Shrimp Yield Research Articles

Remote Water Quality Monitoring System In Shrimp Ponds With Photovoltaic (PV)-Based Energy Source

Introduction: Shrimp has great potential to be used as a business field in Indonesia. Especially in Parigi Regency itself, there are now many shrimp ponds that can be found because of the benefits obtained, so people are interested in making shrimp farming a livelihood. One of the main problems of shrimp ponds is pond water quality. There are several factors that affect pond water quality, namely water temperature, water pH, and water salinity, good pond water quality management can maintain quality standards and can increase shrimp yield and productivity Method: To facilitate the shrimp farmers, innovations need to be made in order to help the shrimp farmers manage their shrimp ponds, therefore using a remote water quality monitoring was system in shrimp ponds with photovoltaic (PV) based energy sources is expected to be an innovation in managing shrimp ponds, especially in monitoring water quality in shrimp ponds. The monitoring system designed using the NRF24L01 module as a remote communication module, at the research location the distance from the shrimp pond to the house is approximately 100 meters, so the tools that have been designed can facilitate shrimp farmers to monitor the shrimp pond Results and Disscussion: The results of testing the DS18B20 temperature sensor compared with a digital thermometer measuring instrument get an average error of 0.014%. The test results of the pH sensor compared to the pH meter get an average error of 0.026%. TDS sensor test results compared with the TDS meter get an average error of 0.04%. Conclusion: The temperature, pH, and salinity monitoring system uses transmitter and receiver modules, where the transmitter module reads and sends data to the receiver module wirelessly with NRF24L01. Using DS18B20 temperature, pH, and TDS sensors, as well as energy from photovoltaics, this system helps shrimp farmers monitor pond water quality remotely.

Polyculture of red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) with different stocking densities of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Effects on water qualityand shrimp performance

This study was conducted to determine the impact of coculturing red seaweed (Gracilaria tenustipitata) with different densities of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on water quality and shrimp performance. The experiment was carried out in indoor tank systems in triplicate. Five shrimp densities (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 shrimp/m3) were integrated with red seaweed (2 kg/m3) for 60 days. The results demonstrated that polyculture of red seaweed with shrimp maintained appropriate levels of TAN and NO2- in rearing tanks at high shrimp densities ranging from 100 to 300 shrimp/m3. Shrimp growth rates tended to decline as density increased, but there were no statistical differences (p>0.05) between treatments at stocking densities ranging from 100 to 300 shrimp/m3. Shrimp survival declined dramatically as stocking densities increased from 400 shrimp/m3 upward. The lowest and maximum shrimp yields were achieved at densities of 100 and 300 shrimp/m3, respectively. Furthermore, the sensory quality of cooked shrimp meat was highly rated by the panelists. These findings demonstrated that polyculture of red seaweed with whiteleg shrimp can be applied at stocking densities up to 300 shrimp/m3 while maintaining appropriate water quality parameters and improved production efficiency in the culture unit.

Economic effects of a controlled mangrove-to-pond coverage ratio policy on mangrove conservation and shrimp farming: A case study in vietnam using instrumental regression analysis

The mangrove-shrimp farming model in Vietnam's Mekong Delta region was devised to foster mangrove conservation while supporting the livelihoods of small-scale shrimp farmers by allocating them land for both mangrove protection and shrimp farming. However, this model faces challenges as farmers often clear mangrove areas to expand shrimp ponds, seeking greater profits. Based on data collected from structured interviews with shrimp farming households, an Instrumental Variable (IV) regression method is used in this study to examine the economic viability of mangrove-shrimp farming in the Tam Giang Protection Forest of Ca Mau province and predict the impacts of recommended fixed mangrove-to-pond coverage ratios (MPR) on shrimp yield and household income in two different scenarios. Findings reveal that almost half of the surveyed farmers do not meet the recommended MPR, prioritizing pond expansion over mangrove protection, suggesting prevalent noncompliance and ineffective regulatory enforcement. Additionally, the research highlighted the critical role of mangrove-shrimp farming in the livelihoods of these communities, with findings indicating that even minimal increases in pond area can enhance productivity. Conversely, stricter pond coverage regulations could potentially worsen the economic situation for numerous households.

Sustainability Strategies of Traditional Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation in East Java: A Case Study in Kudu Hamlet, Lamongan District

The research investigates small-scale farming practices, particularly vannamei shrimp cultivation, in Kudu Hamlet, focusing on how traditional farmers have adopted technology over two decades. Conducted over two years, the study sampled 17 farmers out of 38, analyzing various variables such as age, education, and economic factors. Farmers, predominantly older, have engaged in shrimp farming for nearly two decades, despite fluctuating incomes. Education levels vary, impacting farmers' understanding of new technologies and market trends. Most farmers own their pond land, managing it carefully for shrimp cultivation. Polyculture systems, combining vannamei shrimp with other species, enhance productivity but face challenges like disease outbreaks and market price fluctuations. The choice of feed, predominantly artificial, significantly affects shrimp yields. Farmers also engage in side jobs to supplement income. Overall, enhancing farmers' capacity through education and sustainable practices is crucial for the long-term viability of shrimp farming.

Evaluation of High Stocking Densities on the Water Quality and Growth Performance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Reared in a Mixotrophic Biofloc Nursery System

The present study aimed to explore the effects of intensive culture densities on the water quality and growth performance of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in a mixotrophic biofloc system (heterotrophic/chemoautotrophic) at three stocking rates of 5,000, 4,000, and 3,000 PL/m3 (namely G5000, G4000, and G3000, respectively) for 21 days. At the end of the study, the mean values of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen saturation level, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate-nitrogen, and settleable solids did not substantially differ among study groups ( p > 0.05 ). In addition, the highest mean levels of TAN and NO2-N recorded were 1.27 mg/l (G4000) and 9.23 mg/l (G3000), respectively. The results of growth performance revealed that final body weight, weight gain, weekly growth rate, and specific growth rate were not affected by the studied densities ( p > 0.05 ). Although no significant differences were observed ( p > 0.05 ), the G3000 treatment exhibited the highest survival rate (80.66% ± 8.56%), followed by G4000 (75.05% ± 0.31%) and G5000 (71.63% ± 2.11%). However, the shrimp yield was meaningfully higher for G5000 treatment (1.72 ± 0.0.09 kg/m3, 0.69 ± 0.03 kg/m2) compared with G3000 group (1.27 ± 0.0.12 kg/m3, 0.48 ± 0.04 kg/m2) ( p < 0.05 ). Our results indicate L. vannamei can be reared at intensive nursery densities of up to 5,000 PL/m3 (2,000 PL/m2) until reaching 0.5 g without significant retardation in water quality, growth, and survival.

The Effect of Different Probiotic Sources on Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation with Biofloc System

An important component in the application of biofloc is the presence of probiotic bacteria as a floc-forming agent. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the yield of vannamei shrimp in a biofloc system using commercial probiotics and independent probiotics on a laboratory scale. The study design was a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications, including independent probiotics (IP), commercial probiotics (CP) and control (C). PM utilized an independent formula with starter bacteria Lactobacillus casei and PK contained bacteria Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Aerobacter sp., Nitrobacter sp. Probiotics were fermented 24 hours before its application to the maintenance medium. A total of 15 shrimp/aquarium measuring 3.29 ± 0.48 g were reared for 27 days after the floc was first formed. The results showed that the growth and feed conversion ratio of vannamei shrimp in the biofloc system were higher than that of the control (P<0.05). Growth and feed conversion ratio between probiotic treatments did not show significantly different results (P>0.05). Survival in treatment and control groups was not significantly different (P>0.05). The observed floc volumes which increased during the rearing of vannamei shrimp were up to 6.50-7.50 mL/L. Several types of organisms found in the flock included nematodes, phytoplankton, copepods and protozoa. The observed water quality was the same in each treatment except for higher dissolved oxygen and ammonia in the control. This study recommends the use of independent probiotics in vannamei shrimp culture based on biofloc technology.

Higher Food Yields and Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Aquaculture Ponds with High-Stalk Rice Planted.

Aquaculture ponds are an important artificial aquatic system for global food fish production but also are a hot spot of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The GHG mitigation strategy and the underlying mechanism for aquaculture ponds are still poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a 2 year field experiment to determine the effects of planting high-stalk rice (an artificially bred emergent plant for ponds) on GHG emissions from aquaculture ponds. Our results showed that planting high-stalk rice reduced CH4 emission by 64.4% and N2O emission by 76.2% over 2 years. Planting high-stalk rice significantly increased the content of O2 and the abundance of pmoA in the sediment, thus prompting CH4 oxidation in the ponds. The reduction of N2O emission from ponds was attributed to the decreased inorganic nitrogen, amoA-B and nirS in the sediment induced by rice. Furthermore, high-stalk rice culture in the pond increased shrimp yields and gained rice yields, resulting in a significant reduction of yield-scaled global warming potential. Our findings suggest that breeding appropriate emergent aquatic plants is a potential pathway to mitigate GHG emission from aquaculture ponds with more food yields and economic benefits.

Assessing nutrient budgets and N2O emission of newly constructed rice-giant freshwater prawn co-culture on reclaimed land

In recent years, newly constructed rice-giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) co-culture has been widely applied on reclaimed land in southeast China. Raising M. rosenbergii in paddy fields can alter nutrient budgets and have environmental impacts. However, the exact impacts remain unclear. Here, a field experiment was conducted using M. rosenbergii and Macrobrachium nipponense in reclaimed paddy fields to assess and compare the nutrient budgets and N2O emissions of the two ecosystems, henceforth referred to as RS1 and RS2, respectively. Each ecosystem was stocked with 150,000 post-larvae per ha and then compared with a rice monoculture system (RM) to evaluate the environmental impacts of rice-shrimp co-culture. In RS1, the main inputs for N and P were fertilizer and artificial feed, accounting for 59.35% and 34.01% of the total N inputs and 53.15% and 41.43% of the total P inputs, respectively. In RS2 and RM, fertilizers dominated the nutrient budget, accounting for more than 79.28% of the total nutrient input. Nutrient exports were dominated by rice (straw+grain) and commercial shrimp in RS1, accounting for 33.44% and 18.66% of N and 55.56% and 20.02% of P, respectively. The wastewater drainage, NH3 volatilization, and N2O emissions contributed to the remainder nutrient budget. Particularly, the N2O emission fluxes in RS1 (2.21 ± 0.32 kg·ha−1·yr−1) were significantly higher than those in RS2 (1.78 ± 0.24 kg·ha−1·yr−1) and RM (1.56 ± 0.17 kg·ha−1·yr−1) over the one-year experiment. Changes in environmental variables (including NH4+-N, NO2--N, DO, pH, SP, etc.) significantly contributed to the enhanced N2O emissions following the conversion from the reclaimed paddy field to RS1. These results implied that RS1 improved the yields of shrimp and rice grains but at the cost of increasing N2O emissions. Considering the wide distribution of reclaimed paddy fields in southeast China, M. rosenbergii could serve as an ideal alternative species in rice-shrimp co-culture systems to increase nutrient utilization efficiency, although N2O emissions still need to be reduced to mitigate the negative environmental impacts.

Sosialisasi Budidaya Udang Dengan Model Smart Silvofishery Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Muara Badak

Shrimp farming is one of the most important livelihoods practiced by the community in the villages of Muara Badak Ulu and Salo Palai, Muara Badak District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, using traditional management. Disease problems, decreasing of water quality, and natural food are all factors that reduce shrimp yields and pond productivity. This outreach and mentoring activity were held in collaboration with the Indonesian Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency, with the goal of improving community skills in pond management through the use of environmentally friendly smart silvofishery. This method makes use of the nutrient cycle in the pond, as well as plant extracts to prepare and manage the pond. This activity was carried out for four discussed meetings by delivering environmental management and safety pond management. It involved nearly 155 people from the village community, local government, BRGM, and students from Mulawarman University's Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, forestry, agriculture, and law. This activity began with the identification of pond problems, followed by workshops and the preparation of smart silvofishery subjects, socialization activities for the application of the 10 steps of smart silvofishery, trials on demonstration plot ponds, and concluded with the monitoring and evaluation of activity implementation. Experiments on pond demonstration plots revealed that polyculture management with smart silvofishery increased yields up to 35 kg/ha, up from 14 kg/ha previously, and fish farmer have a standard step to manage their pond.

Production of Pacific white shrimp under different stocking density in a zero-water exchange biofloc system: Effects on water quality, zootechnical performance, and body composition

This experiment was conducted to compare water quality, growth performance, body composition, and insulin growth factor gene expression of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared under different stocking densities (100, 200, 300, and 400 shrimp m−3) in a biofloc system with zero-water exchange for nine weeks. The results demonstrated that all the water quality variables remained within the acceptable range that are presumed to be safe levels for Pacific white shrimp farming. The weight gain ratio and specific growth rate of shrimp reduced by increasing the stocking density to the lowest values of 2800.00 ± 105.32 % and 5.34 ± 0.11 % d−1, respectively, in shrimp reared under the highest stocking density (400 shrimp m−3). The highest feed conversion ratio was also obtained under the highest stocking density of shrimp (P < 0.05). A significant decreasing trend of the insulin growth factor-1 gene expression was observed by increasing the shrimp stocking density (P < 0.05). The final yield of shrimp in the present study significantly increased by increasing the shrimp stocking density and reached the maximum value of 3.05 ± 0.21 kg m−3 at the highest stocking density. There was no significant difference in the carcass composition of the shrimp among the experimental treatments (P < 0.05), except for lipid content which was significantly higher in shrimp reared under the lowest stocking density (100 shrimp m−3) (P < 0.05). Findings of the current study confirmed a clear effect of stocking density on growth performance of the Pacific white shrimp with the recommended density of 400 shrimps m−3 to achieve the maximum yield, while the stocking density of 100 shrimps m−3 is feasible to reach the highest weight gain and probability of Pacific white shrimp cultured in a biofloc system with zero-water exchange for the present experimental condition, genetics used and nutrition supplementation.

Use of recirculation and settling chamber in synbiotic multi‐trophic culture of Crassostrea sp. with Litopenaeus vannamei

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of recirculation and settling chamber in synbiotic multi-trophic culture of Crassostrea sp. with Litopenaeus vannamei. Four treatments were tested: MONO (shrimp monoculture); integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) (shrimp and oysters in the same tank); IMTA-R (shrimp and oysters in adjacent tanks with recirculation) and IMTA-RS (shrimp and oysters in adjacent tanks with recirculation using settling chamber). Shrimp post-larvae (pL10) and oyster juveniles (3.12 cm) were stocked at a density of 3000 pL m−3 and 200 oysters m−2, respectively, for 42 days. The IMTA treatments showed lower values of settleable solids, when compared to monoculture. However, the excessive removal in the IMTA-RS increased the levels of TAN (1.15 mg L−1) and nitrite-N (3.47 mg L−1). The weight and yield of shrimp (1.59 g and 4.63 kg m−3) and the weight of oysters (18.05 g) was significantly higher in the IMTA. Regarding the planktonic community analysis, significant difference was observed on abundance in relation to time and among treatments, where the initial samples and IMTA treatments, with lower values, differed from the 21st and 42nd days and MONO respectively. The results indicate the benefits of the integrated multi-trophic culture application with the two species in the same productive unit for better water quality and greater shrimp growth.

Klasifikasi Pembibitan Udang Vanamey Yang Ideal Menggunakan Algoritma Naive Bayes

Data mining is the process of finding information by looking for certain patterns or rules from large amounts of data. This study applies the Naïve Bayes algorithm to classify the yield of Vanamey shrimp into three classes, namely successful, less successful and failed from the harvest sample data owned. To facilitate the analysis, the data is divided into 2 categories, namely 90 training data and 10 for testing data. Nine parameters were used, namely the number of distributions, land area, type of disease, water color, soil conditions, season, feed, capital and yields. To validate the classification, we used a confusion matrix to test the accuracy of the algorithm. The test results show an accuracy of 54.4%, 100% precision, and 77.7% recall

Reducing Carbon Input Improved the Diversity of Bacterial Community in Large-Scale Biofloc Shrimp Culture Facilities

In this study, a group of large-scale biofloc shrimp culturing facilities were designed. The bioflocs were domesticated by continuously reducing the ratio of carbon to feed. The bacterial community diversity on the 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th days was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the biofloc content (0~16.8 ± 4.3) mL/L, TSS concentration (0~247.46 ± 27.3) mL/L, total ammonia nitrogen concentration (0~0.28 ± 0.052) mg/L, nitrite nitrogen concentration (0~4.13 ± 1.42) mg/L, nitrate nitrogen concentration (108.57 ± 19.6) mg/L were all within the safe concentration range of Litopenaeus vannamei. With the progress of reducing carbon input, the Chao1 index, the number of operational taxonomic units, and the Shannon index increased significantly. The number of OTUs of B80 (572.36 ± 13.26) was significantly higher than that of B60 (489.69 ± 12.97), B40 (423.35 ± 18.46) and B20 (407.67 ± 15.65) (p &lt; 0.05). The Chao1 index of B80 (768.58 ± 36.96) was significantly higher than that of B60 (646.8 ± 52.53), B40 (569.7 ± 46.53) and B20 (516.3 ± 21.35) (p &lt; 0.05). The Shannon index of B80 (5.63 ± 0.16) was higher than that of B60 (4.85 ± 0.13), B40 (4.68 ± 0.21) and B20 (3.65 ± 0.22), with significant difference (p &lt; 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the domestication formed a micro-ecosystem with Proteobacteria as the carrier (46.98 ± 15.82%), Chloroflexi as the skeleton (2.2 ± 0.36%), Nitrospirae (1.35 ± 0.26%) as the main water treatment functional bacteria, and other bacteria as auxiliary nitrogen and phosphorus removal; At the genus level, unclassified_f_Rhodobacteracea (22.97 ± 3.82%), Ruegeria (10.35 ± 1.26%), Muricauda (5.73 ± 0.61%), Algoriphagus (3.75% ± 0.85%) and Nitrospira (1.56 ± 0.56%) are the dominant bacteria. Under the synergistic effect of the above bacteria, the biofloc system remains relatively stable. The survival rate and unit yield of shrimp were (65.32 ± 6.85)% and (4.15 ± 1.58) kg/m3, respectively.

Polyculture of sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) with different stocking densities of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Effects on water quality, shrimp performance and sea grape proximate composition

The polyculture of sea grape with whiteleg shrimp is considered as one of the strategic approaches to sustainable shrimp production. This is the first study to investigate the effects of integrating sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) with different densities of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on water quality, shrimp performances and sea grape proximate composition. The experiment was executed in indoor tank systems, comprising five treatments in randomly designed triplicate tanks, with five levels of shrimp densities (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 individuals m−3) integrated with sea grape (1 kg m−3) for 56 days. The results showed that the polyculture of sea grape with shrimp significantly enhanced sea grape biomass and proximate composition in terms of protein, lipid and ash contents while maintaining adequate levels of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−), and phosphate (PO43−) in the rearing tanks at high shrimp densities. Shrimp growth rates (weight gain, daily weight gain, and specific growth rate) tended to decrease at higher density levels, but there were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) among treatments at stocking densities ranging from 200 to 400 individuals m−3. Although shrimp survival was significantly reduced as stocking densities increased from 400 individuals m−3 upward; the lowest and highest shrimp yields were obtained at densities of 100 and 400 individuals m−3, respectively. Feed conversion ratios were higher at higher shrimp density; however, no significant difference was not observed between 300 and 400 individual m−3 groups. These findings indicated that polyculture of sea grape with whiteleg shrimp can perform up to 400 individuals m−3 while maintaining suitable water quality parameters and sustaining improved production efficiency in the culture unit.

Environmental factors of rearing water and growth performance of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in a microalgal monoculture system

Microalgal ecological regulation technology uses beneficial planktonic microalgae in water their physiological and ecological characteristics, and then to regulate and optimize the water ecological environment. To identify high-quality algal strains suitable for microalgal ecological regulation technology and analyse the ecological regulation mechanism of microalgae in shrimp culture, Nannochloropsis oculata and Thalassiosira sp. preliminarily were used as the research objects. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of N. oculata and Thalassiosira sp. monocultures on the growth performance (survival rate, yield, food coefficient, and specific growth rate) of shrimp and the physicochemical factors (DO, pH, NO2−-N, NO3−-N, NH4+-N, PO43−-P, COD and EI) and biotic factors (content of Vibrio Spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and bacteria) of the rearing water. The results showed that different microalgae had significant effects on the growth performance of shrimp and the environmental factors of rearing water. On the one hand, among the groups, the Thalassiosira sp. group (TG) had the highest survival rate, SGR and yield. On the other hand, similar to the nitrogen and phosphorus contents, the eutrophication index was significantly lower in the N. oculata group (NG) and TG than in control group (CG). Furthermore, of the groups, TG had the lowest Vibrio parahaemolyticus content. In summary, the Thalassiosira sp. monoculture in the rearing water absorbed nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced eutrophication, regulated the water environment, inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and increased the survival and yield of shrimp. This research provides an important theoretical basis and a representative demonstration for constructing a more efficient monoculture technology for microalgae and a new model for ecologically friendly and healthy shrimp cultivation and management.

Effects of Nannochloropsis oculata and Thalassiosira pseudonana monocultures on growth performance and nutrient composition of Litopenaeus vannamei

Different microalgae affect shrimp yield in culture tanks. To select suitable microalgae for shrimp culture and supplement the limited information in this field, we screened two microalgae species (Nannochloropsis oculata and Thalassiosira pseudonana) that are easily cultured and maintain steady quantities in water. A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of N. oculata (NG) and T. pseudonana (TG) monocultures on the growth (survival and yield) and biochemical composition (nutritional composition and mineral elements) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that shrimp survival and yield were significantly higher under TG than under NG or no microalgae conditions (CG) (P < 0.05). Biochemical components, such as crude proteins, essential amino acids, and some mineral elements (Mg, Ca, Se, and Cu) were significantly higher, and lipid content was significantly lower in NG and TG than in CG (P < 0.05). Furthermore, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were significantly higher in TG than in CG and NG (P < 0.05). In summary, T. pseudonana and N. oculata monocultures in culture tanks increase shrimp yield and improve muscle nutritional quality, with the effect of T. pseudonana particularly significant. This is a more effective strategy for an ecologically friendly and healthy shrimp cultivation model.

Growth yield and health benefit of farm shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed in a pre-fattening phase with a diet based on wheat (Triticum sativum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) enriched with spirulina (Spirulina maxima)

The formulation of diets from vegetable protein enriched with immunostimulants is a suitable feeding strategy for shrimp culture. This study evaluated a feed formulated with wheat (Tritium sativum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) enriched with spirulina (Spirulina maxima) for shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farming. A feed based on wheat and chickpea (2.5:1) containing 3% spirulina was developed and characterized by proximal chemical analysis. The experimental feed was evaluated along with a commercial feed in a five-week field bioassay to determine the growth, survival, and health status of the juvenile shrimp. In addition, water salinity (mg·L-1) was monitored as an environmental stability factor for shrimp cultures. The proximal chemical composition of the experimental feed contained 17.5 ±0.1% protein, 2.2 ±0.3% lipids and 68.0 ±0.3% carbohydrates. The specific growth rate (0.22 ±0.05 g·days-1) of the shrimp under experimental feed did not show statistical differences in comparison with the commercial feed (P&gt; 0.05). Also, it was determined that the shrimp fed with experimental feed presented a biomass production (0.74 ±0.17 g), survival rate (&gt;98%) (P &lt;0.05) and health status better than shrimp fed with commercial feed. The influence of salinity on shrimp survival was rule out (P&gt; 0.05). This study demonstrated that the experimental feed offers a suitable diet in benefit of the performance and health of the shrimp.

Productivity response and production risk: A study of mangrove forest effects in aquaculture in the Mekong River Delta

In Vietnam, most households that are allotted rights to mangrove forests are allowed to convert forestland into surface water to build mixed mangrove-shrimp farming systems. One result has been deforestation in mangrove forests in an effort to increase production. However, mangroves play multiple roles in shrimp yield, and their net effect is an empirical question. In addition, mangroves can reduce production risk, such that clearing mangroves can increase risk. Utilizing panel survey data of extensive and semi-intensive aquaculture farms in the Mekong River delta of Vietnam, this paper applies the Just-Pope framework to examine the impact of mangrove forests on the productivity and the volatility of output. The results show robust evidence that mangrove forests have a negative but risk-reducing effect on shrimp yield and justify the hypothesis that farmers can earn higher revenue, but at higher risk, when converting more mangrove into water surface. Therefore, a risk-averse farmer would preserve more mangrove forests than the risk-neutral farmer.

A closer look into shrimp yields and mangrove coverage ratio in integrated mangrove-shrimp farming systems in Ca Mau, Vietnam

A closer look into shrimp yields and mangrove coverage ratio in integrated mangrove-shrimp farming systems in Ca Mau, Vietnam

Economic performance characterization of intensive shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farming systems in Bangladesh

AbstractIntensive shrimp (Penaeus monodon) production system is relatively new in Bangladesh, and has not yet been adequately described or its viability assessed. The aims of this study were to characterize, assess the economic performance and identify challenges for intensive shrimp farming in Bangladesh. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire enumerated between October 2016 to June 2017 with 53 farmers in three districts of Khulna Province, southwest Bangladesh. The surveyed farms were categorized into small, medium and large scale based on the number of culture ponds. The average production, operational costs, gross and net income, net income, and cost‐benefit ratios were higher in large farms, followed by medium and small farms. A Cobb–Douglas production function model was used to identify factors influencing shrimp yields, with feed management, health management, pond depth and aeration identified as significant factors. The benefit‐cost ratio was higher than 1, indicative of a positive investment efficiency of intensive shrimp farming system for farmers. Major challenges were associated with quality of inputs, high investment, maintenance of biosecurity and disease outbreaks, water quality, limited number of input suppliers and lack of diagnostic services and technical information at farm level. Our findings suggest that there is an urgent need for human capacity development for shrimp farm owners, workers and technicians. It is also important to improve access to quality inputs, rapid and affordable diagnostics and other technical services.