In order to further improve the vegetation utilization rate of typical Chinese fir and broad-leaved mixed forest, increase the carbon storage in the ecological environment, protect and improve the ecological environment, the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon storage in typical Chinese fir broad-leaved mixed forest were analyzed. The weight set of subjective estimation of carbon storage density of vegetation carbon storage factor was modified, and the fuzzy evaluation matrix of vegetation carbon storage was obtained. The evaluation vector of the matrix was calculated to evaluate the carbon storage density, and the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon storage density of typical mixed fir and broad-leaved forest were obtained. The carbon content in tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer and litter layer was detected through the sample investigation in Ganzhou City, Ji’an City, Jiujiang City, Yichun City and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province under the same climate environment. At the same time, the soil samples of each layer were collected for analysis. The results showed that under the same age, density and site conditions, there were significant differences in the carbon storage of vegetation layer and litter layer between Chinese fir mixed forest and Chinese fir pure forest, and the carbon fixation capacity of Chinese fir mixed forest was greater than that of Chinese fir pure forest. In order to enhance the carbon storage in the ecological environment, we can consider a variety of Chinese fir mixed forest, which is of great significance to the maintenance of the ecosystem environment.