Shunt Filter Research Articles

Optimal design of hybrid green energy powered reduced switch converter based shunt active power filter using horse herd algorithm

Renewable energy sources are playing a leading role in today's world. However, integrating these sources into the distribution network through power electronic devices can lead to power quality (PQ) challenges. This work addresses PQ issues by utilizing a shunt active power filter in combination with an Energy Storage System (ESS), a Wind Energy Generation System (WEGS), and a Solar Energy System. While most previous research has relied on complex methods like the synchronous reference frame (SRF) and active-reactive power (pq) approaches, this work proposes a simplified approach by using a neural network (NN) for generating reference signals, along with the design of a five-level reduced switch voltage source converter. The gain values of the proportional-integral controller (PIC), as well as the parameters for the shunt filter, boost, and buck-boost converters in the WEGS and ESS, are optimally selected using the horse herd optimization algorithm. Additionally, the weights and biases for the neural network (NN) are also determined using this method. The proposed system aims to achieve three key objectives: (1) stabilizing the voltage across the DC bus capacitor; (2) reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) and improving the power factor; and (3) ensuring superior performance under varying demand and PV irradiation conditions. The system's effectiveness is evaluated through three different testing scenarios, with results compared against those obtained using the genetic algorithm, biogeography-based optimization (BBO), as well as conventional SRF and pq methods with PIC. The results clearly demonstrate that the proposed method achieves THD values of 3.69%, 3.76%, and 4.0%, which are lower than those of the other techniques and well within IEEE standards. The method was developed using MATLAB/Simulink version 2022b.

Design of solar and energy storage systems fed reduced switch multilevel converter with flower pollination optimization

In the present situation, the growing use of power electronic devices and non-linear loads has led to power quality (PQ) issues, including harmonics and poor power factor, which adversely affect the distribution network. This study contributes a design of shunt active power filter, powered by solar energy and energy storage systems, to address these PQ issues. To minimize losses, a five-level reduced-switch voltage source converter has been considered. Additionally, a neural network-based reference signal generation method is used, eliminating the need for conventional synchronous reference frame and active-reactive power theories, along with their complex abc and αβ0 transformations. This work also includes the optimal selection of the shunt filter and the gain parameters for the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller used in the shunt and battery control system. These parameters, along with the weights and biases of the neural network, are optimally determined using a nature-inspired flower pollination optimization algorithm.The proposed system has three primary objectives: (1) stabilizing the voltage across the DC bus capacitor, (2) reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) and improving the power factor (PF), and (3) ensuring the power management under the varying irradiation and load conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated through three testing scenarios, with results compared to conventional SRF and pq methods using a proportional-integral controller (PIC). The analysis reveals that the THD for the case studies is 3.32 %, 2.93 %, and 3.98 %, significantly lower than the other techniques compared. Additionally, the PF is nearly at unity, with a lower settling time of 0.05 s for the DC bus voltage.

Intelligent Solar PV Grid Connected and Standalone UPQC for EV Charging Station Load

The insertion of renewable energy sources into the grid, as well as the development of power electronics technology to regulate loads that are not linear, had an impact on power quality (PQ). This study focuses on the PQ enhancement of grid-connected and standalone solar PV systems (SPVS) with battery energy storage device (BESD) for the Electric vehicle (EV) charging station (EVCS) load in addition to the local load. Here, a hybrid control strategy that uses both the superior qualities of the sliding mode controller (SMC) and the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is suggested for the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC's) shunt filter. It's major goal is to achieve steady DC capacitance voltage (SVDC) during load (like EVCS, non linear balanced/unbalanced etc.) and irradiation variations, diminish of total harmonic distortion (THD) in source current and load voltage, and mitigate sag, swell disturbances, and source voltage unbalances. The created model's performance is assessed using two scenarios (grid and island) under four case studies with varying combinations of loads and grid voltage circumstances. However, to establish the superiority of the proposed technology, comparative research with standard technologies such as proportional integral controller (PIC) and SMC controllers is required. THD is reduced by the proposed method to 2.25 %, 2.36 %, and 1.71 %, It is inferior to the current approaches found in the survey.

An Experimental Analysis of Three-Phase Low-Voltage Power Factor Controllers Used in a Deforming Regime

In industry, to improve the power factor in low-voltage power substations, a power factor controller (the most used method) can be installed which connects capacitors banks (connected, or not, with coils) in the electrical installation. The most important parameters of power engineering are the power factors that indicate the efficiency of energy use. Currently, many non-linear consumers (more single-phase than three-phase) are used on low voltages. Harmonics (currents and/or voltages) are the most important dynamic component of power quality, affecting electrical equipment performance and also reducing power factors. The purpose of this analysis is to increase the displacement power factor and to decrease the total harmonic distortion (for the current) in the conditions where there are linear and non-linear consumers, where the power factor must be improved with capacitors banks. Relevant different consumers have been selected for both the industry and the home sector, as follows: inductive motors that are linear, inductive consumers, compact fluorescent lamps that are non-linear, and capacitive consumers. This analysis was carried out depending on the number of steps used for the power factor controller, the values of the capacitors banks, the AC reactor (connected in series with all consumers), and the LC shunt filters. For a slight deformation regime, a large number of capacitors banks with different values ensure a finer adjustment of the displacement factor. The maximum number of steps that regulators can command should not necessarily be used (the reliability of the installation decreases with the increase in the number of capacitors banks), but a reduced number of steps can be used, which can lead to higher values of displacement power factors. To improve the deforming regime and to increase the displacement power factor, the use of LC shunt filters, connected to a small number of steps, will also increase the displacement power factor (over 0.9) and decrease the total harmonic distortion (up to 7–10%) for the current. Weaker results were obtained with AC reactors connected to the power supply phases of consumers and, if a larger number of stages were used, to which LC shunt filters were connected, these filters become difficult to calibrate (resonances occur).

Green energy-sourced AI-controlled multilevel UPQC parameter selection using football game optimization

The power quality (PQ) has been significantly affected by the integration of intermittent non-conventional sources (NCS) into the local distribution system in addition to the adoption of power electronic technologies to regulate non-linear loads. This article combines the H-bridge cascade five-level unified power quality conditioner (5L-UPQC) with the wind power generation system (WPGS), solar photovoltaic power generation system (SPVGS), and battery storage system (BSS) as an effective approach to address PQ problems. The utilization of the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP)-trained Artificial neural network controller (ANNC) in the UPQC is recommended for generating appropriate reference signals for the converters. This eliminates the requirement for conventional complex conversions, such as abc, dq0, and αβ. Moreover, the artificial neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) is recommended for achieving a DC-link balance. Football game optimization (FBGO) is utilized to determine the optimal shunt and series filter characteristics. The major objectives of the proposed system are to reduce the current waveform irregularities, resulting in a decrease in the total harmonic distortion (THD), an enhancement in the power factor (PF), the mitigation of supply voltage imbalances and disturbances, and the maintenance of a steady direct-current link capacitor voltage (DLCV), despite the variations in the load, solar irradiation, and wind velocity. The efficiency of the suggested strategy is assessed using four case studies that involve different loads, variable wind velocities, and source voltage balancing conditions. Based on the simulation studies and obtained results, the suggested method significantly decreases the THD to values of 2.91%, 3.63%, 3.75%, and 3.50%. Additionally, it achieves a power factor of unity, which is considerably lower compared to other multilevel schemes that use the traditional symmetrical reference frame (SRF) and instantaneous reactive power (pq) methods. This design has been executed using the MATLAB/Simulink program.

Power quality enhancement of hybrid renewable energy source-based distribution system using optimised uPQC

ABSTRACT Generally, the Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) may meet entire load requirements while the wind turbine and PV array are still not providing energy, which enhances the reliability of the power system's distribution. The primary aim of the presented research is to produce a framework for enhancing power quality in hybrid devices attached to renewable sources via an optimised fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) Controller in Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The source input is made up of RES. To address the PQ difficulties, the UPQC employs series and shunt filter management techniques. Utilizing suggested Adaptive Bald Eagle optimisation algorithm (ABE-OA), the variables are ideally optimised for greater control. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in PQ enhancement, the effectiveness of the developed system is evaluated to that of previous techniques. The proposed method achieved better rise time of 2042.5 and settling min of 19,999.

Design and Performance Analysis of a Neural Network Sliding Mode based Hybrid Controlled Islanded Micro-Grid

The micro-grid fed shunt voltage source converter, also known as a smart Artificial neural network and sliding mode controller (ANN-SMC) based hybrid system, is developed during this research for solar system, wind and battery storage connected shunt filter. Here, phased locked loop utilization is avoided by the self-tuning filter (STF). Move over, apart from producing phase synchronization, STF also distinguishes between the fundamental and harmonic components. Total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction and steady voltage across dc link during load variations with short settling times under both grid and island settings are the key goals of the recommended approach. Four scenarios with various combinations of loads, solar radiation, and wind speeds under islanding conditions are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the study.

A four-line active shunt filter to enhance the power quality in a microgrid

In recent years, power quality has become a major concern for electric network managers. Active filtering control schemes ensure improved power quality of the electric network and are able to maintain a desired voltage level at the point of connection, regardless of the current absorbed by nonlinear loads. Harmonics can cause vibrations, equipment distortion, losses and sweatiness in transformers. The main objective of this work is to enhance the quality of energy in a microgrid consisting of 100 kW photovoltaic (PV) system and a 50 kW battery storage connected to nonlinear and unbalanced loads. This paper proposes a the four-arm parallel active filter with a on Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to mitigate the harmonic problems in a microgrid. In addition, an algorithm has been designed to eliminate the neutral current. The identification function is one of the most particular approach for extracting harmonics, it involves providing a current reference imposed by the active filter in order to carry out the filtering operation. Both the performance and the quality of the current harmonic compensation's depend strongly on the strategy adopted for the generating the current reference. In this work, the instantaneous power strategy p-q is chosen outstanding the simplicity and effectiveness in implementation. The proposed control strategy has been tested under simulations and the results have shown good tracking of the references and a significant reduction in the Total Harmonic Distorsion (THD) level under highly unbalanced conditions of the nonlinear loads. The current THD is reduced from 43.64 before filtering to 3.74% after the application of the four-arm filter, following the recommendations of IEEE-519 standard (THD less than 5%).

Permanent magnet synchronous motor control performed using PI-backstepping with a model of harmonics reduction

This paper focuses on the control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) utilizing a non-linear adaptive PI-Backstepping design and a model of harmonics reduction approach that uses an active shunt filter followed by a cascade bandpass filter. While conventional backstepping may assure the system's stability, it is often imprecise. It creates a significant amount of static error, which has a detrimental effect on the system's behavior, such as disruptions and loads that might arise in industrial settings. We can assure minimum fixed errors and considerable interaction with uncertainty by integrating the PI controller with adaptive backstepping through robust Lyapunov functions. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the proposed controller's effectiveness.

Effect of Combination Shunt Passive Filter Harmonic and Detuned Reactor on the K-Factor Changes of Transformer

This paper describes the impact of changes in harmonic distortion on the value of the transformer K-Factor. The transformer has a capacity of 1.5 MVA and a K-Factor value of 1 under normal conditions. Techniques were installed to reduce harmonic distortion, shunt passive filter, and detuned reactor. Several condition scenarios were created to compare changes in harmonic distortion's value to the K-factors value. Scenario 1, the transformer works in harmonic conditions. The K-factor value of the transformer becomes 3.947101, and the new capacity of the transformer that can serve the load becomes 1.27 MVA. Scenario 2, a passive shunt filter was installed in the transformer circuit. Shunt passive filter can reduce IHD-V and THD-V values on PCC but increase IHD-I and THD-I values on the load side. The k-factor value fell to 1.5775, and the new capacity of the transformer increased to 1.44 MVA. The novelty of this paper is in scenario 3, a combination of a passive shunt filter and a detuned reactor was installed in the transformer circuit. The detuned reactor can limit the harmonic current that enters the harmonic filter. As a result, all values, including IHD-V, THD-V, IHD-I, and THD-I fell below the maximum harmonic distortion limit. The k-factor value fell to 1.0361, and the new capacity of the transformer increased to 1.49 MVA. The existence of a detuned reactor has been able to increase the performance of the passive shunt filter. The impact of the detuned reactor for future research is that it can be used to protect important equipment in the electric power system.

Power Quality Enhancement Using Passive Power Filters

AbstractHarmonics in Power system are dangerous in electrical distribution power systems. Harmonics in the line current promotes instability, losses and also the voltage distortion. Due to properties of power electronics converters, power lines have become highly polluted. The problems of bad power quality are due to higher switching frequencies and the non‐linearity properties of power electronic devices. So, to compensate these problems priority is being given to the development of Power Filters. Both types of filters, i.e., passive and active are often used for harmonics producing load to avoid distortions. Shunt type filters influences the harmonic reduction at medium or high voltage level, whereas active filters have been declared for low or medium voltage ratings. Along distinct applications consisting the reactive power and harmonics compensation, passive filters are found to be suitable. Passive filters have been adopted for harmonic compensation in distribution systems due to low cost, integrity, reliability, and controls less operation. Therefore, to mitigate these harmonics, different topologies of passive filters are designed and their different combined performances in MATLAB/Simulink are evaluated. The filter can compensate harmonic currents, reactive power, and power factor. The simulation results presented in this research show that the proposed approach can provide good dynamic and steady‐state performance.

Performance Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Controller for PV and Battery Connected UPQC

Nowadays, integration of the non-conventional energy sources like wind, tidal, solar etc into the grid is suggested in order to minimize the losses in the distribution network and to meet the demand. The arrival of the power electronics equipments to control the nonlinear loads has made an impact on the power quality. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a FACTS device with the back to back converters, coupled together with a DC-Link capacitor. This paper suggests an intelligent hybrid controller for the solar Photo-voltaic system and Battery storage system integrated UPQC. The proposed controller adapts both the qualities of artificial neural network and Integral sliding-mode controller. The synchronization of phases is created by self tuning filter (STF) in association with unit vector generation method (STF-UVGM) for the superior performance of UPQC during the unbalanced/ distorted supply voltages conditions. Therefore, the necessity of Phase-locked-loop, Low pass filters and High pass filters are eliminated. However, STF is used for separating the Harmonic and Fundamental components. In addition, STF-UVGM was used for generation of synchronization phases of series and shunt filters. The prime objectives of the suggested artificial neural network integral sliding mode hybrid controller (ANNISMHC) are fast action to retain the DC-Link voltage to the constant value during load/ irradiation variations, diminish the harmonics in the current waveforms, power-factor enhancement, maximum mitigation of sag, swell and disturbances in supply voltage, and compensation for the unbalanced supply voltages. The working of suggested ANNISMHC was investigated on five test cases for several combinations of loads, and balanced/unbalanced supply voltages. However, to demonstrate supremacy of the suggested ANNISMHC comparative study with the different controllers those are available in literature and also with the standard controllers like PIC, SMC, and FLC. The ANNISMHC shows an extra-ordinary performance in diminishing THD thereby improving PF and reducing voltage distortions.

AI-Based Renewable Energy Inverter with Closed System Computational Control in Electricity Grids

Renewable energy is expanding worldwide. Most renewable power sources supply electricity temporarily, making them difficult to integrate into electricity infrastructure. Transceivers measure, operate, and protect renewable producers and power grids, making them an essential component in this grid connection that makes dispersed green electricity possible. The research describes a new control method to maximise energy converter performance in three-phase, four-wire distribution channels. An active filter lets inverters do many jobs. The inverter can work as both a voltage converter to inject RES-generated electricity into the grid and an active shunt filter to correct for load imbalance, harmonic current, reactive energy demand, and even with. You can do all of these things or pick and choose. A matrix inverter with a 3-phase 4-wire sequential imbalance load coupled at the common coupling can deceive the network into thinking they are a balancing load with the correct controls. DSP lab data supports MATLAB and Simulink simulation tests that show this innovative control paradigm.

A novel Algorithm Adaptive Autarchoglossans Lizard Foraging (AALF) in a shunt active power filter connected to MPPT-based photovoltaic array

Power quality issues often involve harmonics. Harmonics may harm capacitors, overheat equipment, cause motor instability, and increase neutral currents. A shunt filter is used as a harmonic compensation device. The world is moving towards more alternative energy due to its reduced cost. Nevertheless, because conventional energy has downsides of more pollution and higher cost, renewable energy is free of these problems and has higher demands nowadays. There are various conventional control techniques like constant instantaneous power control, Sinusoidal current control, synchronous reference frame and many more. But they lack in areas like less harmonic reduction, accuracy, speed and many more. This paper's main aim is to optimize the common constant instantaneous power control technique using a new adaptive autarchoglossans lizard foraging algorithm (AALF) to control a three-phase active power filter with a solar photovoltaic array installed at its DC-bus. The conventional and optimized control technique will be compared based on the source current THD and voltage THD under balanced supply conditions. The comparison method will be simulation done using MATLAB. In this paper, two key performance aspects will be discussed. They are THD and compensation time.

Optimal Design of an Artificial Intelligence Controller for Solar-Battery Integrated UPQC in Three Phase Distribution Networks

In order to minimize losses in the distribution network, integrating non-conventional energy sources such as wind, tidal, solar, and so on, into the grid has been proposed in many papers as a viable solution. Using electronic power equipment to control nonlinear loads impacts the quality of power. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a FACTS device with back-to-back converters that are coupled together with a DC-link capacitor. Conventional training algorithms used by ANNs, such as the Back Propagation and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms, can become trapped in local optima, which motivates the use of ANNs trained by evolutionary algorithms. This work presents a hybrid controller, based on the soccer league algorithm, and trained by an artificial neural network controller (S-ANNC), for use in the shunt active power filter. This work also presents a fuzzy logic controller for use in the series active power filter of the UPQC that is associated with the solar photovoltaic system and battery storage system. The synchronization of phases is created using a self-tuning filter (STF), in association with the unit vector generation method (UVGM), for the superior performance of UPQC during unbalanced/distorted supply voltage conditions; therefore, the necessity of the phase-locked-loop, low-pass filters, and high-pass filters are totally eliminated. The STF is used for separating harmonic and fundamental components, in addition to generating the synchronization phases of series and shunt filters. The prime objective of the suggested S-ANNC is to minimize mean square error in order to achieve a fast action that will retain the DC-link voltage’s constant value during load/irradiation variations, suppress current harmonics and power–factor enhancement, mitigate sagging/swelling/disturbances in the supply voltage, and provide appropriate compensation for unbalanced supply voltages. The performance analysis of S-ANNC, using five test cases for several combinations of loads/supply voltages, demonstrates the supremacy of the suggested S-ANNC. Comparative analysis was carried out using the GA, PSO, and GWO training methods, in addition to other methods that exist in the literature. The S-ANNC showed an extra-ordinary performance in terms of diminishing total harmonic distortion (THD); thus PF was improved and voltage distortions were reduced.

Some Considerations Regarding the Measurement of the Compensation Efficiency in Three-Phase Systems

The paper approaches some theories related to certain power components and power quality indices of active filtering. A brief review of the specialty literature tied to technical aspects of compensation based on active filtering is provided. Following that, the steps of a design created by the authors to perform active filtering with a shunt filter are provided. The developed filtering system was tested and experimental data were acquired on a test stand for different operational modes. The data acquired with and without filtering were compared in order to evaluate the filter efficiency. Data were analyzed and observations were made relative to the limits of one of the analyzed theories. It was concluded that another theory has to be used in order to define powers and indices for the quality of power/energy. The evaluation of compensation was made from a technical point of view, according to the standards in force for the domain of power/energy quality. It was noticed that electromagnetic interferences might occur between the active filter and the supplying network. Two indices are proposed by authors in order to provide a more accurate value for the active filtering efficiency considering the financial point of view. Examples for their utilization are provided in real cases.

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ККД БАГАТОФАЗНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЖИВЛЕННЯ ІЗ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯМ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ ПАРАЛЕЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОЇ ФІЛЬТРАЦІЇ

Minimizing energy losses and increasing the efficiency of a multiphase power supply system by increasing the load power factor using an active shunt filter (SAF) is analyzed. Two SAF control strategies are presented, which provide the maximum efficiency at close to the unit value of power factor or at sinusoidal symmetric currents of the power supply system with any number of phases for non-sinusoidal and asymmetric sources, nonlinear and asymmetric load, and the arbitrary ratio of the resistance of linear and neutral wires. It is shown that the use of direct information about the EMF of a multiphase source as a reference vector of the desired transmission line current does not improve the achieved result of efficiency maximization. A virtual experiment obtained and verified the formula for calculating the efficiency of a multiphase power supply system with an arbitrary load in the form of dependence on load factor and power factor. The power supply system's power factor was determined and experimentally confirmed when applying the SAF strategy to form sinusoidal symmetric currents of a multiphase source. References 10, figures 5.

An assessment of the share contributions of distortion sources for various load parameters

The method for assessing the contributions of distortion sources based on measuring consumer currents and calculating their projections onto the supply current vector is considered in the paper. Determination of contributions is carried out on the basis of the developed model of an industrial enterprise in the food industry in MATLAB Simulink software. This study presents various cases of simulation, including variable parameters of linear and non-linear consumer load, changes in parameters of external distortion sources and passive harmonic filters. It is shown that the considered method gives correct results in the absence of external distortions in the electrical grid. The considered criteria for the share contributions make it possible to estimate the most efficient place for installing a passive filter in the absence of external distortions. An indicator for evaluating external distortions has also been developed based on calculating the projection of the harmonic system current onto the harmonic current of the shunt filter at the considered frequency.

Mitigation of background harmonic amplification caused by offshore wind farm long AC cable integration

The high voltage alternating current transmission with submarine cables is the common scheme to integrate offshore wind farms close to the land. Due to the capacitive effect of AC cables, the association of the long AC cables and the onshore grid can cause resonances, which may amplify grid background harmonics. This paper focuses on the mitigation of background harmonic amplification caused by offshore wind farm integration. First, the background harmonic amplification mechanism in the offshore wind farm integration system is analysed qualitatively, and the mitigation approaches are given in principle. Then, taking a practical project as a study case, the harmonic modelling methods of the offshore grid and the onshore grid are elaborated, including the harmonic models of wind turbines, transformers, cables, the high voltage and the extra-high voltage transmission grid, and the low voltage distribution network. According to the established harmonic models, the cause of background harmonic amplification is analysed. On this basis, two mitigation methods of installing the series blocking filter and the shunt filter are compared and the recommended mitigation scheme is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by calculation results under different grid operating conditions.

Nonlinear Predictive Direct Power Control Based on Space Vector Modulation of 3-Phase 3-Level Solar PV Integrated Unified Power Quality Conditioner

This paper presents a hybrid feedback linearisation-based predictive direct power control strategies of the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) combined with a photovoltaic generator (PVG) using space vector modulation technique for power quality enhancement. The PVG-UPQC is acting as a universal conditioner for power quality enhancement and renewable energy integration simultaneously, and it mitigates harmonics in both voltage and current caused by nonlinear loads in addition to reactive power compensation. The PVG-UPQC is made up of a dc bus powered by the photovoltaic generator that connects shunt and series active power filters. The shunt filter functions as a current source and compensates for current harmonics. The series filter compensates for voltage harmonics and fluctuations such voltage sag/swell by acting as a voltage source. In order to enhance the performances of PVG-UPQC, a hybrid control method based on FL -PDPC combined with a three-level SVM controller is proposed. The aims are to deliver compensation signals faster and more accurately under a variety of load conditions, as well as eliminate voltage and current harmonics while maintaining good dynamic response. The performance of the suggested control scheme is validated by extensive simulation results obtained by Matlab/Simulink for a sensitive nonlinear load. These results are compared with those obtained with a linear PI controller proves the superiority and effectiveness of FL-PDPC controller.