Shrimp Penaeus Indicus Research Articles

Assessment of microplastic contamination in shrimps from the Bay of Bengal and associated human health risk

Microplastics (MPs) were analyzed in seven shrimp species Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), Red tiger shrimp (Caridina cantonensis), Indian shrimp (Penaeus indicus), Red shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni), White shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), Brown shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros), and Roshna shrimp (Palaemon styliferus) collected from the Bay of Bengal. The abundance and characteristics of MPs were assessed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which certainly translocated to the muscle of shrimp species. The highest MP abundance was found in C. cantonensis with 7.2 items/individual (25.3 items/g in the GIT and 6.3 items/g in muscle). The prominent types of MPs in shrimp samples were fibers (30 %) and fragments (29 %). The ingestion rate of MPs of black and transparent color was comparatively higher, with 64 % of the ingested MPs were < 100 μm. The primary polymer types detected based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis were Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polypropylene (PP), and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). Results from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed rough surface textures and adhered particles on the MPs isolated from shrimps. The margin of exposure for females was 71.42, and for males, it was 80.64, indicating that women in Bangladesh are more likely to be exposed to MPs and face a higher risk than men. Sensitivity analysis revealed that MPs particle size was the most sensitive parameter. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of MP ingestion, human exposure, and contamination in shrimps of Bangladesh, which can help future monitoring efforts.

Draft genome sequence of biofilm-forming Enterococcus faecalis BAU_Ef01 strain isolated from shrimp (Penaeus indicus) in Bangladesh.

Here, we sequence and analyze a biofilm-forming strain of Enterococcus faecalis BAU_Ef01 isolated from a shrimp in Bangladesh. The whole genome of the strain had a length of 2,862,301 bp, 38 contigs, an average G+C content of 37.36%, 80.0× genome coverage, and 35 predicted antibiotic resistance and virulence genes each.

Effect of salinity variation on intestinal microbiota of the Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1837

The effects of salinity adaptation on gut microbiota of juvenile Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 was analysed in this experiment. Intestines of shrimps adapted to two different salinities were examined using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. At all salinity levels, the dominant phyla recorded were Proteobacteria followed by Bacteroidota and Fusobacteriota. However, as the salinity decreased, abundance of Proteobacteria increased while richness of Bacteroidota and Fusobacteriota decreased significantly. At genus level, salinity reduction increased the abundance of Vibrio and Photobacterium; while it decreased the abundance of Spongiimonas and Hypnocyclicus. The survival of animals in both the groups was not affected but the weight gain was less in low saline group (5 ppt). The results confirm the influence of salinity in rearing water on the intestinal microbiota of shrimp. Keywords: Aquaculture, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Hypnocyclicus, Proteobacteria, Salinity, Spongiimonas

Effect of vacuum tumbling assisted marination on textural and sensory properties of deep-fried Indian white shrimp

Effect of vacuum tumbling assisted marination on nutritional composition, texture, colour and sensory acceptability parameters of deep-fried Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) was evaluated in this study. Peeled and deveined shrimp meat was subjected to traditional marination for two hours at room temperature as control (TM) and vacuum tumbling with a revolution of 8 rpm and vacuum pressure of 15 Hg for 5 min (VT 5), 10 min (VT 10) and 15 min (VT 15) were attempted. After the marination procedure, all the portions were deep-fried in sunflower oil at a controlled temperature of 1800 C for 2 min. Vacuum tumbling assisted marination, especially VT 10 exhibited similar textural, colour and sensory characteristics when compared to TM. The proximate composition analysis indicated superior moisture and protein content for VT 10 than TM. In addition, VT 10 recorded approximately 45% lower oil uptake after frying and around 90% reduction in marination time. The study successfully established that vacuum tumbling assisted marination could produce ready to eat (RTE) deep fried product from Indian white shrimp which is superior to traditional marination in terms of processing time and oil uptake while uncompromising sensory acceptability. Keywords: Deep-fried shrimp, Marination, Sensory evaluation, Textural changes, Vacuum tumbling

The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan extract from white shrimp shell (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia

Abstract. Kusnadi, Purgiyanti, Kumoro AK, Legowo AM. 2022. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan extract from white shrimp shell (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1267-1272. Chitosan is an oligosaccharide compound produced by deacetylation of basic chitin at high temperatures. This research aimed to extract chitosan from white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia and determine its antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to commercial chitosan. The functional structure of chitosan was carried out through Fourier Transformation-Infrared Spectroscopy. Determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and its antibacterial activity was tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. The chitosan extract was also tested for its average molecular weight. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan extract was higher 78.60% than that of commercial chitosan 73.46%. The IC50 of chitosan extract and commercial chitosan on DPPH radicals was 4.25 mg/mL and 5.2 mg/mL, respectively. The chitosan extract produced largest inhibition zone found at 1000 g/mL on S. aureus (14.40 ± 0.03 mm) and E. coli (13.78 ± 0.01 mm). The result of DPPH radical scavenging activity was directly proportional to the value of the degree of deacetylation produced by the chitosan extract from white shrimp (P. indicus), the greater the degree of deacetylation, the greater the antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Effects of dietary supplementation of chamomile oil on Indian shrimp (Penaeus indicus) performance, antioxidant, innate immunity, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection

The stimulatory effects of dietary chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) oil (ChO) on Indian shrimp (Penaeus indicus)’s growth performance, biochemical parameters, antioxidants, innate immunity, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection were investigated. Shrimp (4.0–4.5 g) were fed with diets enriched with 0.0 (control), 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 g ChO/kg feed three times a day to apparent satiety for 56 days. Intramuscularly, V. parahaemolyticus were injected after the feeding trial, and clinical symptoms and mortalities were observed for 96 h. In ChO-fed animals, growth-stimulating effects were found on final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake with an optimum level of 3 g/kg diet. Dietary ChO did not significantly affect feed conversion ratio, protein efficienct ratio, protein productive value, and energy utlilization. Serum protein (total protein, albumin, and globulin) profile, as well as antioxidant and immunity variables, significantly higher in ChO-fed animals particularly at the 3.0 and 5.0 g/kg feed treatments. Conversily, significant reductions in levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide were detected in animals fed 3.0 or 5.0 g ChO/kg feed. Vibrio spp. showed low abundance in the gills and intestine of ChO-fed Indian shrimp compared to the control one; particularly in the treatments of 3.0 and 5.0 g/kg feed. The control group died completely after the bacterial challenge; however, ChO-fed animals were more resistant, with relative survival rates of 80.0% and 86.7% in the 3.0 and 5.0 g ChO/kg feed treatments, respectively, with no significant difference between them. Therefore, diets containing 3.0 g ChO/kg feed were found to be optimum for Indian shrimp, boosting its growth, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity. Furthermore, ChO-enriched diets effectively increased its resistance to infection by V. parahaemolyticus.

Mariculture of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards): Optimization of stocking density in modified extensive shrimp farming (MESF) system

Shrimp culture has become a part and parcel for continuing sustainable livelihood of the farmers in the coastal villages of Bangladesh. This study aimed to optimize stocking density for a disease-free and profitable Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) farming. The experiment was conducted under three treatments each with three replications. Stocking density of 10 individuals m-2 was considered as treatment one (T1), 20 individuals m-2 as treatment two (T2) and 30 individuals m-2 as treatment three (T3) for farming Indian white shrimp. Generally, all the water quality parameters of the experimental ponds except the salinity were found within the optimum condition for Indian white shrimp culture. In modified extensive shrimp farming (MESF) system, T2 showed higher survival rate than any other treatments at a low salinity level. Besides, total production values were revealed very tiny gap between T2 and T3. Though the highest value of production was found in T3 but survival rate was lower than T2. Moreover, values of shrimp’s average body weight (ABW), daily weight gain (DWG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were the highest in T2. During 90 days of culture, the growth of the Indian shrimp was negative allometric (2.86), which value was about to the value (3.00) of isomerism. This study recommends MESF culture system for growing Indian white shrimp for a greater output in brackishwater farms. This investigation also suggests some future research by considering MESF system for other important indigenous shrimp species.

Growth performance, production and economic viability of Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicusH. Milne Edwards) fed with varying dietary protein levels

The growth efficiency, productivity and economic viability of Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) fed with diet containing 40% (CPhigh) and 34% (CPlow) crude protein (CP) levels were determined in a 90-day grow-out culture trial. Growth parameters including average body weight (ABW), specific growth rate (SGR), survival and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not statistically different. CPlow had lower overall shrimp production (797.53 kg/ha, DOC 90), but was not significantly different from CPhigh (843.78 kg/ha, DOC 90). The mean values for the water parameters of both treatments, such as DO, pH, salinity, temperature, TAN, NO2-N, NO3-N and PO4-P, also showed no significant differences. However, the TAN values of CPhigh were consistently higher from day of culture (DOC) 63 and increased significantly (p = .048) at DOC 90. Furthermore, the total bacterial and Vibrio counts in both treatments were not significant throughout the culture period. The economic analysis revealed that CPlow obtained higher net profits (6093 USD/ha/year), return on investment (72%) and discounted benefit–cost ratio (1.73). The current study found that feeding a low protein diet to P. indicus is economically viable and profitable and results in improved growth efficiency and productivity while also improving water quality and lowering nitrogen discharge.

Investigating the Possibility of Extraction of khandal Extract by Percolation Method and its Application in Marinated White Indian Shrimp Fillet

Shrimp meat is very rich in protein and has more protein than meat of slaughtered livestock and fish and has a short shelf life due to its high perishability. Therefore, plant extracts can be used to maintain product quality for a long time. In the present study, the aim was to optimize the extraction of Mandab plant by percolation method in terms of solvent type factors, solvent ratio, time and finally the application of the optimal extract according to the total phenolic composition and inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals to prepare marinade from Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and its shelf life at refrigerator temperature and changes in physicochemical properties (including: pH, acidity, thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, water holding capacity, water activity, sensory evaluation, acid-salt taste measurement and texture test) product using It was SPSS method. The results showed that the optimal extract was obtained using ethanol solvent in 36 h and a volume of 7 mL. The lowest amount of TVB-N was observed in day 20 of the experiment and with 30% of the extract, the lowest amount of TBA was observed in the control sample. Changes in pH and acidity without significant differences between treatments had a decreasing trend compared to the control sample during the storage period. WHC had a decreasing trend compared to the control and aw samples without significant differences between treatments, more than the control sample.

3D Printing of Shrimp Derived Chitosan with HAp as a Bio-Composite Scaffold

ABSTRACT India is the world’s 3rd largest shrimp producer at the same stint the shrimp industry generates 40%–70% waste of the catch volume. In this research, chitosan from shrimp (Penaeus indicus) waste was extracted at 75% degree of deacetylation and was brought down to powder form. Parallelly, a wet chemical precipitation method was adopted to produce hydroxyapatite suspension. The Chitosan powders were blended with the HAp suspension and finally ball milled to achieve composite powders of particle size 0.020 mm having mesoporous nature (3.17 nm) when quantified with BJH model. The scaffold was designed considering four design models namely the hollow cube, dumbbell, dual cone and honeycomb models with 62–67% of porosity. Post FE simulation analysis and design optimization using Pugh’s matrix revealed that the honeycomb model was superior considering the mass (g), porosity (%), compressive stress (MPa) and the level of complexity in mesh array. The composite powders were preheated up to 200°C and then the laser with spot of 0.5 mm width sinters the composite powder forming a scaffold as per design using the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process. The final part was subjected to cell viability assay using MG63 osteoblast cell line resulted in an increased cell level on the sixth day.

Cellular and molecular immune response and production performance of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), reared in a biofloc-based system with different protein levels of feed

The present study focuses on the immunity and growth of Penaeus indicus fed with varying protein levels (25%, 30%, and 35%) in a biofloc based rearing system. A 120 days growth trial was carried out using juvenile Penaeus indicus (0.71 ± 0.01) with dietary protein level, 25% (LP), 30% (MP), and 35% (HP), and a control diet-fed with 35% acted as control group resulting in 4 treatments each with four replicates and were randomly assigned 16 tank units (7500 L each). A combination of different carbon sources (molasses, wheat flour, and rice bran in 2:1:1 ratio), yeast and a probiotic (Bacillus sp.) consortium were used for the development of biofloc. At the end of the trial, the growth parameters of shrimps viz., initial weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and daily growth coefficient (DGC) were computed. The results indicated that shrimp fed with medium (30%) protein (MP) diet recorded significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance compared to high protein fed group (35%) and low protein (25%) fed group (LP) in a biofloc system and control group (35%). The immunological parameters such as hemagglutination activity (HA) assay, serum protein, lysozyme, phenol oxidase (PO), and inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in serum, plasma, and hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS). The HA activity, PO activity in plasma was found to be higher in high protein fed animals, whereas medium protein resulted in enhanced PO activity in serum. Similarly, lysozyme and SOD were inhibited well in high protein fed animals compared to the low protein fed group. The vital immune genes's mRNA profiling showed a potential rise in the expressional pattern in MP and HP treatments compared to LP and control. BGBP (beta-1,3-glucan binding protein) and hemocyanin mRNA transcript levels were highly upregulated in the HP (5 fold) and moderately expressed in MP (2 fold) and LP (1–2 fold). The transcripts of peroxinectin, antimicrobial peptides like crustin showed significant upregulation in HP followed by in MP and LP and control. Likewise, other immune genes, such as SOD, prophenoloxidase (proPO), showed a similar trend in a marginal way, indicating immunomodulation in the biofloc groups. This study suggested that biofloc with high protein (35%) supplementation can substantially enhance the immune response of shrimps, although medium protein level (30%) is optimum for improving the survival, growth, and in turn economic return in Indian white shrimp.

Organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in the zooplankton, fishes, and shrimps of tropical shallow tidal creeks and the associated human health risk

Studies on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metals (HMs) from tidal creeks are scarce. Sixteen OCPs and seven HMs were measured in the surface water, zooplankton, two fishes (Harpadon nehereus and Pampus argenteus), and one shrimp (Penaeus indicus) collected from three tidal creeks of the Indian Sundarban. The surface water was polluted by hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (ΣHCH: 525–1581 ng l−1), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane congeners (ΣDDT: 188–377 ng l−1), endosulfan congeners (ΣEND: 687–1474 ng l−1), and other OCPs (512–1334 ng l−1). However, the mean HM concentrations in the surface water were <1 μg l−1. The zooplankton community exhibited bioaccumulation of both OCPs and HMs. Aldrin, Heptachlor, and α-HCH levels in the edible biotas could lead to cancer. Co and Cd levels could lead to non-cancerous risks, and Pb levels could pose a cancerous risk. This study showed that creeks could be potential sites of both OCP and HM pollution.

On the potential and constraints of mariculture development in Bangladesh

Development of a blue economy is firmly embedded in the development plans of Bangladesh. Advances in freshwater aquaculture have promoted Bangladesh to the fifth largest fish producer in the world. However, the marine resource base of Bangladesh, which is now even greater following the recent settling of disputes regarding maritime boundaries with neighbouring countries, lends itself to the development of marine aquaculture—known as mariculture. Several potential areas and opportunities for mariculture development have been identified for implementation under the concept of blue economy development in Bangladesh. We identify the most promising fish species as the hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha), seabass (Lates calcarifer) and the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), and the shrimp species as black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), brown shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros), Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and the mud crab (Scylla serata). Further, some non-traditional marine species like seaweed, microalgae, shellfish (mussel, oyster) and the sea cucumber offer considerable potential. However, there remain major challenges and constraints that need to be addressed in order for mariculture to further develop and contribute to a growing blue economy in Bangladesh. Most notably, ministries, departments and research institutions, along with interested private entrepreneurs, must collaborate to formulate strategies for effective development and implementation, so that mariculture can contribute to food security and economic development through export opportunities.

High bioaccumulation factors and ecological risk index of Cd and Hg in Indian white shrimp, hooded oyster, brown algae, and Sediment in northern coasts of the Gulf of Oman before and after a monsoon

This study analyzed the concentrations (dry weight basis) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in pre- and post-monsoon samples at five stations (Chabahar, Darak, Gowatr, Jask, and Pozm) in the Gulf of Oman. For this purpose, ten samples of hooded oyster Saccostrea cucullata, brown algae Sargassum ilicifolium, and Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus were collected once a month during fall and spring (a total of 60 samples were obtained from each species per station). Additionally, sediment samples were collected three times a month during these two seasons (ten samples per each season). Our results indicated that metal concentrations were lower than the maximum permitted limit in the sediment across the tested stations (<0.42 ppm). In both seasons, the highest concentrations of metals in the sediment were found in Chabahar, followed by Jask. The concentration of Hg was higher in the Indian white shrimp (0.16 ppm) and hooded oyster (0.20 ppm) than in the standard (0.10 ppm), while for other metals and tissues the concentrations were lower than the standard level. Also, BAF of Hg was higher than the standard permissible level in Jask(spring: 109.71%) and Pozm station (spring: 123.12%, fall: 125.76%). Except for Cd and Cu at the Chabahar station, the monsoon did not have any significant effect on metal concentrations and bioaccumulation. Preventive measures and management strategies are required as these concentrations and BAF of metals can become an actual threat to the environment and human health in this area.

Integrated rearing system approach in the farming of mud crab, shrimp, fish, oyster and periphyton in bracksihwater pond

Diversification of production systems has been identified as one of the major strategies for the long-term sustainability of brackishwater aquaculture. On the context of diversification, a 180-day culture experiment was carried out where four farming systems were tested: monoculture of mud crab, Scylla serrata (T1), polyculture of mud crab, with mullet Mugil cephalus and shrimp Penaeus indicus (T2), polyculture of mud crab with mullet, shrimp and oyster Crassostrea cuttackensis (T3), polyculture of mud crab with mullet, shrimp, oyster along with periphyton net (T4) covering 10% of the water spread area. There was no significant difference in the growth performances of mud crab, shrimp and oyster among the treatment but a significantly higher (p < .05) final average body weight (ABW) of M.cephalus was recorded in T4 (121.19 ± 2.09 g). Production considering only the fed animals (excluding oyster) was significantly (p < .05) higher in T4 (2,115 kg/ha) compared to other treatments. The overall water quality parameters do not vary significantly (p > .05) among the treatment ponds. Although there was no significant difference in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite-N, highest value was recorded in T2 (56.23 ± 39.47 µg/L and 185.53 ± 110.71 µg/L) and T1 (55.78 ± 32.26 µg/L and 180.83 ± 103.65 µg/L). The results from the current experiment based on water quality and growth of animals showed that there is no negative interaction between the mud crab and other animals stocked in the polyculture pond which indicated that polyculture provides an efficient and sustainable utilization of resources.

Bio-augmentation of heterotrophic bacteria in biofloc system improves growth, survival, and immunity of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus

Effect of bio-augmentation of Bacillus spp in biofloc on growth, survival and immunity in Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus was evaluated. Nine Bacillus strains were isolated and screened individually as well as in the form of a consortia. To maintain a C:N ratio of 12:1 a blend of carbohydrate sources was used. Bio-augmentation with bacterial consortium and Virgibacillus sp. produced improved growth and immunity. Shrimp survival ranged from 80 to 95% among treatments. Production was higher (35%) in the biofloc tanks with an average body weight (ABW) of 10.89 ± 1.2 g. On evaluating the immune responses, it was found that trypsin significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced Prophenoloxidase (PO) activity in Lysinibacillus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis bio-augmented groups. Laminarin induced PO activity was observed in groups supplemented with Oceanobacillus sp., Bacillus sp.and Bacillus megaterium. The lysozyme (LZ) activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in B. cereus and Microbial Consortia (MC), while other treatments were less effective. Total hemocyte count (THC) significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all treatment groups compared to the control. Hyaline hemocyte (HH) count was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the control group (14.43%). Semi granular hemocytes (SGH) was higher in groups treated with Lysinibacillus, Bacillus sp., B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. The granular hemocyte (GH) count was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Virgibacillus sp., B. cereus, B.megaterium and Oceanobacillus sp. The biofloc alone (BF), treated and augmented with B. megaterium significantly (P < 0.05) increased phagocytic activity. Highly significant phagocytic index (PI) was observed in bio-augmented groups, BF and MC. The relative expression levels of immune genes were found to be significantly up-regulated in shrimps grown in bio-augmented groups. Enhanced immunological parameters implies that bio-augmentation of biofloc with Bacillus spp. improved immunity in shrimps. Hence, bio-augmentation of probiotics in biofloc may be useful in improving culture conditions to produce P. indicus.

Effect of varying levels of dietary protein on the growth performances of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards)

A 120 days grow out culture trial of Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus was carried out to ascertain the effect of different dietary level of protein in pond system. Three experimental feeds with crude protein (CP) - 30 (P30), 35 (P35) and 40% (P40) levels and their effects on growth performance of shrimps were studied for a period of 120 days. Shrimps fed with P30 and P35 recorded significantly higher average body weight, 14.29 ± 0.06 g and 14.24 ± 0.19 g respectively compared to the group fed with higher protein feed, P40 (13.13 ± 0.16 g). There was no significant difference (p < .05) in proximate composition of shrimp muscle fed with different feeds. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly higher in P40 (2.38 ± 0.61) while it was comparable between P30 and P35 (2.10 ± 0.01 and 2.11 ± 0.28 respectively). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly different among the treatments (1.58 ± 0.05, 1.33 ± 0.02 and 1.03 ± 0.03 in P30, P35 and P40 respectively). Productivity (kg/ha) was also significantly lower (P > .05) in P40 (2519.85 ± 18.02) while it was comparable between P30 (2930.17 ± 114.20) and P35 (3007.01 ± 153.02). The present study revealed that a protein level of 30–35% in practical diet is optimal for grow out pond culture of Indian white shrimp, P.indicus.

Comparative study on phenoloxidase activity of biofloc-reared pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei and Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus on graded protein diet

Shrimp aquaculture demands technological advancement that boosts production and environmental sustainability. This study evaluated and compared the growth performance and innate immunity of two species of shrimp (Pacific White shrimp Penaeus vannamei and India white shrimp Penaeus indicus) reared under biofloc technology with different dietary protein levels (Low-25%, Medium-30% and High-35%). As prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity is an important parameter in immune response of shrimp, we focused on the dynamics of prophenoloxidase induced by three different activators (Sodium dodecyle sulfate, (SDS, Trypsin & Laminarin). At the end of the experiment, the effect of activators on proPO activity in serum, plasma and hemocyte lysate (HLS) was evaluated in both the species under conventional and biofloc systems with graded proteins. This experiment lasted for a month as nursery rearing followed by 60 days of grow-out culture. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in growth performances of both the species reared under biofloc, whereas control group exhibited lower growth. Significantly higher average body weight (ABW), survival and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in medium protein groups reared under biofloc than the other biofloc groups and control. The medium protein groups also showed significantly lower (p < 0.01) TAN, NO2–N, and NO3–N levels compared to other treatments and the control exhibited considerably higher TAN, NO2–N and NO3–N levels. The proPO activity in serum of both the shrimps were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control in which highest proPO activity was observed in SDS activated groups irrespective of the graded protein levels. A similar trend was observed in the plasma of P. indicus in which SDS activated group fed with high protein level showed highest proPO activity, whereas in plasma of P. vannamei trypsin activated groups fed with low protein level showed higher proPO activity than SDS and laminarin activated groups. The HLS of P. vannamei showed highest proPO functioning in trypsin activated group fed with high protein level, whereas in P. indicus, the highest proPO activity was observed in SDS activated group fed with high protein diet. Though in many cases, the groups fed with high protein diet showed highest proPO activity, the low protein and the medium protein groups also exhibited upregulation in the immune response parameter reared under biofloc irrespective of the species. SOD activity of the hemocytes were influenced by different dietary protein levels and better inhibition was observed in HP when compared to control and other treated groups. Thus the native non-SPF Indian white shrimp P. indicus has comparable potential as the SPF Pacific white shrimp P. vannamei in terms of innate immunity, immune response, and growth when reared under biofloc conditions.

Polyculture of Indian White Shrimp (Penaeus indicus) with Milkfish (Chanos chanos) and its Effect on Growth Performances, Water Quality and Microbial Load in Brackishwater Pond

ABSTRACT Lalramchhani, C.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Panigrahi, A.; Ghoshal, T,K.; Das, S.; Shyne Anand, P.S, and Vijayan, K.K., 2019. Polyculture of Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) with milkfis...

Growth, Survival, and Osmoregulation of Indian White Shrimp Penaeus indicus Juveniles Reared in Low Salinity Amended Inland Saline Groundwater and Seawater

ABSTRACT Antony, J.; Sandeep, K.P.; Aravind, R.; Panigrahi, A., and Balasubramanian, C.P., 2019. Growth, survival, and osmoregulation of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles reared in low ...