Shrub Swamp Research Articles

Variation of carbon source and sink along the environmental gradient from lakeside to highlands in Yuanchi swamp wetlands, Changbai Mountains, China.

Lacustrine wetlands have long-term carbon storage capacity and contribute significantly to regional carbon cycle, but it is unclear how its carbon sinks respond to climate change. We measured soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions (CO2 and CH4), vegetation carbon sequestration, and related environmental factors (temperature, water level, etc.) of five kinds of natural swamps (Phragmites marsh-L, Carex schmidtii marsh-C, Rhododendron capitatum swamp-D, Betula fruticose swamp-H, Larix olgensis swamp-LT)by using static chamber gas chromatography and relative growth equation methods, along the water environmental gradients from lakeside to highlands in Yuanchi of Changbai Mountains. We quantified the carbon source/sink function (CSS) and global warming potential (GWP) of various swamp types by estimating ecosystem net carbon balance, and revealed the variation patterns and formation mechanisms of CSS and GWP along the environmental gradients, aiming to explore the response of carbon source/sink of lakeside wetland in high altitude area to climate change. The results showed that marshes (L and C) were weak sources (-1.018 and -0.090 t C·hm-1·a-1) at the lower habitats of the water environment gradient, shrub swamps (D and H) were strong or weak sinks (1.956 and 0.239 t C·hm-1·a-1) at the middle habitats, forest swamp (LT) was strong source (-3.214 t C·hm-1·a-1) at the upper habitat. The spatial changes were promoted by water level and suppressed by soil temperature. For GWP, strong thermal radiation for marshes (from 44.682 to 59.282 t CO2·hm-1·a-1), cold radiation for shrub swamps (from -0.920 to -7.008 t CO2·hm-1·a-1), and weak thermal radiation for forest swamp (11.668 t CO2·hm-1·a-1), and their GWP was only promoted by soil temperature. Under current climate change background, marshes and forest swamp at both ends of the water environment gradient from lakeside to highlands played a positive feedback effect due to the increases of CH4 or CO2 emissions, while the middle shrub swamp still maintained a negative feedback effect in Yuanchi located the high-altitude area of the temperate Changbai Mountains.

Monitoring and identifying forest burnt area using NBR Landsat and Landuse in Central Kalimantan

Forest fires are one of the phenomena that occur in peatlands in Indonesia. This incident is due to changes in landuse in peatland and occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time. This study aims to monitor and identify burnt areas and landuse changes in the Kahayan River and Sebangau Peat Hydrological Unit (PHU) Central Kalimantan. The analysis was carried out on the Landsat imagery data series and landcover data from Ministry of Environment and Forestry Indonesia from 2014-2019. Analysis conducted with identifying burnt area using the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and intersected with landcover data in that area. The results of the analysis show that forest fires affect landuse changes. Landuses that were significantly affected by forest fires notably shrub swamps, plantations, and dry land farming. Landuse decrease in shrubs swamps by 18% (± 2000 ha) and increase in plantation land by 840% (± 4000 ha) and dry land farming by 6357% (± 9400 ha) prior to forest fires.

Multi‐level habitat selection of boreal breeding mallards

AbstractCanada's western boreal forest is a vital breeding habitat for North American duck populations. This region has experienced considerable demand for its valuable natural resources (e.g., oil and gas, forestry) resulting in extensive industrial development (e.g., infrastructure), which is predicted to continue. The potential effects of industrial development on breeding ducks in the western boreal forest, however, remains largely unexplored. We used backpack harness global positioning system (GPS) transmitters to document habitat selection by breeding female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) across a gradient of industrial development in the western boreal forest of Alberta, Canada. We modeled breeding home range (second order) selection and habitat selection within the home range (third order) using resource selection functions, and spatially predicted our models across the landscape to highlight important breeding habitat. Contrary to our predictions, breeding female mallards did not avoid all industrial development at the second and third orders. Females established home ranges (second order) with greater proportions of marsh, graminoid fen, and well pads, and lower proportions of forest. Within their home range (third order), females selected shrub swamp, graminoid fen, marsh, well pads, and borrow pits, and avoided open water, swamp, treed peatland, forest, forest harvest areas, and industrials (e.g., buildings). Females also selected habitat that was close to pipelines and roads. Our results suggest that the magnitude and direction of breeding season habitat selection by female mallards varies depending on the scale and landscape features, but current levels of industrial development within our study area still allowed for the establishment of breeding season home ranges. Our spatially predicted maps contribute to the increasing body of work surrounding boreal waterfowl ecology by highlighting important breeding habitat for mallards in Canada's western boreal forest.

Study on microbes and antibiotic resistance genes in karst primitive mountain marshes – A case study of Niangniang Mountain in Guizhou, China

Previous research on antibiotic resistance genes and microorganisms centered on those in urban sewage treatment plants, breeding farms, hospitals and others with serious antibiotic pollution. However, at present, there are evident proofs that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) indeed exist in a primitive environment hardly without any human’s footprints. Accordingly, an original karst mountain swamp ecosystem in Niangniang Mountain, Guizhou, China, including herbaceous swamp, shrub swamp, sphagnum bog and forest swamp, was selected to analyze the physical and chemical parameters of sediments. Moreover, microbial compositions, functions, as well as their connections with ARGs were assayed and analyzed using metagenomic technology. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the dominant microorganisms and ARGs in the four marshes, in which the dominant bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria (37.82 %), Acidobacteriota (22.17 %) and Actinobacteriota (20.64 %); the dominant archaea Euryarchaeota. (1.00 %); and the dominant eukaryotes Ascomycota (0.07 %), with metabolism as their major functions. Based on the ARDB database, the number of ARGs annotated reached 209 including 30 subtypes, and the dominant ARGs were all Bacitracin resistance genes (bacA, 84.77 %). In terms of the diversity of microorganisms and ARGs, the herbaceous swamp ranked the top, and the shrub swamp were at the bottom. Correlation analysis between microorganisms and resistance genes showed that, apart from aac2ic, macB, smeE, tetQ, and tetL, other ARGs were positively correlated with microorganisms. Among them, baca coexisted with microorganisms. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that contrary to ARGs, microorganisms were more affected by environmental factors.

Impacts of the Gospers Mountain Wildfire on the flora and fauna of mining-impacted Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps in Australia’s Eastern Highlands

ABSTRACT The Gospers Mountain Fire was the largest wildfire on record in New South Wales. All of the swamps on the Newnes Plateau were burnt, with some areas experiencing fire of very high severity. Despite this severity, the vegetation in all unmined reference swamps recovered relatively quickly, with substantial vegetation cover and biomass returning within 10 weeks. These swamps retained most of their peat and plant species, and both their surveyed endangered fauna species (Blue Mountains Water Skink Eulamprus leuraensis; Giant Dragonfly Petalura gigantea). This demonstrated the resilience of reference Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps and their endangered species populations to significant bushfire events. In stark contrast, after the wildfire there was evidence of extensive combustion and oxidization of peat soils in swamps located above the footprint of prior longwall coal mining operations. Populations of endangered species, which were already in significant decline (due to longwall mining impacts on swamp hydrology), are now vulnerable to localised extinctions in these undermined swamps. Mining is ongoing in these areas and failure to protect the remaining Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps from the hydrological impacts of longwall mining will likely lead to further ecosystem collapse in undermined swamps, and further localised extinctions of endangered species populations in these swamps.

Water Quality Analysis and Evaluation of Eutrophication in a Swamp Wetland in the Permafrost Region of the Lesser Khingan Mountains, China.

Wuyiling Nature Reserve is located at the edge of a frozen soil area and has abundant vegetation resources. It is an important area for evaluating the impact of frozen soil degradation on the environment. Analyzing the water quality and eutrophication characteristics of different swamps and water bodies can provide a basis for protecting the water environment of frozen soil areas. The pollution characteristics of different swamps and water bodies were analyzed and the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation neural network was used to evaluate water quality and eutrophication. Finally, the eutrophication evaluation was compared with the nutritional status index. The results demonstrated that (1) the highest concentrations of the total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen (AN), permanganate index (PI), chemical oxygen demand, and chlorophyll were all present in the Tangwang River, which could be caused by the effects of human and agricultural activities along the river. The maximum average concentrations of TP, AN, and PI in the four wetland swamps appeared in the shrub swamp; (2) The water quality category of shrub, grass, and forest swamps in Wuyiling Nature Reserve was Class II, and the water quality category of floating swamps and the Tangwang River was Class I. The nutrient levels of the four marsh swamp wetlands and the Tangwang River were in the mid-range for many nutrients; and (3) the LM-BP neural network model, which was used to evaluate water eutrophication, and the results of a comprehensive evaluation of a nutritional status index were similar, further demonstrating the credibility of the evaluation results.

Variations in active layer soil hydrothermal dynamics of typical wetlands in permafrost region in the Great Hing’an Mountains, northeast China

The freeze–thaw process of active layer can alter soil hydrothermal dynamics and plays an important role in the stability of permafrost ecosystem, particularly under the background of permafrost degradation resulting from climate warming. Wetlands in permafrost regions are considered to be symbiotic with permafrost. However, despite being the principal region of high-latitude permafrost in China, research on the freeze–thaw process in wetland in the Great Hing’an Mountains is limited. In this study, soil temperature and moisture data (from September 2018 to August 2020) collected from shrub and forest swamp observational sites in the Great Hing’an Mountains were used to analyze the freeze–thaw process and soil hydrothermal dynamics. The effect of wetland types on the freeze–thaw process and the coupling characteristics of soil temperature and moisture were discussed. The results demonstrated that the thawing process of active layer was unidirectional, while the freezing was bidirectional, and the thawing process took much longer than freezing process. The distribution of temperature and moisture of active layer varied in different stage of freeze–thaw process, yet similar trends were exhibited in different wetland types during the same freeze–thaw stage. The annual average temperature of forest swamp was higher than that of shrub swamp for all soil depths, while the annual average water content of forest swamp was lower than that of shrub swamp. A significant non-linear correlation was observed between moisture and temperature of each soil layer.

Changes to spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) habitat selection in response to a salt marsh restoration

Development of coastal New England has led to the replacement of up to 37% of salt marshes with degraded freshwater wetlands, primarily through tidal restrictions. Removing these restrictions to restore salt marsh ecology would improve water quality, increase flood and storm protection, nutrient filtration, erosion control, and carbon sequestration. However, such restorations replace functional freshwater wetlands and could potentially impact freshwater species. Freshwater-dependent wildlife species such as the spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata), may be especially vulnerable to rapid changes in habitat resulting from tidal reintroduction due to their high site fidelity and limited ability to disperse quickly. Conservation of genetically and physically isolated spotted turtle populations as well as the restoration of salt marshes to mitigate climate change impacts are both high priorities on Nantucket Island. These two priorities conflicted in a project to restore tidal hydrology to an impounded freshwater marsh known to host a robust spotted turtle population. We evaluated changes to spotted turtle home range size and location and habitat use in response to salt marsh restoration over eight years. Home range size did not change but the location of home ranges shifted into bordering wetlands landward of the tidal salt water influence. Spotted turtles selected remaining freshwater marshes and shrub swamps while avoiding developed land and areas of establishing salt marsh within areas that had previously been high quality habitat. This study suggests prioritizing conservation of wetlands adjacent to planned salt marsh restoration to provide habitat for freshwater species to migrate.

Odonata species diversity, distributions, and status in a rare sand prairie-savanna wetscape

Inland sand areas scattered across the North American eastern deciduous forest and western tallgrass prairie ecotone are known for supporting pyrogenic early-successional vegetation and specially adapted terrestrial faunas. Many of these globally and regionally rare systems contain functionally connected wetland networks (“wetscapes”) potentially important for aquatic insects. Sampling adults, nymphs, and exuviae in a remnant sand prairie-savanna wetscape in Illinois, USA, I assessed odonate species diversity (alpha, gamma, beta), distributions (spatial, temporal, abundance), and rarity status. In one field season (12 sites, 12 visits) I found more than a third of Illinois odonate species and close to half of the state’s lentic breeding odonates, including a new state record (Erythemis vesiculosa). Richness averaged 25.8 species per site, reducing to 12.4 species with removal of nonbreeding occurrences. Three sites including a shrub swamp, beaver pond, and forested vernal depressions complex made significant contributions to beta diversity, dependent on general versus breeding occurrences. Majorities of Anisoptera species (70%) and Zygoptera species (53%) bred at three or fewer sites. Eight species flew during all or most of the study period (late May to early October) whereas 14 species were detected on a single survey. Status classification derived from the observed spatial, temporal, and abundance distributions resulted in 24 common or very common species, 20 uncommon or rare species, and 10 vagrants across the wetscape. These context-specific classifications may be combined with diversity and breeding patterns and other information in wetscape prioritization schemes.

Relative conservation value of Nova Scotia’s forests: forested wetlands as avian diversity hotspots

Nova Scotia’s forested landscapes are degraded and under stress. As the province moves toward an ecological forestry management approach, land managers need more complete information about the relative biodiversity value of various habitats in landscapes that they manage to fully assess conservation consequences of different management options. To begin assessing the relative conservation value of different forest types, we surveyed bird communities in 18 forested wetlands (wooded bogs, tall shrub swamps, and treed swamps), mature upland forest stands, and regenerating upland forest stands in western Nova Scotia during the breeding season in 2017 and 2018. There were distinct differences among the bird communities in each forest type. Bird species diversity, overall abundance, and abundance of several guilds and species of conservation concern were higher in forested wetlands than in mature and regenerating upland forests. Bogs and shrub swamps had the highest number of species with strong habitat affinities, but treed swamps and mature sites had unique suites of strongly associated species and guilds — several of conservation concern. Regenerating sites were occupied mainly by forest-edge species and conservation value was low. Our study highlights the importance of forested wetlands to bird conservation and supports the idea that forested wetlands are avian diversity hotspots.

Resource use by marten at fine spatial extents

Martens (Martes spp.) occupy areas with complex forest structure that can exhibit patchy distribution, particularly in managed forest landscapes. These structures (e.g., downed wood) are often difficult to reliably sample so more easily acquired surrogates may better describe marten habitat. Recent advances in global positioning system (GPS) collars combined with integrated (i.e., imagery with geospatial modeling), resolute, remotely sensed maps offer a potentially efficient means of understanding marten space use. We placed GPS collars on 13 American marten (M. americana), attempted to acquire a locational fix every 15 min, and calculated adaptive kernel home ranges from successful locations. We modeled probability of marten use as a function of covariates derived from remotely sensed data that included proportion of vegetation cover types, and distances to maintained roads and hydrographic features at 2.5, 4.5, and 7.1 ha extents. Average cover type values varied minimally across spatial extents we evaluated, indicating fine-scale homogenization. Amount of tall (> 10 m) deciduous forest, tall and short conifer forests, and riparian forests had positive effects on marten use, whereas distance to maintained roads had a weak negative effect. Broad riparian areas (e.g., scrub–shrub swamps that occur in broad topographic depressions), not necessarily associated with mapped hydrographic lines, were heavily used by marten. We found that core use areas for marten could reliably be predicted from 30 m remotely sensed maps summarized at relatively small extents (2.4–7.1 ha).

Serious impacts of longwall coal mining on endangered Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps, exposed by the December 2019 bushfires

Serious impacts of longwall coal mining on endangered Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps, exposed by the December 2019 bushfires

Hypertemporal Imaging Capability of UAS Improves Photogrammetric Tree Canopy Models

Small uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) generate imagery that can provide detailed information regarding condition and change if the products are reproducible through time. Densified point clouds form the basic information for digital surface models and orthorectified mosaics, so variable dense point reconstruction will introduce uncertainty. Eucalyptus trees typically have sparse and discontinuous canopies with pendulous leaves that present a difficult target for photogrammetry software. We examine how spectral band, season, solar azimuth, elevation, and some processing settings impact completeness and reproducibility of dense point clouds for shrub swamp and Eucalyptus forest canopy. At the study site near solar noon, selecting near infrared camera increased projected tree canopy fourfold, and dense point features more than 2 m above ground were increased sixfold compared to red spectral bands. Near infrared (NIR) imagery improved projected and total dense features two- and threefold, respectively, compared to default green band imagery. The lowest solar elevation captured (25°) consistently improved canopy feature reconstruction in all spectral bands. Although low solar elevations are typically avoided for radiometric reasons, we demonstrate that these conditions improve the detection and reconstruction of complex tree canopy features in natural Eucalyptus forests. Combining imagery sets captured at different solar elevations improved the reproducibility of dense point clouds between seasons. Total dense point cloud features reconstructed were increased by almost 10 million points (20%) when imagery used was NIR combining solar noon and low solar elevation imagery. It is possible to use agricultural multispectral camera rigs to reconstruct Eucalyptus tree canopy and shrub swamp by combining imagery and selecting appropriate spectral bands for processing.

Which water bird groups need greater habitat conservation measures in a wetland ecosystem?

One important issue in wildlife conservation is the identification of the groups of species that need greater conservation measures. In this regard, maps of habitat degradation are useful tools. However, water bird habitat mapping in wetland ecosystem is difficult due to the large extent and complexity of wetlands and the narrow boundary between the habitats of different groups. In this paper, the capabilities of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were applied to overcome these limitations and to provide a practical scheme to conserve water bird habitats. The significance of this paper is the novel application of the SAR capabilities for water bird habitat conservation. These data were used to separate the habitat of the three water bird groups and to determine the destroyed habitats that should be protected for water birds in wetlands with unstable conditions. Using Sentinel-1 (S1) data, habitat maps for the water birds were created during the inundation period in the Hamoun-e-Hirmand. These habitats included the shrub swamps, flooded meadows, and open water. Based on the four-month flooded period of the wetland and the S1 image archive, habitat maps were created for six dates. The SAR backscattering coefficients of these three habitat classes were first analyzed to investigate the potential of the S1 images to differentiate between the habitat classes. A support vector machine (SVM) was then developed to separate the habitat classes. The accuracy of the six produced maps was calculated to be between 81% and 87.5%, which confirmed the ability of the S1 images to differentiate between water bird habitat classes. Based on the habitat degradation analysis, Anatidae, Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, Gruidae, Pelecanidae and the diving ducks need greater conservational measures in their feeding habitats (flooded meadow and open water). This paper introduced S1 data as an effective tool for mapping the habitats of each group of water birds in a wetland.

Do Breeding Bird Communities or Conservation Value Differ Among Forested Wetland Types or Ecoregions in Nova Scotia?

Forested wetlands are being lost to development at a higher rate than other wetland types in Nova Scotia despite limited understanding about the ecology of these ecosystems. To examine differences in community composition or conservation value among forested wetland types (peatlands, treed and shrub swamps) or ecoregions (Western, Valley, Fundy Shore), we surveyed breeding birds at 229 sites in western Nova Scotia in 2015 and 2016. We observed 95 species (46% of Nova Scotia’s breeding bird species) and 8971 individuals across all sites. In addition, 5 of 13 (38%) inland (noncoastal) bird species that are listed as at-risk in Nova Scotia were detected. There were more distinct differences in communities among wetland types than ecoregions, shrub swamps and peatlands had significantly more species and higher mean abundances than treed swamps, and Valley Ecoregion sites had the highest species richness and abundance. We also found strong wetland type and ecoregion affinities for particular species. Our results indicate that shrub swamps, particularly in the Valley Ecoregion, have high conservation value and are acting as important refugia for birds in this highly-fragmented landscape. The conservation value of peatlands and treed swamps is also high, partly owing to the at-risk species they support.

Carbon stock change dynamics of oil palm plantation in Sembilang Dangku Landscape, South Sumatra

One of the land cover type in the Sembilang Dangku Landscape is oil palm plantation, which is developed by changing the type of previous land covers. Land cover change causes changes in carbon stock. If the carbon stock increase in an area, it means the area acts as a carbon sinker, whereas if the carbon stock decrease, inconsequently the area is a carbon emitter. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of carbon stock changes in 1997-2007 and 2007-2017. The research was carried out on six private oil palm plantations. Carbon stocks were estimated based on the type of land cover interpreted from Landsat 5 imagery with the unsupervised method by using Las Palmas QGIS 2.18.0 Software. Determination of land cover in 1997 was based on the year when oil palm plantation began. Carbon stock of oil palm plantation was estimated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with the equation: Y = 638.13 X - 242.65 (Y = carbon stock, X = NDVI). The value of carbon sequestration or carbon emission were based on carbon stock changes. The types of land cover in 1997 and 2007 were in the form of shrub swamp, oil palm plantation, undisturbed peat swamp forest, disturbed peat swamp forest; while in 2017 land cover was dominated by oil palm plantation. The results showed respectively that carbon stocks in 1997, 2007 and 2017 were 3,333,549.6 tonC, 1,541,825.5 tonC, and 1,626, 951.8 tonC. In 1997-2007, carbon stock encountered a decrease, resulting in carbon emission of 18.68 tonCO2-eq/ha/year. However, in 2007-2017, carbon stock encountered an increase, leading in carbon sequestration of 0.89 tonCO2-eq/ha/year.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DIURNAL DI DESA BUKIT BATU KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

The bird is an indicator for the quality of the environment and has a role in ensuring the passage of tropical forest regeneration process naturally in Indonesia. The bird is one of the animals with the highest diversity in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to examine the diversity of diurnal birds and can be relied upon the efforts of wildlife preservation process. This research method using a combination of methods to calculate point (Point Count) or IPA (Ponctuele d'Abundance Index – Index of abundance at that point) and the method of lines (Transect), observations conducted quietly at some point later noted the encounter against birds, observations using the six-point count/observation station. The whole of the observations was on track (Transect) the length of 1,800 meters. The results of this study that the diurnal bird species diversity in Bukit Batu village Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict Mempawah Regency. Course found 26 species of birds in three diurnal habitat types with a total of 420 individuals. The value of the index of diversity (H ') type on every type of ecosystem is on the secondary, 2.19 swamp forest, shrub swamps 2.32, and dry land farming 2.18. This indicates that each type has the different diversity of habitat.Keyword: Birds, Diurnal, Ecosystems, Indicators and Species diversity

Spatial interrelations between raccoons (Procyon lotor), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and ground-nesting birds in a Special Protection Area of Germany

In this study, we examine the spatial interrelation between different carnivore species (Carnivora, Mammalia) and ground-nesting birds in a Special Protection Area (SPA) in Brandenburg, Germany. Camera- and live-trapping of carnivores during an 18-month period revealed that the SPA hosts most mesocarnivore species that occur in Germany. Since raccoon (Procyon lotor), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus) showed highest abundance-activity indices, we used GPS telemetry for a detailed analysis of spatial behavior of nine raccoons and five red foxes over a 22-month period. Spatial distribution patterns showed a strong difference between both species: raccoons showed a clear preference for reed swamps and shrub swamps, clustering in high concentrations along the edges of water bodies. Although this behavior is likely due to the high and year-round availability of aquatic food sources, overlap of raccoon core areas with high densities of wetland birds likely results in a high level of sublethal predation effects particularly on waterfowl breeding in reed beds. Red foxes showed much more evenly distributed movement patterns and a high intraspecific variability in habitat preference, revealing a general preference for woodlands and an avoidance of wetlands. Thus, predation pressure by foxes on ground-breeders seems to be lower and focusing on grassland-associated bird species in close proximity to woodlands. Consequently, our study highlights the need for a differentiated view on the predatory potential of particular mesocarnivore species on the endangered bird species in the SPA, leading to future management implications with a focus on swampland habitats.

长白山原始针叶林沼泽湿地生态系统碳储量

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 长白山原始针叶林沼泽湿地生态系统碳储量 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201802220375 作者: 作者单位: 东北林业大学生态研究中心,东北林业大学生态研究中心,东北林业大学生态研究中心,东北林业大学生态研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31370461）；国家"十三五"重点研发计划项目（2016YFC050021-02） Carbon storage of a primary coniferous forested wetland ecosystem in the temperate Changbai Mountain of China Author: Affiliation: Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Forestry University,Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Forestry University,Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Forestry University,Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Forestry University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:采用年轮分析及相对生长方程法与碳/氮分析仪测定法，测定温带长白山沿湿地过渡带环境梯度依次分布的5种典型原始沼泽类型（草丛沼泽-C、灌丛沼泽-G、落叶松泥炭藓沼泽-LN、落叶松藓类沼泽-LX和落叶松苔草沼泽-LT）生态系统碳储量（植被和土壤）、植被净初级生产力与年净固碳量，定量评价温带森林湿地固碳能力及其长期碳汇作用，并揭示其沿过渡带水分环境梯度的空间分异规律。结果表明：①5种天然沼泽类型的植被碳储量（3.18±1.70）-（112.2±18.3）tC/hm2沿过渡带环境梯度总体上呈递增趋势，针叶林沼泽显著高于C和G 12.2-34.3倍，G高于C 0.6倍，且LX和LT显著高于LN 0.3-0.6倍；②土壤碳储量（296.3±42.2）-（824.50±50.79）tC/hm2沿过渡带环境梯度总体上呈递减趋势，C显著高于G和针叶林沼泽30.8%-178.3%（P < 0.05），G显著高于针叶林沼泽38.7%-112.8%，且LN和LT显著高于LX 32.8%-53.4%；③生态系统碳储量（408.42±57.53）-（827.52±50.96）tC/hm2沿过渡带环境梯度总体上也呈递减趋势，C显著高于G和针叶林沼泽30.2%-102.7%，G显著高于针叶林沼泽21.5%-55.6%，且LN和LT显著高于LX 18.8%-28.0%；④5种沼泽类型的植被净初级生产力与年净固碳量分布在（5.74±0.08）-（10.98±1.67）t hm-2 a-1和（2.44±0.03）-（5.17±0.83）tC hm-2 a-1，其中，LX和LT的植被净初级生产力显著高于C、G和LN 61.2%-91.3%和34.5%-59.6%；而在植被年净固碳量方面，3种针叶林沼泽类型均显著高于C和G 28.7%-111.9%和19.4%-96.6%。故长白山5种天然沼泽类型的植被净初级生产力与年净固碳量沿湿地过渡带环境梯度总体上呈现出阶梯式递增趋势，且仅有LX和LT达到了中国陆地植被及全球陆地植被平均固碳水平。因此，温带长白山沼草丛沼泽和灌丛沼泽长期碳汇作用强于森林沼泽，湿地碳汇管理实践中应重视草丛沼泽和灌丛沼泽的保护与恢复。 Abstract:An annual ring analysis, relative growth equation method, and carbon/nitrogen analysis assay were used to determine the ecosystem carbon stocks (vegetation and soil) of five typical types of primitive swamps (Swamp Swamp-C, Shrub Swamp-G, Larix olgensis-Sphagnum magellanicum swamp-LN, Larix olgensis-moss swamp-LX, and Larix olgensis-Carex schmidtii swamp-LT) in the transitional zone of the wetland in the temperate zone of Changbai Mountain. The results showed that ① The vegetation carbon stocks of the five natural swamp types were(3.18±1.70)-(112.2±18.3) tC/hm2, which increased gradually along the transitional zone. The conifer forest swamps had significantly higher values than did C and G by 12.2 and 34.3 times, respectively, G was higher than C by 0.6 times, and LX and LT were significantly higher than LN by 0.3 and 0.6 times; ② The soil carbon stocks of (296.3±42.2)-(824.50±50.79) tC/hm2 declined along the environmental gradient of the transitional zone, C was significantly higher than that of G and the coniferous forest swamps by 30.8%-178.3%. Coniferous forest swamps were lower by 38.7%-112.8%, and LN and LT were significantly higher than LX 32.8%-53.4%; ③ The ecosystem carbon stocks of (408.42±57.53)-(827.52±50.96) tC/hm2 also showed a decreasing trend along the transitional zone, C was significantly higher than G and coniferous forest swamps by 30.2%-102.7%, and G was significantly higher than that of coniferous forests. Marsh was higher by 21.5%-55.6%, and LN and LT were significantly higher than LX by 18.8%-28.0%; ④ The net primary productivity and annual net carbon sequestration of vegetation in the five swamp types were distributed at (5.74±0.08)-(10.98±1.67) t hm-2 a-1 and (2.44±0.03)-(5.17±0.83) tC hm-2 a-1, of which, the net primary productivity of LX and LT was significantly higher than that of C, G, and LN by 61.2%-91.3% and 34.5%-59.6%. In terms of annual net carbon sequestration of vegetation, the coniferous forest swamp types were significantly higher than those of C and G by 28.7%-111.9% and 19.4%-96.6%. That is why the net primary productivity and annual net carbon fixation of the five natural marsh types in Changbai Mountain show a stepwise increasing trend along the environmental gradient in the transitional zone of wetlands. However, only LX and LT reached the average carbon fixation of land vegetation and global terrestrial vegetation in China. Therefore, the long-term carbon sink effect of the Changbai mountain marsh swamps and shrub swamps is stronger than that of forest swamps. We should protect and restore swamps and shrub swamps in our wetland carbon sink management practices. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Birds of primary and secondary forest and shrub habitats in the peat swamp of Berbak National Park, Sumatra.

Background: Tropical lowland rainforests are threatened by deforestation and degradation worldwide. Relatively little research has investigated the degradation of the forests of South-east Asia and its impact on biodiversity, and even less research has focused on the important peat swamp forests of Indonesia, which experienced major losses through severe fires in 2015. Methods: We acoustically sampled the avifauna of the Berbak National Park in 2013 in 12 plots split in three habitats: primary swamp forest, secondary swamp forest, and shrub swamp, respectively representing non-degraded, previously selectively logged, and burned habitats. We analysed the species richness, abundance, vocalisation activity, and community composition across acoustic counts, plots, feeding guilds and IUCN Red List categories. We also analysed community-weighted means of body mass, wing length, and distribution area. Results: The avifauna in the three habitats was remarkably similar in richness, abundance and vocalisation activity, and communities mainly differed due to a lower prevalence of understory insectivores (Old-World Babblers, Timaliidae) in shrub swamp. However primary forest retained twice as many conservation-worthy species as shrub swamp, which harboured heavier, probably more mobile species, with larger distributions than those of forest habitats. Conclusions: The National Park overall harboured higher bird abundances than nearby lowland rainforests. Protecting the remaining peat swamp forest in this little-known National Park should be a high conservation priority in the light of the current threats coming from wildlife trade, illegal logging, land use conversion, and man-made fires.