB / SIMULINK, detailed machine setup and control algorithm experiments are simulated. The simulation findings confirm the efficiency and viability of projected shunt active filter to enhance voltage profile and track power performance of photovoltaic charging system.

Experimental validation of solar PV sustained ZSI based unified active power filter for enrichment of power quality

The deployment of power electronic devices has become a big concern for power quality in these days. The voltage stabilization of power distribution networks interconnected with Photo Voltaic (PV) is very critical in promoting the smooth operation of all linked devices in the distribution system. Voltage profile maintenance is one of the challenges in PV integration into the grid. Conventional devices such as passive filters, series and shunt filters, synchronous condensers, etc. are insufficient to alleviate numerous problems of power quality. The series compensator is used for voltage quality and the shunt compensator is used for current quality. Also, if these two problems of power quality are simultaneously mitigated, the device is used in the distribution system known as Unified Active Power Filter (UAPF). The shunt and series compensator of UAPF is equipped with a Z-source inverter(ZSI). This paper addresses voltage and current associated existing power quality concerns which including voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage and current distortion and simulates the UAPF device to alleviate these problems. The Unit Vector Template Generation (UVTG) with Improved Second Order Generalized Integrator (ISOGI) based Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is utilized for UAPF controller simulation and experimental results validated the proposed work.

Biomass Power Plant and its Harmonic Mitigation by Single Tuned Passive Shunt Filter

This paper presents the actual case study of a direct combustion biomass to electricity generation power plant. Conventional fuel sources used for generation of electricity may vanish in future hence biomass to electricity generation gives an important option. The development of biomass conversion technologies and their economic adoption has vast scope in India. In recent times / days electronically switched and nonlinear type of loads are used and applied by most of the consumers. When nonlinear types of loads are connected with supply, they introduce harmonics in the system, which produces so many bad effects such as increase in losses, resonance effect, malfunction of protective systems, saturation of magnetic core, decrease in efficiency etc. hence it is essential to mitigate the harmonics within the set limits. Traditionally single tuned passive shunt filters are most economical and efficient type of filters and are most widely used for almost all applications of harmonic mitigation. An analytical model of synchronous generator with nonlinear load is initially developed by using MATLAB. The simulation results with and without application of single tuned passive shunt filters are analyzed on power quality parameters such as VTHD and ITHD by using FFT analysis with achievement of harmonic mitigation.

ANALISIS EFESIENSI TRAFO DAYA TERHADAP PENGOPERASIAN BEBERAPA JENIS HARMONIC FILTER

Nonlinear load is one of the causes of harmonics in utility systems. To reduce harmonicdistortion that appears, usually in utility systems, Harmonic Filters are operated such as:passive filters, active filters, series hybrid filters and hybrid shunt filters. Harmonic distortion thatoccurs will increase losses in the utility system. Losses that appear will affect the efficiency ofthe Power transformer being operated. From the analysis results, the order of the best to worstfilter efficiency is hybride filter (? = 97.26%), active filter (? = 96.72%) and passive filter (? =95.73%).

Power quality improvement by active shunt filter with hysterisis current controller

The important power quality worries presently is the extent of disturbances. Shunt active filters generally registered in power circulation grids to lighten current wave disturbance & balance the reactive power. At here instant reactive power theory is employ to get attribution balance current for the command of the shunt active filter [5] & hysteresis current controller is employed to incorporate it accurately. Hysteresis current controller is one of the easiest current control processes & the better approved one for active power filter applications, but it endures though an unlike switching frequency, to trounce this drawback an ovate fuzzy hysteresis current controller is being preferred. Presently used controller is designed by clarity as an output of decreasing the length of computations that construct it improve speedy & not depend on burden specifications. The structure was designed & replicates using.MATLAB/SIMULINK. The outputs are shown & described they represent the accurate of the used fuzzy hysteresis controller in increasing the PWM characteristics & thus raise the shunt active power filter characteristics.

Mitigation of power quality issues using UPQC

Abstract Power quality has become major concern these days due to application of power electronic devices. Conventional equipment like passive filter, segregate series and shunt filters and synchronous condenser etc. have become inadequate to mitigate different power quality problems. Since, power quality mainly concerned with voltage quality and the current quality in the system. For voltage quality, series compensator is used and for current quality, shunt compensator is used. Further, when these two power quality problems are mitigated simultaneously, the device, which is used, called unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), in power distribution system. In this paper voltage related power quality problems such as (voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage and current distortion) are discussed and UPQC controller is simulated to mitigate these problems. There are different control techniques available for UPQC. Here one of them i.e., unit vector template generation (UVTG) is used to simulate UPQC controller. The considered system efficiently regulated the DC link voltage using properly tuned PI parameters. The proposed work is also validated using experimental results.

Stability Analysis of Power System using FACT Controller i

The Stability of power system is influenced by different elements such as harmonic distortion attributed to non-linear loads, like unregulated voltage and unstudy current because of sag and swell and switching capacity. One of the effective methods is to make use of an integrated circuit of active shunt and series power filters such as Unified power quality conditioner in short called as UPQC. Such instrument binds a active shunt power filter with a active series power filter in Sequential formation, to simultaneously make up for the regular supply of voltage and current or to remove voltage and current disturbances in a power allocation and networking system. In present article, a latest layout of Unified power quality conditioner in short called as UPQC has been presented, consisting of a electromechanical device such as Direct current to direct current converter and the storage device joined to the dirct current (DC) link of the UPQC to counter the voltage disturbances.

Harmonic Reduction Using Shunt Active Filter for Electrical Installation

This paper presents harmonic reduction using an active shunt filter for hospital building electrical installation. Generally, harmonic installation in electric power systems is caused by non-linear electrical loads, especially the ones containing coils, such as air conditioners, pump machines, fans, and others. It might cause excessive heat in a distribution transformer which supplies an electrical installation in a multi-story building. In this regard, the heat is a power loss and has the potential to shorten the life of a distribution transformer, and therefore, efforts are needed to reduce harmonics. The use of active filters is one of the most effective strategies for reducing harmonics. In this study, a shunt active filter application in the electrical installation of a hospital building was carried out. The results showed the filter reduced harmonic currents significantly, to the extent that the harmonic threshold was still under the IEEE standard.

Analysis and Design of Outphasing Transmitter Using Class-E Power Amplifiers With Shunt Capacitances and Shunt Filters

In this paper, a novel outphasing power amplifier (PA) based on class-E amplifiers with shunt capacitances and shunt filters is proposed. The new design provides high drain efficiency for both peak and back-off power levels. A mathematical model for the class-E power amplifier with shunt capacitance and shunt filter is presented. The proposed model enables derivation of load circuit parameters that provide optimum drain efficiency for the peak and back-off power levels using closed form mathematical expressions. Based on this model, an outphasing power amplifier is designed and subsequently implemented using microstrip transmission lines and a GaN HEMT devices. The fabricated power amplifier prototype is optimized for 2.14 GHz and provides drain efficiency of over 60% for back-off power levels up to 8.5 dB. The amplifier demonstrates a 44.3% drain efficiency for 64QAM OFDM modulated signal with 20 MHz bandwidth. Adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of −39.5 dB and error vector magnitude (EVM) of 0.9 % were achieved after the application of a memory polynomial linearization algorithm.

Power Quality Improvement in DG System using BOA based Interlined Unified Power Quality Conditioner

To improve the power quality of multi-feeder distribution system, this paper proposes a concept of Interline Power Flow Controller (IUPQC). IUPQC is a structure of two filters such as, series and shunt filters. The causes for poor power quality of system is due to harmonics, power factor variations and changes in system voltage. The purpose of these converters is to mitigate the PQ issues. The reference signals required for series and shunt converters of iUPQC system is generated with the help of conventional controllers and PWM controllers. The PLL used to match the phase sequence of converters. For obtaining better improvement in Power Quality this paper is implemented with one of the optimization technique such as Bull Optimization Technique (BOA). The purpose of BOA is used to control the DC Link Voltage of iUPQC. With the help of this BOA technique, the variations in voltage and current are reduced to enhance the power quality. The effectiveness of this proposed system with BOA technique is tested and verified using Matlab/ Simulink environment.

Pengaruh Fuzzy Logic Controller Pada Pengoperasian Filter Aktif Shunt Terhadap Penurunan ITHD dan Rugi-Rugi Daya Pada Sistem Kelistrikan RSUD Klungkung

RSUD Klungkung is supplied by a transformer with a capacity of 200 kVA. The use of non-linear loads in Klungkung Hospital can cause harmonic currents (ITHD). The greater the harmonic current produced, the quality of the electrical power will get worse, causing losses to the transformer. The installation of active shunt filters and the use of fuzzy logic controllers as controllers on filters can reduce the harmonics that occur in the electrical system. The results of ITHD measurements on existing conditions for R phase are 11.23%, S phase is 14.72%, and T phase is 11.20%. The ITHD value decreased when the system was paired with a shunt active filter for R phase of 5.24%, S phase was 7.18%, and T phase was 5.34%. The ITHD value has decreased again when the use of fuzzy logic controller for R phase is 0.15%, S phase is 0.17%, and T phase is 0.11%. Decreasing ITHD values affect the losses generated on the system. In the existing conditions losses are 10.525%, losses in the operation of the shunt active filter are 1.352%, and the use of fuzzy logic controller produces the smallest losses of 0.00035%.

Generalized Class-E Power Amplifier With Shunt Capacitance and Shunt Filter

This paper presents a generalized analysis of the Class-E power amplifier (PA) with a shunt capacitance and a shunt filter, leading to a revelation of a unique design flexibility that can be exploited either to extend the maximum operating frequency of the PA or to allow the use of larger active devices with higher power handling capability. The proposed PA fulfills zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero voltage derivative switching (ZVDS) conditions, resulting in a theoretical dc-to-RF efficiency of 100%. Explicit design equations for the load-network parameters are derived, and the analytical results are confirmed by harmonic-balance simulations. Two PA prototypes were constructed with one designed at low frequency and the other at high frequency. The first PA, which employs a MOSFET and a lumped-element load-network, delivered a peak drain efficiency $(\!D\!E)$ of 93.3% and a peak output power of 37 dBm at 1 MHz. The second PA, which employs a GaN HEMT and a transmission-line (TL) load-network to provide the drain of the transistor with the required load impedances at the fundamental frequency as well as even and odd harmonic frequencies, delivered a peak $D\!E$ of 90.2% and a peak output power of 39.8 dBm at 1.37 GHz.

Modified Recursive Least Square Algorithm for THD Reduction using Shunt Active Power Filter in Grid

In industrial and utility power system it has been observed that harmonics build a major role in reducing the quality of power. These harmonics are caused because of increasingly utilize of nonlinear loads connected to the power system. In this context, active power filters play a very significant role for improvement in power quality. Moreover, at transmission ground, there is a high requirement to control reactive power and voltage stability. Conventionally, passive and active filters (shunt and series filters) were used for the development of power quality. But, they suffered from the issues like resonance, fixed compensation, and other heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the designed.

Damping Harmonic Distortion Using Active Filter with PID Control at Udayana University Faculty of Engineering Bukit Jimbaran

Increased THD (Total Harmonics Distortion) in the utility, caused by the increasing operation of non-linear loads. High THD current (THDi) will affect the increase of power losses in the power system. In this study, THD analysis of the simulation results was performed according to IEEE 519-2014 standard on existing condition, shunt active filter operating condition and shunt active filter operating conditions with PID (proportional integral derivative) control, also analyzed losses before and after harmonic impact. The result of losses analysis on existing condition: losses phases R 3.38%, phase S 2.29%, phase T 3.33%. Total losses on existing condition 9.01%. Operation with active shunt filter is obtained losses for phase R 1.60%, phase S 2.46%, phase T 1.67%, so the total losses become 5.73%. While using the active filter with PID control for losses phase R 1.02%, phases S 0.89%, phases T 0.99%, so the total losses fell to 2.18%

Mitigation of Power Quality Issues Due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Grid Systems Using Three-Phase APF/STATCOM Technologies: A Review

This study summarizes an analytical review on the comparison of three-phase static compensator (STATCOM) and active power filter (APF) inverter topologies and their control schemes using industrial standards and advanced high-power configurations. Transformerless and reduced switch count topologies are the leading technologies in power electronics that aim to reduce system cost and offer the additional benefits of small volumetric size, lightweight and compact structure, and high reliability. A detailed comparison of the topologies, control strategies and implementation structures of grid-connected high-power converters is presented. However, reducing the number of power semiconductor devices, sensors, and control circuits requires complex control strategies. This study focuses on different topological devices, namely, passive filters, shunt and hybrid filters, and STATCOMs, which are typically used for power quality improvement. Additionally, appropriate control schemes, such as sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and space vector PWM techniques, are selected. According to recent developments in shunt APF/STATCOM inverters, simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of APF/STATCOM systems for harmonic mitigation based on the defined limit in IEEE-519.

Real‐time implementation of optimal operation of single‐stage grid interfaced PV system under weak grid conditions

This study presents a real-time implementation of the optimal operation of a single-stage three-phase grid interfaced solar photovoltaic (PV) system with active shunt filter capabilities. The control approach is based on the least logarithmic absolute difference with an adaptive filtering technique. It serves manifold objectives of power quality improvements in the distribution network as well as grid side abnormalities such as voltage distortions, voltage sag and voltage swell. The proposed control algorithm has advantages of better steady state as well as dynamic performances as compared to conventional algorithms. The perturb and observe-based maximum power point tracking algorithm is used to harness crest power from the PV array. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink platform using Simscape power systems toolbox and its performance is compared with conventional algorithms. A prototype of the proposed system is developed in the laboratory and its responses are found satisfactory under various operating conditions such as load unbalancing, reactive power compensation, variable solar insolation, voltages distortion, voltage sag and voltage swell. The total harmonic distortions of grid currents and grid voltages are found within limits of an IEEE-519 standard.

Analysis and Design of N-Path RF Bandstop Filters Using Walsh-Function-Based Sequence Mixing

Impedance translation using passive N-path mixers has been used to achieve local oscillator (LO)-defined series bandstop and shunt bandpass filtering. In this paper, we generalize N-path filtering using a correlator-based approach and propose N-path passive mixers driven by orthogonal sequences. Such sequence-driven N-path filters can potentially reject or select signals based on their properties in the spectral, spatial, and code domains. Specifically, a Walsh-function (WF) sequence (WF-seq)-based N-path shunt filter is implemented, demonstrating the feasibility of shunt bandstop filtering using LO sequences other than nonoverlapping pulses. The WF-seq approach enables reconfigurable concurrent filtering at two different frequencies with shunt operation avoiding penalties due to the switch drive overlap. A 65-nm CMOS implementation achieves 20-dB rejection at one frequency and 14-dB rejection concurrently at two frequencies between 0.3 and 1.4 GHz. The reconfigurable bandstop filter is implemented using analog gyrators and consumes 35–62.5 mW and achieves 2.9-dB noise figure and −2.5–5-dBm IIP3.